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1
Amit, Tiwari. "TO STUDY AND FABRICATION OF AIR CUSHION VEHICLE." International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 3 (2017): 70–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.883967.
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An Air cushion vehicle is a vehicle that flies like a plane but can float like a boat, can drive like a car but will traverse ditches and gullies as it is a flat terrain. An air cushion vehicle also sometimes called an air cushion vehicle because it can hover over or move across land or water surfaces while being held off from the surfaces by a cushion of air. A Hovercraft can travel over all types of surfaces including grass, mud, muskeg, sand, quicksand, water and ice .Hovercraft prefer gentle terrain although they are capable of climbing slopes up to 20%, depending upon surface characteristics. Modern Hovercrafts are used for many applications where people and equipment need to travel at speed over water but be able load and unload on land. For example they are used as passenger or freight carriers, as recreational machines and even use as warships. Hovercrafts are very exciting to fly and feeling of effortlessly traveling from land to water and back again is unique
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Sayiner, Mehmet Anıl. "An Example of Using Advanced Excel Applications Within the Scope of Financial Mathematics Calculations: Modelling of Calculations Related to Annuities in Microsoft Excel Program." Proceeding of the International Conference on Business, Management and Finance 1, no. 1 (2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/icbmf.v1i1.414.
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Financial mathematics applications, form the mathematical basis for rational financial decisions within the scope of financial management. Carrying out financial management in line with the scientific rules is of vital importance for businesses to sustain their existence and carry out their activities effectively and efficiently. In this context, the ability to carry out financial management rationally is only based on the correct determination of the mathematical datas (etc. time value of money) that forms the basis for decisions. The use of technology in this area is very important and technology level in this area has evolved from financial calculators to computer programs and MS. Excel program is perhaps the most important application tool in this field according to its mathematical calculation capacity and capability. In this regard, the study reveals how to perform complex calculations regarding the present and future values of different annuity types in Excel. The calculation of all variables related to annuity calculations and the mathematical relationships between variables are discussed separately according to different annuity types is examined with a model which developed in Excel program within the scope of the purpose of the study. The study will provide guidance to academics related to the field and professionals working in the field of financial management by combining theoretical knowledge and practical applications.
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Irawan, Indra. "APLIKASI INVENTORI BARANG DENGAN METODE AVERAGE." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Komputer 1, no. 1 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.61306/jnastek.v1i1.4.
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With the rapid use of computer technology in business transactions, the author is interested in conducting a study that discusses the inventory system of building materials using the average method. With the use of this method in the process of calculating stock of goods, it is expected to be able to help business people in sustaining and developing the business they pioneered, so that they can compete with other similar business actors. This is illustrated from the transfer of the manual calculation process into the automation process resulting from the system built, the process of retrieving information that is fast, precise and accurate will be very helpful in terms of decision making, so that the targets to be achieved can be more easily and quickly implemented. In the future, this inventory information system can be developed again with a wider scope with a larger organizational scope.
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Chen, Lin, Hang Tong, Zheng Liu, Zhi Zhang, and Pengfei Mou. "Research on Quantitative Calculation Method of Accident Scope of Gathering and Transportation Station." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249476.
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In order to ensure the security and stability of oilfield gathering and transportation stations and to improve the risk assessment method, this paper proposes an evaluation method that can fully and quantitatively calculate the impact range of process equipment and pipelines in the event of fire and explosion accidents based on API 581-2016 Quantitative Risk Assessment Technology. It mainly analyzes and calculates the leakage type, leakage rate and total leakage amount, combined with the occurrence probability of various failure situations, the casualty area and the fact that equipment damage could be finally determined. In addition, PHAST Software is used to verify this method. The average deviation of the calculation results is very small, which shows that the method is completely feasible and accurate. In order to further correct the error, specific correction methods and formulas are also proposed. This theoretical calculation method greatly improves the quantitative evaluation method of oil field gathering and transportation stations, and lays a solid foundation for the quantitative calculation of failure consequences in the future.
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Aliyeva, Aytekin. "Possibilities for forming ethnopedagogical competence of future primary teachers." Scientific Works 18, no. 1 (2024): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.62706/bqiz.2024.v18i1.98.
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The article reflects the following components of independent work, identified during the study: motivational stage (creating a clear idea and interest of the student about the need to study an ethnopedagogical fact, event); setting a precise goal (what knowledge should be obtained in the course of ethnopedagogical activities?); the presence of correct instructions (an algorithm for solving an ethno-pedagogical problem, the teacher’s definition of methods, rules, report forms, work, the scope of results that will be used when performing the work); the stage of independent implementation of the ethnopedagogical task; calculation and evaluation of results. It is substantiated that these components have a positive effect on the formation of independent thinking, self-development, self-improvement and self-realization.
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NICOLIN, Bogdan Adrian, and Ilie NICOLIN. "Calculation of steering system parameters of a military training aircraft." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 4 (2022): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.4.18.
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The mechanical-hydraulic steering system of a military training aircraft is a technical problem for specialized engineers and it must be investigated and solved in a scientific manner using theoretical knowledge, calculus programs such as Mathcad, and CAD applications for design such as CATIA V5 which allows the preservation of practical experience and favors its dissemination for future similar calculation. The scope of this calculus is to demonstrate that the active moment developed by the two hydraulic cylinders is always bigger than the resisting moment opposing the steering action of the nose landing gear wheel generated by the frictional forces between the wheel and the running way.
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Lischke, Roman, Walter Sekundo, Rainer Wiltfang, et al. "IOL Power Calculations and Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Previous Small Incision Lenticule Extraction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (2022): 4418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154418.
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Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), with over 5 million procedures globally performed, will challenge ophthalmologists in the foreseeable future with accurate intraocular lens power calculations in an ageing population. After more than one decade since the introduction of SMILE, only one case report of cataract surgery with IOL implantation after SMILE is present in the peer-reviewed literature. Hence, the scope of the present multicenter study was to compare the IOL power calculation accuracy in post-SMILE eyes between ray tracing and a range of empirically optimized formulae available in the ASCRS post-keratorefractive surgery IOL power online calculator. In our study of 11 post-SMILE eyes undergoing cataract surgery, ray tracing showed the smallest mean absolute error (0.40 D) and yielded the largest percentage of eyes within ±0.50/±1.00 D (82/91%). The next best conventional formula was the Potvin–Hill formula with a mean absolute error of 0.66 D and an ±0.50/±1.00 D accuracy of 45 and 73%, respectively. Analyzing this first cohort of post-SMILE eyes undergoing cataract surgery and IOL implantation, ray tracing showed superior predictability in IOL power calculation over empirically optimized IOL power calculation formulae that were originally intended for use after Excimer-based keratorefractive procedures.
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Schalcher, Stefan, Christoph Zellmann, Jonas Meister, Jean-Marc Wunderli, and Beat Schäffer. "Calculation of annual aircraft noise exposure for Geneva and Zurich airports with the next-generation program sonAIR - first results." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 6 (2023): 1124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0155.
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The next-generation aircraft noise simulation program sonAIR was designed to precisely predict single flights with the scope of investigating and optimizing noise abatement flight procedures. Recently, sonAIR was implemented in a geographic information system (GIS) to make it suitable for noise mapping calculations of entire airport scenarios. In this study, we conducted first calculations of annual aircraft noise exposure with sonAIR for Geneva and Zurich airports, Switzerland, for the year 2017, simulating several 10'000 single flights and accounting for real conditions in great detail (e.g., detailed emission modelling and considering ground cover in the sound propagation calculation). Our calculations proved the ability of sonAIR to do annual aircraft noise calculations with many simulated flights. Comparing the results to those obtained with the best-practice program FLULA2, which is currently used for official aircraft noise calculations in Switzerland, we found that the noise contours differ on average little in areas with legally relevant noise exposure. However, locally larger differences may occur, primary due to varying ground cover and more detailed sound emission modelling. In this contribution, we present the process of sonAIR for annual aircraft noise calculations, show the most important results and discuss implications for future aircraft noise calculations around airports.
