To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Carbon-Sulphur Surface.
Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon-Sulphur Surface'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Carbon-Sulphur Surface.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Suri, Deepika, V. K. Sharma, R. G. Upadhyay, Anjali K, Gazala Nazir, and Ankit Kumar. "Depth-wise fractionation of sulphur in cultivated soils of low and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh." Environment Conservation Journal 22, no. 1&2 (2021): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.221223.
Full textAbstract:
The current investigation was conducted to study the fractions of sulphur in nine districts of low and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. For this purpose 31 representative soil sampling sites were selected from nine districts and the soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties and different fractions of sulphur (water soluble sulphur, exchangeable sulphur, available sulphur, non-sulphate sulphur, organic sulphur and total sulphur). The results indicated that the total sulphur in soils varied from 98.2 to 470.1 mg kg-1 in surface soil (0-15 cm) and 67.2 to 370.7 mg kg-1 in sub-surface layer (15-60 cm). The organic sulphur varied from 80.5 to 401.1 mg kg-1 in surface and 44 to 306.1 mg kg-1 in sub-surface layer. The water soluble sulphur, exchangeable sulphur, available sulphur and non-sulphate sulphur varied from 1.7 to 9.2, 2.7 to 18.4, 4.5 to 27.6 and 10.2 to 58.9 mg kg-1 respectively in surface soil and 0.5 to 5.4, 1 to 17.7, 3.7 to 23.5 and 12.5 to 50.2 mg kg-1, respectively in sub-surface soil. It was observed during course of study that with increase in the soil depth the content of different fractions of sulphur decreased. These soils had the major part of their total sulphur content in organic form followed by non-sulphate sulphur, available sulphur, exchangeable sulphur and water soluble sulphur. It can be concluded that the soil texture and organic carbon content played a major role in determining the quantity of different fractions of sulphur in these soils.
2
Motta, M. S., A. Moisala, I. A. Kinloch, and A. H. Windle. "The Role of Sulphur in the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapour Deposition at High Temperatures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 5 (2008): 2442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.500.
Full textAbstract:
Sulphur has been recognised as a growth promoter for carbon fibres and carbon nanotubes for over 30 years. Moreover, the Fe-C-S system, in particular, has been extensively studied for more than half a century in the fields of steelmaking and cast iron. In the present work we examine the role of sulphur in the iron-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes during the process of direct spinning of fibres from the gas phase. A detailed microstructural characterisation of the reaction products was conducted by high resolution TEM and EELS composition mapping on a dedicated FEG STEM (VG HB 501) equipped with Cs aberration correctors. Our results agree with previous works in classical metallurgy, indicating that sulphur forms a layer on the surface of the catalyst particles that plays a role in encouraging nanotube growth by surface diffusion.
3
Morya, Rahul, S. K. Trivedi, Shashi S. Yadav, and Anjali Bhargava. "Determine the Correlation between Different Forms of Sulphur in Surface Soil of Ashoknagar District of MP." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (2023): 2133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193765.
Full textAbstract:
Sulphur is one of the essential elements for plant growth. It is an important constituent of man,y enzymes and amino acids. Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation are attributed to the type of sulphur linkage present. Sulphur has been found to help the synthesis of amino acids and hence increase the protein content of plants, boosting the oil content. Today, the Sulfur (S) research has extended to various soils, crops cropping systems and different sources of sulphur. Several soil factors influence the availability of sulphur and hence the status of different forms of sulphur in soil varies widely with soil types. Keeping in view, One hundred twenty-five GPS-based surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from five blocks (Mungaoli, Chanderi, Ishagarh, Ashoknagar and Sadora) of Ashoknagar district from April to May 2017. Soils were studied for their physical and chemical characteristics and status of different forms of sulphur and their relationship with different soil properties.The different forms of sulphur, that is water soluble, available, organic and total-S were observed in the range of 1.23 – 7.67, 4.36 – 40.25, 89.08 – 194.53 and 167.45 – 422.20 mg kg-1 under different villages of the investigated area with the average value of 4.09, 14.68, 124.21 and 309.17 mg kg-1, respectively. Out of 125 surface samples, 36 samples (28.8%) were found under deficient, 72 (57.6%) under medium and 17 (13.6%) samples were found in sufficient category. The availability of sulphur increased with an increase in organic carbon and clay content in the soil. The correlation study revealed that organic carbon had a greater impact on different forms of sulphur followed by soil texture. It suggested that organic matter was the main contributing factor affecting the sulphur availability in soil. Total S maintained a significant positive association with all the forms of sulphur. Such a relationship suggests that sulphur exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium in these soils.
