Academic literature on the topic 'Bit Formation Interface Law'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Bit Formation Interface Law.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Bit Formation Interface Law"
1
Liu, Cancan, Xigui Zheng, Gang Wang, Mengbin Xu, and Zhishang Li. "Research on Drilling Response Characteristics of Two-Wing PDC Bit." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010406.
Full textAbstract:
Research on drilling response characteristics of two-wing polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit in different rocks is an important way to further understand the mechanism of rock-breaking, improve drilling efficiency, and identify the rock formation interfaces in coal mines. However, the research on the drilling response characteristics of two-wing PDC bits is relatively rare due to the harsh environment in coal mines. In this study, a series of two-wing PDC bits were used to drill in sandstone and sandy mudstone to study the response characteristic of sound pressure level, displacement curves, longitudinal vibration, and rock cuttings size. The collected data were processed by MATLAB based on the 3σ principle. The cuttings were collected through a newly designed cuttings collection device. The experimental results show that the sound pressure level and the longitudinal vibration are larger when drilling in the higher strength sandstone, which is opposite to the cuttings particles and the penetration rate. The reduction of drilling efficiency is more obvious when drilling in sandstone with a worn bit. Therefore, drilling efficiency can be improved by optimizing the bit structure so that the broken rock blocks flow out of the anchor holes as early as possible to avoid being broken into cuttings.
2
Klein, Benjamin, Patrick Bouriat, Philippe Goulas, and Régis Grimaud. "Behavior ofMarinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticusSP17 cells during initiation of biofilm formation at the alkaneâwater interface." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 105, no. 3 (2010): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22577.
Full text
3
Malusa, Massimo, Flavio Poletto, and Francesco Miranda. "Prediction ahead of the bit by using drill‐bit pilot signals and reverse vertical seismic profiling (RVSP)." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 4 (2002): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1500378.
Full textAbstract:
Surface drillstring axial pilot signals are used to predict reflections ahead of the drill bit. We show that part of the drill‐bit signal propagates downward in the formation, reflects upward by a seismic interface, and is then transmitted to the drillstring and the surface pilot sensors. These reflections are interpreted in drill‐bit pilot signals by means of a numerical model of the drillstring coupled to the formation at the bit–rock contact. The result is an additional, low‐cost, reverse VSP (RVSP) in the zero‐offset approximation. These while‐drilling results are integrated with conventional drill‐bit RVSP measurements and compared with other geophysical and well results.
4
Yigit, Ahmet S., and Andreas P. Christoforou. "Stick-Slip and Bit-Bounce Interaction in Oil-Well Drillstrings." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 128, no. 4 (2006): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2358141.
Full textAbstract:
Drillstring vibrations and in particular stick-slip and bit-bounce are detrimental to oil-well drilling operations. Controlling these vibrations is essential because they may cause equipment failures and damage to the oil-well. A simple model that adequately captures the dynamics is used to simulate the effects of varying operating conditions on stick-slip and bit-bounce interactions. It is shown that the conditions at the bit/formation interface, such as bit speed and formation stiffness, are major factors in shaping the dynamic response. Due to the varying and uncertain nature of these conditions, simple operational guidelines or active rotary table control strategies are not sufficient to eliminate both stick-slip and bit-bounce. It is demonstrated that an additional active controller for the axial motion can be effective in suppressing both stick-slip and bit-bounce. It is anticipated that if the proposed approach is implemented, smooth drilling will be possible for a wide range of conditions.
5
Poletto, Flavio, Massimo Malusa, Francesco Miranda, and Umberta Tinivella. "Seismic‐while‐drilling by using dual sensors in drill strings." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 5 (2004): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1801943.
Full textAbstract:
Drill‐string waves can be successfully used as reference pilot signals for drill‐bit seismic‐while‐drilling (SWD) purposes. The seismic signals obtained by correlating pilot and geophone measurements are disturbed by the drill‐string reverberations because the pilot waves are reflected at each interface between string sections with different acoustic impedances. Inverse filtering of these reflections, using a reference‐pilot deconvolution calculated in the presence of additional noise, may cause signal distortion. To overcome this problem, we consider using dual‐sensor measurements in the drill string to remove the reflections of the drill‐bit waves in the acquisition phase and to improve pilot deconvolution. We measure acceleration and strain of drill‐string dual fields, which have opposite reflection coefficients and, in a string of constant elastic properties, the same transmission coefficients. These quantities are scaled to fit the amplitude of the direct arrivals, summed to remove the reflections in the drill string and in the rig, and may be deconvolved by Einstein deconvolution to characterize the reflection coefficient between the drill bit and the formation. Synthetic numerical examples and real measurements acquired downhole in a location close to the bit show that upgoing and downgoing drill‐string pilots can be separated using dual fields and jointly used to improve the SWD seismograms.