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Aycı, Doğukan, Ferhat Öğüt, Ulaş Özen, Bora Batuhan İşgör, and Sinan Küfeoğlu. "Energy Optimisation Models for Self-Sufficiency of a Typical Turkish Residential Electricity Customer of the Future." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196163.
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This paper utilises a two-stage demand response-enabled energy management algorithm for a typical Turkish self-sufficient living space. The proposed energy management model provides an additional gain in line with the goal of self-sufficiency by scheduling flexible loads and energy storage systems at home according to a static time of use tariff. The impact of load scheduling and battery optimisation were evaluated in the scope of self-sufficiency, economic gain and return on investment performances. According to the results, the proposed two-stage structure provided a net saving increase of 9.5% in the one-battery scenario, and it rises to 14% in the design with three batteries. On the other hand, when we inspect the energy management scenarios with the return on investment (ROI) calculations, we see that the single battery system has a higher ROI than the two or three battery systems due to the increased battery cost. Moreover, the ROI value, 13.9% without optimisation, increased to 15.3% in the proposed Home Energy Management System (HEMS) model. As can be seen from this calculation, intelligent management of batteries and flexible loads provided a 10% increase in ROI value.
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Dahni, Fanita. "Altman Z-Score Vs Zmijewski X-Score Dalam Memprediksi Kebangkrutan Perusahaan (Studi Kasus PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera (AISA) Tahun 2015-2017)." Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 8, no. 2 (2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jab.v8i2.25433.
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Many kind of methods for predicting bankruptcy have their respective characteristics and each methods have different characteristics. The results of the calculation of each method can give the same or even different results. In this study intended to predict whether the PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food, Tbk (AISA) the results of the Altman Z-Scores and Zmijewski calculations have the same results, both of which can predict the company bankrupt, not bankrupt, or both models produce different results. In conducting this research, the author uses descriptive study methods and case studies. The data used are secondary data obtained from the company's official website. The research proves that: (1) Altman Z-Score calculation predicts that AISA indicates bankruptcy in the 2015-2017 period; (2) Zmijewski X-Score calculation predicts that AISA is in safe condition; (3) There are differences in the calculation results between Altman Z-Score and Zmijewski X-Score; (4) Differences can be triggered by differences in the ratio components used in the calculation of each method. This research is only a description of the company's condition which is not 100% correct. The results of the calculation methods are used as an evaluation in the future so that the company can improve its performance. This research can also be used as an illustration to make investment decisions for investors.
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Vozykova, S., and Y. A. Kustikov. "Current trends and key limitations of climate-related disclosure by Russian companies." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 866, no. 1 (2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/866/1/012030.
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Abstract Climate-related disclosure and reporting have become major topics of the discussion among the key players influencing business decisions in the past few years. The United Kingdom and other countries’ plans regarding mandatory climate-related disclosure for the major listed companies, investors’ enquires about CDP questionnaires to be filled and European Union actively promoting its carbon neutral plans influence Russian business community decisions. In order to comply with the latest trends and future demands it is critical to assess corporate carbon footprint correctly, especially for the most carbon intensive companies specialising in mining and steel production, which can be seriously affected by the forecasted EU Carbon Border Tax towards carbon intensive imported products. Although, currently there are some limitations which may misrepresent some of the Russian companies’ greenhouse gas emissions calculation results, and further decarbonisation initiatives. One of the key reasons is a lack of national methodological guidelines and emissions factors provided by the Russian ministries and research centres, which have to guide Russian companies in the field of regional-based emissions assessment. This article examines the current trends of climate-related disclosure based on the CDP scores of Russian companies and discusses the potential ways of improving the national methodological support in order to provide quality and credible data connected with the climate risk management and disclosure. The most important drawbacks were identified, such as the lack of methodological guidelines and emission factors for calculating direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1), regional emissions factors for calculating indirect energy emissions (Scope 2) for the Russian Federation, as well as the lack of both methodological guidelines and emissions factors database for calculating other indirect emissions (Scope 3). Finally, the expected consequences of such methodological disadvantages were described, and the recommended steps to improve the effectiveness of this climate-related disclosure practice were proposed.
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Kasinde, Mr Paul, Dr John Mwaba, Dr Norah Ndambo, et al. "Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmic Surgeries: Current Applications and Future Directions." East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences 8, no. 06 (2025): 213–19. https://doi.org/10.36349/easms.2025.v08i06.006.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing ophthalmology, particularly in microsurgeries demanding precision. Current AI applications span the entire surgical process: candidate screening, surgery selection, postoperative prediction, and real-time intraoperative guidance. This integration is evident in refractive surgery, keratoplasty, cataract surgery, vitreoretinal surgery, and oculoplastic surgery. Beyond surgery, AI improves diagnostic accuracy for conditions like diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, while also enabling personalized treatment and enhancing service delivery via teleophthalmology and workflow optimization. The expanding scope of AI in ophthalmology signifies its maturation from analytical to interventional tools, aligning with a broader healthcare trend towards AI-augmented procedures. The success of AI in one area, such as precise intraocular lens (IOL) calculation, holistically influences subsequent surgical steps, maximizing AI's value across the patient journey. However, widespread adoption faces challenges including data privacy, algorithmic bias, lack of standardized metrics, limited public datasets, and integration complexities. Addressing these fundamental barriers is crucial for trust, equity, and practical implementation. Future directions emphasize enhanced multimodal AI models, integrated robotics, and expanded global health initiatives through teleophthalmology to address disparities and improve patient outcomes worldwide.
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Nguyen, C. M., D. R. Shelevaya, and D. A. Krasnorutskiy. "CALCULATION OF STATIC DEFORMATION OF AXISYMMETRIC SHELLS OF ROTATION WITH DIFFERENTIAL MODEL." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 1 (December 15, 2024): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2024.1.07.
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In the paper differential equations of static geometrically nonlinear deformation of axisymmetric shell of rotation are obtained. The resolving functions are projections of vectors in the global coordinate system. The equations allow describing any geometry of meridian (breaks, curvature jumps), large deformations, changing of shell thicknesses during deformation, also cross shears characteristic for thick shells. For the numerical solution, the approach based on the finite difference method is applied, which is realized in the own software package for the calculation of the mechanics of spatial rod systems – DARSYS. The calculations of test problems of the internal pressure inflation of cylindrical, spherical, elliptical, conical shells, as well as a combined conicalcylindrical shell with a meridian break are presented. Graphs of convergence of displacements at the reference points as a function of mesh density and under load variation are given, and deformed meridian configurations are plotted. The solutions obtained in ANSYS by different finite elements of Shell type were used as a reference for comparison. APDL scripts for parametric calculations of the test problems are given in the text of the paper. The proposed approach to the calculation of static deformation of shells of rotation has shown good agreement with finite element modeling in ANSYS (including thick shells) and in the future will be extended to the modeling of dynamic deformation and the possibility of solving coupled problems of interaction with liquid or gas. The given equations of the axisymmetric shell are a special case of the general equations, the development and application of which are beyond the scope of this paper, and the obtained solution results are the first stage of testing the developed complex approach to the calculation of static and dynamic deformation of shells, alternative to finite-element modeling.
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Başaran, Burhan. "The past, present and future ISO 9001 quality management system standard." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i1.1756.
