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Journal articles on the topic 'Branches of power'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Salun, S. N., and M. A. Avimskaya. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE DEGREE OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE BRANCHES OF STATE POWER IN MODERN RUSSIA." Post–Soviet Continent, no. 2 (December 9, 2023): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/23116412_2023_2_140.

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The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is actively working to improve domestic legislation. As a result of this activity, the composition and powers of state authorities have significantly changed, a number of which are endowed with new powers. In this regard, the mutual influence and the degree of independence of the branches of state power have significantly changed in Russia.The article presents an approach to assessing the degree of independence of the branches of state power, and the authors also propose a possible way to distribute the plurality of federal state bodies of the Russian Federation between the three existing branches of state power. For example, the justification that the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation belongs to the executive branch of state power.

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Iryna, Ierusalimova. "Implementation of the separation of powers in the USA Constitution in the historical and legal doctrine experiences." Legal Ukraine 5, no. 5 (2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2021-5(221)-1.

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This article provides a historical and legal analysis of the US Constitution adopted in 1787. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the principle of powers’ separation in the constitutional mechanism of the United States, which assumes clear organizational independence of the legislative, executive and judicial branches. According to J. Hart’s precised definition, «if all roads lead to Rome, then sooner or later all issues of American governance come down to the separation of powers» [8, p. 34]. The main feature of the rule of law is the delimitation of functions between the government branches. The basis of internal relations in the American state throughout its history is the principle of powers separation and, complementary to it, the principle of «checks and balances». Each of the government branches are characterized. Their role and place in the state system have been studied. It is emphasized that the US Constitution is a valid and universal legal document. It is concluded that the form of the state itself, the nature, and the entire content of its activities depend on the correlation, interaction and opposition of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of power. Key words: constitution, republic, rule of law, division of power, legislative power, executive power, judicial power, legislative power.

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Repetska, Anastasia. "Cooperation of the legislative and executive state of the state authorities in the aspects of the modern political system of Ukraine." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.192-197.

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One of the main characteristics of any political regime is the power correlation between the legislative and executive branches of state power. In a democratic environment, it should reflect a certain balance of branches of power.The Constitution of Ukraine has defined the principle of separation of power into legislative, executive and judicial (art. 6), each of them is independent from the other one and acts within its competence. Theoretically fixed in the Constitution principles of power separation aim between legislative and executive branches. However in the conditions of social-economic crisis, in which the country has been acting since 1990s, between multi-vectored political forces and striving of executive power for widening of its authorities, that is fixed in the Constitution, the presidential-parliamentary form of administration very often has led not only to constitutional cooperation of powers but to the competition between the President and executive power on the one hand, and Verhovna Rada, on the other hand. So, today the need for reconsideration of both the correlation of authorities and cooperation between branches of power in Ukraine has become obvious. Keywords: legislative branch of government, executive branch of government, cooperation, political system.

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GONCHARENKO, Yurii, Sergii KOVBASYUK, І. POLESCHUK, VIRA TEPTYA, and V. PRYADKO. "APPROACHES OF PROBING SIGNAL TYPE DETERMINATION OF MEANS LOCAL PROBING FOR THIS STUDY IS DEVOTED TO SUBSTANTIATING THE STRUCTURE OF THE DEVICE OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 305, no. 1 (2022): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-305-1-159-167.

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The structure of the device for diagnostics of technical condition of power transmission lines is considered in the work and its functional scheme is offered. The article describes the principle of operation of the diagnostic device according to the functional diagram. The scheme of power lines with three branches and timestamps from known places with inhomogeneities in the sounding of the main diagnostic device and the scheme of power lines with three branches and timestamps from known places that have inhomogeneities in the sounding of auxiliary sounding are considered. The proposed device for diagnosing the technical condition of power distribution networks is based on the method of processing a radar signal with frequency modulation of a continuous wave. Unlike existing devices, this device allows you to detect faults in certain areas of branched transmission lines; has low output power. The use of a software-tuned radio station in the development and production of a diagnostic device significantly reduces material costs. it is necessary to diagnose high-voltage power lines with a large number of branches, as well as to study areas of inhomogeneity with small amplitudes of reflected signals. This paper substantiates the structure and principle of operation of the location sensing device for assessing the technical condition of electrical distribution networks in ice. The novelty is the use of special broadband signals for sounding and their optimal processing, in determining the location of damage (heterogeneity) in the branched overhead power lines, which are the basis of the diagnostic device of the transmission line. The diagnostic device can become a basis for the creation of the modern all-Ukrainian dispatching point of the analysis of a technical condition and management of the equipment of electric networks by power supply lines.

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Repetska, Anastasiia. "Interaction of Institutes of Legislative and Executive Powers in Modern Ukraine." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 35-36 (December 20, 2017): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2017.35-36.351-356.

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Interaction between the institutions of state power ensures normal performing of their duties as entire state mechanism. It does not enable any of the branches of power. It is for this purpose that the founder of the division of power created a system of restraints and counter balances. To ensure their independence of one branch of government from another, it is necessary that each one has a real opportunity to influence another. Through the division of powers, the rule of law is organized and operates by legal means. At the same time, the principle of distribution of power is not so much a rigid division of functions and competences as the mechanism of their close interaction to solve problems of state formation. The interaction of the institutions of state power as the principle of the Constitutional system of Ukraine is currently a very topical problem, since our state is only at the prime of developing such institutions as an institution for the distribution and interaction of the branches of state power, and, therefore, needs the best possible solution to urgent problems. Keywords: Legislative branch of government, executive branch of government, interaction, powers of branches

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Keene, Derek. "Roots and Branches of Power, 1000–1300." London Journal 26, no. 1 (2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ldn.2001.26.1.1.