6
Fowler, A. C. "Sliding with Cavity Formation." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 115 (1987): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000008820.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe present a model for the determination of a sliding law in the presence of subglacial cavitation. This law determines the basal stress at a clean ice‒bedrock interface in terms of the velocity and effective pressure. The method is based on an exact solution of the Nye—Kamb (linearly viscous) sliding problem with cavities, and uses ideas of Lliboutry (1979) to construct, via renormalization methods, an approximate law for general bedrock form. We show that, for a bedrock whose spectrum has a power‒law behaviour, one obtains a sliding law which gives the basal shear stress proportional to a power of the velocity, and to a power of the effective pressure.The effect of subglacial cavitation on the drainage system is examined, using recent ideas of Kamb. For sufficiently high velocities, drainage through a Röthlisberger tunnel system is unstable, and drainage takes place through the linked system of cavities. This leads to a reduction of the effective pressure, and by taking account of this, one can rewrite the sliding law in terms of stress and velocity only.This sliding law can be multi‒valued, and it is suggested that this underlies the dynamic phenomenon of surges.
7
Fowler, A. C. "Sliding with Cavity Formation." Journal of Glaciology 33, no. 115 (1987): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000008820.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe present a model for the determination of a sliding law in the presence of subglacial cavitation. This law determines the basal stress at a clean ice‒bedrock interface in terms of the velocity and effective pressure. The method is based on an exact solution of the Nye—Kamb (linearly viscous) sliding problem with cavities, and uses ideas of Lliboutry (1979) to construct, via renormalization methods, an approximate law for general bedrock form. We show that, for a bedrock whose spectrum has a power‒law behaviour, one obtains a sliding law which gives the basal shear stress proportional to a power of the velocity, and to a power of the effective pressure.The effect of subglacial cavitation on the drainage system is examined, using recent ideas of Kamb. For sufficiently high velocities, drainage through a Röthlisberger tunnel system is unstable, and drainage takes place through the linked system of cavities. This leads to a reduction of the effective pressure, and by taking account of this, one can rewrite the sliding law in terms of stress and velocity only.This sliding law can be multi‒valued, and it is suggested that this underlies the dynamic phenomenon of surges.
8
Bernard, H., A. Lisińska-Czekaj, J. Dzik, K. Osińska, and D. Czekaj. "Fabrication, Structural and AC Impedance Studies of Layer-Structured Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 56, no. 4 (2011): 1137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0127-4.
Full textAbstract:
Fabrication, Structural and AC Impedance Studies of Layer-Structured Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics In the present research bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) ceramics was synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction method from the mixture of oxides, followed by free sintering at temperature T=1000°C. BiT ceramics was studied in terms of its chemical composition (EDS), crystalline structure (X-ray), microstructure (SEM) and dielectric properties (ac technique of complex impedance spectroscopy) over a range of frequency (ƒ=100Hz to ƒ=1MHz) and temperature (T=200-500°C). Experimental results confirmed the phase formation. It was found that BiT ceramics crystallized in orthorhombic symmetry, best described with Fmmm space group and the following elementary cell parameters: a=5.409(6)°A, b=5.449(2)°A and c=32.816(2)°A. It was also found that BiT ceramics exhibited the plate-like microstructure and stoichiometric chemical composition. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed contribution of three overlapping relaxation processes (three semicircles in the complex impedance diagrams were observed) ascribed to bulk, grain boundary and electrode/interface polarization phenomena. Impedance data were fitted to the corresponding equivalent circuit using the complex nonlinear least squares (CNLS) method. The ac conductivity for grains, grain boundaries and electrode processes was calculated from CNLS fit of the impedance data and thus the activation energy of ac conductivity (σAC) and relaxation (τ) was calculated for the three revealed components of the impedance spectra from the slopes of σAC and τ versus 1000/T plots (semi log scale) in the range of ΔT=200-500°C.
9
Marchon, Bruno, Thomas Pitchford, Yiao-Tee Hsia, and Sunita Gangopadhyay. "The Head-Disk Interface Roadmap to an Areal Density of Tbit/in2." Advances in Tribology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/521086.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews the state of the head-disk interface (HDI) technology, and more particularly the head-medium spacing (HMS), for today’s and future hard-disk drives. Current storage areal density on a disk surface is fast approaching the one terabit per square inch mark, although the compound annual growth rate has reduced considerably from ~100%/annum in the late 1990s to 20–30% today. This rate is now lower than the historical, Moore’s law equivalent of ~40%/annum. A necessary enabler to a high areal density is the HMS, or the distance from the bottom of the read sensor on the flying head to the top of the magnetic medium on the rotating disk. This paper describes the various components of the HMS and various scenarios and challenges on how to achieve a goal of 4.0–4.5 nm for the 4 Tbit/in2density point. Special considerations will also be given to the implication of disruptive technologies such as sealing the drive in an inert atmosphere and novel recording schemes such as bit patterned media and heat assisted magnetic recording.
10
Schröder, H., and K. Samwer. "Kinetics of the solid-state reaction for the formation of amorphous ZrCo studied by electrical conductance measurements." Journal of Materials Research 3, no. 3 (1988): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1988.0461.