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The number of studies for the future improvement of the standard ISO 9001, which is the most used standard in many areas, is limited. Within this research scope, the number of ISO 9001 certificates registered between 1993 and 2019 in some G20 countries was evaluated, and the number of certificates for 2020-2026 was estimated using the Eviews 11 program. Time series regression and exponential smoothing methods are used in estimation calculation. According to the number of certificates estimated for 2026, country rankings were determined as India (43,947), Brazil (22,744), Canada (11,814), USA (37,235), Mexico (9,977), Argentina (8,433), Russian Federation (1,540), Australia (5,072), South Africa (4,626) and Saudi Arabia (2,785). Changes are expected in Canada, the Russian Federation, Australia and Mexico in 2026 when the 2019 certificate number of countries’ ranking is considered. A decrease in Australia and the Russian Federation’s certificate number was foreseen for 2026. It is thought that the research will contribute to the interpretation of ISO 9001 performance of nine countries and to how the future trend will be shaped.
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Akhbar Nugraha, Billy, Arif Hidayat, Wike Agustin Prima Dania, Katsumori Hatanaka, and Saville Ramadhona. "Program evaluation and review technique – Data envelopment analysis in benchmarking sustainable supply chain management of the potato chips industry." Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering 6, no. 3 (2023): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2023.006.03.3.
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Supply chain benchmarking of agroindustry can be done by emphasizing the perspective of sustainability. This paper aimed to analyze the efficiency of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and provided a prospective benchmark with the potato chips industry as a study case. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) estimated future input and output values to obtain prospective benchmarks and be added to the DEA formula later. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods were used to measure SSCM performance. The results showed that 17 of 20 Decision-Making Units (DMUs) were efficient (score 1). The other 3 DMUs were classified and got an efficiency score of 0.965, 0.955, and 0.995. In future estimates calculation, the efficiency score of one of the inefficient DMUs has changed to 1, while the other two got the scores of 0.996 and 0.980. The limitation of this research mainly comes from the scope of assessment, which is limited to the supply chain’s downstream sector and assesses only a limited number of MSMEs in a particular region. SSCM efficiency measurement variables were adjusted to be assessed and applied to MSMEs. PERT was also beneficial to gain future estimates of the assessment scope.
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Kukrika, Milan, and Emilija Manic. "Process of optimization of retail trade spatial development with application of locational-alocational models." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, no. 2 (2008): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0802065k.
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This article gives a simple and brief scope of structure and usage of location-allocation models in territory planning of retail network, trying to show the main shortage of some given models and the primary direction of their future improving. We give an inspection of theirs main usage and give an explanation of basic factors that models take in consideration during the process of demand allocation. Location-allocation models are an important segment of development of spatial retail network optimization process. Their future improvement is going towards their approximation and integration with spatial-interaction models. In this way, much better methodology of planning and directing spatial development of trade general. Methodology which we have used in this research paper is based on the literature and research projects in the area. Using this methodology in analyzing parts of Serbian territory through usage of location-allocation models, showed the need for creating special software for calculating matrix with recursions. Considering the fact that the integration of location-allocation models with GIS still didn't occur, all the results acquired during the calculation of methaformula has been brought into ArcGIS 9.2 software and presented as maps.
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Papazafeiropoulos, George, and Vagelis Plevris. "OpenSeismoMatlab: New Features, Verification and Charting Future Endeavors." Buildings 14, no. 1 (2024): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010304.
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To facilitate the precise design of earthquake-resistant structures, it is imperative to accurately evaluate the impact of seismic events on these constructions and predict their responses. OpenSeismoMatlab, a robust, free ground motion data processing software, plays a pivotal role in this endeavor. It empowers users to compute a wide array of outcomes using input acceleration time histories, encompassing time histories themselves, as well as linear and nonlinear spectra. These capabilities are instrumental in supporting structural design initiatives. This study provides a comprehensive exposition of the latest version (v 5.05) of OpenSeismoMatlab. It delves into intricate facets of the software, encompassing a detailed exploration of the input and output variables integral to each operational category. Comprehensive calculation flowcharts are presented to elucidate the software’s organizational structure and operational sequences. Furthermore, a meticulous verification assessment is conducted to validate OpenSeismoMatlab’s performance. This verification entails a rigorous examination of specific cases drawn from existing literature, wherein the software’s outcomes are rigorously compared against corresponding results from prior studies. The examination not only underscores the reliability of OpenSeismoMatlab but also emphasizes its ability to generate outcomes that closely align with findings documented in the established body of literature. Concluding the study, the paper outlines potential directions for future research, shedding light on avenues where further development and exploration can enhance the utility and scope of OpenSeismoMatlab in advancing seismic engineering and structural design practices.
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Andreadou, Nikoleta, Dimitrios Thomas, Antonio De Paola, Evangelos Kotsakis, and Gianluca Fulli. "Holistic Evaluation of Demand Response Events in Real Pilot Sites: From Baseline Calculation to Evaluation of Key Performance Indicators." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 6048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16166048.
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Explicit demand response plays a significant role in the future energy grid transition, as it involves end consumers in smart grid activities and, at the same time, exploits the potential of flexibility, giving the opportunity to grid operators to accommodate a total amount of energy without the need to reinforce the grid infrastructure. For evaluating the successfulness of a demand response program, thus, evaluating its advantages, it is fundamental to have an accurate baseline curve consumption along with meaningful key performance indicators. In this work, we propose a novel way of calculating the baseline consumption using artificial intelligence techniques. In particular, regression models have been applied to a database of historical data. In order to present a complete evaluation of demand response programs, we present five key performance indicators (KPIs). The KPIs have been selected so as to depict the successfulness of the explicit demand response program. We suggest a novel way of evaluating two of the five KPI using a quantitative approach. We also apply the proposed methodology for baseline calculation and KPIs evaluation in a practical example: two pilot sites have been used and real-life scenarios of demand response events have been applied for this scope to actual nonindustrial consumers and especially residential consumers. The baseline has been calculated for these pilot sites and the KPIs have been evaluated for them. The presented results complete the picture of evaluating a real-life demand response program and show the effectiveness of the selected approach. The proposed schemes for baseline calculation and KPI evaluation can be used by the scientific community for evaluating future demand response programs, especially in the residential sector.
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Zhang, Shiyu. "Microsoft Accounting Analysis Based on Profit Analysis and Market Value Prediction." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 23 (December 29, 2023): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/f8dr4063.
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Microsoft is a world-renowned technology company with a range of business scopes including operating systems, productivity suites, cloud services, and search engines. Based on its position in the world, the analysis of Microsoft's financial situation has a certain guiding significance. First, it analyzes Microsoft's income statement from 2020 to the second quarter of 2023, using different growth assumptions, and calculates and compares Microsoft's Net income attributed to shareholders through two aspects: linear relationship, and index relationship. Then, using EXCEL and SPSS, an earnings forecast is given through the calculation and comparison of P/E ratios for different years. Finally, the article predicts Microsoft's market capitalization. Although Microsoft's market capitalization fell for a time in 2022, as of May 2023, Microsoft's market capitalization has recovered. The article believes that Microsoft's market value is still likely to continue to grow in the future. This is mainly because Microsoft has a wide range of layouts and applications in emerging technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence, and is expected to continue to expand its business scope and improve market competitiveness in the future. With the development of emerging technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the research results of this article can provide some development suggestions for emerging big data companies.
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Zhu, He, Yan Liang, Zhaoyang Li, and Chuanbao Qiu. "Theory and Method of Ecological Value Accounting of Forest Resources." Journal of Economic Statistics 1, no. 1 (2023): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.58567/jes01010002.