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Врањеш, Невенко. "Položaj uprave u sistemu podjele vlasti." Годишњак факултета правних наука - АПЕИРОН 4, no. 4 (2014): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/gfp1404186v.

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The concept of administration, administrative activities, demarcation and relations of administration with the other branches of government is subject to wider theoretical considerations as well as scientific and technical disputes. The paper deals with the position of administration within power-sharing. As democratic states follow the principle of tripartite division of powers on the legislative, executive and judiciary, the paper analysis in detail the relationship between the administration and those three branches of government. In this sense, article explores, whether an administrative activities can be referred to as a separate branch of power, or it is located on the area of executive power.

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Gáva, Krisztián, and András Téglási. "The Role of the Branches of Powers in Law-Making in Hungary." Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego 67, no. 3 (2022): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.03.22.

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In Hungary legislative power rests with the National Assembly. According to the Fundamental Law of Hungary the authority to pass legislation is vested in the National Assembly, the supreme body of popular representation. This paper gives a general overview of the role of the branches of powers in law-making in Hungary. We introduce the role of the legislative power in law-making, the role of the executive power, the role of the judicial power in law-making, and finally the role of the President of the Republic in legislation.

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Yang, Chun Mei, Sheng Tong Yu, and Chang Qing Ren. "Design of Large Branches Grinder Based on the Using of China's Biomass Power Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1298.

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The research of the large branches grinder is based on the requirements of China's biomass power generation to branches timber local processing. According to China's specific national conditions, the design of the existing branches grinder has been improved. By increasing the wooden grasping manipulator improves feeding efficiency and automation. The transmission mode of branches grinder has been changed. Switching to big diesel engine to drive it overcame the existing branches grinder’s dependence on electricity. Increasing the trailer chassis make it moved freely, which made the branches grinder crush the branches local.

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Vinogradov, A. V., A. A. Lansberg, A. V. Vinogradova та N. S. Sorokin. "ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE FLEET OF POWER TRANSFORMERS WITH А HIGHER VOLTAGE OF 6-10 kV OF THE BRANCHES OF THE POWER GRID COMPANIES OF PJSC “ROSSETI CENTER” AND PJSC “ROSSETI CENTER AND PRIVOLZHYE”". Vesti vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Chernozem ya 19, № 2 (2023): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53015/18159958_2023_19_2_16.

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The paper analyzes the technical and operational characteristics of power transformers with а higher voltage of 6-10 kV, operated in 20 branches of the power grid companies of РJSС “Rosseti Center” and РJSС “Rosseti Center and Privolzhye”. To conduct the study, data from the Department of Technological Development and Digitalization on the characteristics of transformers as of 2022 were used. It was revealed that only 20 branches have 194921 power transformers with a high voltage of 6-10 kV. The largest number of 6-10 kV power transformers in the amount of 92089 units have been in operation for 25-50 years, which is 47% of the total. Data on the distributions of power transformers by design and rated power have also been studied. The arithmetic mean value of power transformers 6-10 kV for branches is 192 kVA. The most widespread are outdated power transformers of the TM and TMG types, which account for 62% and 19% of the total fleet. The total share of power transformers of these designs in branches is within 85% -98%.

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Felix, Emmanuel, Justinian Anatory, and Mussa M. Kissaka. "The Influence of Branches in The Performance of Power-line Communication Systems that Use Mc-Coma with Reed Solomon Coding." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 32, no. 2 (2009): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v32i2.443.

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Power-line network is proposed as an infrastructure for Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs)services provision. However, there are a number of factors that contribute greatly to power-line communication performance degradation. These include number of branches that can be added or removed from the power- line network, lengths of the branch lines, loading etc. It has been pointed out that the number of branches is one of the factors that affects power-line performance to a certain extent. In this paper the influence of number of branches on the performance of Broadband Power-line communication (BPLC) that uses MC- CDMA modulation scheme with Reed Solomon coding is investigated. It is shown that with substantial number of branches at a particular node in power-line a performance BER of 10-6 at SNR of about 25dB with channel capacity of 300Mb/s can be attained

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SLUSARENCO, Svetlana, and Veronica POZNEACOVA. "General characteristic of the presidential institution." Revista Națională de Drept 10-12, no. (240-242 (2020): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4471685.

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The President is an important figure in the state. The importance of this institution of the constitutional law can be determined in the process of analyzing the President’s rights and abilities. In the legal doctrine, we cannot find an opinion recognized by all researchers that refers to the position of the President in the branches of the state power. Some scientists think that the President is the part of executive power, but others claim that he is a mediator of powers in the state. The purpose of this article is to analyse the President’s prerogatives, to analyse his place in the state’s branches of power and to find the best way of choosing the President in our country

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Silaghi, Helga, Laura Coroiu, E. Gergely, Liliana Doina Măgdoiu, M. Romocea, and R. Ivan. "Application of Principle of Power Deliveries Settlement for 330 KV Electric Power Network." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 22, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2022-0008.

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Abstract Distribution of active and reactive power between consumers raises the problem of participation of each power station in supply of loads and determining flows of power from each generator trough branches of an electric power network. Interest of this problem mainly is chosen by the development of open access market in power systems. In this paper a method is reviewed of determination of settlement factors, which is based on finding the trace in oriented graph, and allows, with the number of cycles equal with the number of generator nodes, determine the part of active power, which flow from each generator through branches of electric network to load node.