4
Natrayan, L., Dhinakaran Veeman, Pravin P. Patil, V. Swamy Nadh, P. Balamurugan, and Muse Degefe Chewaka. "Surface State Treatment of Carbon Dots Using Sulphur Dioxide Isotherm." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (April 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7387409.
Full textAbstract:
Low toxicity carbon dots are combating the disadvantages of quantum dots. The carbon dots find their applications in many fields due to their versatile nature. Four different types of carbon dots are present, according to the way of manufacturing and application the type is chosen. The water-soluble characteristics of carbon dots help them be involved in biomedicine applications. The optical properties of the carbon dots find applications as drug delivery, biosensors, LED, etc. The properties like fluorescence, photoluminescence, and phosphorescence are found in the carbon dots. The carbon dots occupy the tiny spot that exhibits different optical properties on excitation. The carbon dots excitation is mainly due to surface states. The characterization of surface states is very complex. The surface states contain the core structure of carbon and oxygen functional groups on the surfaces. The anions and cations formed from functional groups on excitation will recombine themselves. The functional groups are usually carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The Π-collaborative network of the electronic structure contains many quantization levels which help the carbon dots to produce different wavelengths adapting to different applications. Due to the interference of the structure of the carbon dots, the entire property will vary. Doping of heteroatom methods is employed to enhance the fluorescence, and photoluminescence property carried out. They used N, S, P, and B heteroatoms singly and in combination to doping carbon dots. Here, the paper proposes the sulphur dioxide adsorption technique to enhance the optical properties of the carbon dots. The proposed method shows 8.5% efficiency in relative fluorescence intensity and 8% efficiency in terms of photoluminescence intensity.
5
Siong, Chai Kah, Mathialagan Muniyadi, and Yamuna Munusamy. "Optimization of compounding formulation for the development of high-preformance coating material using waste tire powder for gasket application." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012059.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nitrile butadiene rubber latex (NBRL) based gasket materials were extensively used in the past due to their excellent oil resistance, good abrasion resistance, and shock absorption as well as good high-temperature stability. Recently, carbon black has been introduced to further improve the oil absorption properties and thermal performance of the gasket materials which increased the total costing and makes the processing difficult due to the agglomeration of carbon black in NBRL. Thus, in this research, waste tire powder (WTP) was introduced to develop high-performance coating materials as an alternative to carbon black in NBRL gasket material. Optimization of new compounding formulation has been carried out by manipulating the WTP loading and hybrid WTP-carbon black filler loading. The filler loading was selected based on the desired surface texture and coating thickness. The experience was also carried out by varying the WTP, Sulphur, and plasticizer loading. The desired surface texture and thickness of coating materials were developed at WTP loading of 80phr and 90phr. Whereas, the optimum Sulphur loading was achieved at 1phr - 2phr, and plasticizer loading of 10phr and 15phr. From the experiments carried out, the optimum loading of WTP was 90phr which gives a fully contained gasket composite. Furthermore, DOP optimum loading is 15phr which gives a smooth surface appearance. Lastly, Sulphur with 1phr gives a more even surface texture as compared to 2phr loading.
6
Hao, Shi Xiong, Xing Yong Liu, and Zu Xiao Yu. "Effect of Deashing Treatment on the Coal Structure and Surface Groups." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.330.