Full textAbstract:
Thin-film reactions of Co with Zr have been studied in the temperature range between 473 and 523 K by electrical conductance measurements and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (CS-TEM). The reduction of the electrical conductance during the solid state reaction is explained by formation and growth of an amorphous phase at every Zr/Co interface. For long reaction times the growth of the layer thickness follows a shifted $\sqrt t$ law. For short reaction times the measurements show a linear time law, which is expected for an interface limited reaction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bit Formation Interface Law"
1
Ben, Hamida Malek. "Analyse et validation du comportement directionnel des outils de forage couplés aux systèmes de forage dirigé." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0054/document.
Full textAbstract:
Nous présentons dans ce mémoire un modèle d'interaction outil-roche qui calcule les efforts de forage en fonction du déplacement dans la roche d'un outil de forage de type PDC, et permet d'évaluer ses propriétés directionnelles, à savoir, son indice d'anisotropie (steerability) et son angle de walk. Le mouvement de l'outil est défini par une translation suivant trois axes et une rotation suivant deux axes. L'angle de tilt, qui définit l'inclinaison de l'outil par rapport à l'axe du trou en cours de forage, est pris en compte dans le calcul des surfaces d'interactions effectives entre les différentes composantes de l'outil (structure de coupe, garde active et garde passive) et la roche. Ce modèle outil est établi à partir d'une modélisation de la coupe de roche par un taillant. Ce modèle de coupe élémentaire est construit de manière à être applicable aux différentes parties de l'outil. Les efforts élémentaires de coupe sont intégrés sur toute la structure de l'outil de forage afin de calculer ses propriétés directionnelles. Le modèle d'interaction outil-roche est validé à partir d'essais de forage directionnel réalisés sur un banc spécialement conçu pour reproduire le comportement des systèmes de forage dirigé existants. Il constitue un outil d'aide à la décision pour la sélection de l'outil de forage en fonction du système au bout duquel il sera fixé. Ce modèle pourra aussi être intégré dans une boucle de régulation automatique ou semi-automatique de contrôle et de correction de la trajectoire en temps réel<br>This work deals with the formulation of global relationships between kinematic variables describing the penetration of a PDC bit into the rock and drilling forces acting on it. This allows us determine the bit directional properties in terms of steerability, which corresponds to the bit lateral aggressiveness, and walk, which describes the bit azimuth displacement with respect to the side force. The bit kinematic quantities are divided into a three-axis penetration vector and a two-axis angular penetration vector. The bit tilt, which describes the angle between the bit revolution axis and the borehole tangent, is used to compute the effective interaction surface between the bit's different components (cutting structure, active gauge and passive gauge) and the rock. A new cutter-rock interface law is set up and experimentally validated in order to compute elementary forces acting on all parts of a drill bit. Bit directional properties are computed after the integration of these elementary forces. The bit-rock interaction model is experimentally validated with directional drilling tests held on a full-scale drilling bench developed to reproduce Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS) directional behavior. Tests and theoretical results enabled us to fully understand the roles of tilt angle, bit design, operating parameters and rock properties in the deviation process of a PDC bit. The bit-rock interaction model is a decision support tool for optimal drill bit selection according to the RSS being used. It could also be embedded in a real-time Closed-Loop Guided Directional Drilling controller in order to correct the drilling direction or follow a planned borehole trajectory
2
Atlati, Samir. "Développement d'une nouvelle approche hybride pour la modélisation des échanges thermiques à l'interface outil-copeau : application à l'usinage de l'alliage d'aluminium aéronautique AA2024-T351." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0200/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé dans le cadre d'une collaboration internationale entre l'Université de Lorraine (France) et l'Université d'Oujda (Maroc). Les travaux réalisés concernent la modélisation de l'usinage par enlèvement de matière. Deux aspects importants de l'usinage ont été abordés : le processus de la formation de copeaux et les échanges thermiques à l'interface outil-copeau. Dans la première partie de la thèse, une modélisation par élément finis (EF) du processus de la coupe a été mise en place. La segmentation des copeaux a été particulièrement analysée grâce à l'introduction d'un nouveau paramètre, le Rapport d'Intensité de Segmentation, permettant de quantifier ce phénomène. Une corrélation entre la réduction de l'effort de coupe et l'intensité de segmentation a été établie. La deuxième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l'étude des échanges thermiques à l'interface outil-copeau, qui contribuent entre autres à l'usure de l'outil de coupe. Un des points importants de l'étude est la mise en place d'une procédure d'identification hybride (analytique/numérique) permettant d'estimer le flux thermique transmis dans l'outil de coupe et de remonter au coefficient de partage de la chaleur à l'interface outil-copeau pour chaque vitesse de coupe. Avec les valeurs identifiées du coefficient de partage de la chaleur pour chaque vitesse de coupe, une loi d'échange thermique multi-branches a été proposée et ses paramètres identifiés. Cette loi donnant l'évolution du coefficient de partage de la chaleur en fonction de la vitesse de coupe a également été définie en fonction de la vitesse relative de glissement à l'interface outil-copeau dans le but de l'implanter