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Akhmedshayeva, Mavlyuda. "THE THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS AND SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ITS FORMATION." Review of Law Sciences 7, no. 4 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2023.7.4./cbtb5436.

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The principle of separation of powers implies the division of state power, which is unified by its source, into three mutually independent branches. Each of the branches of power is responsible for an important area of state activity and, at the same time, exercises control over the conduct of activities within the authority of other branches of power, which is ensured by the mechanism of “checks and balances.” In this regard, the analysis of some theoretical issues related to the history of the formation and development of the theory of separation of powers will serve to proper understanding of the content and essence of this principle and determine its place in the organization of effective state power. Consequently, the original ideas that form the core of the theory of separation of powers appeared in the political and legal thought of the ancient world, which was refined over the centuries and later formed into a unified theory. John Locke and Montesquieu are recognized as the founders of this theory. Despite the fact that this theory was created quite a long time ago and has already been established as a principle of the formation of state power, disputes about the origin of this principle, its content, and its meaning in scientific communities do not stop; the views are quite contradictory. The article analyzes some aspects of these issues from the point of view of the theory of state and law.

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Costa, A. S., E. M. Lourenco, and K. A. Clements. "Power System Topological Observability Analysis including Switching Branches." IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, no. 3 (2002): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.4312067.

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Costa, A. S., E. M. Lourenco, and K. A. Clements. "Power system topological observability analysis including switching branches." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 17, no. 2 (2002): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2002.1007889.

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Zhou, Ke, Ying Deng, Wei He, and Xia Zhang. "Power Allocation Algorithm Based on QoS Strategy in Power-Line Communication." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.450.

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In order to maximize low power-line channel capacity within the limited transmission bandwidth, a new transmitting power allocation algorithm based on the quality of service (QoS) strategy is proposed in this paper.Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered to support remarkable capacity of power-line channel. In order to derive the closed form expression of the maximum channel capacity in an OFDM power communication system, the relationship between channel capacity, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and modulation scheme is analyzed.Furthermore, some influence factors of power-line channel capacity, such as branches number, branches length and end-load impendence are analyzed in this paper. Simulation result shows that the mainly factors that affect the channel capacity of low power-line are branch number and load impendence; the performance of proposed algorithm is superior to the existed water-filling algorithms at the same SNR.

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Yu, Sheng Tong, Chun Mei Yang, Chang Qing Ren, and Ge Luo. "Cutting Force Analysis of Large Branch Crusher Based on the Finite Element." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.900.

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At present, our country has stepped up efforts to develop biomass power generation. However, due to the mill not in-depth study of cutting forces and factors in the design of branches crusher which led to the branches crusher can not meet domestic branches of biomass power generation’s demand to raw materials. In the article, the cutting force of the branches grinding has been studied based on BX218 branches crusher. The formula for calculating the cutting force has been deduced. The factors that affect the cutting force have been identified. Finally, ANSYS finite element analysis carried out on the Flying, which is effected by the cutting force.

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BAY, Yuly, Vladimir RUDNIK, Igor RAZZHIVIN, Anton KIEVETS, and Mikhail ANDREEV. "Full Probabilistic Characteristics of Power Losses in the Electrical Power System Branches." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 68, no. 3 (2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108004.

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Roisman, Shalev Gad. "The Limits of Formalism in the Separation of Powers." Journal of Legal Analysis 16, no. 1 (2024): 178–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jla/laae007.

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Abstract Formalism is the dominant mode of separation of powers analysis on the Supreme Court and one of two paradigmatic approaches in the academy. It seeks to resolve disputes between Congress and the President by asking which branch has exclusive power over the relevant matter. This method is thought to work because, if one branch has exclusive power over the matter, then, by definition, the other branch does not. Although this method is coherent and workable in some relatively straightforward cases, it is of no use in areas where both branches’ “exclusive” powers overlap—as formalists routinely concede is possible. This is a major problem because almost all the disputes that actually arise today involve areas of overlapping power. In such cases, both branches have relevant power to act and come into conflict. This Article argues that separation of powers formalism has never built—and can never build—a coherent method that tells us which branch to prioritize in such instances. These are the limits of formalism in the separation of powers. Formalism might help us understand some uncontroversial separation of powers questions, but it cannot resolve the disputes that actually matter today.

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Kovacova, I., and D. Kovac. "Designing the optimal number of active branches in a multi-branch buck-boost converter." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 4 (July 2, 2025): 44–52. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2025.4.06.

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Introduction. Multi-branch buck-boost converters, widely used in energy conversion from alternative sources, offer significant advantages over single-branch configurations. Critical, however, is the question of the appropriate number of branches for optimal efficiency and the given output power of the converter. The novelty of the proposed work consists in the development of a precise method for determining the optimal number of branches in a multi-branch buck-boost converter for a specified output power. Additionally, the findings enable the development of adaptive control strategies that dynamically adjust the number of active branches based on the converter’s instantaneous power. This approach enhances the overall efficiency of the converter. Goal. The study aims to analyze the efficiency of multi-branch buck-boost converters, focusing on the optimal number of branches and the required output power. Methods. The problem was addressed through a theoretical analysis of the converter’s electrical equivalent circuit. The theoretical results were validated through practical measurements conducted on a prototype converter. Results. A detailed equivalent circuit for the converter was developed and analyzed for various operational modes. Based on this analysis, the converter’s losses were quantified, and a relationship was derived to determine the optimal number of parallel branches, taking into account the desired output power. Practical value. The findings provide guidelines for selecting the optimal number of branches in a multi-branch buck-boost converter based on the desired output power. Furthermore, they enable the implementation of adaptive switching strategies to maximize the converter’s efficiency. References 22, table 2, figures 20.