Full textAbstract:
One Datong (China) coal was deashed by a mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and distilled water. The textures of the coal samples were investigated by N2 adsorption at 77 K. The surface groups on coals were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the coal texture has been changed after deashing treatment. The XPS results showed that the dominant forms of carbon on the surface of raw coal are C-C and C-H, the dominant forms of oxygen are COO-and C-O, and dominant forms of sulphur is thiophenes sulphur. The de-ashing treatments resulted in the elimination of sulphur and a decrease of oxygen adsorbed on the coal surface.
7
Masuko, M., A. Suzuki, and T. Ueno. "Influence of Chemical and Physical Contaminants on the Antiwear Performance of Model Automotive Engine Oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 220, no. 5 (2006): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x34053.
Full textAbstract:
The antiwear performance of simulated used-engine-oil that contained a chemical contaminant (degraded zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP)) was studied with and without physical contamination (carbon black) using a four-ball tribometer. By reacting with cumene hydroperoxide, sec-C6-ZnDTP was degraded and produced many compounds containing both phosphorous and sulphur. The simulated used-oils were found to promote wear. This wear was considered to be due to corrosive wear by the excess reaction of surfaces with the sulphur contained in the degraded compounds. Carbon black was used to model carbon soot, which is another key substance of degraded engine oils, especially in diesel engines, to study the synergism between chemical contamination (ZnDTP degradation) and physical contamination (carbon soot contamination). Carbon black increased wear irrespective of the level of ZnDTP degradation, and the acceleration was much greater in the degraded oils. The wear acceleration by carbon black was observed even when the antiwear film from ZnDTP was already present on the surface. It was suggested that the wear acceleration by carbon black was due to abrasion.
8
MOHTASHIM, QURATULAIN, and MURIEL RIGOUT. "SURFACE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF C.I. LEUCO SULPHUR BLACK 1 DYED COTTON FABRIC AFTER-TREATED WITH PLANT-DERIVED TANNIN-BASED PROTECTIVE AGENT." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 7-8 (2021): 883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.74.
Full textAbstract:
In this investigation, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic technique has been used to examine the surface chemistry of C.I. Leuco Sulphur Black 1 dyed cotton fabric, which has been after-treated with a tannin-based commercial product, Bayprotect CL, and laundered in accordance with ISO 105 C06 and C09 washing protocols. The dyeings were evaluated for colour strength, wash fastness and colour loss. Surface chemical compositions of the dyeings were analysed to relate visual changes with surface chemical changes. Alterations in percentage atomic concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur were compared for untreated, after-treated, unlaundered and laundered dyed samples. After-treated and laundered dyed samples exhibited higher content of surface sulphur and lower surface oxidation, as compared to the untreated counterparts. The S (2p) spectra of after-treated and laundered samples demonstrated reduced over-oxidised (S6+) species at 168 eV. There was 5% and 4% less surface oxidation for ISO 105 C06 and C09 washing systems, respectively.
