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Journal articles on the topic 'Building energy management systems'
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1
Yin, Hang. "Building Management System to support building renovation." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.37.
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Many publications have concluded that around 40% of the world’s energy costs are incurred in buildings. The biggest energy users in a building are facilities which cover 40% to 60% of the total energy cost. In recent years, construction work undertaken in building renovation and rehabilitation has increased considerably. Technical renovations have always brought better building management. Modern technology has a more user friendly interface as well as giving us the successful management of building systems and associated reduced costs. In order to implement more energy efficiency in existing buildings, Building Management System (BMS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) play important roles in the energy & cost savings of the building’s life. This paper emphasises the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support and justify essential building renovation that will improve a building’s performance and decrease annual energy costs. We will present an introduction to BMS and BIM ...
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Mataloto, Bruno, Joao C. Ferreira, and Nuno Cruz. "LoBEMS—IoT for Building and Energy Management Systems." Electronics 8, no. 7 (2019): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070763.
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This work presents the efforts on optimizing energy consumption by deploying an energy management system using the current IoT component/system/platform integration trends through a layered architecture. LoBEMS (LoRa Building and Energy Management System), the proposed platform, was built with the mindset of proving a common platform that would integrate multiple vendor locked-in systems together with custom sensor devices, providing critical data in order to improve overall building efficiency. The actions that led to the energy savings were implemented with a ruleset that would control the already installed air conditioning and lighting control systems. This approach was validated in a kindergarten school during a three-year period, resulting in a publicly available dataset that is useful for future and related research. The sensors that feed environmental data to the custom energy management system are composed by a set of battery operated sensors tied to a System on Chip with a LoRa communication interface. These sensors acquire environmental data such as temperature, humidity, luminosity, air quality but also motion. An already existing energy monitoring solution was also integrated. This flexible approach can easily be deployed to any building facility, including buildings with existing solutions, without requiring any remote automation facilities. The platform includes data visualization templates that create an overall dashboard, allowing management to identify actions that lead to savings using a set of pre-defined actions or even a manual mode if desired. The integration of the multiple systems (air-conditioning, lighting and energy monitoring) is a key differentiator of the proposed solution, especially when the top energy consumers for modern buildings are cooling and heating systems. As an outcome, the evaluation of the proposed platform resulted in a 20% energy saving based on these combined energy saving actions.
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Faddel, Samy, Guanyu Tian, and Qun Zhou. "Decentralized Management of Commercial HVAC Systems." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113024.
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With the growth of commercial building sizes, it is more beneficial to make them “smart” by controlling the schedule of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system adaptively. Single-building-based scheduling methods are more focused on individual interests and usually result in overlapped schedules that can cause voltage deviations in their microgrid. This paper proposes a decentralized management framework that is able to minimize the total electricity costs of a commercial microgrid and limit the voltage deviations. The proposed scheme is a two-level optimization where the lower level ensures the thermal comfort inside the buildings while the upper level consider system-wise constraints and costs. The decentralization of the framework is able to maintain the privacy of individual buildings. Multiple data-driven building models are developed and compared. The effect of the building modeling on the overall operation of coordinated buildings is discussed. The proposed framework is validated on a modified IEEE 13-bus system with different connected types of commercial buildings. The results show that coordinated optimization outperforms the commonly used commercial controller and individual optimization of buildings. The results also show that the total costs are greatly affected by the building modeling.
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Kamali, Saeed, Golrokh Khakzar, and Soolmaz Abdali Hajiabadi. "Effect of Building Management System on Energy Saving." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.333.
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Without any doubt, one of the most worldwide challenging and controversial issues in the current century is the energy problem. In most countries, the increase of energy consumption, especially in building, has made energy saving and efficiency strategies important target for energy policies. In general, there are many ways to save energy. The most common method of economizing is within culturalization. For such purpose, building energy management system (BEMS) is considered as the latest idea of energy. Having a dynamic environment, smart buildings are affordable by the integration of four main elements: systems, structure, service, management, and the relationship between them. Intelligent buildings provide these benefits through intelligent control systems. In this paper, while introducing the energy management in buildings, it studies their applications and also their effects on management and optimization of energy consumption. The office building in San Francisco, USA with 66,943 ft2 area is considered as a case study for this research. Energy consumption is reduced 50 percent by implementing BMS in this building.
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Katzenbach, Rolf, Frithjof Clauss, and Jie Zheng. "Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings with Well-Established Energy Management Systems." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 3 (2015): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2016.v4.287.
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Rey-Hernández, Javier M., Sergio Lorenzo González, Julio F. San José-Alonso, Ana Tejero-González, Eloy Velasco-Gómez, and Francisco J. Rey-Martínez. "Smart energy management of combined ventilation systems in a nZEB." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101050.
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The high energy consumption, attached to a high energy demand in buildings, has led the development of several research projects with the target of reducing the energy consumption in the buildings. As a result of this high consumption, the increased CO2 emissions that have been generated in recent years, have reached alarming levels, which is why it is necessary to reduce the environmental impact which we are contributing to our planet through the use of energy. The European Directive on Building Performance (EPBD 2018/844/EU), recently updated, requires new buildings to be close to the Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs), increasing the use of renewable energies on-site, and also highlight how to get to improve the cost-effective renovation of existing buildings with the introduction of building control and automation systems ( smart systems), as well as the energy savings and increase the efficiency of energy systems, by reducing CO2 emissions. The use of new renewable energy technologies integrated in buildings, with the aim of reducing the consumption of the facilities that all nZEB buildings must have, such as the ventilation system used as an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) control technique. In this study, the energy management of the enthalpy ventilation control system is analysed, where dynamic monitoring is going on in the building controlled through Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), in combination with different ventilation systems as free-cooling, heat recovery and geothermal energy of an Earth Air Heat eXchanger (EAHX), all of them as strategies implemented in a real nZEB building (LUCIA) located on the campus at the University of Valladolid, with the goal of improving energy efficiency in ventilation. In order to get this aims, monitoring data of several energy parameters (temperature, air velocity, air flow rate, enthalpy, etc.) are measurements, they allow us to perform a control of the combined ventilation systems to achieve a high IAQ and analyze an optimization of the energy efficiency of the all systems and to study of energy recovery and savings of carbon emissions that directly affect the reduction of the impact of climate change. The results achieved are the energy efficiency of the building in ventilation and optimum system operation in cooling and heating mode. In addition, by controlling the ventilation, the IAQ of the nZEB building is improved.