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Forest resources, as one of the most important natural resources, have high ecological value. The calculation of their ecological value is an important part of improving the accounting of natural resources assets. Based on the analysis of the basic situation of China's forest resources, this paper starts from the economic theory of forest resources, discusses the principle of forest resources in national economic operation, analyzes the output, value, price and other issues of forest resources, and probes into the necessity of studying forest resources. Then, based on the purpose of compiling the balance sheet of natural resources, the forest resources accounting theory was studied from the aspects of subject and object, scope, table design and so on. On the basis of relevant theoretical research, the main ecological functions of different types of forest resources are discussed. In practical calculation, the parameters of some accounting methods are adjusted to adapt to the local situation. Some methods of ecological value calculation such as soil conservation and water conservation are put forward, and some ideas for further improvement are put forward. Finally, taking Qiandao Lake as an example, the ecological value of its forest resources is calculated. Through calculation, the annual soil conservation value of Qiandao Lake forest resources was obtained. Combined with the research conclusion and practice progress, the future research prospect is put forward.
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Zha, Rongyu, Siyuan Wu, Chang Cai, et al. "A Review on Performance Calculation and Design Methodologies for Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Blades." Energies 18, no. 2 (2025): 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020435.
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The efficient, low-cost, and large-scale development and utilization of offshore wind energy resources is an inevitable trend for future growth. With the continuous increase in the scale of wind turbines and their expansion into deep-sea locations, there is an urgent need to develop ultra-long, flexible blades suitable for future high-capacity turbines. Existing reviews in the field of blade design lack a simultaneous focus on the two core elements of blade performance calculation and design methods, as well as a detailed evaluation of specific methods. Therefore, this paper reviews the performance calculation and design methodologies of horizontal-axis wind turbine blades from three aspects: aerodynamic design, structural design, and coupled aero-structural design. A critical introduction to various methods is provided, along with a key viewpoint centered around design philosophy: there is no global optimal solution; instead, the most suitable solution is chosen from the Pareto set according to the design philosophy. This review not only provides a concise and clear overview for researchers new to the field of blade design to quickly acquire key background knowledge but also offers valuable insights for experienced researchers through critical evaluations of various methods and the presentation of core viewpoints. The paper also includes a refined review of extended areas such as aerodynamic add-ons and fatigue characteristics, which broadens the scope of the review to touch on multiple research areas and inspire further research. In future research, it is crucial to identify new key issues and challenges associated with increased blade length and flexibility, address the challenges faced in integrated aero-structural design, and develop platforms and tools that support multi-objective optimization design of blades, ensuring the safe, stable, and orderly development of wind turbines.
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Hamels, Sam. "CO2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082165.
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The European Union strives for sharp reductions in both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy use. Electricity consuming technologies are becoming increasingly important in this context, due to the ongoing electrification of transport and heating services. To correctly evaluate these technologies, conversion factors are needed—namely CO2 intensities and primary energy factors (PEFs). However, this evaluation is hindered by the unavailability of a high-quality database of conversion factor values. Ideally, such a database has a broad geographical scope, a high temporal resolution and considers cross-country exchanges of electricity as well as future evolutions in the electricity mix. In this paper, a state-of-the-art unit commitment economic dispatch model of the European electricity system is developed and a flow-tracing technique is innovatively applied to future scenarios (2025–2040)—to generate such a database and make it publicly available. Important dynamics are revealed, including an overall decrease in conversion factor values as well as considerable temporal variability at both the seasonal and hourly level. Furthermore, the importance of taking into account imports and carefully considering the calculation methodology for PEFs are both confirmed. Future estimates of the CO2 emissions and primary energy use associated with individual electrical loads can be meaningfully improved by taking into account these dynamics.
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O'Keeffe, P. J. L., A. J. Desai, K. Foroughi, et al. "Current Developments in Embedded Value Reporting." British Actuarial Journal 11, no. 3 (2005): 407–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700003226.
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ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the developments in reporting of traditional embedded value and summarises some of the reasons why this is now undergoing change. It considers the purpose of an embedded value calculation and the effect of differing attitudes to risk. It comments on the recently developed European Embedded Value Principles and sets out the main areas where scope remains to apply judgement.The paper proposes the market-consistent embedded value framework as a way forward to help provide guidance in some of these areas, in particular on the choice of discount rate and on calibration of stochastic techniques used to value embedded options and guarantees. The paper recognises that market-consistent embedded values are in relative infancy and sets out areas for possible future development.
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Gazi, Ainal Hoque, Mohammad Saud Afzal, and Subhasish Dey. "Scour around Piers under Waves: Current Status of Research and Its Future Prospect." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112212.
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In this review article, the current status of research on pier scour under waves is presented. This includes a summary of different bridge failure events due to scour, scour mechanism, scour depth predictors under waves, influence of pier shape on scour depth formation, shape of scour hole around piers, and many others. Further, this article describes the scour process, development of scour depth predictors, and the complexity involved in the scour related calculations. Finally, the future scope of research is delineated.
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Rodríguez, Alfredo, David Pérez-López, Enrique Sánchez, et al. "Chilling accumulation in fruit trees in Spain under climate change." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 5 (2019): 1087–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1087-2019.
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Abstract. Growing trees are quite vulnerable to cold temperatures. To minimise the effect of these cold temperatures, they stop their growth over the coldest months of the year, a state called dormancy. In particular, endodormancy requires accumulating chilling temperatures to finish this sort of dormancy. The accumulation of cool temperatures according to specific rules is called chilling accumulation, and each tree species and variety has specific chilling requirements for correct plant development. Under global warming, it is expected that the fulfilment of the chilling requirements to break dormancy in fruit trees could be compromised. In this study, the impact of climate change on the chilling accumulation over peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands was assessed. For this purpose, bias-adjusted results of 10 regional climate models (RCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used as inputs of four different models for calculating chilling accumulation, and the results for each model were individually compared for the 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 future periods under both RCPs. These results project a generalised reduction in chilling accumulation regardless of the RCP, future period or chilling calculation model used, with higher reductions for the 2071–2100 period and the RCP8.5 scenario. The projected winter chill decrease may threaten the viability of some tree crops and varieties in some areas where the crop is currently grown, but also shows scope for varieties with lower chilling requirements. The results are relevant for planning future tree plantations under climate change, supporting adaptation of spatial distribution of tree crops and varieties in Spain.
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Yuan, Xiaojing, and Yechun Xu. "Recent Trends and Applications of Molecular Modeling in GPCR–Ligand Recognition and Structure-Based Drug Design." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 7 (2018): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19072105.
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G protein-coupled receptors represent the largest family of human membrane proteins and are modulated by a variety of drugs and endogenous ligands. Molecular modeling techniques, especially enhanced sampling methods, have provided significant insight into the mechanism of GPCR–ligand recognition. Notably, the crucial role of the membrane in the ligand-receptor association process has earned much attention. Additionally, docking, together with more accurate free energy calculation methods, is playing an important role in the design of novel compounds targeting GPCRs. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the computational studies focusing on the above issues. In the future, with continuous improvement in both computational hardware and algorithms, molecular modeling would serve as an indispensable tool in a wider scope of the research concerning GPCR–ligand recognition as well as drug design targeting GPCRs.
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M, Prof Vaijwade S., Anuj Adhav, Harsh Jain, et al. "Economical Formation Level for Road Pavement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51568.