dans un code de calcul EF. L'interface utilisateur VUINTER du code Abaqus/Explicit a été exploitée pour implanter la loi proposée, afin d'appréhender complètement le contact d'un point de vue mécanique et thermique. Il est désormais possible d'implanter via cette interface-utilisateur n'importe quelle autre loi de contact thermomécanique (frottement, coefficient de partage de la chaleur, etc.). L'implantation via la subroutine VUINTER a été validée sur des cas tests d'abord, et puis ensuite en usinage. Les résultats obtenus pour les flux thermiques avec cette nouvelle procédure sont en très bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales pour le couple outil-matière considéré : AA2024-T351/WC-Co<br>This PhD. thesis is realised in the framework of an international cooperation between the University of Lorraine (France) and the University of Oujda (Morocco). The work done concerns the modelling of machining process by material removal. Two important aspects of machining have been investigated: the chip formation process and the heat exchange at the tool-chip interface. In the first part of the thesis, a FE modelling of the cutting process has been established. Chips segmentation have been particularly analysed using à new parameter (Segmentation Intensity Ratio) allowing the quantification of the phenomenon. A correlation has been established between the cutting force reduction and the chip segmentation intensity. The second part of the thesis has been devoted to the study of heat exchange at the tool-chip interface, among other phenomena that contribute to the tool wear. One important point of the study is the establishment of a hybrid identification procedure (analytical/numerical) to estimate the heat flux transmitted into the cutting tool, and identification of the heat partition coefficient at the contact interface for each cutting speed. With identified values of the heat partition coefficient obtained by varying the cutting speed, a heat exchange multi-branch law has been proposed and parameters of this law have been identified. This law corresponds firstly to the evolution of the heat partition coefficient as a function of the cutting speed. Thereafter, it was defined in term of the relative sliding velocity at the tool-chip contact interface, in order to implement it in a FE code. The user interface VUINTER of Abaqus/Explicit has been used to implement the proposed law, to fully control the mechanical and thermal contact. It is henceforth possible to implement with this user interface any thermomechanical contact (friction, heat partition coefficient, etc.). The implementation via the user subroutine VUINTER was validated first on adequate tests, then on machining. The obtained results for heat fluxes with this new procedure are in good agreement with experimental measurements for the tool-workmaterial couple considered: AA2024-T351/WC-Co
3
Wilson, Joshua Kyle. "Design and Analysis of a Test Rig for Modeling the Bit/Formation Interface in Petroleum Drilling Applications." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149457.
Full textAbstract:
Equipment failure and well deviations are prevailing contributors to production delays within the petroleum industry. Particular monetary focus is given to the drilling operations of wells to overcome these deficits, in order to extract natural resources as efficiently, and as safely, as possible. The research presented here focuses on minimizing vibrations of the drill string near the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) by identifying the cause of external forcing on the drillstring in vertical and horizontal wells and measuring the effects of various factors on the stability of perturbations on the system. A test rig concept has been developed to accurately measure the interaction forces and torques between the bit, formation and fluids during drilling in order to clearly define a bit/formation interface law (BFIL) for the purpose vibrational analysis. As a secondary function, the rig will be able to measure the potential inputs to a drilling simulation code that can be used to model drillstring vibrations. All notable quantities will be measured including torque on bit (TOB), weight on bit (WOB), lateral impact loads (LIL), formation stiffness, bit specific properties, fluid damping coefficients and rate of penetration (ROP). The conceptual design has been analyzed and refined, in detail, to verify its operational integrity and range of measurement error. The operational envelope of the rig is such that a drill bit of up to 8 ½ inches in diameter can be effectively tested at desired operational parameters (WOB: 0-55,000 lbf, RPM: 60-200) with various rock formations and multiple fluid types. Future use and design possibilities are also discussed to enhance the functionality of the rig and the potential for further research in the area of oil and gas drilling and vibrational modeling.
4
Thepchatri, Kritatee 1984. "Thermoporoelastic Effects of Drilling Fluid Temperature on Rock Drillability at Bit/Formation Interface." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148164.
Full textAbstract:
A drilling operation leads to thermal disturbances in the near-wellbore stress, which is an important cause of many undesired incidents in well drilling. A major cause of this thermal disturbance is the temperature difference between the drilling fluid and the downhole formation. It is critical for drilling engineers to understand this thermal impact to optimize their drilling plans.
This thesis develops a numerical model using partially coupled thermoporoelasticity to study the effects of the temperature difference between the drilling fluid and formation in a drilling operation. This study focuses on the thermal impacts at the bit/formation interface. The model applies the finite-difference method for the pore pressure and temperature solutions, and the finite-element method for the deformation and stress solutions. However, the model also provides the thermoporoelastic effects at the wellbore wall, which involves wellbore fractures and wellbore instability.