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Zhang, Xiaoqin. "Transient Calculation of Electric Power Circuits with Special Reference to Magnetizing Nonlinearity." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 06 (2016): 1650054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500547.

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This paper proposes a realistic model of magnetizing branches for transient calculation of electric power circuits. The model represents the nonlinear relationship between flux linkage and exciting current of magnetizing branches with a major loop and a family of minor loop trajectories, which has the capability of simulating the multi-valued hysteresis behavior. By applying the proposed model to transient calculation, an efficient algorithm is developed for obtaining the transient responses in electric power circuits. In the algorithm, the electric power circuit is divided into the magnetizing branches and the remaining linear part. The nonlinear differential equations are set up for the magnetizing branches and solved by the semi-explicit Runge–Kutta method. The transient calculation for the remaining linear part is performed on the basis of the solution to the magnetizing branches. Then, a laboratory measurement is made with a reduced-scale experimental arrangement. The measured results are compared with the calculated ones and a reasonable agreement is shown between them.

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Kosař, David, Jiří Baroš, and Pavel Dufek. "The Twin Challenges to Separation of Powers in Central Europe: Technocratic Governance and Populism." European Constitutional Law Review 15, no. 3 (2019): 427–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019619000336.

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Separation of institutions, functions and personnel – Checks and balances – Hungary, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia – Short tradition of separation of powers in Central Europe – Fragile interwar systems of separation of powers – Communist principle of centralisation of power – Technocratic challenge to separation of powers during the EU accession – One-sided checks on the elected branches and empowering technocratic elitist institutions – Populist challenge to separation of powers in the 2010s – Re-politicising of the public sphere, removing most checks on the elected branches, and curtailing and packing the unelected institutions – Technocratic and populist challenges to separation of powers interrelated more than we thought

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Can, Ibrahim, Hamit Cihan, Erdal Ari, and Serdar Bayrakdaroglu. "Comparison of the Velocity and Power Parameters During Loaded-Squat Jump Exercise of National Athletes in Different Branches." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 5 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i5.3132.

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The aim of this investigation is to compare velocity and power variables during loaded-squat jump (SJLoaded) exercise of national athletes dealing with different sports branches and to identify whether velocity and power parameters become different or not according to branches. In accordance with this purpose, a total of 36 national athletes (age: 20.3±1.68 years; height: 173.5±6.46 cm; weight: 72.3±10.29 kg) composed of 12 wrestlers (age: 19.5±.90 years; height: 172.3±6.19 cm; weight: 75.5±13.9 kg), 12 arm wrestlers (age: 20.5±2.02 years; height: 174.7±4.76 cm; weight: 72.6±8.31 kg) and 12 kickboxers (age: 20.7±1.81 years; height: 173.5±8.29 cm; weight: 68.9±6.94 kg) dealing with different sports branches have voluntarily participated in this study. For identifying velocity and power parameters, SJLoaded exercise was executed with an external load that corresponds to 40% of body weights of the athletes by utilizing an isoinertial velocity transducer (T-Force dynamic measurement system) and values of mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP) were determined. All data analyzes were performed in the SPSS 16.0 statistical program. Firstly, in order to analyze data, it was determined that the data indicated normal distribution by looking at the Shapiro-Wilk coefficient regarding the normality of the distribution of the data. Therefore one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was utilized to identify statistical significant differences among athletes competing in different branches with regard to the velocity and power variables during the SJLoaded exercise. According to analyze results, no statistical significant difference wasn’t seen among branches with regard to MV [f (2.33) = 1.306], MPV [f (2. 33)=2.195], PV [f (2. 33)=2.242], MP [f (2. 33)=1.225], MPP [f (2. 33)=2.787] and PP [f (2. 33)= 2.607] parameters during SJLoaded exercise (p>0.05). The velocity and power parameters obtained in the SJLoaded exercise don’t differ according to the branches.

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Melik, Jelka, and Mateja Jeraj. "The Diverse Use of Archives of the Third Branch of State Power." Atlanti 26, no. 2 (2016): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.26.2.143-152(2016).

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The basic idea of the classic doctrine of separation of powers in the modern world, both in the legislative and executive branches of the state power, exceeded. Among all branches, in the judicial there were the least changes. Its role is becoming the most significant because of the control over the executive (administrative courts) and the legislative branch (Constitutional Justice). Because of this fact, archival records of the third branch of government are very important and irreplaceable in identifying and researching the past, searching and protecting the rights of natural and legal persons and solving professional issues. Judicial power is implemented primarily by courts, which are bound only by the law. Although they are state institutions, they are in general independent from the other branches of government, of the legislative with executive branch. Court‘s decisions directly affect the rights of different individuals and resolve disputes that arise between them. The most important juridical archives are court records, which are an important source for scientific research, legislation, literature and publications.

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Monticelli, A., and A. Garcia. "Modeling zero impedance branches in power system state estimation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 6, no. 4 (1991): 1561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.117003.

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Iomin, Alexander, Vicenç Méndez, and Werner Horsthemke. "Comb Model: Non-Markovian versus Markovian." Fractal and Fractional 3, no. 4 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract3040054.

