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Journal articles on the topic 'Bittering agent'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Negash, Abebe Worku, Belay Tilahun Tadesse, and Berhanu Andualem Tsehai. "Assessment and Determination of Bittering Agents, Essential Oils, and Antioxidants of Gesho (Rhamnus prinoides L. Herit) Collected from Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (February 22, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2425419.

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Rhamnus prinoides (Gesho) is an angiosperm dioecious plant, which is used for cash income, as a bittering agent for the preparation of the local alcoholic beverage and medicinal values. Although it has intense use, still its practical application is limited for local alcoholic beverage preparation, and there is no sufficient scientific report on the level and quantity of bittering agents, essential oils, and antioxidants of this plant. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess and determine the bittering agents, essential oils, and antioxidants of R. prinoides. The leaves of R. prinoides were collected from eleven different sample sites and allowed to sun dry and then powdered. It was further dried in an oven at 60°C for 1 h, and then, total resin, essential oils, alpha acid, iso-alpha acid, beta acid, flavonoids, and polyphenols of R. prinoides were determined. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Based on this study finding, (16.03 ± 0.03–17.05 ± 0.04%) total resins, (10.00 ± 0.08–11.23 ± 0.07%) soft resins, (5.65 ± 0.11–6.40 ± 0.35%) hard resins, (1.82 ± 0.11–3.14 ± 0.02 mg/l) alpha acids, (2.26 ± 0.15–4.15 ± 0.10 mg/l) iso-alpha acids, (2.62 ± 0.04–4.29 ± 0.08 mg/l) beta acids, (7.74 ± 0.11–12.47 ± 0.13%) essential oils, (23.00 ± 0.14–25.01 ± 0.09%) flavonoids, and (2.11 ± 0.01–2.41 ± 0.02%) polyphenols were obtained in the leaves of R. prinoides. R. prinoides leaves taken from Tikledingay has shown statistically ( P ≤ 0.05 ) significant amount of soft resin (11.23 ± 0.07%), alpha acid (3.14 ± 0.02 mg/l), iso-alpha acid (4.15 ± 0.10 mg/l), essential oils (12.47 ± 0.13%), flavonoids (25.01 ± 0.09%), and polyphenols (2.41 ± 0.02%) in comparison with other samples. Generally, R. prinoides is a good source of bittering agents, essential oils, and antioxidants. However, the quantity of bittering agents, essential oils, and antioxidants in the leaves of R. prinoides was varied with sample collection sites. So R. prinoides can be used as a substitute for commercial hops used in the breweries, and promotion should be done to introduce the potential of Gesho as a bittering agent, source of aroma and flavor, and also antioxidant for beer and other alcoholic beverages.
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2

Speranza, Giovanna, Daniela Monti, Sergio Crippa, Paola Cairoli, Carlo F. Morelli, and Paolo Manitto. "Kenyaloside, a Novel O,O,O-Triglycosylated Naphthalene Derivative from the Exudate of Kenyan Aloe Species." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 12 (2006): 1934578X0600101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600101203.

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A new naphthalene O,O,O-triglycoside, kenyaloside (1), was isolated from the dried exudate of Kenyan Aloe species, a bittering and laxative agent. Its structure was established by combined spectral and chemical methods as 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-3-(β-D-xylopyranosyloxymethyl)naphthalene.
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3

SUGIMOTO, Naoki, Kyoko SATO, Takeshi YAMAZAKI, and Kenichi TANAMOTO. "Analysis of Constituents in Jamaica Quassia Extract, a Natural Bittering Agent." Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 44, no. 6 (2003): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.44.328.

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4

Campbell, Sean Michael, and Brian J. Pearson. "Harvest Techniques for Hops (Humulus lupulus)." EDIS 2019, no. 6 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ep578-219.

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 Hops (Humulus lupulus) are perennial plants commonly harvested for their mature strobiles, also referred to as cones, which are primarily dried and used as a bittering agent and preservative in beer production. The two primary factors of harvest timing and harvest method can have large impacts on the quality and economics of the finished product. The decision of when and how to harvest is important and should rely upon growing-region-specific environmental conditions, physical observations of the cones, and the wants and needs of the individual producer. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department describes the primary methods used in hop harvesting, including field, indoor, and machine harvesting. Written by Sean Michael Campbell and Brian J. Pearson.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep578
 
 
 
 
 
 
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5

TADA, Atsuko, Naoki SUGIMOTO, Kyoko SATO, et al. "Examination of Original Plant of Jamaica Quassia Extract, a Natural Bittering Agent, Based on Composition of the Constituents." Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 50, no. 1 (2009): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.50.16.

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6

Sackmann, Paula, Juan C. Corley, Maité Masciocchi, and Gustavo Novas. "Effects of the bittering agent denatonium benzoate on the success of toxic baiting of pestiferous German wasps (Vespula germanica)." International Journal of Pest Management 56, no. 1 (2009): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670870903075022.