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Abstract: To establish the most economical estimate for a stretch of road by conducting a survey for RL of different points, calculating a formation level for the road where the quantity of Earthwork i.e., cutting and filling is equal, choosing such a material for pavement design which is gives more strength and is also economical. Selecting the site of a non-constructed road form MGM Institute of Hotel Management to MGM Hospital Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India. Analysing the cost difference in estimate if we change the depth of formation level. Calculating the cost of construction for formation level from depth 98.00m to 99.00m. The cost calculation for earthwork varies with change in depth of formation level. The cost of pavement design is constant for all formation bed. Thus, the only variation is in the cost of construction of pavement surface. We have selected water bound macadam (WBM) pavement surface. As a future scope we will design different pavement surfaces like flexible, rigid and mixed. Designing of these pavement, different layers of the pavement as per IRC specification. The most economical formation level with most economical pavement will become the most durable and economical road design. We would use dumpy level, chain, arrows, tape, ranging rods, tripod, levelling staff for the survey of Reduce levels. Comparing the cost of construction of two types of pavements surfaces.
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Aleksey, Sidorov, and Pererva Viktor. "Determining the regions for efficient use of electrojet lowthrust engines." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 5(99) (2019): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.168446.
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This work addresses the issues on determining the optimal regions for using propulsion system for spacecraft at low near-Earth orbits. An analysis of spacecraft launches over the past 5 years has been performed. The result of analyzing the launches is the type of spacecraft, selected for subsequent calculations, specifically a remote sensing satellite at low near-Earth orbit. We have solved the problem on determining parameters for the trajectory of a spacecraft motion, exposed to external non-permanent forces. Based on an analysis of the external influence, the scope of possible future application of spacecraft propulsion systems has been defined. A comparative analysis has been performed for the mass criterion of efficiency of using propulsion systems based on the chemical mono-component and electro-jet engines in order to solve tasks on maintaining the circular orbit parameters over a long time. For orbit altitudes below 300 km, as was established based on the calculation results, the application of a propulsion system proved to be inefficient due to the need for a large reserve of fuel aboard and a large required engine thrust. For satellites at circular orbits from 350 to 450 km, a propulsion system that includes the Hall-effect- based engine ST-25, manufactured by SETS, proved to be more effective than the chemical propulsion unit. Application of chemical engines to maintain the orbit parameters at altitude above 500 km would be preferable to electro-jet ones due to a relatively small mass of the chemical propulsion system and a sufficient resource of engines operation in order to maintain the orbit. We have obtained parameters for the propulsion system that uses the Hall-effect-based engine ST-25 in order to maintain orbital parameters within different ranges of altitudes, solar activity, and geometrical parameters for a satellite. The result of calculation is the determined necessary resource of operation and the fuel stock to maintain parameters of the orbit. The calculation results obtained could be used to design new satellites and to modify satellite platforms.
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Li, Peixian, Lili Yan, and Dehua Yao. "Study of Tunnel Damage Caused by Underground Mining Deformation: Calculation, Analysis, and Reinforcement." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 18, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4865161.
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Bayueshan tunnel (BYS) is an important construction crossing over coal mine goaf. The underground mining subsidence has led the tunnel cracked seriously in three years after it was built. In order to evaluate the coal mine influence and future stability of the tunnels, probability integral method (PIM) was used to calculate the tunnel deformation. PIM is an experience function method based on random medium theory which is used widely in China. With the parameters analyzed, the tunnels’ subsidence was calculated. The results show that it can interpret the tunnel damage well, and the maximum normal strain positions fit the damaged tunnel positions well. It proved that PIM can be used to evaluate the tunnel’s radial deformation caused by underground coal excavation. In order to maintain tunnels to keep a long-term stability, the future deformation was calculated in case the coal excavation continues. It shows that the tunnel would be cracked again if the excavation continued. Other reasons such as the old goaf deformation and water and vehicle dynamic load are also important reasons for the tunnels’ deformation. In order to keep traffic safety, it needs to reinforce the cracked foundation under the tunnel. Then, grouting injection was proposed to reduce the old goaf deformation under the tunnels. If the fracture zone under the tunnels disturbed by the dynamic traffic load, the old goaf will face a risk of sudden collapse. So, to ensure the grouting effect, the grouting depth should be deeper than the sum of traffic load influence depth and height of coal mine caved fissure zone. The grouting scope should keep all the crack rock area under the tunnel from being disturbed by the dynamic traffic load. This design can reduce the sudden collapse risk of the goaf and reduces the vehicles’ load disturbance on the cracked rock. The researched technology provides an engineering guidance to tunnel subsidence calculation, stability evaluation, and maintenance in complex geological and engineering situations.
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Monteiro, Fátima, and Armando Sousa. "CO2 Emissions Resulting from Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles Using a Macro Perspective." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (2024): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146177.
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Smart grids with EVs have been proposed as a great contribution to sustainability. Considering environmental sustainability is of great importance to humanity, it is essential to assess whether electrical vehicles (EVs) actually contribute to improving it. The objectives of the present study are, from a macro (broad-scope) perspective, to identify the sources of emissions and to create a framework for the calculation of CO2 emissions resulting from large-scale EV use. The results show that V2G mode increases emissions and therefore reduces the benefits of using EVs. The results also show that in the best scenario (NC mode), an EV will have 32.7% less emissions, and in the worst case (V2G mode), it will have 25.6% more emissions than an internal combustion vehicle (ICV), meaning that sustainability improvement is not always ensured. The present study shows that considering a macro perspective is essential to estimate a more comprehensive value of emissions. The main contributions of this work are the creation of a framework for identifying the main contributions to CO2 emissions resulting from large-scale EV integration, and the calculation of estimated CO2 emissions from a macro perspective. These are important contributions to future studies in the area of smart grids and large-scale EV integration, for decision-makers as well as common citizens.
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Malik, Mandeep, Ashwin Kothari, and Rashmi Pandhare. "Scalability Analysis of LoRa and Sigfox in Congested Environment and Calculation of Optimum Number of Nodes." Sensors 24, no. 20 (2024): 6673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24206673.
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Low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies as part of IoT are gaining a lot of attention as they provide affordable communication over large areas. LoRa and Sigfox as part of LPWAN have emerged as highly effective and promising non-3GPP unlicensed band IoT technologies while challenging the supremacy of cellular technologies for machine-to-machine-(M2M)-based use cases. This paper presents the design goals of LoRa and Sigfox while throwing light on their suitability in congested environments. A practical traffic generator of both LoRa and Sigfox is introduced and further interpolated for understanding simultaneous operation of 100 to 10,000 such nodes in close vicinity while establishing deep understanding on effects of collision, re-transmissions, and link behaviour. Previous work in this field have overlooked simultaneous deployment, collision issues, effects of re-transmission, and propagation profile while arriving at a number of successful receptions. This work uses packet error rate (PER) and delivery ratio, which are correct metrics to calculate successful transmissions. The obtained results show that a maximum of 100 LoRa and 200 Sigfox nodes can be deployed in a fixed transmission use case over an area of up to 1 km. As part of the future scope, solutions have been suggested to increase the effectiveness of LoRa and Sigfox networks.
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Никифоров, Владимир, and Дмитрий Тихомиров. "The The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Russian Exporters." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 16, no. 3 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.16.3.2022.30-37.
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The European Union’s commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 led EU states to develop a new legal stimulus mechanism allowing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the ‘Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism’ (‘CBAM’). First introduced in July 2021, the CBAM anticipates an imposition of a special carbon import duty on companies that import certain goods and materials into the EU, with the amount of such duty calculated based on the amount of GHG emissions emitted into the atmosphere in relation to such products.
 CBAM constitutes a part of today’s environmental agenda of the EU, but it obviously places additional financial burden on the shoulders of exporters, including those from Russia, for many of whom the EU has been a strategic market for a long period of time.