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Combs are a simple caricature of various types of natural branched structures, which belong to the category of loopless graphs and consist of a backbone and branches. We study two generalizations of comb models and present a generic method to obtain their transport properties. The first is a continuous time random walk on a many dimensional m + n comb, where m and n are the dimensions of the backbone and branches, respectively. We observe subdiffusion, ultra-slow diffusion and random localization as a function of n. The second deals with a quantum particle in the 1 + 1 comb. It turns out that the comb geometry leads to a power-law relaxation, described by a wave function in the framework of the Schrödinger equation.

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Roidatus Shofiyah. "Trias Politica di Indonesia : Kajian Perbandingan dengan Konsep Fiqih Siyasah." JISPENDIORA Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Pendidikan Dan Humaniora 3, no. 3 (2024): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.56910/jispendiora.v3i3.1991.

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This study aims to analyze the application of the Separation of Powers concept in the Indonesian political system and compare it with the concept of Fiqh Siyasah in Islam. The Separation of Powers theory was first introduced by the French philosopher Montesquieu in the 18th century, dividing state authority into three main branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. This research examines how this concept is applied in the Indonesian political system and compares it with the distribution of power in Fiqh Siyasah, which also divides state power into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The study further explores the relationship between these two concepts by examining the practices of governmental powers in Indonesia and their connection to the principles of Fiqh Siyasah. The findings indicate that there is a convergence in some aspects of the application of Separation of Powers in Indonesia with Fiqh Siyasah in Islam, but challenges in implementation require further development to achieve an effective balance between state institutions.

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Гунько, І. О., С. О. Кудря, В. О. Комар, and П. Д. Лежнюк. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND ALGORITHM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGIN OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM." Vidnovluvana energetika, no. 2(77) (July 1, 2024): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36296/1819-8058.2024.2(77).6-12.

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The article deals with the development of a method and algorithm for calculation of individual compo-nents of electricity flows in the branches of an electric power grid circuit caused by generation and con-sumption in its nodes. In particular, it is about estimating the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity consumption of a given consumer. The method is based on methods and algorithms for the calculation of steady-state modes of power grids, integrating a mathematical model for determining the components of current flows in the branches of the power system circuit. The model employs distribution coefficients of currents in the circuit branches from RES nodes and node voltages to form a matrix of cur-rent distribution coefficients for RES across the power grid branches. Since RES in electric power systems (EPS) use general power grids to transmit the electricity they generate, accurate determination of their power share within overall flows enables the impact of RES on the EPS mode parameters to be considered. The peculiarity of the algorithm for estimating the share of RES in the electricity consumption of a given consumer is its consideration of physical processes in the power system. The input data for the calculation are the power system parameters, the node loads (specified by capacity or schedules), as well as arrays of RES generation and centralized power supply nodes and consumers with a controlled value of the Guar-anteed Origin of electricity from RES. The voltages during the formation of the matrix of power distribu-tion coefficients at nodes along the branches of the power grid are determined by the calculation results of the power grid steady-state modes or by experimental measurement data. The method's efficacy and the accuracy of estimating the RES share in the power consumption of a given consumer are verified and demonstrated through a practical example. Determination of the share of the consumer's electricity con-sumption, which origin from renewable sources can be guaranteed, creates an enabling environment that would foster producers and consumers to increase the use of renewable energy sources and promotes the development of the green energy market. Ref. 18. Fig.3.

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Purić, Sveto, and Milan Rapajić. "ODNOS CENTRALNE BANKE I GRANA DRŽAVNE VLASTI." Glasnik prava IX, no. 1 (2018): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/gp.0901.39p.

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Highly regulated legal relations in a single legal system reflects the level of legal culture of a nation. When it comes to standardizing the relationship between the branchеs of government and other subjects of the political system and the public, regulatory bodies and independent institutions that have a considerable degree of autonomy in their work and this is a sensitive issue. States authorities must fulfill their functions of creating the law, its execution, and creating a general national policy (and the creator of that creation is executive power) whose element is also economic policy. In this paper, the authors pay attention to defining a branches of power, starting from the triple division of functions of state power into legislative, judicial and executive. It is pointed out that there are different types of organizations, primarily the executive, ie parliamentary, presidential, semi-presidential and аssembly system Relations between the branches of government and the central bank are different in the legal systems. This has to do with the system of government organization and democratic relations in society. The primary function of the modern central bank is to control the supply of money and credit conditions in the country. The Central Bank is responsible for the conduct of monetary policy and in the achievement of its objectives it must not be blocked by two political branches of government: legislative and executive. The executive has the greatest responsibility for the state of the nation, and thus in some legal systems it still has a major impact on the central bank's staff structure.

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Jenart, Cedric, and Mathieu Leloup. "Separation of Powers and Alternative Dispute Resolution before the European Court of Human Rights." European Constitutional Law Review 15, no. 2 (2019): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019619000129.

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Alternative dispute resolution procedures before the European Court of Human Rights – The state agent, a member of the executive branch, tasked with representing the respondent state – Judicial and legislative branches of the respondent state limited or bound by concessions by the state agent – Convention framework effectively increases the power of the executive branch to the detriment of the other branches of government in the respondent state – Tension with national separation of powers – Possible solutions on a national and international level

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Vasilkova, Svetlana. "On legal status of Russian companies constructing power facilities abroad." SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219403012.

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The article concludes that the legal status of companies engaged in the construction of Russian power facilities abroad is determined precisely by the complex nature of legal regulation, which is carried out simultaneously by various branches and sub-branches of Russian law. Thus, the export of equipment from the Russian Federation and technologies that are used by companies during the construction of Russian power facilities abroad is regulated by the relevant regulatory legal acts of energy legislation and civil legislation, customs, economic, tax and other industries. The article provides examples from energy legislation and other branches of legislation, notes the specifics of regulating the legal status of such companies and the norms that enable them to invest in energy facilities abroad. Some directions for improving legislation in this respect are proposed.