9
Ranjan, R., SK Srivastava, and AL Ramanathan. "An assessment of hydrogeochemistry of two wetlands located in Bihar State in subtropical climatic zone of India." Environmental Earth Sciences 76, no. 1 (2016): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3262640.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 30 water samples and 8 sediment samples were collected and chemically analysed for major ions (Na?,K ?, Mg 2?, Ca 2?, HCO3-, SO 4 2-, Cl -, NO 3 -, silica, PO43-,F-), trace elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu), minerals and nutrients to determine the factors that control the chemistry of water in the Kawar-Tal and Kusheshwar-Asthan wetlands in the Bihar State of India. These analyses indicate that Ca2? and HCO3- ions are the most dominant ions in both of the wetlands. It also indicates rock weathering is a major source of ions in these wetlands, particularly the dissolution of carbonate minerals. The hydrogeochemistry of water in KusheshwarAsthan is favouring kaolinite formation and in Kawar-Tal favouring kaolinite–gibbsite formation. Quartz (*36%), clay minerals (*21%) and chlorite (*10%) are the dominant minerals in both the wetlands. Orthoclase (*12.49%), calcite (*7.51%) and illite (4.89%) minerals are only available in Kawar-Tal surface sediment, while albite (6.29%) and biotite (*13.6%) minerals are only available in Kusheshwar-Asthan. Total carbon (*3%), inorganic carbon (0.9%), organic carbon (*2.1%), total sulphur (*0.0008%), nitrogen (*0.55%) and phosphate (*0.96%) are available in Kawar-Tal surface sediments, while total carbon (*2.38%), inorganic carbon (0.55%), organic carbon (*1.84%), total sulphur (*0.001%), nitrogen (*0.62%) and phosphate (*0.64%) are available in Kusheshwar-Asthan surface sediments. The study indicates wetlands are rich in nutrient for biological activities and are sufficient to support the biodiversity, but few locations are influenced by anthropogenic activities which cause the increase of sulphur, chloride, iron and lead.
10
Dudek, Magdalena. "The Impact of the Organic Form of Sulphur Originating from Coal on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.341.
Full textAbstract:
De-ashed coal samples involving from 0 to 0.6 %wt organic sulphur were investigated as solid fuels in a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC). Prior to electrochemical investigations, the corrosion resistance of cell components in the coal bed was investigated at 900°C for 500h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the presence of sulphur on the surface of the yttria fully-stabilised zirconia (8 %mol Y2O3 in ZrO2, 8YSZ) as well as the surface of the Ni-8YSZ cermet anode following these tests. The electrochemical oxidation of coal on the surface of 8YSZ as well as that of the Ni-8YSZ cermet anode was investigated at a temperature range of 580–850°C. It was found that the presence of the organic form of sulphur as an impurity of coal caused a more rapid decrease in current during operation of a DC-SOFC with an 8YSZ electrolyte under load. The unfavourable impact of this form of sulphur on the electrochemical oxidation of coal on the Ni-8YSZ surface is more complicated than in the case of the 8YSZ electrolyte. In the DC-SOFC with Ni-8YSZ anode material, the presence of organic form of sulphur in de-ashed coal leads to depreciation of the Ni-8YSZ anode material.
11
Abdulrasak*, Y. L., Ambali, M. I., Raji, B. A., Dunmoye, A. Y., Ebosele, E. O., and Abdullahi, O. M. "ASSESMENT OF SULPHUR IN RELATION TO SELECTED PROPERTIES IN SOILS OF ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KWARA STATE." Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 4, no. 3 (2024): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v4i3.800.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted on the sulphur content and its relationship with some selected soil properties at Ilorin East Local Government, Kwara State in 2021. An analysis of twenty samples each from two depths (0 - 15 cm and 15 – 30 cm) of soil on the study site was conducted to determine selected physical and chemical properties, total and available sulphur content. Results showed that the total sulphur content ranges from 1.15 to 37.25 mgkg-1, the available sulphur content (HCL) ranges from 0.04 to 2.5 mgkg-1 and the available sulphur content (EDTA extracted) ranges from 0.1 to 4.5 mgkg-1. There were positive correlations observed between the different forms of sulphur within the soils, although total sulphur showed a negative correlation to available suphur (HCL) in the surface soils. All the forms of sulphur showed a negative correlation with organic carbon content and pH. Sodium, calcium, and potassium correlated positively with different forms of sulphur. It was observed that, sulphur content of the soils of Ilorin East Local Government Area were generally deficient. The top layer of the soils was low in sulphur content. Equilibrium between the different forms of sulphur present in the soil was also observed.
12
Xiang, Feng, Jizhou Li, and Zhongde Liu. "pH-Dependent photoluminescence “switch-on” nanosensors composed of silver nanoparticles and nitrogen and sulphur co-doped carbon dots for discriminative detection of biothiols." Analyst 144, no. 23 (2019): 7057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01488h.