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Manic, Milos, Dumidu Wijayasekara, Kasun Amarasinghe, and Juan J. Rodriguez-Andina. "Building Energy Management Systems: The Age of Intelligent and Adaptive Buildings." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 10, no. 1 (2016): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2015.2513749.
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Motuzienė, Violeta. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE OFFICE BUILDING SYSTEMS’ MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE LONG-TERM MONITORING DATA." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (August 24, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17251.
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Climate change and its consequences pose an existential threat to Europe and the world, where more than 75% of the European Union’s greenhouse gas emissions come from energy production. For this reason, it is very important to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, as the building sector is one of the biggest energy consumers with an impact on the still untapped potential for energy savings. Although buildings are constructed and certified as energy efficient, their in-use consumption is often significantly higher than expected. Especially significant in energy consumption between design and actual consumption are found in office buildings. The higher energy consumption is due to factors related to the design and operation phases. Researchers often emphasize the management of a building’s engineering systems as one of the key factors influencing a building’s energy consumption. The article analyses the existing office building and evaluates the efficiency of its energy using systems’ management based on long-term monitoring data. After identifying which systems are managed inefficiently, several management strategies have been proposed and evaluated. It was found that with simple management strategies heating energy reduction is about 20% per year.
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Ntafalias, Aristotelis, Sotiris Tsakanikas, Spyros Skarvelis-Kazakos, et al. "Design and Implementation of an Interoperable Architecture for Integrating Building Legacy Systems into Scalable Energy Management Systems." Smart Cities 5, no. 4 (2022): 1421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040073.
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The building sector is responsible for a significant amount of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, the monitoring, control and optimization of energy consumption in buildings will play a critical role in the coming years in improving energy efficiency in the building sector and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, while there are a significant number of studies on how to make buildings smarter and manage energy through smart devices, there is a need for more research on integrating buildings with legacy equipment and systems. It is therefore vital to define mechanisms to improve the use of energy efficiency in existing buildings. This study proposes a new architecture (PHOENIX architecture) for integrating legacy building systems into scalable energy management systems with focus also on user comfort in the concept of interoperability layers. This interoperable and intelligent architecture relies on Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to increase building efficiency, grid flexibility and occupant well-being. To validate the architecture and demonstrate the impact and replication potential of the proposed solution, five demonstration pilots have been utilized across Europe. As a result, by implementing the proposed architecture in the pilot sites, 30 apartments and four commercial buildings with more than 400 devices have been integrated into the architecture and have been communicating successfully. In addition, six Trials were performed in a commercial building and five key performance indicators (KPIs) were measured in order to evaluate the robust operation of the architecture. Work is still ongoing for the trials and the KPIs’ analysis after the implementation of PHOENIX architecture at the rest of the pilot sites.
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Baniyounes, Ali M., Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, and Ayman Abu Baker. "Institutional smart buildings energy audit." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp783-788.
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<span>Smart buildings and Fuzzy based control systems used in Buildings Management System (BMS), Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) and Building Automation Systems (BAS) are a point of interests among researcher and stake holders of buildings’ developing sector due to its ability to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore this paper will review, investigates define and evaluates the use of fuzzy logic controllers in smart buildings under subtropical Australia’s subtropical regions. In addition the paper also will define the latest development, design and proposed controlling strategies used in institutional buildings. Furthermore this paper will highlight and discuss the conceptual basis of these technologies including Fuzzy, Neural and Hybrid add-on technologies, its capabilities and its limitation.</span>
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Eastwell, Andrew. "Building energy and management systems – A technical briefing." Structural Survey 8, no. 2 (1990): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000003216.
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Clarke, J. A., J. Cockroft, S. Conner, et al. "Simulation-assisted control in building energy management systems." Energy and Buildings 34, no. 9 (2002): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00068-3.
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Pojasek, Robert B. "Energy and water management systems: Building more silos?" Environmental Quality Management 18, no. 2 (2008): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.20208.
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Cai, Hanmin, Fazel Khayatian, and Philipp Heer. "Experiment strategy for evaluating advanced building energy management system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012030.
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Abstract Buildings are envisioned to play an active role in future low-carbon energy systems. The complexity of building energy management systems increases as they interface more and more subsystems and domains. As an important step to achieve a higher technology readiness level, these energy management systems need to be systematically tested in real-life conditions. Currently, there are no standard testing and experiment strategies in buildings to handle the mentioned complexity. Additionally, the levels of details reported in the existing experimental studies are heterogeneous. This paper summarizes an application of a holistic testing method to a flexible fully-equipped prosumer with the goal of facilitating test preparation, execution, replication, and comparison. Several empirical suggestions are provided, and a hybrid quantification strategy with digital twins is presented.
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Karadag, Ilker, and Aysem Berrin Cakmakli. "Interface of the Natural Ventilation Systems with Building Management Systems." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 51, no. 2 (2020): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.15700.