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7

Probst, Claudia, Mark E. Nelson, Gary G. Grove, Megan C. Twomey, and David H. Gent. "Hop Powdery Mildew Control Through Alteration of Spring Pruning Practices." Plant Disease 100, no. 8 (2016): 1599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1127-re.

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Podosphaera macularis, the causal agent of hop powdery mildew, is a recurrent threat to hops in the Pacific Northwest because of the potential to reduce cone yield and quality. Early-season pruning is a common practice in hop production for horticultural reasons. Studies were conducted over a 3-year period in a commercial hop yard to quantify the effect of pruning method and timing on disease development, yield, and cone quality factors. A 4-week delay in pruning reduced the incidence of leaves with powdery mildew from 46 to 10% and cones from 9 to 1%, with the specific effect being season dependent. Pruning using chemical desiccants rather than by mechanical means had similar effects on disease levels on leaves. On cones, though, chemical pruning had a small but significant reduction in the incidence of powdery mildew compared with mechanical pruning. Cone yield, levels of bittering-acids, and color were not negatively affected in any individual year or cumulatively over three seasons when pruning treatments were applied repeatedly to the same plots during the study period. Delayed pruning may offer a low-cost means of reducing both the incidence of powdery mildew and early-season fungicide inputs in certain cultivars.
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8

Huvaere, Kevin, Mogens L. Andersen, Karsten Olsen, Leif H. Skibsted, Arne Heyerick, and Denis De Keukeleire. "Radicaloid-Type Oxidative Decomposition Of Beer Bittering Agents Revealed." Chemistry - A European Journal 9, no. 19 (2003): 4693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305050.

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9

Stockman, J. A. "The Impact of Bittering Agents on Pediatric Ingestions of Antifreeze." Yearbook of Pediatrics 2011 (January 2011): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3954(10)79748-7.

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10

White, Nicole C., Toby Litovitz, Blaine E. Benson, B. Zane Horowitz, Lisa Marr-Lyon, and Marisa K. White. "The Impact of Bittering Agents on Pediatric Ingestions of Antifreeze." Clinical Pediatrics 48, no. 9 (2009): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922809339522.

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11

White, Nicole C., Toby Litovitz, Marisa K. White, et al. "The impact of bittering agents on suicidal ingestions of antifreeze." Clinical Toxicology 46, no. 6 (2008): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650802119700.

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12

Blanco, Carlos A., Isabel Caballero, and Martín Buffa. "Thermal Deterioration of the Trans-/Cis-Ratio of Bittering Agents of Commercial Beers." International Journal of Food Properties 14, no. 6 (2011): 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942911003650288.

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13

Sibert, J. R., and N. Frude. "Bittering agents in the prevention of accidental poisoning: children's reactions to denatonium benzoate (Bitrex)." Emergency Medicine Journal 8, no. 1 (1991): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.8.1.1.

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14

Gao, Chuan Hui, Li Ding, Yu Min Wu, Chuan Xing Wang, and Jun Xu. "Low-Cost Synthesis and Morphology Control of Magnesium Oxysulfate Hydrate Whiskers." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.986.

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A low-cost raw material, bittern obtained from the production process of sea salt, was used to prepare magnesium oxysulfate hydrate (MgSO4·5Mg (OH)2·2H2O, abbreviated as 152MOS) whiskers via hydrothermal synthesis with ammonia and magnesium sulfate as the other starting raw materials. The bittern was firstly filtered and then used directly without de-coloring. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the composition and morphology of the products. It was found that the 152MOS whiskers synthesized from bittern at 190°C for 3 hours exhibited fanlike morphology. The formation of the fanlike whiskers was inhibited and most of the whiskers presented as single fibers when ethanol was used as crystal control agent in the hydrothermal process. From the two-dimensional steps observed at tips of the whiskers, a possible growth mechanism was speculated that it was the extension of dislocations that made the growth of the whiskers.
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15

Lee, Sung Woo, and Jun Heok Lim. "Recovery of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide from the Waste Bittren." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1019.

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The recycling of magnesium chloride brines via a multi-step chemical reaction and precipitation process has been studied in waste bittern from a salt purification plant. In this study, the rates of particle (magnesium hydroxide) growth, the effects of initial concentration of reactants and optimum condition of reaction to make high purity magnesium hydroxide were investigated. Produced magnesium hydroxide was separated and washed using carboxy methyl cellulose as sedimentation agent, and used sodium stearate to prevent particle from aggregating. The mean particle size of obtained high quality magnesium hydroxide are 5 μm and concentration is 99.5%.
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16

Park, Jiyoon, Eunjin Bae, and Incheol Kim. "Development of an Eco-friendly Deicing Agent Using a Bittern and Lactic Acid Bacterial Culture Broth." Korean Journal of Community Living Science 31, no. 4 (2020): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2020.31.4.613.

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17

Wajima, Takaaki. "Synthesis of Fe-layered double hydroxide from bittern and its nitrate-ion removal ability." Clay Minerals 56, no. 1 (2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2021.17.