Full textAbstract:
A nanomaterial surface energy transfer (NSET) system composed of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nitrogen and sulphur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) was established to discriminate biothiols, featuring the pH-promoted distinct PL “switch-on” response.
13
Youssef, A. M., M. R. Mostafa, and E. M. Dorgham. "Coal-Based Activated Carbons for the Removal of Sulphur Dioxide via Adsorption." Adsorption Science & Technology 15, no. 10 (1997): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749701501006.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride-activated carbons and steam-activated carbons were prepared from Maghara coal. The textural properties were determined from low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Zinc chloride activation is usually associated with the creation of new micropores while steam activation involves pore widening particularly when the percentage burn-off is high. The adsorption of SO2 on steam-activated carbon is high compared with ZnCl2-activated carbons. Steam activation develops surface basic groups which provide chemisorption sites for SO2. The adsorption of SO2 is enhanced in the presence of O2 and water vapour and involves the formation of sulphuric acid in this case. Sulphur dioxide adsorption is related to the chemistry of the carbon surface rather than to the extent of the surface area of the activated carbon.
14
Moreno-Castilla, C., I. Fernández-Morales, M. Domingo-Garcia, and F. J. López-Garzón. "Carbon molecular sieves produced by the fixation of sulphur surface complexes." Chromatographia 20, no. 12 (1985): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02282927.
Full text
15
Poleunis, C., X. Vanden Eynde, E. Grivei, H. Smet, N. Probst, and P. Bertrand. "ToF-SIMS and XPS study of sulphur on carbon black surface." Surface and Interface Analysis 30, no. 1 (2000): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-9918(200008)30:1<420::aid-sia750>3.0.co;2-z.
Full text
16
Technology, Adsorption Science and. "Retracted: Surface State Treatment of Carbon Dots Using Sulphur Dioxide Isotherm." Adsorption Science & Technology 2023 (December 20, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9780615.
Full text
17
Deogade, A. V., R. Shinde, T. Chitdeshwari, D. Muthumanickam, and M. Maheswari. "GIS-Based Soil Mapping of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Study on Sulphur Content and Associated Soil Properties." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 3 (2024): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i3338.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of sulphur in agriculture is evident because plants require sulphur for the synthesis of essential amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and coenzymes and to activate certain enzymes. Advanced techniques like global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS) and precision agriculture facilitate soil secondary nutrient mapping, providing quantitative support for decision and policy-making to improve agricultural approaches for balanced nutrition. Thus, thematic maps help design appropriate strategies to enhance the productivity of crops. A study was carried out in the Nagapattinam district to assess sulphur status and soil properties, create a data bank, and prepare thematic maps. A total of 1631 geo-referenced surface soil samples covering 11 blocks in Nagapattinam district were collected randomly at 0-15 cm depth and analyzed for various soil properties, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), free CaCO3. The overall soil reaction in the Nagapattinam district at different blocks was mainly neutral, with low soil salinity hazards. The data on organic carbon status in the soils was medium. The average free calcium carbonate status in the soils of different blocks revealed moderately calcareous. The average available sulphur was found to be in the range of 54.4 to 153 mg kg-1. Higher availability of sulphur with a combined average of 84.8 mg kg-1 was noticed in the soils of the entire district and could be attributed to the high organic carbon content and heavy texture of the soils.
18
Viomar, Aline, Bianca Vanjura, Marilei de Fátima Oliveira, and Paulo Rogério Pinto Rodrigues. "Improving the Carbon Steel Surface Treatment Process." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.161.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon steel is widely employed in the production of parts and machinery which supply the most diverse industrial sectors, such as the production of domestic appliances and cars. However, it presents low chemical resistance, being necessary the superficial treatment with anti-corrosion substances. Most conventional surface treatments present harmful components to the environment and to life in general, as for instance, nickel, which is used in the phosphatization processes. More recently, researchers have been pointing to surface treatments which employ nanoceramics as potential substitutes to phosphatization. This study aims to develop a nanoceramic treatment to the carbon steel 1008, based on self-assembling molecule (SAM) and titanium dioxide. Carbon steel samples were SAM treated and then immersed in a solution containing TiO2. A chemometric study was developed to evaluate the best treatment conditions, using the software Designer Expert. For the electrochemical characterization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were carried out. Results revealed that the SAM + TiO2 coating presents higher resistance to polarization than the samples treated with zinc phosphate, in a 0.01 mol L-1 sulphur acid medium.