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The vertical city is increasingly being seen as the most viable solution for many urban centers. However, being vertical means constructing tall buildings which imply a large amount of energy requirement mostly due to the mechanical ventilation systems. Replacing these systems with natural ventilation is of importance on the way of achieving sustainable buildings and cities. However, there are many challenges in incorporating natural ventilation systems into tall office buildings. Because, having a far distance from the ground levels, tall buildings are exposed to turbulent and unstable wind conditions. Therefore, advanced technical systems to monitor/control a tall building is required even though natural ventilation is mostly considered a passive, low technological approach to condition a building. These systems utilize sensors to measure internal environmental conditions and external conditions of air temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and rain to utilize passive or active modes, based on the data received. To integrate such systems, in most cases, a hybrid approach is required to fill the gap between the natural and mechanical ventilation systems. Since, climate conditions may not be suitable for solely depending on natural ventilation throughout the year, using mechanical ventilation systems as a back-up to natural ventilation is mostly required. Based on this approach, this study presents advanced natural ventilation strategies of a number of buildings integrating Building Management Systems. Throughout the study, it is intended to guide further researches on natural ventilation and consequently to contribute to the environmental quality of urban areas and smart sustainable development of the cities.
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Zhang, Yajie, Behrang Vand, and Simone Baldi. "A Review of Mathematical Models of Building Physics and Energy Technologies for Environmentally Friendly Integrated Energy Management Systems." Buildings 12, no. 2 (2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020238.
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The Energy Management System (EMS) is an efficient technique to monitor, control and enhance the building performance. In the state-of-the-art, building performance analysis is separated into building simulation and control management: this may cause inaccuracies and extra operating time. Thus, a coherent framework to integrate building physics with various energy technologies and energy control management methods is highly required. This framework should be formed by simplified but accurate models of building physics and building energy technologies, and should allow for the selection of proper control strategies according to the control objectives and scenarios. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamental mathematical modeling and control strategies to create such a framework. The mathematical models of (i) building physics and (ii) popular building energy technologies (renewable energy systems, common heating and cooling energy systems and energy distribution systems) are first presented. Then, it is shown how the collected mathematical models can be linked. Merging with two frequently used EMS strategies, namely rule-based and model predictive controls, is discussed. This work provides an extendable map to model and control buildings and intends to be a foundation for building researchers, designers and engineers.
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Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė, Rasa, Vidmantas Jankauskas, and Violeta Motuzienė. "ENERGY BALANCE OF A LOW ENERGY HOUSE." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 3 (2012): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.691107.
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Currently, such topics as improvement of energy efficiency of buildings and energy systems, development of sustainable building concepts, and promotion of renewable energy sources are in the focus of attention. The energy efficiency targets of the European Union are based on information regarding energy consumed by buildings. The amount of energy consumed by buildings depends on the main influencing factors (namely, climate parameters, building envelope, energy systems, building operation and maintenance, activities and behaviour of occupants), which have to be considered in order to identify energy efficiency potentials and opportunities. The article aims to investigate the total amount of energy consumed by a low energy house, built in Lithuania, using a combination of energy consumption data received from a simulation and measured energy consumption data. The energy performance analysis in the low energy house revealed some factors that have the main influence on the total figures of energy consumed by the house. The identified significant factors were used to find the optimal solutions for the design of low energy buildings.
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Shabani, Aulon, Lindita Dhamo, and Orion Zavalani. "Modelling Building Energy Systems using Electric Circuit Analogy." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 1 (2023): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2023.7.1.491.
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Modelling energy systems is of great interest since it can help to analyse building energy behaviour and to optimize control strategies. Grey-box modelling is one of the three fundamental modelling approaches for developing energy models. Due to its simplicity and offering several benefits, it has been widely used to handle building-technology challenges such as building load estimate, control and optimization, synthetic data generation for prediction, load peak management and grid integration. This review research looked at several areas of grey box modelling for building energy systems. Here we analyse three main directions, first one is modelling thermal dynamics of buildings, second one analysing approach used to model most used building electrical appliances and third one is renewable systems used to produce thermal water for residential use.
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Baptista, J., G. Sequeira, and E. J. Solteiro Pires. "Evaluation of PV microgeneration systems and tariffs management on the energy efficiency of service buildings." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.218.
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The buildings' energy consumption increasing requires solutions to improve their energy efficiency, thus reducing the electricity bill's associated costs. This paper aims to study the load profiles of a service building and its optimization to reduce the costs related to electricity consumption. The electrical load profiles are analyzed, and the electrical equipment and its consumption are characterized. Moreover, to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy costs, a renewable energy system based on photovoltaic panels is sized and integrated into the building. The analysis of the building's consumption profiles allowed the PV system's dimensioning to eliminate power peaks, enabling a reduction in the contracted power. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, resulting in a reduction of the electricity bill.
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Hossain, Jahangir, Aida F. A. Kadir, Ainain N. Hanafi, et al. "A Review on Optimal Energy Management in Commercial Buildings." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041609.
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The rising cost and demand for energy have prompted the need to devise innovative methods for energy monitoring, control, and conservation. In addition, statistics show that 20% of energy losses are due to the mismanagement of energy. Therefore, the utilization of energy management can make a substantial contribution to reducing the unnecessary usage of energy consumption. In line with that, the intelligent control and optimization of energy management systems integrated with renewable energy resources and energy storage systems are required to increase building energy efficiency while considering the reduction in the cost of energy bills, dependability of the grid, and mitigating carbon emissions. Even though a variety of optimization and control tactics are being utilized to reduce energy consumption in buildings nowadays, several issues remain unsolved. Therefore, this paper presents a critical review of energy management in commercial buildings and a comparative discussion to improve building energy efficiency using both active and passive solutions, which could lead to net-zero energy buildings. This work also explores different optimum energy management controller objectives and constraints concerning user comfort, energy policy, data privacy, and security. In addition, the review depicts prospective future trends and issues for developing an effective building energy management system, which may play an unavoidable part in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Wang, Ling, Ru Mu, and Shu Ling Gao. "Development of Existing Residential Building Energy Saving Renovation Design and Management Systems." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3829.