The simulation results show pronounced effects of the drilling fluid temperature on near-wellbore stresses. At the bottomhole area, a cool drilling fluid reduces the radial and tangential effective stresses in formation, whereas the vertical effective stress increases. The outcome is a possible enhancement in the drilling rate of the drill bit. At the wellbore wall, the cool drilling fluid reduces the vertical and tangential effective stresses but raises the radial effective stress. The result is a lower wellbore fracture gradient; however, it benefits formation stability and prevents wellbore collapse. Conversely, the simulation gives opposite induced stress results to the cooling cases when the drilling fluid is hotter than the formation.
Books on the topic "Bit Formation Interface Law"
1
Joshua, Castellino, and Cavanaugh Kathleen A. 1 The Contemporary Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679492.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter tackles some of the most contested terrain. The argument that the Middle East shares narratives both endogenously and exogenously is explored as we set out the historical, social, and territorial formation of the region, focussing on events that have helped shape and reshape this space externally and internally. The movement from pre-industrial to post-industrial societies, and the varying responses to these socio-economic transformations at sub-state, state, and regional levels, has necessitated the interplay between religion and politics, religion and rights and the interface between politics and law. These myriad forces have generated not just one but multiple narratives at the state and civil society level. This chapter examines how conflicts since 1945 have shaped this region with particular reference to the Arab-Israeli conflicts and the post 9-11 ‘war on terror’.
Book chapters on the topic "Bit Formation Interface Law"
1
Terryn, Evelyne. "Contract Formation – An Illustration of the Difficult Interface with National Law and Enforcement." In Towards a European Contract Law, edited by Reiner Schulze and Jules Stuyck. Sellier – DE GRUYTER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783866539549.65.
Full text
2
Nomura, Yoshihiko, and Kazuki Iwabu. "Length Perceptual Characteristics on Raised-Dot Slippages." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6228-5.ch016.
Full textAbstract:
If line-shape information was physically presented by virtue of some kind of mechanical interface, man-machine communication would be enhanced in the sense of multi-modal interactions. In order for such interactions to be available with ease, they should be realized as simple, small, and cheap devices even though suffering from a bit of performance decrease. Thus, the authors have studied a mouse-like computer-human mechanical interface. The idea is that slippage stimuli on a fingerpad would be effective enough to provide users a piece of motion information, and that the mechanism for slippage can be embodied in mouse interfaces. Here, to enhance the slippage perceptual performance, raised-dots were considered to be useful, and thus, a series of psychophysical experiments were carried out by using raised-dot planes with the period of 1.5, 3.1, 12.5, 30, and 50 mm, together with a without-dot flat plane. It was confirmed that the perceptual lengths were well formulated by a power law: they were proportional to the power of both speed and length. The exponential constants with the length factor were a little less than 1 corresponding to the ideal linear relationship. While the ones with the speed factor were in negative, nearly 0 corresponding to the ideal undisturbed relationship. Then, it was found that the pathway length perceptual accuracies for the raised-dot planes were much superior to that for the flat plane from the viewpoint of (1) length-related perceptual length contractions, (2) speed-induced perceptual length contractions, and (3) perceptual length random errors. This is shown in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Bit Formation Interface Law"
1
Cayeux, Eric, and Hans Joakim Skadsem. "Estimation of Weight and Torque on Bit: Assessment of Uncertainties, Correction and Calibration Methods." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23866.
Full textAbstract:
The efficiency of a drilling operation is to a great extent governed by how well one is able to optimize the rate of penetration (ROP) throughout each stage of the operation. ROP optimization normally involves balancing drilling speed on the one hand with acceptable wear to the drill bit on the other. The bit lifetime is largely determined by the mechanical conditions at the bit-formation rock interface and the weight on bit (WOB) and torque on bit (TOB) provide important information related to the working condition of the bit. The accuracy of WOB and TOB measurements can thus become a determining factor for the overall drilling efficiency. Due to the low bandwidth of downhole mud pulse-based telemetry systems, the WOB and the TOB are generally derived from surface measurements, i.e. from the hook load and the top-drive torque. Field experience indicates that a WOB derived from surface measurements can be of limited accuracy, such as when surface measurements suggest a negative WOB even though the ROP is positive, or when high sampling rate and high precision downhole measurements confirm a large discrepancy between the memory recorded downhole data and the estimated values based on the measurements made at the level of the hoisting equipment and the top-drive. The reason for these inconsistencies is simply that there are numerous physical processes taking place between the bit and the surface measurements that are normally not accounted for when WOB and TOB are estimated. This paper reviews and analyses the sources of these deviations and models the physical processes in order to quantify the precision for which the WOB and the TOB can be ascertained using solely surface measurements. Methods are also proposed that compensate for certain side effects by utilizing real-time torque and drag and hydraulic calculations.
2
Lin, Shih-Chang, Fangang Tseng, and Ching-Chang Chieng. "Numerical Simulation of Protein Stamping Process Driven by Capillary Force." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33070.