19
LINDTKE, J., S. B. ZIEGENBALG, B. BRUNNER, J. M. ROUCHY, C. PIERRE, and J. PECKMANN. "Authigenesis of native sulphur and dolomite in a lacustrine evaporitic setting (Hellín basin, Late Miocene, SE Spain)." Geological Magazine 148, no. 4 (2011): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811000124.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAbundant sulphur is present in the Late Miocene evaporitic sequence of the lacustrine Hellín basin in SE Spain. Weathering of Triassic evaporites controlled the chemical composition of the Miocene lake. The lacustrine deposits comprise gypsum, marlstones, diatomites and carbonate beds. Sulphur-bearing carbonate deposits predominantly consist of early diagenetic dolomite. Abundant dolomite crystals with a spheroidal habit are in accordance with an early formation and point to a microbial origin. The carbon isotopic composition of the dolomite (δ13C values between −10 and −4‰) indicates mixing of lake water carbonate and carbonate derived from the remineralization of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria. Dolomite precipitated syngenetically under evaporitic conditions as indicated by high oxygen isotope values (δ18O between +6 and +11‰). Nodules of native sulphur are found in gypsum, carbonate beds and marlstone layers. Sulphur formed in the course of microbial sulphate reduction, as reflected by its strong depletion in34S (δ34S values as low as −17‰). Near to the surface many of the sulphur nodules were in part or completely substituted by secondary gypsum, which still reflects the sulphur isotopic composition of native sulphur (−18 to −10‰). This study exemplifies the role of bacterial sulphate reduction in the formation of dolomite and native sulphur in a semi-enclosed lacustrine basin during Late Miocene time.
20
Nisab, C. P. Mohammed, G. K. Ghosh, Mamta Sahu, and M. C. Kundu. "Vertical Distribution of Forms of Sulphur in Relation to Physicochemical Properties of Lateritic Soils of Eastern India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (2023): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183286.
Full textAbstract:
Sulphur (S) deficiency is widespread in Indian soils, and it has been emerging as a major problem in rice-growing lateritic soils of West Bengal. The vertical distribution of S forms and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties were examined in 50 rice-growing locations of lateritic soils of West Bengal, India, for the current study. For this a total of one hundred fifty representative soil samples were collected from three depths and fifty representative locations of rice-based cropping systems of lateritic belt of West Bengal and analyzed for different fractions of S and important physicochemical properties using standard methodology. Most soils were sandy clay loam to clay loam, with low to medium levels of organic carbon, and strongly acidic to moderately acidic. A decrease in organic carbon across the depths was evident. Among the sulphur forms, organic S was dominant, and the contribution of water-soluble S was least throughout the soil profile. The studied sulphur forms followed the order: total S > organic S > heat soluble S > adsorbed S > sulphate S > water soluble S. Except for adsorbed S, most forms decreased with soil depth. The correlation study revealed that soil pH was positively and significantly correlated with water soluble (r = 0.431**) and sulphate S (r = 0.325*) in surface soils, with sulphate S both in mid-surface (r = 0.450**) and subsurface soils (r = 0.423**). Organic carbon showed a positive correlation with all the S forms throughout the profile. Both clay and silt content positively affected S forms, while sand content showed a negative relationship. Positive correlation among all the S forms observed along soil depth, except for a negative correlation between adsorbed S and sulphate S. This investigation will be helpful for sulphur management to optimize crop yields in lateritic soils.