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Based on the analysis of the trends of buildings energy consumption, the thought of system development for existing residential building energy efficiency renovation design and management is proposed. General thought of design, control processes of data, modules and functions of system is introduced. The evaluation and analysis of building energy consumption can be efficiently and accurately completed by the system, and then renovation program is designed and optimized, at the same time with resource sharing, scalability of system function.
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Mugnini, Alice, Gianluca Coccia, Fabio Polonara, and Alessia Arteconi. "Energy Flexibility as Additional Energy Source in Multi-Energy Systems with District Cooling." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020519.
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The integration of multi-energy systems to meet the energy demand of buildings represents one of the most promising solutions for improving the energy performance of the sector. The energy flexibility provided by the building is paramount to allowing optimal management of the different available resources. The objective of this work is to highlight the effectiveness of exploiting building energy flexibility provided by thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) in order to manage multi-energy systems (MES) through model predictive control (MPC), such that energy flexibility can be regarded as an additional energy source in MESs. Considering the growing demand for space cooling, a case study in which the MPC is used to satisfy the cooling demand of a reference building is tested. The multi-energy sources include electricity from the power grid and photovoltaic modules (both of which are used to feed a variable-load heat pump), and a district cooling network. To evaluate the varying contributions of energy flexibility in resource management, different objective functions—namely, the minimization of the withdrawal of energy from the grid, of the total energy cost and of the total primary energy consumption—are tested in the MPC. The results highlight that using energy flexibility as an additional energy source makes it possible to achieve improvements in the energy performance of an MES building based on the objective function implemented, i.e., a reduction of 53% for the use of electricity taken from the grid, a 43% cost reduction, and a 17% primary energy reduction. This paper also reflects on the impact that the individual optimization of a building with a multi-energy system could have on other users sharing the same energy sources.
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Liyanage, Don Rukmal, Kasun Hewage, Hirushie Karunathilake, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, and Rehan Sadiq. "Carbon Capture Systems for Building-Level Heating Systems—A Socio-Economic and Environmental Evaluation." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (2021): 10681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910681.
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The energy consumption of buildings contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Energy use for space and water heating in buildings causes a major portion of these emissions. Natural gas (NG) is one of the dominant fuels used for building heating, emitting GHG emissions directly to the atmosphere. Many studies have been conducted on improving energy efficiency and using cleaner energy sources in buildings. However, implementing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) on NG building heating systems is overlooked in the literature. CCUS technologies have proved their potential to reduce GHG emissions in fossil fuel power plants. However, their applicability for building-level applications has not been adequately established. A critical literature review was conducted to understand the feasibility and viability of adapting CCUS technologies to co-function in building heating systems. This study investigated the technical requirements, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the drivers and barriers towards implementing building-level CCUS technologies. The findings indicated that implementing building-level CCUS technologies has significant overall benefits despite the marginal increase in energy consumption, operational costs, and capital costs. The information presented in this paper is valuable to academics, building owners and managers, innovators, investors, and policy makers involved in the clean energy sector.
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Almalaq, Abdulaziz, Jun Hao, Jun Jason Zhang, and Fei-Yue Wang. "Parallel building: a complex system approach for smart building energy management." IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 6, no. 6 (2019): 1452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2019.1911768.
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Zhang, Kewang, Qizhao Wu, and Xin Li. "Relay participated–new-type building energy management system: An energy-efficient routing scheme for wireless sensor network–based building energy management systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 13, no. 1 (2017): 155014771668361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147716683613.
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With the development of wireless sensor networks, many building energy management systems are getting to adopt wireless sensor network as their communication infrastructure. However, the existing wireless sensor network protocols cannot satisfy the energy-saving demand of building energy management systems. Considering the characteristics of the building energy management system wireless sensor networks, a novel energy-efficient routing scheme is proposed called relay participated–new-type building energy management system. Nodes in the building energy management system wireless sensor networks are divided into two types: energy-limited nodes (battery powered) and energy-unlimited nodes (main powered, solar charger, or heat energy powered). Relay participated–new-type building energy management system allows energy-unlimited nodes to temporarily receive packets that are routed to a nearby energy-limited nodes. In this way, time synchronization for low-power sleep at media access control layer is no longer required, which reduces the delay and control overhead at media access control layer dramatically. Relay participated–new-type building energy management system reduces energy usage of energy-limited nodes and extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks in new-type building energy management systems. Simulation results show that the relay participated–new-type building energy management system protocol significantly improves energy efficiency of limited energy nodes and reduces latency as compared to ad hoc on-demand distance vector–sensor medium access control and low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy.
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El-Baz, Wessam, Johannes Honold, Lukas Hardi, and Peter Tzscheutschler. "High-resolution dataset for building energy management systems applications." Data in Brief 17 (April 2018): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.12.058.
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Lowry, G. "Survey of building and energy management systems user perceptions." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 17, no. 4 (1996): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449601700405.
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Akram, Md Washim, Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Zublie, Md Hasanuzzaman, and Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Global Prospects, Advance Technologies and Policies of Energy-Saving and Sustainable Building Systems: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031316.