 This article provides a summary of findings made as a result of research of available publications that addresses a potential impact of CBAM on the value and financial metrics of those Russian exporters. The authors aim to demonstrate the results of calculations of the additional burden placed on the exporters which arise from CBAM through an analysis of the structure of the export, identification of the economic sectors most affected by CBAM, calculation of a carbon export duty to be potentially paid at the border of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as calculation of required government support for the exporters.This article further evaluates the impact of CBAM while factoring in amendments that were still not covered in comprehensive research papers at the time of publication of the particular research analysed herein. Additionally, a detailed analysis of goods exported to the EU and impacted by CBAM is conducted for the first time, including a list of significant commodity nomenclature codes which are stipulated in the relevant legislation. Finally, recommendations on potential reactions to the impositions of CBAM and their effects on the future growth of the Russian economy are also provided.
 In December 2021, the European Commission proposed a set of stringent amendments to the CBAM draft legislation, expanding the list of goods affected, broadening the emissions scope and accelerating the timeline for implementation of the CBAM. In June 2022 the European Commission agreed to compromise on less-stringent wording which goes outside the scope of this article. The details of proposed amendments assessed in this article thus represent the stricter version of language considered during the review process of the European Commission.
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Wang, Danling. "Comparative Study on the Analysis Methods for the Seismic Resistance of Bridge Structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 267 (2019): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926704014.
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As a kind of destructive natural disasters, earthquake can cause serious damage to the bridges of lifeline projects, which will bring great difficulties to the rescue and relief work. The bridge structure is complex, and people pay increasingly more attention to the research on its seismic resistance. It is very important for designers and researchers to adopt an appropriate analysis method in seismic resistance analysis. This paper briefly summarizes the hazards caused by earthquakes to long-span bridges, and introduces the calculation principles of response spectrum method and time history analysis in detail. Through the comparative study of the two commonly used seismic resistance analysis methods for bridges, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages and the application scope of each method, providing reference for selecting suitable design methods for seismic resistance design. Lastly, it describes the future research trends of response spectrum method and time history analysis.
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Chungang, Miao. "Research on the Housework Compensation System under the Regime of Marital Community Property." Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science 18, no. 4 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jogress/2024/v18i48806.
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Article 1088 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China breaks through the preconditions stipulated in Article 40 of the Marriage Law, expanding the application scope of housework compensation to the marital community property system. This is not a repeated calculation of the value of housework but a compensation measure for the party who undertakes more housework and sacrifices future development opportunities for the family. In modern dual-income families, the housework compensation system under the marital community property system can better achieve substantive equality between spouses. This system of the Civil Code needs to be constructed in detail from a legislative perspective, clarifying its constituent elements. The change in the legislative text is a practical response to the difficulties in the judicial practice of the Marriage Law, correcting the lack of widespread application of the system in judicial practice. When applying the housework compensation system, it should be distinguished from the other two divorce relief systems, with the "principle of fairness" as the main applicable principle; courts should consider both the sacrifices made by the disadvantaged party due to marriage and the benefits obtained from the marriage; at the same time, special circumstances should avoid repeated calculations. This paper uses empirical analysis and other research methods to analyze the implementation effects of the legal system in practice and explores the legal improvement of related legal systems.
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Gavrilă, Vlad, and Teodor Nicolescu. "A Theoretical Framework for the Calculation of the Number of Covalent Bonds in Unsaturated Organic Compounds." American Journal of Physical Chemistry 13, no. 4 (2024): 72–82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20241304.11.
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Theoretical frameworks are important structures that provide novel ways of understanding unique and complex ideas related to many fields of science. Therefore, in this manuscript we try to present a theoretical framework with new general equations that share a similar structure with the index of hydrogen deficiency and can be used to calculate the number of covalent bonds for numerous unsaturated organic molecules. Our mathematical model is based on graph theory combined with classical organic chemistry concepts, and the variables that made up all the general equations are represented by the number of atoms and the valence of those atoms that correspond to unsaturated organic compounds which contain only simple covalent bonds. The main scope of this model is to be used manually by scientists that are interested in performing an easy and fast calculation of bonds and rings for various classes of molecules in order to deduce more information about their possible chemical structures. Other objectives include the possibility for future implementation of computer programs based on IHD like equations similar with the ones that will be presented in this manuscript to help researchers speed up the process of identification and calculation of multiple chemical variables. In essence, our study represents a novel comprehensive methodology for finding the number of covalent bonds and rings in specific chemical compounds.
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Wang, Huimin, and Wei Zhang. "Requirement Analysis of Student Individual Learning Based on the Idea of Lifelong Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 16 (2022): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i16.33759.
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We are currently experiencing a knowledge-chasing society in which acquiring new knowledge and solving new problems are necessary and required skills for people to survive in human society in the future. Therefore, in such a circumstance, it is of certain research value to analyze the requirement satisfaction of Student Individual Learning (SIL) based on the idea of lifelong learning and discover problems in the process of SIL. However, existing studies generally have a few shortcomings such as the too narrow scope of study groups and the undiversified research objects. To this end, this paper took English learning as an example to research the requirement analysis of SIL based on the idea of lifelong learning. In the texts, the paper constructed a requirement satisfaction (RS) model of SIL, gave the calculation method of the learning benefit of SIL, and elaborated on the strategy optimization and selection method of SIL. The effectiveness of the proposed model was verified by experimental results attained in the study.
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Kasianenko, Maksym, and Alla Nahirna. "Metric Quality Analysis in Open-World Video Games." NaUKMA Research Papers. Computer Science 7 (May 12, 2025): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-3808.2024.7.18-24.
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Video games are a very popular aspect of software engineering. However, they require a large time commitment and investment. Creating a modern video game requires a large budget. However, there is a significant risk of not recouping the investment if the game becomes a commercial failure. To ensure that the final product is high-quality, developers use different analytical tools, such as metrics.Despite being used for a long time, metrics still have a limited scope of application. All common metric analysis approaches focus on retaining the audience of an already released product. Moreover, these metrics require end-user data for their calculation, which means they cannot be used for products that are still in development.The solution proposed in the article offers an approach that allows metric analysis for open-world games to begin in early stages of development, based on game requirements. It provides a simple classification of open-world elements that allows developers to describe an open-world map and model a route for the future player. This enables the calculation of a variety of metrics, both graphic and numeric. The metrics help analyze multiple aspects of gameplay, such as difficulty, pacing, and map coverage.To facilitate the application of the metrics, a solution was developed. It contains a graphic editor to populate the world map with oper-world elements, as well as algorithms for metric calculation. Both visual and numeric metrics can be easily observed and analyzed through the app’s interface. The article contains a detailed description of all the metrics, an overview of the developed application, and an analysis of an existing video game using this tool. The analysis successfully identified numerous key characteristics of a game.
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Rudevich, Nataliia, and Dmytro Gapon. "System application strategy of the PowerFactory software environment for professional training under the electrical energy educational program." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (6) (July 9, 2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2023.01.01.
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The paper analyzes the scope of application of the PowerFactory software complex in our country and abroad. The need to integrate the program into the educational process of higher technical institutions of Ukraine was determined. A strategy for the systematic application of the PowerFactory program for the professional training of future specialists in the power industry has been formulated. General recommendations on the integration of the program into the three-level system of training under the educational program “Electroenergetics” have been developed. In particular, based on the results of studies of the first bachelor’s level of higher education, basic knowledge and skills should be formed in the calculation of stable and transient modes, short-circuit currents and stability of power systems, starting electric motors, indicators of the quality of electric energy, network protection, including with the help of a program. This will allow to fully ensure the conceptual and analytical level of assimilation of knowledge. The second master’s level of training should involve mastering the skills of solving atypical professional tasks in the design of electric power facilities and relay protection and automation systems, optimization of modes, dispatch control and prospective development of the network in the PowerFactory environment. This will contribute to the productive and synthetic level of assimilation of the educational material. Mastering the DigSilent – DPL programming language and program interfaces should be a mandatory component of the training of PhD candidates. All this will allow in the future to solve complex problems within the scope of their dissertation research, which may be related to the planning and introduction of the energy system regime, improving the quality of electric energy, coordinating the operation of relay protection systems, automation and power electronics, optimizing the operation of distributed generation sources, ensuring reliability and stability of energy systems, etc.