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Aktaş, Samet, and Oktay Çakmakçı. "Examination of lower-upper limb of power and force parameters of elite athletes." Physical education of students 24, no. 6 (2020): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0606.

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Background and Study Aim. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the power and force parameters of lower and upper extremities of the individual and team athletes who practice different branches. Material and Methods. 32 elite athletes, most of whom are university students, with an average age of 21.16 ± 2.08, who are active in sports, participated in the study. The groups were formed from Boxing and Handball (BG and HG) branches in which the upper extremities are used predominantly and from Taekwondo and Football (TG and FG) branches in which the lower extremities are used predominantly. The anaerobic power values of each individual’s upper and lower extremities were measured by a Monark 894E. The isokinetic force values of dominant arms and legs were measured by a Cybex humac norm device. Results. After examination of the data it was found that the upper extremity power values of BG and HG were significantly higher than TG when the top values of peak powers (PP) were evaluated. In the evaluations with respect to leg 60°/s and 180°/s extension and flexion; HG and FG was significantly higher than TG in 60°/s extension at PP; HG and FG were significantly indifferent but they were significantly higher than BG and TG in 60°/s flexion at PP. In the comparisons of the groups’ 60°/s and 180°/s extension and flexion values of lower extremities anaerobic power and isokinetic force and lower extremities’ wingate values, a number of positive relations were found between all of the groups. All of the groups were positively related to each other in terms of upper extremities wingate and 60°/s, 180°/s internal and external isokinetic forces.  Conclusions. Both the isokinetic arm force values and arm wingate levels were higher in the branches in which the upper extremities are used predominantly than the branches in which the lower extremities are used predominantly. On the other hand, the difference seen in the upper extremities was not seen in the lower extremities.

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ГУНЬКО, ІРИНА, та ВЛАДИСЛАВ ЛИСИЙ. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ СПОЖИВАЧІВ ПОХОДЖЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ ВІД НИЗЬКОВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 341, № 5 (2024): 289–95. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2024-341-5-42.

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This article presents a method for assessing the share of electricity consumption of a particular consumer that is provided by renewable sources of energy (RES). In particular, we are talking about estimating the share of electricity of a particular consumer that it receives from low-carbon energy sources (LCES). Confirmation of the origin of the consumed electricity allows manufacturers to produce products with green labeling and/or improve the company's image among customers, investors, and partners. The method is based on methods and algorithms for calculating the steady-state modes of power grids. The method is based on a mathematical model for determining the components of electricity flows in the branches of the power grid circuit, which uses the coefficients of current distribution in the branches of the circuit from nodes with generation sources and nodal voltages. As a result, a matrix of power distribution coefficients in the branches of the power grid is formed. Since renewable energy sources, including renewable sources of energy (RSE) and nuclear power plants in electric power systems (EPS), use general-purpose power grids to transmit the electricity they generate, determining their share of power in the flows allows us to take into account the influence of different generation sources on the parameters of the EPS mode. In this paper, we calculated the steady-state mode of a 14-node circuit with different voltage classes (110 kV and 220 kV) and different energy sources, including renewable energy sources. In particular, by calculations using the method of guaranteed power origin, power flows in the branches of the electrical circuit and power losses in them were determined. The results of computer modeling in the Power Factory software package are commensurate with the results of calculations, which confirms the adequacy of the method.

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Turdiev, Khayitjon. "ISSUES OF INFLUENCE OF RELATIONS OF THE BRANCHES OF POWER FOR THE FORM OF STATE GOVERNMENT." Jurisprudence 2, no. 4 (2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.4./axih7977.

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This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of public administration in the effective implementation of the principle of separation of powers. The problem of rational balance between parliament and government in the system of state power is relevant today. The relationship between the legislature and the executive is an important tool that directly affects the form of governance of each state. According to the author, the control and interaction of the branches of government without acting as an observer is important in the implementation of the state mechanism, but in the process, the branches of government must exercise their powers independently. The author also divides modern models of these relations into the following types depending on the principle of separation of powers and the principle of mutual balance and restraint: presidential, parliamentary and mixed. Analyzing the best practices of foreign countries and the approaches of legal scholars to the form of governance, given the specifics of the form of governance of the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of functions, tasks and powers of the branches of government and the level of responsibility and mutual control.

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Mross, Emily. "Book Review: Presidential Power: Documents Decoded." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 3 (2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.3.6628.

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Debates of presidential powers are often tied to the founding documents of the United States of America and the documents produced by those who have held its highest office. Presidential Power, therefore, is a natural fit for ABC-CLIO’s Documents Decoded series. The introduction does a thorough job of explaining both the nuances of expressed and implied presidential powers as defined (or not) by the Constitution, and how these powers are expanded or constrained by the branches of government using concrete examples from US history.

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Abdusalimovich, Makhmudov Alisher. "THE ROLE OF THE PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE POWER." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 6, no. 12 (2024): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue12-08.