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Automation, modernization, economic development and global progress depends on efficient extraction and utilization of energy. Power generation by burning fossil fuels makes various adverse impacts on the environment. Additionally, the worldwide fossil fuel reserve is limited and depleting very fast. Hence, efficient energy usage and savings are crucial to address the environmental issues to ensure sustainable development. Buildings, both commercial and residential, represent a major energy consumption sector. Approximately 40% of the total energy is reportedly consumed in the building sector. Worldwide building energy consumption, performance measuring systems and best practices, energy-saving techniques and policies are reviewed and summarized in this article. Underfloor air distribution, double-glazed windows, use of highly efficient electric motors and variable speed drives may play a great role in reducing building energy consumption. In the UK, the application of double-glazed windows in commercial buildings can save 39–53% energy. The proper maintenance of a building’s central heating system can save up to 11% energy. The automatic HVAC control system can reduce up to 20% of the building’s total heating load. Proper utilization of a VSD system in motor and building performance optimization by an ANOVA tool also proved instrumental in saving energy. Apart from this, the building codes of different countries also help to improve building performance by reducing energy consumption. This study will help building researchers and policymakers to make a framework for sustainable, green building.
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Allen, James, Ari Halberstadt, John Powers, and Nael H. El-Farra. "An Optimization-Based Supervisory Control and Coordination Approach for Solar-Load Balancing in Building Energy Management." Mathematics 8, no. 8 (2020): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8081215.
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This work considers the problem of reducing the cost of electricity to a grid-connected commercial building that integrates on-site solar energy generation, while at the same time reducing the impact of the building loads on the grid. This is achieved through local management of the building’s energy generation-load balance in an effort to increase the feasibility of wide-scale deployment and integration of solar power generation into commercial buildings. To realize this goal, a simulated building model that accounts for on-site solar energy generation, battery storage, electrical vehicle (EV) charging, controllable lighting, and air conditioning is considered, and a supervisory model predictive control (MPC) system is developed to coordinate the building’s generation, loads and storage systems. The main aim of this optimization-based approach is to find a reasonable solution that minimizes the economic cost to the electricity user, while at the same time reducing the impact of the building loads on the grid. To assess this goal, three objective functions are selected, including the peak building load, the net building energy use, and a weighted sum of both the peak load and net energy use. Based on these objective functions, three MPC systems are implemented on the simulated building under scenarios with varying degrees of weather forecasting accuracy. The peak demand, energy cost, and electricity cost are compared for various forecast scenarios for each MPC system formulation, and evaluated in relation to a rules-based control scheme. The MPC systems tested the rules-based scheme based on simulations of a month-long electricity consumption. The performance differences between the individual MPC system formulations are discussed in the context of weather forecasting accuracy, operational costs, and how these impact the potential of on-site solar generation and potential wide-spread solar penetration.
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Santos, Gabriel, Tiago Pinto, Zita Vale, Rui Carvalho, Brígida Teixeira, and Carlos Ramos. "Upgrading BRICKS—The Context-Aware Semantic Rule-Based System for Intelligent Building Energy and Security Management." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154541.
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Building management systems (BMSs) are being implemented broadly by industries in recent decades. However, BMSs focus on specific domains, and when installed on the same building, they lack interoperability to work on a centralized user interface. On the other hand, BMSs interoperability allows the implementation of complex rules based on multi-domain contexts. The Building’s Reasoning for Intelligent Control Knowledge-based System (BRICKS) is a context-aware semantic rule-based system for the intelligent management of buildings’ energy and security. It uses ontologies and semantic web technologies to interact with different domains, taking advantage of cross-domain knowledge to apply context-based rules. This work upgrades the previously presented version of BRICKS by including services for energy consumption and generation forecast, demand response, a configuration user interface (UI), and a dynamic building monitoring and management UI. The case study demonstrates BRICKS deployed at different aggregation levels in the authors’ laboratory building, managing a demand response event and interacting autonomously with other BRICKS instances. The results validate the correct functioning of the proposed tool, which contributes to the flexibility, efficiency, and security of building energy systems.
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Boodi, Abhinandana, Karim Beddiar, Malek Benamour, Yassine Amirat, and Mohamed Benbouzid. "Intelligent Systems for Building Energy and Occupant Comfort Optimization: A State of the Art Review and Recommendations." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102604.
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Today, buildings consume more than 40% of primary energy in and produce more than 36% of CO2. So, an intelligent controller applied to the buildings for energy and comfort management could achieve significant reduction in energy consumption while improving occupant’s comfort. Conventional on/off controllers were only able to automate the tasks in building and were not well suited for energy optimization tasks. Therefore, building energy management has become a focal point in recent years, promising the development of various technologies for various scenarios. This paper deals with a state of the art review on recent developments in building energy management system (BEMS) and occupants comfort, focusing on three model types: white box, black box, and gray box models. Through a comparative study, this paper presents pros and cons of each model.
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Naji, Najem, Mohamed Riduan Abid, Driss Benhaddou, and Nissrine Krami. "Context-Aware Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Building Energy Management System." Information 11, no. 11 (2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11110530.
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Energy Management Systems (EMS) are indispensable for Smart Energy-Efficient Buildings (SEEB). This paper proposes a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based EMS deployed and tested in a real-world smart building on a university campus. The at-scale implementation enabled the deployment of a WSN mesh topology to evaluate performance in terms of routing capabilities, data collection, and throughput. The proposed EMS uses the Context-Based Reasoning (CBR) Model to represent different types of buildings and offices. We implemented a new energy-efficient policy for electrical heaters control based on a Finite State Machine (FSM) leveraging on context-related events. This demonstrated significant effectiveness in minimizing the processing load, especially when adopting multithreading in data acquisition and control. To optimize sensors’ battery lifetime, we deployed a new Energy Aware Context Recognition Algorithm (EACRA) that dynamically configures sensors to send data under specific conditions and at particular times to avoid redundant data transmissions. EACRA increases the sensors’ battery lifetime by optimizing the number of samples, used modules, and transmissions. Our proposed EMS design can be used as a model to retrofit other kinds of buildings, such as residential and industrial, and thus converting them to SEEBs.