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Choe, Jiwon, Chirayu Batra, Vladimir Kriventsev, and Deokjung Lee. "MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF NEUTRONICS START-UP TESTS AT CHINA EXPERIMENTAL FAST REACTOR (CEFR)." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710008.
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China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) is a small size sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) with a high neutron leakage core fueled by uranium oxide. The CEFR core with 20 MW(e) power reached its first criticality in July 2010, and several start-up tests were conducted from 2010 to 2011. The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) proposed to release some of the neutronics start-up test data for the IAEA benchmark within the scope of the IAEA’s coordinated research activities through the coordinated research project (CRP) on “Neutronics Benchmark of CEFR Start-Up Tests”, launched in 2018. This benchmark aims to perform validation and verification of the physical models and the neutronics simulation codes by comparing calculation results against collected experimental data. The six physics start-up tests considered for this CRP include evaluation of the criticality, control rod worth, void reactivity, temperature coefficient, swap reactivity, and foil irradiation. Twenty-nine participating research organizations are performing independent blind calculations during the first phase of the project. As a part of this coordinated research, IAEA performed neutronics calculations using Monte Carlo code SERPENT. Two kinds of 3D core models, homogenous and heterogeneous, were calculated using SERPENT, with ENDF/B-VII.0 continuous energy library. Preliminary results with a reasonably good estimation of criticality, as well as theoretically sound results of other five test cases, are available. The paper will discuss the core modelling assumptions, challenges and key findings of modelling a dense SFR core, preliminary results of the first phase of the CRP, heterogeneity impact analysis between homogenous core models and heterogeneous core models and future work to be performed as a part of this four-year project.
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Ho, Junming. "Predicting pKa in Implicit Solvents: Current Status and Future Directions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 10 (2014): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14040.
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Computational prediction of condensed phase acidity is a topic of much interest in the field today. We introduce the methods available for predicting gas phase acidity and pKas in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents including high-level electronic structure methods, empirical linear free energy relationships (LFERs), implicit solvent methods, explicit solvent statistical free energy methods, and hybrid implicit–explicit approaches. The focus of this paper is on implicit solvent methods, and we review recent developments including new electronic structure methods, cluster-continuum schemes for calculating ionic solvation free energies, as well as address issues relating to the choice of proton solvation free energy to use with implicit solvation models, and whether thermodynamic cycles are necessary for the computation of pKas. A comparison of the scope and accuracy of implicit solvent methods with ab initio molecular dynamics free energy methods is also presented. The present status of the theory and future directions are outlined.
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Razu, Semyon Borisovich. "Analysis of foreign practice of tax incentives for the development of high-tech industry." Налоги и налогообложение, no. 3 (March 2024): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2024.3.70683.
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The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budget funds under the state assignment of the Financial University. The subject of the study is specific measures in the field of tax regulation of industrial development by the leading industrial powers of the world. The purpose of the work is to explore the use of tax instruments to influence the manufacturing sector of various countries and the areas of their application, considering their evolution and development. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises, which in the future can be introduced into taxation practice in the Russian Federation in order to stimulate the achievement of the country's technological sovereignty. The main methods used in this study are comparison, classification, statistical and retrospective analysis, as well as economic and mathematical calculations. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of tax mechanisms for high-tech industry in industrialized countries, general trends in the development of such mechanisms, as well as justifying the feasibility of using their experience in the Russian Federation. In addition, the novelty lies in making proposals for the adaptation and modification of these mechanisms to Russian economy. The scope of the work is the tax system of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions are the identification among the analyzed instruments the most suitable ones for our country in the current conditions, which in the future can have a stimulating effect on the formation of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, as well as calculation of the potential tax benefits for high-tech industry enterprises.
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Zagretdinov, I. Sh, V. V. Kucherov, Ya V. Zakharov, and I. I. Shabanov. "The Centenary of Teploelektroproekt Institute: from the Past to the Future." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 4 (2019): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-4-264-273.
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The article is devoted to the one-hundredth anniversary of Teploelektroproekt Institute, and presents areas of the institute’s current activities. Despite the difficult conditions, the financial and economic crisis, the Institute continues to be one of the leading design organizations in the field of developing projects of thermal power plants operating on organic fuels (coal, natural gas, fuel oil) with the installation of steam-turbine, steam-gas, gas turbine units and substations of various voltages, in terms of its production capacity, technical equipment, scope of work performed and scale of orders received. The technical policy of the Institute is orientated at the future, the key objective being ensuring a high scientific and technical level of projects, and technical and commercial proposals developed by the Institute. The Institute uses cutting edge technologies in the development of technical documentation; introduces advanced technical solutions throughout the project and conducts its uniform policy for the projects under development; provides consistently high quality of technical documentation on the basis of continuous improvement of its quality management system; improves methods of calculation/mathematical models and their implementation in the design process; ensures comprehensive and total accounting of the Customer’s requirements at preparation of technical and commercial offers, design of new and/or reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing power-generating facilities; maintains close relations with scientific and design organizations, manufacturers of equipment, products and materials for the purpose of introduction of available advanced scientific and technical achievements in project documentation. Standardized layouts of the main buildings are designed for pulverized coal-based generating units of ultra-supercritical steam conditions, for circulating fluidized bed boilers, flue gas denitrification and desulphurization plants, for combined cycle plants. Examples of the power plant designing are presented for industrial facilities utilizing nonconventional fuels. A short description is given about the institute’s references in the field of construction of combined cycle and cogeneration plants as well as pulverized coal-based plants.
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Song, Xinkun. "Research on Low Carbon Transformation Strategies for Post operation and Maintenance of Land Consolidation Projects from the Perspective of Carbon Efficiency Calculation." Frontiers in Science and Engineering 5, no. 3 (2025): 328–37. https://doi.org/10.54691/bfxjbq38.
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This study focuses on the later operation and maintenance stage of land consolidation projects. Against the backdrop of the "dual carbon" goal, from the perspective of carbon efficiency measurement, it deeply analyzes the factors affecting carbon emissions and constructs a corresponding low-carbon strategy system. Through literature research, case analysis, and a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was found that the carbon emissions during the later operation and maintenance of land consolidation projects are influenced by multiple factors such as energy consumption, land use patterns, and agricultural inputs. Based on this, a low-carbon strategy system covering energy structure optimization, land use optimization, agricultural production management, carbon compensation and trading has been constructed. This study contributes to enriching the research content of carbon effects in land consolidation projects, providing guidance for the practice of land consolidation projects, and promoting the green and low-carbon development of the land consolidation industry. However, research has data limitations and low-carbon strategies face various constraints in practical applications. Future research can expand the scope of cases, conduct in-depth analysis of constraints, and explore collaborative development across multiple fields.
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Andreev, Stepan N., Yuri K. Kurilenkov, and Alexander V. Oginov. "Fully Electromagnetic Code KARAT Applied to the Problem of Aneutronic Proton–Boron Fusion." Mathematics 11, no. 18 (2023): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11184009.