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This article examines the role and position of the prosecutor’s office within the system of state power, highlighting its historical, functional, and structural characteristics across various legal systems. It explores diverse models of prosecution in different countries, emphasizing the unique features of the prosecutor’s office in ensuring legality, overseeing the enforcement of laws, and maintaining a balance of power. The study classifies prosecutorial systems based on their integration within the executive, legislative, or judicial branches, as well as independent frameworks. Special attention is given to the prosecutorial system in Uzbekistan, analyzing its constitutional independence and its role in safeguarding legal order, democratic reforms, and human rights. The article underscores the importance of a centralized, politically neutral prosecutorial system to strengthen legality and maintain equilibrium among the branches of government.

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Kelarev, A. V., S. J. Quinn, and R. Smolíková. "Power graphs and semigroups of matrices." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 63, no. 2 (2001): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700019390.

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Matrices provide essential tools in many branches of mathematics, and matrix semigroups have applications in various areas. In this paper we give a complete description of all infinite matrix semigroups satisfying a certain combinatorial property defined in terms of power graphs.

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Azhari Sellomitha Fodhi, Eky Lestari, Tyara Fridayanti Nuramalina, and Ghaida Raisya As-Syifa. "Pentingnya Pemisahan Kekuasaan Dalam Mempertahankan Pemerintahan Yang Seimbang." JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 3, no. 3 (2024): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i3.3872.

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The division of power into three branches put forward by two experts called trias politica which is generally divided into legislative, executive, and judicial powers, the fourth branch put forward by Hans Kelsen in the statement of ensuring regime stability requires a fourth branch referred to as the Constitutional Court which is believed to be the guardian of the stability of the other three branches by maintaining the constitution in the party government and with this function can determine many other characteristics. By using a normative method that aims to understand and interpret the rules of law contained in the constitution of state administration in Indonesia, ensuring the suitability of each rule of law with the norms that apply in the context of writing articles on constitutional law. The data used in this paper is secondary data. This existence of a balanced government in the state administration ensures that there is a fair contribution of power in each power-sharing system with the aim of monitoring and balancing each other to prevent abuse of power and ensure the fulfillment of citizens’ rights.

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Makino, Sota, Takeshi Onishi, Akika Itoh, Issei Sato, Tomohumi Huzita, and Chihiro Kayo. "Sustainable Campus: Reducing Environmental and Financial Burdens by Using Pruned Branches for On-Campus Energy." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137480.

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Sustainability activities on university campuses are an important part of building a sustainable society. As a part of this effort, the present study quantitatively evaluated the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and disposal costs upon use of pruned branches for on-campus energy use in a Japanese university. The pruned branches are currently used off campus as fuel for biomass power generation, whereas the proposed systems include their on-campus use for heating through wood-chip heaters in a greenhouse or through wood stoves in buildings. The GHG balance was evaluated using a life-cycle assessment, and the cumulative costs over a 20 y period were estimated. Using pruned branches for on-campus heating was 70–180% more effective in reducing GHG emissions than the current off-campus power generation system. Using branches for heating eliminated the emissions produced by the transportation of pruned branches off campus and had higher thermal efficiency than power generation, which was conducive to the replacement of larger quantities of fossil fuel. In addition, the payback period of the proposed systems was estimated at 2 and 4 y for wood stove and wood-chip heater systems, respectively. For the 20 y period, the cumulative costs can be reduced by approximately 20%.

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Khunikakorn, Korn, and Sanchai Dechanupaprittha. "Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement for Monitoring of PEA Bowin Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.325.

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This paper presents an optimal method of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placement in Bowin area distribution grid of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) using the Improved Greedy Method (IGM) in order to achieve a minimum number of PMUs for complete observability of all bus voltages. The proposed method introduces the criteria of bus selection for PMU placement, regarding a number of branches connected to the selected bus as well as the length of those branches. Subsequently, the mismatches of the observed voltages resulted from the proposed method are compared with those resulted from the Depth First Search (DFS) using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and the original Greedy method (GDY) to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed placement methods. For the DFS and GDY methods, a bus with the highest number of connected branches is initially selected as the first PMU bus. However, if there is more than one bus, the first PMU bus will be randomly selected from those qualified. On the other hand, the PMU bus firstly selected by the IGM must have the highest number of connected branches as well as the minimum total distance or total impedance of all observable buses. The findings resulted from the IGM are the optimal PMU placement with the total distance of the connected branches less than the other methods, especially for, large-scale networks. According to the comparison results among the DFS, GDY and IGM, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the angle and the magnitude voltage of all buses resulted from the IGM is the lowest for a wide range of load conditions, while the MAE resulted from the DFS is the highest.

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Suliman, Mohammed Y., and Mahmood T. Al-Khayyat. "Power flow control in parallel transmission lines based on UPFC." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2290.

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The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a FACTS powerful device that can control both active and reactive power flow of parallel transmission lines branches. In this paper, modelling and simulation of active and reactive power flow control in parallel transmission lines using UPFC with adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The mathematical model of UPFC in power flow is also proposed. The results show the ability of UPFC to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines.

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Mohammed, Y. Suliman, and T. Al-Khayyat Mahmood. "Power flow control in parallel transmission lines based on UPFC." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1755–65. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2290.

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Voichuk, Alina. "THE SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 2004 CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM." Politology bulletin, no. 94 (2025): 141–51. https://doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2025.94.141-151.