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Biekša, Darius, Vytautas Martinaitis, and Aloyzas Algimantas Šakmanas. "AN ESTIMATION OF EXERGY CONSUMPTION PATERNS OF ENERGY‐INTENSIVE BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636370.
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This paper represents the estimation of life cycle exergy consumption for building service systems (BSS). The investigation explores public building engineering systems, which are the most energy‐intensive. These include heating, ventilating and lightning. The exergy consumption analysis is divided into three parts: systems production, operating and maintenance (O&M) and decommissioning. The differences between them consist in different exergy demand and consumption intensiveness. The main attention is paid to BSS O&M investigation by categorising and defining exergy demands within the building. Exergy consumption for BSS Oamp;M period is estimated as certain amount of exergy that should be supplied to the buildings boundaries. In this investigation of building engineering systems, 4 typical buildings are explored for the Vilnius’ city conditions in Lithuania.
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Marin-Perez, Rafael, Iakovos Michailidis, Dan Garcia-Carrillo, Christos Korkas, Elias Kosmatopoulos, and Antonio Skarmeta. "PLUG-N-HARVEST Architecture for Secure and Intelligent Management of Near-Zero Energy Buildings." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040843.
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Building Automation (BA) is key to encourage the growth of more sustainable cities and smart homes. However, current BA systems are not able to manage new constructions based on Adaptable/Dynamic Building Envelopes (ADBE) achieving near-zero energy-efficiency. The ADBE buildings integrate Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Envelope Retrofitting (ER) that must be managed by new BA systems based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) through secure protocols. This paper presents the PLUG-N-HARVEST architecture based on cloud AI systems and security-by-design IoT networks to manage near-zero ADBE constructions in both residential and commercial buildings. To demonstrate the PLUG-N-HARVEST architecture, three different real-world pilots have been considered in Germany, Greece and Spain. The paper describes the Spain pilot of residential buildings including the deployment of IoT wireless networks (i.e., sensors and actuators) based on Zwave technology to enable plug-and-play installations. The real-world tests showed the high efficiency of security-by-design Internet communications between building equipment and cloud management systems. Moreover, the results of cloud intelligent management demonstrate the improvements in both energy consumption and comfort conditions.
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Shaqour, Ayas, and Aya Hagishima. "Systematic Review on Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Different Building Types." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228663.
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Owing to the high energy demand of buildings, which accounted for 36% of the global share in 2020, they are one of the core targets for energy-efficiency research and regulations. Hence, coupled with the increasing complexity of decentralized power grids and high renewable energy penetration, the inception of smart buildings is becoming increasingly urgent. Data-driven building energy management systems (BEMS) based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have attracted significant research interest, particularly in recent years, primarily owing to their ability to overcome many of the challenges faced by conventional control methods related to real-time building modelling, multi-objective optimization, and the generalization of BEMS for efficient wide deployment. A PRISMA-based systematic assessment of a large database of 470 papers was conducted to review recent advancements in DRL-based BEMS for different building types, their research directions, and knowledge gaps. Five building types were identified: residential, offices, educational, data centres, and other commercial buildings. Their comparative analysis was conducted based on the types of appliances and systems controlled by the BEMS, renewable energy integration, DR, and unique system objectives other than energy, such as cost, and comfort. Moreover, it is worth considering that only approximately 11% of the recent research considers real system implementations.
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Fernandes, Joana, Maria Catarina Santos, and Rui Castro. "Introductory Review of Energy Efficiency in Buildings Retrofits." Energies 14, no. 23 (2021): 8100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238100.
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Energy-efficient building retrofits must be approached from three perspectives: law regulation approach, financial incentives approach, and practice approach. The concepts of zero energy building and life cycle energy building are presented as the basis for energy retrofits. Multi-criteria boards to assess the decision-making process are reviewed, analysed, and categorised under an architectonic perspective. Some examples are presented, with different packages of measures, from deep to non-invasive energy retrofits. Passive and active energy generation systems, together with control and management strategies, are the physical elements identified with the potential to improve buildings’ energy efficiency. From a practice approach, this literature review identifies the concept of performance-based architectural design to optimise the planning and design of buildings’ energy retrofits. In addition, tools such as Building Information Modelling are described as part of optimisation processes, as they enable designers to rapidly analyse and simulate a building’s performance at the design stage.
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Rieser, Alexander, Rainer Pfluger, Alexandra Troi, et al. "Integration of Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems in Historic Buildings—Review and Proposal of a Systematic Intervention Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042325.
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Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Energy-efficient ventilation such as demand-controlled ventilation and heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the aforementioned goals, if ventilation concepts and airflow distribution are planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular, if internal insulation is applied, dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building’s cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task. For this reason, there is a need for a scientifically valid, systematic approach to pair appropriate ventilation system and airflow distribution solutions with historical buildings. This paper provides an overview of the interrelationships between heritage conservation and the need for ventilation in energy-efficient buildings, regarding building physics and indoor environmental quality. Furthermore, a systematic approach based on assessment criteria in terms of heritage significance of the building, building physics (hygrothermal performance), and building services (energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and comfort rating) according to the standard EN 16883:2017 are applied.
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Mariano-Hernández, Deyslen, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Martín Solís, et al. "A Data-Driven Forecasting Strategy to Predict Continuous Hourly Energy Demand in Smart Buildings." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (2021): 7886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177886.