Full textAbstract:
“Microstamping” is one of patterning techniques [1] developed to deliver thousands of samples in parallel onto a surface for use in biosensors and medical diagnostics and the inexpensive production of micropatterned arrays of active proteins is of interest. Successful print of these protein island arrays includes conformal contact between an inked patterned stamp and the surface of a substrate and the full control over the amount and distribution of protein solution transferred from the impregnated stamps. In most common design, stamper is made of a solid material and proper inking method is required. Martin et al [2] have created a microstamper constructed by forming the hydrogel in sequence within the narrow ends of machine-pulled capillary tubes. This paper studies the protein-filling (inking)/stamping/printing process by numerical computations for a proposed Array-Stamper Chip with embedded microchannels. (Fig. 1) The array chip consists of thousands of microchannels with their own stampers to deliver thousands of fixed size/shape liquid samples to a bottom chip by capillary force simultaneously. The transfer process and physics are analyzed by solving first principle equations, i.e. conservation laws of mass, momentum. Due to the symmetry design of the array chip, the analysis is performed for a representative stamp only (Fig. 1b). Stable and robust numerical approaches as volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method [3] for two phase homogenous flow model and the interface tracking technique in cooperation with Continuum Surface tension Force (CSF) Model [4] are employed to determine the shape of liquid/gas interface as well as the fluid flowing pattern. Figure 2 shows the entire protein transfer during stamping/printing process, the Stamper Chip is moved toward/touch/away bio reaction chip starting at a distance of 50 μm away. The process consists of (a) The liquid fluid forms a meniscus and tends to reach out at the tip of the microchannel from the Stamping Chip (Fig. 2a), (b) The droplet meniscus is formed and the Stamper Chip starts to be moved toward the bottom chip (Fig. 2b), (c) The Stamper Chip is touched down and then is pulled up from the Bio-Reaction Chip, the liquid flows horizontally via the horizontal microchannels (Fig. 2c) and reaches the bottom chip, (d) part of the liquid is pushed upward and formed a small waist (Fig. 2d), (e) The Stamper Chip is moved further upwards with liquid slug of narrower waist (Fig. 2e), and (f) Stamper Chip is back to the original position with part of liquid broken at some point and left on the Bio-reaction Chip successfully. The controlling of the spot size left on bio-chip can be manipulated by physical properties of the filling protein, the inner/outer diameter of the microchannel, moving speed of the Stamper Chip, and the hydrophilic nature of the outer edge surface of the stamper. Two sets of physical properties are employed for computations (1) protein of low concentration with physical properties as water (2) 2mg/ml BSA concentration according to Fig. 3. Degree of hydrophilic nature with different liquid/gas/solid contact angle on stamper edge surface AB and the stamping speed do play significant role on the printing spot formation and size as shown in Table 1. Figure 4 shows that the size of printing size decreases with outer diameter of the microchannel. The detailed flowing process illustrate that the formations of the printing spot are resulted from forces interactions between the capillary flow formation process and stamper moving speed. In summary, numerical simulations not only give the suggestions for the array-stamper design with precise control of printing spot but also provide the physics and detailed information of the spot formation.
3
Liu, Jing, and Yang Yang. "Cryogenic and Fluidic Ways Lead to Low Cost Micro/Nano Devices." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82143.
Full textAbstract:
Building systems as compactly as possible has been a major theme in modern science and engineering practices. However, such enthusiastic endeavor often encounters big troubles due to high cost and complexity of the process it involves. Part of the reasons comes from the methodology itself, the fabrication, designing and characterization procedure etc. Among various disciplines to making micro/nano object, those enabled from the thermal and hydrodynamic science plays a rather important role. In this article, we will illustrate a cryogenic way for realizing a group of different micro/nano devices which can be implemented as mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, or optical functional units. The basic principle of the method lies in the formation of ice crystals in small area, from which micro/nano aqueous objects or signals transmitting across them can be blocked, manipulated and analyzed. In this way, a series of micro/nano devices such as freeze tweezer, ice valve, freeze-thaw pump, electrical or optical signal switch and micro thermal analyzer etc. can be developed via a rather simple and low cost way. As examples, some latest advancement made in the authors’ lab will be reviewed. Their innovative applications in a wide variety of micro/nano engineering fields will be discussed. Further, to illustrate the low cost way to directly manufacture micro/nano objects, we will explain a bubble fabrication method whose basic principle lies in the chemical reaction occurring at the fluidic interfaces between two or more soap adjacent bubbles. A unique virtue of the bubble is that it can have a rather huge diameter however an extremely small membrane thickness, whose smallest size can even reach nano scale. Therefore, the administrated chemical reaction in the common interface of the contacting bubbles would lead to products with extremely small size. Particularly, all these results were achieved via a rather straightforward way. The bubble builds up a bridge between the macroscopic manipulation/observation and the fabrication in small world. Several typical micro structures as fabricated in the lab will be illustrated. As a flexible, easily controllable, and low cost method, the bubble fabrication can possibly be developed as a routine strategy for making micro/nano structures in the near future.
4
Gatapova, Elizaveta Ya, Vladimir V. Kuznetsov, Oleg A. Kabov, and Jean-Claude Legros. "Annular Liquid Film Flow Under Local Heating in Microchannel." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75253.