21
Oliveira, Aline A. S., Taís Christofani, Ivo F. Teixeira, José D. Ardisson, and Flávia C. C. Moura. "Magnetic amphiphilic nanocomposites based on silica–carbon for sulphur contaminant oxidation." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 7 (2015): 5445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00593k.
Full text
22
Darmstadt, H., N.-Z. Cao, D. M. Pantea, et al. "Surface Activity and Chemistry of Thermal Carbon Blacks." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 2 (2000): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547592.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The surface energy of thermal and furnace carbon blacks was determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution. In general, the specific surface energy decreases with decreasing carbon black specific surface area. However, there is also an influence of the concentration of impurities during the carbon black production. The surface energy decreases with decreasing concentration of impurities. The carbon black surface and bulk chemistry was studied by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) was used for characterization of the surface morphology. Thermal grades of carbon black produced from high purity natural gas feedstock do not contain fewer surface functional groups than the other grades. No correlation between the concentration and nature of the oxygen and sulphur surface groups and the carbon black surface energy was found. Instead, a correlation between the surface energy and the polyaromatic character of the carbon black surface exists. Both increased in the order: thermal blacks from high purity natural gas feedstock &lt; thermal black from oil feedstock &lt; furnace blacks. The increase of the surface energy might be related to the formation of active sites which are formed upon removal of non-carbon elements during the carbon black formation. There was no principal difference in the surface morphology of thermal blacks from high purity gas feedstock and other blacks.
23
Tschulik, A., A. Riahi, and H. Störi. "Scanning Auger investigation of sulphur and carbon segregation on a steel surface." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333, no. 4-5 (1989): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00572336.
Full text
24
Lee, Joonho, and Kazuki Morita. "Effect of carbon and sulphur on the surface tension of molten iron." Steel Research 73, no. 9 (2002): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200200001.
Full text
25
Eliseev, A. V., M. Zhang, R. D. Gizatullin, A. V. Altukhova, Yu P. Perevedentsev, and A. I. Skorokhod. "Impact of sulphur dioxide on the terrestrial carbon cycle." Известия Российской академии наук. Физика атмосферы и океана 55, no. 1 (2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002-351555141-53.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the earlier results, which were obtained with the climate model developed at the A.M. Obu khov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM) and related to the impact of the atmospheric sulphur dioxide on terrestrial carbon cycle, are elucidated. Because of the unavailability of the global data for near surface SO2 concentration, it was reconstructed by using statistical model which was fitted employing the output of the atmospheric chemistry-transport model RAMS-CMAQ. The obtained results are in general agreement with those reported earlier. In particular, the most significant SO2 impact on terrestrial carbon cycle is simulated for south-east North America and for Europe. However, such impact for south-east Asia is markedly weaker in comparison to that reported earlier, which is related to excessive moisture content in the atmosphere of this region.
26
Sujaina, M., K. K. Math, S. M. Hiremath, Manjunatha Hebbara, Kiran K. Mirajkar, and T. V. Sowjanya. "Status of Sulphur, Zinc and Boron in Onion Growing Soils of Dharwad Taluk, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (2023): 1928–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92426.
Full textAbstract:
Survey was undertaken during rabi 2021-22, to study the sulphur, zinc and boron status in onion growing fields in selected villages of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka. One hundred surface soil samples were collected from selected ten villages of Dharwad taluk using GPS. The results revealed that soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction, low in total soluble salts, low to high organic carbon content, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and 49.00 and 77.00 per cent of the soils were deficient in DTPA extractable zinc and hot water soluble boron, respectively.
27
Kim, Mi-Jin, Kwansoo Yang, Hui-Ju Kang, et al. "Polyimide-Coated Glass Microfiber as Polysulfide Perm-Selective Separator for High-Performance Lithium-Sulphur Batteries." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (2019): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111612.