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Smart buildings seek to have a balance between energy consumption and occupant comfort. To make this possible, smart buildings need to be able to foresee sudden changes in the building’s energy consumption. With the help of forecasting models, building energy management systems, which are a fundamental part of smart buildings, know when sudden changes in the energy consumption pattern could occur. Currently, different forecasting methods use models that allow building energy management systems to forecast energy consumption. Due to this, it is increasingly necessary to have appropriate forecasting models to be able to maintain a balance between energy consumption and occupant comfort. The objective of this paper is to present an energy consumption forecasting strategy that allows hourly day-ahead predictions. The presented forecasting strategy is tested using real data from two buildings located in Valladolid, Spain. Different machine learning and deep learning models were used to analyze which could perform better with the proposed strategy. After establishing the performance of the models, a model was assembled using the mean of the prediction values of the top five models to obtain a model with better performance.
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Piotrowski, Andrzej, and Tadeusz Nieszporek. "Smart House - The Building Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 613 (August 2014): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.613.83.
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Unit recently, electronic management systems were reserved exclusively for production systems. The development of technology has enabled the construction of "intelligent buildings", that is buildings equipped with advanced systems to supervise the operation of household equipment. Control systems monitor the condition of the rooms (temperature, humidity) using sensors, and the measurement is analysed by a program resident in the memory of a microcontroller which, based on a developed algorithm, makes the decision to activate the actor – an actuating device (heater, air conditioner). The system acts like a robot, which creates the picture of the world with its sensors and then, based on its built-in "intelligence" (a program), performs a specific operation. The only difference is in the appearance; instead of a human-shaped android, we have a "thinking" building. The intelligent building control system enhances the living comfort of the inhabitants and reduces the energy intensity. A characteristic feature is the user's ability to interfere in equipment operation parameters, e.g. to change the temperature. Therefore, control systems feature a simple and functional interface suited to the skills of an average user. It is activated on any device with an internet browser to enable the remote control of the system.
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Borowski, Marek, Piotr Mazur, Sławosz Kleszcz, and Klaudia Zwolińska. "Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel." Energies 13, no. 8 (2020): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081968.
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The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.
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Kim, Young Ki, Lindita Bande, Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul, and Hasim Altan. "Dynamic Energy Performance Gap Analysis of a University Building: Case Studies at UAE University Campus, UAE." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010120.
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As a result of an increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings with a better experience of user comfort, the built environment sector needs to consider the prediction of building energy performance, which during the design phase, is achieved when a building is handed over and used. There is, however, significant evidence that shows that buildings do not perform as anticipated. This discrepancy is commonly described as the ‘energy performance gap’. Building energy audit and post occupancy evaluation (POE) are among the most efficient processes to identify and reduce the energy performance gap and improve indoor environmental quality by observing, monitoring, and the documentation of in-use buildings’ operating performance. In this study, a case study of UAE university buildings’ energy audit, POE, and dynamic simulation were carried out to first, identify factors of the dynamic energy performance gap, and then to identify the utility of the strategy for reducing the gap. Furthermore, the building energy audit data and POE were applied in order to validate and calibrate a dynamic simulation model. This research demonstrated that the case study building’s systems were not operating as designed and almost a quarter of the cooling energy was wasted due to the fault of the building facility management of the mechanical systems. The more research findings were discussed in the paper.
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Canals Casals, Lluc, Lucía Igualada, and Cristina Corchero. "The effect of building energy management systems on battery aging." E3S Web of Conferences 61 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186100014.
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Smart buildings are a key element to walk towards smart cities and grids. Nonetheless, there are several degrees of intelligence. A first step is to incorporate commercial self-consumption solutions in buildings so they can manage the energy from local renewable power generators. A second step is to substitute this commercial solutions with an optimized Energy Management System (EMS) to reduce the electricity bill at the end of the month. Further. This EMS may contribute to stabilize and improve the quality and emissions of the electricity grid by offering some energy flexibility to the electricity system in favour of decentralization. This study compares the battery aging between buildings that count with an EMS to optimize the electricity bill under three scenarios in contrast to those that have a simple self-consumption kit. Lithium ion battery lifespan is estimated by means of an electric equivalent battery circuit model that runs on Matlab and simulates its behaviour through time. Moreover, this study evaluates the distribution of the battery costs regarding its use, observing that batteries controlled by simple self-consumption kits have longer lifespan because they are underused, ending up in higher calendar aging costs than the ones that are controlled by EMS.
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Radhakrishnan, Nikitha, Yang Su, Rong Su, and Kameshwar Poolla. "Token based scheduling for energy management in building HVAC systems." Applied Energy 173 (July 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.023.
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Lee, Sangyoon, Le Xie, and Dae-Hyun Choi. "Privacy-Preserving Energy Management of a Shared Energy Storage System for Smart Buildings: A Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144898.
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This paper proposes a privacy-preserving energy management of a shared energy storage system (SESS) for multiple smart buildings using federated reinforcement learning (FRL). To preserve the privacy of energy scheduling of buildings connected to the SESS, we present a distributed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework using the FRL method, which consists of a global server (GS) and local building energy management systems (LBEMSs). In the framework, the LBEMS DRL agents share only a randomly selected part of their trained neural network for energy consumption models with the GS without consumer’s energy consumption data. Using the shared models, the GS executes two processes: (i) construction and broadcast of a global model of energy consumption to the LBEMS agents for retraining their local models and (ii) training of the SESS DRL agent’s energy charging and discharging from and to the utility and buildings. Simulation studies are conducted using one SESS and three smart buildings with solar photovoltaic systems. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can schedule the charging and discharging of the SESS and an optimal energy consumption of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in smart buildings under heterogeneous building environments while preserving the privacy of buildings’ energy consumption.
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Avani, P., and B. Bhavana. "Building Information Modelling and Augmented Reality for building energy systems visualisation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1255, no. 1 (2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1255/1/012009.
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Abstract Augmented reality is an important aspect of today's technological environment, as it aids in the development of technical abilities in students and engineers. Construction is often the industry with the least relation to digitalization, and we are currently dealing with challenges with real-view objects. Because some Elements are buried beneath the fake ceiling and walls, these components, which include ventilation, air conditioning, heating, and lighting, are now only partially visible in the building environment[9]. As per this article, Owners can track the project and use it for predictive maintenance, facility management, and future refurbishment using a mobile.