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In this paper, the full electromagnetic code KARAT is presented in detail, the scope of which is a computational experiment in applied problems of engineering electrodynamics. The basis of the physical model used is Maxwell’s equations together with boundary conditions for fields, as well as material equations linking currents with field strengths. The Particle in Cell (PiC) method for the kinetic description of plasma is implemented in the code. A unique feature of the code KARAT is the possibility of the self-consistent modeling of inelastic processes, in particular, nuclear reactions, at each time step in the process of electrodynamic calculation. The aneutronic proton–boron nuclear reaction, accompanied by the release of almost only α-particles, is extremely in demand in medicine and, perhaps, in the future, will form the basis for obtaining “clean” nuclear energy. The results of a numerical simulation within the framework of the code KARAT of the key physical processes leading to the proton–boron fusion are presented and discussed both for laser-driven plasma and for a plasma oscillatory confinement scheme.
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Oliveira Junior, Francisco Ferreira de, and Cybelle Façanha Barreto Medeiros Linard. "Construction and validation of a script for educational technology in video format on Palliative Care for pediatric resident physicians." Concilium 24, no. 5 (2024): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3128-24f13.
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Objective: To build and validate a script for educational technology in video format on Palliative Care (PC) for resident doctors in pediatric training. Method: methodological study carried out from 2023 to 2024 in four stages: cross-sectional benchmarking study seeking to identify available educational videos on PC in Pediatrics; scope review in search of topics covered in PC education aimed at doctors in pediatric training; construction of a script for educational technology in video format, following the recommended pre-production steps: synopsis or story line, argument, script and storyboard; validation of script content with expert judges, through the calculation of the Content Validity Index (CVI). After production and post-production of the video, the final product will be released for use by the target audience digitally. Results: A script was created addressing bad news communication in Pediatrics, with its content validated with a CVI of 0.99 among the expert judges. Conclusion: The study reinforced the importance of the topic addressed and contributed to the training of future pediatricians.
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Septiani, Noer Azni, and Fadhillah Luthfi Ramadhan. "Penerapan Forward Chaining Dengan Z-Score Untuk Monitoring Gizi Balita." Brahmana : Jurnal Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan 6, no. 1 (2024): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.30645/brahmana.v6i1.531.
Full textAbstract:
The development of toddlers is a critical phase in human life that requires careful attention and monitoring. One of the efforts that can be done for parents is to monitor the health condition of mothers and babies regularly and to the Integrated Service Post or commonly known as Posyandu. Parents who have difficulty monitoring and understanding their child's development appropriately. At the age of toddlers, children experience rapid physical and cognitive growth, forming the basis for their future health and well-being. Posyandu Ekadyasa Tangerang, posyandu cadres admitted that they often get obstacles in searching for data, recording data, to mistakes in entering data that is done manually, with manual data recording causes difficulties if books or note paper are damaged or lost, so that cadres experience difficulties in checking data again. This data collection is needed to understand babies who are under the Anthropometric standard of nutritional assessment. The calculation uses anthropometry and Zscore calculations, observing the nutritional tolerance part in toddlers, from the above problems the author aims to develop a monitoring system that can provide appropriate advice and recommendations to parents or health workers based on the results of nutritional monitoring of toddlers by using the application of the forwad chaning method with the development method used is XP
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Apollo, Magdalena, Agata Siemaszko, and Emilia Miszewska-Urbańska. "The selected roof covering technologies in the aspect of their life cycle costs." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (2018): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0053.
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AbstractIn the article is presented an analysis of the life cycle costs calculation for selected roof coverings. The scope of research includes costs of construction, maintenance and demolition of the roof covering structure for two alternative technologies – the traditional and new generation. On the presented example of an industrial building with a roof area of 1000 m2, the above costs are taken to consideration for the roof covering made of two thermoplastic asphalt torching polymer membrane layers and a new generation PVC thermoplastic film with a reinforcing layer. The input data presented in the article comes from the investor (the owner of the future facility) and from property managers responsible for the maintenance of facilities in regard to the purpose, volume and applied method.The subject of the research is the analysis of the range of impact of the selected roof covering technology on the long-term costs of its maintenance. The aim of the research conducted by the authors is to indicate the possibility of reducing the costs related to the maintenance and elimination of a selected building structure (roof covering) in the assumed period of its operation for 70 years.
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Li, Xiaoping, Sai Hu, Lifu Jiang, Bing Han, Jie Li, and Xuan Wei. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and the Development Path of Land-Use Carbon Emissions from a Low-Carbon Perspective: A Case Study of Guizhou Province." Land 12, no. 10 (2023): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12101875.
Full textAbstract:
Land-use change and regional carbon emissions are closely related. In-depth research on the mechanism of land-use carbon emissions is conducive for clarifying the direction and focus of future low-carbon construction work. Carbon emissions calculation models were used to calculate total carbon emissions in Guizhou Province and reveal their spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The results were as follows. (1) The land-use structure of Guizhou Province underwent a significant change from 2009 to 2019, in particular with regard to cultivated and construction land. (2) Land-use carbon emissions in Guizhou Province were increasing annually, and this was related to urbanization, population density, and energy consumption. (3) There were spatial differences in the regional distribution of carbon emissions, their intensity, and carbon emissions per capita in Guizhou Province. Additionally, there were spatial clusters of cities with high or low emissions intensity. Therefore, there is scope for constructive proposals concerning sustainable land use and development, such as controlling the total amount and intensity of construction land, optimizing the structure of land use, managing the rational distribution of the population, constantly advancing the optimization of industrial structure, and improving the relevant policies.
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Ouma, Stefan, and Saumya Premchander. "Labour, Efficiency, Critique: writing the plantation into the technological present-future." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 54, no. 2 (2021): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x211065452.
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In this commentary, we call upon critical labour scholars, including labour geographers, to feature what sociologist Palmer called the ‘thrust of efficiency’ more centrally in their work. We put forth that the push for efficiency, as made possible by digital technology, needs to be analysed in terms of its historical lineage as well as in terms of its geographical scope. Centreing efficiency in critical labour studies, necessitates three scholarly moves. These are particularly relevant for labour geography, a field that has so far tended to circumvent questions of coloniality/labour, digital Taylorism, and the politics of (re-)writing economic geographies, in by-passing the literatures that deal with them. The plantation, an analytical category and ontic reality that stretches across several yet often unconnected bodies of literature – literary studies, Black Geographies, Caribbean studies, and the Black Radical Tradition, as well as in Global History – is central to our effort. Eventually, writing the plantation into the technological present-future can be the starting point for a larger and historico-geographically informed critique, in economic geography and beyond, of efficiency, a mode of thinking-cum-praxis based on input–output calculations, objectifying practices, violent value extraction and the removal of undesired ‘social frictions’ for the sake of capital accumulation.
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Gaarder, Jørn Emil, Helga Therese Tilley Tajet, Andreas Dobler, Hans Olav Hygen, and Tore Kvande. "Future Climate Projections and Uncertainty Evaluations for Frost Decay Exposure Index in Norway." Buildings 14, no. 9 (2024): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092873.
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To implement the geographical and future climate adaptation of building moisture design for building projects, practitioners need efficient tools, such as precalculated climate indices to assess climate loads. Among them, the Frost Decay Exposure Index (FDEI) describes the risk of freezing damage for clay bricks in facades. Previously, the FDEI has been calculated for 12 locations in Norway using 1961–1990 measurements. The purpose of this study is both updating the FDEI values with new climate data and future scenarios and assessing how such indices may be suitable as a climate adaptation tool in building moisture safety design. The validity of FDEI as an expression of frost decay potential is outside the scope of this study. Historical data from the last normal period as well as future estimated climate data based on 10 different climate models forced by two emission scenarios (representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5) have been analyzed. The results indicate an overall decline in FDEI values on average, due to increased winter temperatures leading to fewer freezing events. Further, the variability between climate models and scenarios necessitates explicit uncertainty evaluations, as single climate model calculations may result in misleading conclusions due to high variability between models.