Full textAbstract:
In our previous investigations the formation of liquid bump of locally heated laminar liquid film with co-current gas flow was obtained [1,2]. The evaporation of liquid was left out of account. Heat transfer to the gas phase was approximately specified by a constant Biot number [2,3]. The aim of this work is an investigation of the evaporation effect, the hydrodynamics and the heat transfer of liquid film flow in a channel 0.2–1 mm height. The 2-D model of locally heated liquid film moving under gravity and the action of co-current gas flow with low viscosity in a channel are considered. The channel can be inclined at an angle with respect to horizon. It is supposed that the height of the channel is much less than its width. Surface tension is assumed to depend on temperature. The velocity profiles for gas and liquid regions are found from problem of joint motion of isothermal non-deformable liquid film and gas flow. Using the findings the joint solution of heat transfer and diffusion problem with corresponding boundary condition is calculated. Having the temperature field in the whole of liquid and gas flow region we find a local heat transfer coefficient on the gas-liquid interface and Biot number as a function of flow parameters and spatial variables.
5
Yang, Shanglu, Wei Huang, Dechao Lin, Fanrong Kong, and Radovan Kovacevic. "Monitoring of the Spatter Formation in Laser Welding of Galvanized Steels in Lap Joint Configuration by the Measurement of the Acoustic Emission." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72224.
Full textAbstract:
Galvanized steels have been widely used in the different industries such as automotive, aerospace and marine industry, due to their high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. However, the zinc coating on the metal sheet offers a big challenge to the welding operation, specifically in the high-power laser welding process of the lap joint if the metal sheets are installed in a gap-free configuration. Spatters, one of the critical problems for the weld quality, is readily generated by the high-pressurized zinc vapor developed at the interface of two metal sheets. It takes extra procedures to clean the weld surface or repair the blowholes generated by the spatters. The on-line process monitoring is critical to assure the achievement of the high quality welds. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an on-line efficient monitoring system for the welding of galvanized steels. In the past few years, acoustic emission (AE) technique has been applied to monitor different manufacturing processes. This paper will highlight its application in the laser welding of galvanized steels. An AE signal acquisition system is used to real-time monitor the welding process. The results of the investigation show that the amplitude of AE signals varies with the welding process status. When the welding process is stable, the amplitudes of AE signals are almost constant and with the low intensity compared to the AE emission signals when the weld defects are presented. When the spatter is formed, a sharp spike with the high amplitude is shown in the collected acoustic emission signal. In order to extract the features of the AE signals in frequency domain, the acquired signal in time domain is further processed using Short-time Fourier Transformation (STFT). The STFT processed results indicated that the spatter-induced AE signals cover a wide range of frequencies and the background noise is mainly presented in the range below 100 Hz.
6
Ma, Qisheng, Wenjie Xia, Yongchun Tang, et al. "Novel Nano and Bio-Based Surfactant Formulation for Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Technologies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206288-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This investigation presents laboratory and field deployment results that demonstrate the potential candidacy utilizing Nano and bio-technologies to create superior chemicals for novel applications to increase oil recovery from both onshore and offshore reservoirs. Nano-technology is gaining momentum as a tool to improve performance in multiple industries, and has shown significant potential to enhance hydrocarbon production. The laboratory analysis and specifically designed coreflood results indicate there are beneficial interactions at liquid-nano solid interface that increase oil mobility. This will increase the surface activity of chemical surfactants and thereby make them the dominant agents to mobilize and recover oil from oil-bearing reservoirs. Advances in biotechnology offer another rich resource of knowledge for surface active materials that are renewable and more environmental-friendly. In addition, our studies also demonstrate that bio-surfactants are well-suited to provide superior performances in enhancing oil recovery. Nano-particles and biosurfactants may be included with synthetic surfactants to create novel and more efficient surface active agents for enhanced oil recovery. These formulations can promote better flow back of the injected stimulation fluids and additional mobilization to extract more oil from the matrix and micro-fractures. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the specialized surfactant formulations created, interact with mixed or oil-wet low permeability formations to produce additional oil. Furthermore, this investigation also compares the total production on a candidate field with respect to typical water flood and the novel formulated surfactant approach. For each surfactant treatment, the overall designed injected fluid volume is 1500 m3 (~ 396,000 gallons) with 4 gpt (gallon per thousand unit) of surfactant concentration. Results indicate improved oil production with longer exposure time of the key surfactants within the reservoir. Enhanced surface wetting and super-low interfacial tension (IFT) at lower chemical concentrations are recognized to be the main mechanisms. The novel surfactant also shows stronger sustainability and endurance in keeping rock surface wettability over traditional surfactant system up to 5 times for an 8 PV wash. Furthermore, this can assist to identify and initiate the optimization of the identified mechanisms for potential applications within other compatible reservoirs. A number of successful field applications of EOR with special formulated nano and bio-based surfactant formulation are discussed in this paper. This unique study bridges the gap between the field realized results and lab optimization to enhance feasibility as a function of time and cost.