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The article analyzes the system of checks and balances in Ukraine, which is an essential component of the separation of state powers. This system prevents the usurpation of power and ensures equilibrium among the branches of government. It has been established that the constitutional reform of 2004 significantly altered the distribution of powers in Ukraine, impacting the interaction between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. As a result of these changes, Ukraine became a parliamentary-presidential republic, whereby the powers of the Verkhovna Rada in forming the government were expanded. The article examines the powers of the President of Ukraine within the parliamentary-presidential model. It is demonstrated that the President lost the unilateral ability to appoint the Prime Minister, making the government more dependent on the parliamentary coalition. Nonetheless, the President retained certain levers of influence, including the right to veto legislation, the ability to dissolve Parliament under constitutionally defined conditions, and authority in foreign policy and national defense. It is shown that the Verkhovna Rada, in turn, gained more tools to oversee the executive branch, including approval of the Cabinet of Ministers’ composition, endorsement of the government’s program of action, and the ability to express a vote of no confidence. The judiciary was intended to play the role of arbiter in disputes among the branches of power; however, its independence remained constrained due to political influence. The study concludes that the 2004 reform was repealed in 2010 but reinstated in 2014, and its core principles continue to shape the modern system of checks and balances in Ukraine. The article highlights the critical role of judicial review in this mechanism, particularly in assessing the constitutionality of acts passed by the legislative and executive branches, thereby upholding the rule of law. Furthermore, decentralization, as part of subsequent reforms, has strengthened this balance by expanding the powers of local self-government bodies.

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Di, Shi Chun, Dong Bo Wei, Guan Xin Chi, Zhen Long Wang, and J. T. Jiang. "Research on Energy Saving EDM Pulsed Power Supply with Cyclically Superimposed Chopper Circuit." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.516.

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This paper presents an energy saving electrical discharge machining (EDM) pulsed power supply, the principle of which is introduced. This pulsed power supply possesses no current-limiting resistors used in conventional EDM pulsed power supplies and no energy storage inductors applied in most other energy saving pulsed power supplies. Direct current from DC power supply is chopped to form many branches of paralleling spike pulse currents and the current branches are then combined into the desired pulse current for EDM machining through cyclic superimposition. The calculation method of energy loss is then analyzed. The short-circuit and contrastive machining experiments proved that the new pulsed power supply was capable of performing stable machining with higher machining efficiency and less main-machining-circuit energy loss than those of conventional EDM pulsed power supplies.

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Zhi, Jing, and Yan Xu. "Rapid Identification of Key Lines in Power Flow Transferring with Two Branches Simultaneous Removal under Multiple Voltage Levels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.666.

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In order to avoid the cascading tripping caused by power flow transferring, a fast identification method of two branches simultaneous removal under multiple voltage levels was proposed. Calculate the per-unit value of element parameters under different voltage levels. Search the K shortest paths between the two nodes of broken line with the network topology considering the two branches removal and the value of K was optimized. Use the power flow transfer factor to estimate the power flow increment of lines on the path and the key lines in power flow transferring were obtained. The method is accurate and it is verified in the IEEE39 node system.

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Suliman, Mohammed Yahya. "Active and reactive power flow management in parallel transmission lines using static series compensation (SSC) with energy storage." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (2019): 4598. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4598-4609.

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<p>The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The Static Series Compensatior with storage energy, is a FACTS powerful device that can control the active power flow control of multiple transmission lines branches. In this paper, a simulation model of power control using static series compensator with parallel transmission lines is presented. The control system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The results show the ability of static series compensator with storage energy to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines. </p>

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Mohammed, Y. Suliman. "Active and reactive power flow management in parallel transmission lines using static series compensation (SSC) with energy storage." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (2019): 4598–609. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4598-4609.

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The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The Static Series Compensatior with storage energy, is a FACTS powerful device that can control the active power flow control of multiple transmission lines branches. In this paper, a simulation model of power control using static series compensator with parallel transmission lines is presented. The control system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The results show the ability of static series compensator with storage energy to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines.

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Nevinskiy, V. V. "The Essence of the Presidential Power in Russia in the Works Written by Prof. Ekaterina I. Kozlova." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 3 (2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.112.3.065-073.

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The paper is devoted to the study of academic views of Prof. Ekaterina I. Kozlova on the problems of essence, content and role of the presidential power in modern Russia. The author substantiates Prof. Kozlova’s opinion concerning: 1) objective conditionality of non-inclusion of the President of the Russian Federation in any branch of the state power; 2) conditional constitutional separation of the power of the President of the Russian Federation from the bodies of traditional branches of state power giving the presidential power an integrative function; 3) the essence of the power of the President of the Russian Federation (presidential power) as the totality of its constitutional representative powers and, in part, powers in the legislature, executive power, and judiciary. Some Prof. Kozlova’s views have been developed in the context of the author’s attitude to Prof. Ekaterina I. Kozlova ideas.

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Zhu, Zhifeng, Zhongqiu Zhu, and Linyan Zhang. "Grafting poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) branches onto the backbones of corn starch for toughening starch film." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 9 (2015): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0365.

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Abstract This work was undertaken to examine the effect of poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PATAC) branches grafted onto the backbones of starch on the toughening of starch film. A series of starch-g-PATAC samples having different levels of grafting ratio were prepared by the graft copolymerization of granular corn starch with ATAC in an aqueous system, using Fenton’s initiator through changing the weight ratio of the monomer to starch. The influences of grafted branches on the properties such as tensile strength, breaking elongation, work-to-break, bending endurance, moisture regain, swelling power, and solubility of starch film were evaluated by comparison with those of acid-treated starch (ATS). It was found that the branches were able to toughen starch film due to the significant increases in breaking elongation, work-to-break and bending endurance of the film. The branches were also able to increase its moisture regain, water swelling power, and solubility. In addition, the properties were dependent on the amount of the branches. Furthermore, the grafted starch was biodegradable when its grafting ratio did not exceed 7.5 wt%.

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