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Roccotelli, Michele, Alessandro Rinaldi, Maria Pia Fanti, and Francesco Iannone. "Building Energy Management for Passive Cooling Based on Stochastic Occupants Behavior Evaluation." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010138.
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The common approach to model occupants behaviors in buildings is deterministic and consists of assumptions based on predefined fixed schedules or rules. In contrast with the deterministic models, stochastic and agent based (AB) models are the most powerful and suitable methods for modeling complex systems as the human behavior. In this paper, a co-simulation architecture is proposed with the aim of modeling the occupant behavior in buildings by a stochastic-AB approach and implementing an intelligent Building Energy Management System (BEMS). In particular, optimized control logics are designed for smart passive cooling by controlling natural ventilation and solar shading systems to guarantee the thermal comfort conditions and maintain energy performance. Moreover, the effects of occupant actions on indoor thermal comfort are also taken into account. This study shows how the integration of automation systems and passive techniques increases the potentialities of passive cooling in buildings, integrating or replacing the conventional efficiency strategies.
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Costa, Andrea, Marco Pietrobon, and Thomas Messervey. "Hit2Gap Project: Highly Innovative building control Tools Tackling the energy performance gap." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105023.
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Measurement campaigns have shown major discrepancies in buildings energy performance between planned energy demand and real energy consumption, while nowadays most of the newly constructed offices buildings are equipped with BMS systems, integrating a more or less extended measurement layer providing large amounts of data. The HIT2GAP project has developed a new generation of building monitoring and control tools based on advanced data treatment techniques allowing new approaches to assess building energy performance data, getting a better understanding of building’s behaviour and hence a better performance. From a strong research layer on data, HIT2GAP solution builds on existing measurement and control tools that are embedded into a new software platform for performance optimization. The HIT2GAP solution is applied as a novel intelligent layer offering new capability of the existing BMS systems and offering the management stakeholders opportunities for services with a novel added value. Applying the solutions to groups of buildings also allows to test energy demand vs. local production management modules. This solution is being tested in various pilot sites across Europe. HIT2GAP work has been carried out with a permanent concern about market exploitation of the solutions developed within the project. This paper will present the project solution in detail and showcase the achievement so far in the real case demo sites.
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Csontos, Györgyi. "Using Passive Energy Systems in Ecofarm Architecture." YBL Journal of Built Environment 1, no. 1 (2013): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2013-0003.
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Abstract The history of eco (organic) farming in Hungary has begun in 1983. Currently, approx. 2% of the agricultural area is managed this way. This research gives a survey on the architectural backgrounds of this specific land management type. Sustainability and energy conservation have brought along a new demand in the construction industry, including design and operation of agricultural buildings: the usage of energy efficient, environmentally friendly and preferably renewable energy based building alternatives. Among the energy-saving solutions we have to emphasize those passive systems in particular, which use the natural conditions (sunlight, shading, ventilation, gravity, etc.) on their own, without the help of mechanical equipment, and achieve energy efficiency by placing and structuring technological buildings accordingly.
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Shalabi, Firas, and Yelda Turkan. "BIM–energy simulation approach for detecting building spaces with faults and problematic behavior." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 25 (June 29, 2020): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2020.020.
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Heating and cooling consumes most of the energy in buildings. Faults and problems in HVAC systems waste up to 20% of heating and cooling energy. Identifying spaces with HVAC problems within a facility remains a major challenge for facility managers. This study aims to detect spaces with potential problems that causes energy overconsumption, human discomfort, or HVAC work overload. To achieve that, a Building Information Model (BIM)-based framework that combines the output data of building energy simulations, Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS), and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) is proposed. The framework enables BIM components to utilize data collected by the other systems to determine the intended energy performance and compare it with actual energy performance, as well as to provide access to maintenance history and BEMS alarms occurred in the building at element level. The framework was tested using data collected from an educational building over one-month period when the building was unoccupied to prevent users from manipulating the results. Experimental results show that the framework enabled identification of building spaces with abnormal or malfunctioning behavior that was not detected by the BEMS. This study supplements the body of knowledge in facilities energy management by providing a BIM-based framework that utilizes output data of energy simulation, BEMS and CMMS to locate and detect building spaces with potential problems that need maintenance. Furthermore, it enables facility managers to collect and view relevant data from various systems in one central platform; BIM. It also allows them to adjust their maintenance plans based on the poor behavior of specific spaces within their building.
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Lourenço, José Marco, Laura Aelenei, Jorge Facão, Helder Gonçalves, Daniel Aelenei, and João Murta Pina. "The Use of Key Enabling Technologies in the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings Monitoring, Control and Intelligent Management." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175524.
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The 2018 revision of the European Performance Building Directive (EPBD) requires that from the year 2020 onwards, all new buildings will have to be “nearly zero energy buildings”. It also further promotes smart building technologies, raising awareness amongst building owners and occupants of the value behind building automation. The European Commission also identified, in 2011, Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), which provide the basis for innovation in the EU. In the frame of the SUDOKET project, the Solar XXI building was used as a pilot case, as innovative integrated solutions and technologies are monitored and controlled. The objective of this paper is to validate a simulation of the laboratorial test room in EnergyPlus with data obtained experimentally and determine the impact of the control systems on energy needs and on thermal comfort. Two systems, in particular, were studied: the Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and the earth tubes. Once validated, the simulation of the test room without the systems was created, allowing their impact to be determined. The results show that, for the analysed periods, BIPVs reduced the heating consumption by 22% while also increasing thermal comfort, and the earth tube system would reduce the cooling needs by 97%.