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AbstractNitrate contamination of surface waters and groundwater is one of the main problems associated with agricultural activities worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop effective materials and processes to remove efficiently excess nitrate from aquatic environments. Bittern is a seawater resource that contains large amounts of Mg2+ and Ca2+, and its utilization has received much recent attention. In this study, an Fe-type layered double hydroxide (Fe-LDH) product was prepared from bittern with the addition of an inexpensive agent (FeCl3) for nitrate removal. The greatest nitrate removal was obtained for synthesis conditions of pH 8.5–9.5 at 50°C for 0.5 h. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the product for nitrate was measured and fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The experimental data better fit the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity for nitrate was 0.40 mmol g–1, which was greater than those of other reported nitrate adsorbents. The product removed nitrate ions from a highly saline solution. The order of interference of anion species for nitrate removal was CO32– > SO42– > Br– > NO2– > Cl– > F–. The pH of the solution and removal of nitrate increased with increasing solution temperature because of ion exchange between the Cl– in Fe-LDH and the NO3– in the solution. Nitrate ions were repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed. The prepared Fe-LDH is expected to be a new inorganic anion exchanger for the removal and recovery of nitrate ions from aquatic environments.
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18

Camp, Richard J., Kevin W. Brinck, P. Marcos Gorresen, et al. "Current Land Bird Distribution and Trends in Population Abundance Between 1982 and 2012 on Rota, Mariana Islands." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, no. 2 (2015): 511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112014-jfwm-085.

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Abstract The western Pacific island of Rota is the fourth largest human-inhabited island in the Mariana archipelago and designated an Endemic Bird Area. Between 1982 and 2012, 12 point-transect distance-sampling surveys were conducted to assess bird population status. Surveys did not consistently sample the entire island; thus, we used a ratio estimator to estimate bird abundances in strata not sampled during every survey. Trends in population size were reliably estimated for 11 of 13 bird species, and 7 species declined over the 30-y time series, including the island collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquata, white-throated ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Mariana fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, collared kingfisher Todiramphus chloris orii, Micronesian myzomela Myzomela rubratra, black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus, and Mariana crow Corvus kubaryi. The endangered Mariana crow (x̄ = 81 birds, 95% CI 30–202) declined sharply to fewer than 200 individuals in 2012, down from 1,491 birds in 1982 (95% CI = 815–3,115). Trends increased for white tern Gygis alba, rufous fantail Rhipidura rufifrons mariae, and Micronesian starling Aplonis opaca. Numbers of the endangered Rota white-eye Zosterops rotensis declined from 1982 to the late 1990s but returned to 1980s levels by 2012, resulting in an overall stable trend. Trends for the yellow bittern Ixobrychus sinensis were inconclusive. Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus trends were not assessed; however, their numbers in 1982 and 2012 were similar. Occupancy models of the 2012 survey data revealed general patterns of land cover use and detectability among 12 species that could be reliably modeled. Occupancy was not assessed for the Eurasian tree sparrow because of insufficient detections. Based on the 2012 survey, bird distribution and abundance across Rota revealed three general patterns: 1) range restriction, including Mariana crow, Rota white-eye, and Eurasian tree sparrow; 2) widespread distribution, low abundance, including collared kingfisher, island collared-dove, white-throated ground-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, white tern, yellow bittern, black drongo, and Micronesian myzomela; and 3) widespread distribution, high abundance, including rufous fantail and Micronesian starling. The Mariana crow was dispersed around the periphery of the island in steep forested land-cover types. In contrast, the Rota white-eye was restricted to the high-elevation mesa. Only for the white-throated ground-dove was there a significant difference among cover types, with lower occupancy in open field than in forested areas. Vegetation was included in the best-fit occupancy models for yellow bittern, black drongo, Micronesian myzomela, and Micronesian starling, but vegetation type was not a significant variable nor included in the top models for the remaining five species: white tern, island collared-dove, Mariana fruit-dove, collared kingfisher, and rufous fantail. Given declining population trends, the Rota bird-monitoring program could benefit from establishing threshold and alert limits and identifying alternative research and management actions. Continued monitoring and demographic sampling, in conjunction with ecological studies, are needed to understand why most bird species on Rota are declining, identify the causative agents, and assess effectiveness of conservation actions, especially for the Mariana crow.
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19

TOVAR, Luis Raúl, Ma Eugenia GUTIÉRREZ, and Guillermo CRUZ. "Fluoride Content by Ion Chromatography Using a Suppressed Conductivity Detector and Osmolality of Bitterns Discharged into the Pacific Ocean from a Saltworks: Feasible Causal Agents in the Mortality of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico." Analytical Sciences 18, no. 9 (2002): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.18.1003.

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20

Huvaere, Kevin, Mogens L. Andersen, Karsten Olsen, Leif H. Skibsted, Arne Heyerick, and Denis De Keukeleire. "Radicaloid-Type Oxidative Decomposition of Beer Bittering Agents Revealed." ChemInform 35, no. 2 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200402185.

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