7
Zhang, Xueping, Shenfeng Wu, and C. Richard Liu. "The Periodical Fluctuation of Residual Stress in Hard Turned Surface and its Relationship With Chip Formation." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50197.
Full textAbstract:
To evaluate the residual stress distribution along cutting direction in hard turning process, an explicit dynamic thermo-mechanical orthogonal Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed to consider the correlation between residual stress distribution and chip morphology and plough effect by cutting edge. The FEM adopts Johnson-Cook (J-C) model to describe work material property, the critical equivalent plastic strain criterion to simulate chip separation behavior, and the revised coulomb’s law to capture the friction pattern between the tool and chip interface. The FEM is validated by comparing the predicted and experimental chip morphology and residual stress distribution. The residual stress distribution in hard machined surface along cutting direction is accurately captured by using sharp and honed cutting edge tools. The residual stresses by sharp tool demonstrate a periodical characteristic, the fluctuation amplitudes are determined in the surface and subsurface along the cutting direction, and the fluctuation frequency corresponds to that of the saw-tooth chip. However, the residual stresses by honed cutting edge tool demonstrate an indistinct periodic characteristic, the fluctuation frequency in surface and subsurface is larger than that of the saw-tooth chip. Saw-tooth chip formation process by sharp tool is identified to analyze the residual stress scatter periodic mechanism, which associates with the fluctuation of cutting force and temperature. The plough process by honed cutting edge tool is identified to explain the equilibrium effect on the amplitude and frequency of residual stress scatter in hard turned surface and subsurface. The periodical fluctuation characteristics of residual stress in hard turned surface and subsurface is revealed and verified by determining its amplitude and frequency corresponding to that of the saw-tooth chip. The analysis will enhance the fatigue life prediction accuracy by incorporating the effect of residual stresses periodical fluctuation on the crack initiation and propagation life in hard turned surface and subsurface.
8
Hwang, J. Y., A. R. P. Singh, R. Banerjee, J. Tiley, and T. Y. Choi. "Processing and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Nickel Matrix Composites." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88223.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced nickel composites have been manufactured in a bulk form by using a laser deposition technique, commercially known as the laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) process. These nanocomposites have been characterized in detail by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM study has also been conducted on these nanocomposites to characterize the nanotube/metal matrix interface. In addition, the thermal conductivities of Ni/CNT composites deposited by the LENS™ process have been measured by using Fourier Law of conduction in vacuum. The measurement did not show enhancement of thermal properties, which is caused by the inherent formation of voids and carbide formed during the LENS™ process.
9
Bhalla, Kenneth, Lixin Gong, and George McKown. "Implementation of a Bottom-Hole Assembly Program." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29467.
Full textAbstract:
A state of the art windows graphical user interface (GUI) program has been developed to predict and design the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) performance for drilling. The techniques and algorithms developed in the program are based upon those developed by Lubinski and Williamson. The BHA program facilitates in conducting parametric studies, and in making field decisions for optimal performance. The input parameters may include: formation class, dip angle, hole size, drill collar size, number of stabilizers, stabilizer spacing. The program takes into consideration bit-formation characteristics and interaction, drill collar sizes, square collars, shock absorbers, MWD tools, reamer tools, directional tools, rotary steerable systems etc. The output may consist of hole curvature (build up or drop rate), hole angle, weight on bit and is presented in drilling semantics. Additionally, the program can perform mechanical analyses and solve for the bending moments and reactions forces. Moreover, the program has the capability to predict the wellpath using a drill ahead algorithm. The program consists of a mathematical model which makes assumptions of 2-D, static, constant hole curvature resulting in a robust computationally efficient tool that produces rapid reliable results in the field.
10
Rinaldi, Claudia, and Marco Mandelli. "The Role of Diffusion and Oxidation Kinetics in a Coating Life Prediction Code: Application to Components." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60063.
Full textAbstract:
Under the umbrella of an Italian R&D programme, furnace-cyclic tests of thermal barrier coating (TBC) specimens were carried out to study the coating/substrate interactions and to determine a quantitative description of the degradation as induced by diffusion and oxidation at the interface of TBC and the bond coat (BC). On the basis of these experiments a coating life prediction code was developed, which utilized two alternative approaches for the oxidation kinetics of BC: “phenomenological” oxidation law and “free kinetics” oxidation behaviour. In this paper, the capability is shown of the latter methodology to predict more reliably the oxide thickness, the formation of non alumina oxide and formation of Kirkendall voids. The model was tested for MCrAlY and MCrAlYRe bond coats deposited by different thermal spray processes on various alloys. Examples of predictions are shown together with some comparisons with the experimental findings on the exposed specimens or ex-service components. Finally the oxidation kinetics is discussed with regards to the influence of the presence of TBC on the oxidation process in BC, taking into consideration that alumina and Zirconia–Yttria properties and their interactions. The inverse problem solution (IPS) method was applied together with the developed code to estimate the local mean operating temperature on the component surface. Some examples of code application to ex-service components are also shown.