Full textAbstract:
Although numerous research efforts have been made for the last two decades, the chronic problems of lithium-sulphur batteries (LSBs), i.e., polysulfide shuttling of active sulphur material and surface passivation of the lithium metal anode, still impede their practical application. In order to mitigate these issues, we utilized polyimide functionalized glass microfibers (PI-GF) as a functional separator. The water-soluble precursor enabled the formation of a homogenous thin coating on the surface of the glass microfiber (GF) membrane with the potential to scale and fine-tune: the PI-GF was prepared by simple dipping of commercial GF into an aqueous solution of poly(amic acid), (PAA), followed by thermal imidization. We found that a tiny amount of polyimide (PI) of 0.5 wt.% is more than enough to endow the GF separator with useful capabilities, both retarding polysulfide migration. Combined with a free-standing microporous carbon cloth-sulphur composite cathode, the PI-GF-based LSB cell exhibits a stable cycling over 120 cycles at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and an areal sulphur loading of 2 mgS/cm2 with only a marginal capacity loss of 0.099%/cycle. This corresponds to an improvement in cycle stability by 200%, specific capacity by 16.4%, and capacity loss per cycle by 45% as compared to those of the cell without PI coating. Our study revealed that a simple but synergistic combination of porous carbon supporting material and functional separator enabled us to achieve high-performance LSBs, but could also pave the way for the development of practical LSBs using the commercially viable method without using complicated synthesis or harmful and expensive chemicals.
28
Rožič, Petra Žvab, Teja Polenšek, Timotej Verbovšek, et al. "An Integrated Approach to Characterising Sulphur Karst Springs: A Case Study of the Žvepovnik Spring in NE Slovenia." Water 14, no. 8 (2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081249.
Full textAbstract:
We present an integrated approach to characterizing the Žvepovnik sulphur spring, comprising detailed basic geological (mapping), geochemical (physico-chemical, elementary), isotopic (δ2H, δ18O, δ13CDIC, δ34S and 3H), and microbiological analyses. We used a multi-parameter approach to determine the origin of the water (meteoric or deeper infiltration), the origin of the carbon and sulphur, and water retention times. Our special research interest is the origin of the sulphur, as sulphur springs are rare and insufficiently investigated. Our results show that the Žvepovnik spring occurs along the fault near the contact between the dolomite aquifer and overlying shales and volcanoclastic beds. The spring water is the result of the mixing of (1) deeper waters in contact with gypsum and anhydrite and (2) shallow waters originating from precipitation and flowing through the surface carbonate aquifer. The results of δ2H and δ18O confirm local modern precipitation as the main source of the spring. δ13CDIC originates from the degradation of organic matter and the dissolution of carbonates. We therefore propose four possible sources of sulphur: (1) the most probable is the dissolution of gypsum/anhydrite; (2) barite may be a minor source of sulphur; (3) the microbial dissimilatory sulfate reduction; and (4) the oxidation of pyrite as the least probable option.
29
Shizuka, Hiroo, Katsuhiko Sakai, and Kazumasa Iwakura. "Investigation of the Surface-Modification Effect by Oil-Immersion Treatment on Carbide Tool." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.377.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the effect of oil-immersion treatment on the surfaces of cutting tools. In this study, the ‘oil-immersion treatment’ refers to the modification of the tool’s surface by immersing the tool in a treatment solution and heating under pressure. Our previous study demonstrated that such treatment reduces the wear on cutting tools. In this study, the effect of oil-immersion treatment on a carbide cutting tool was investigated by EPMA (electron probe microanalysis) and XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EPMA examination revealed that oil-immersion treatment reduces the amount of cobalt on the tool’s surface and forms sulphur deposits. XPS analysis of the chemical bonds on the surfaces revealed the presence of cobalt sulphide and inorganic carbon. In addition, friction tests showed that the oil-immersion treatment reduces the friction coefficient of the tool.
30
BAILEY, L. D. "THE SULPHUR STATUS OF EASTERN CANADIAN PRAIRIE SOILS: THE RELATIONSHIP OF SULPHUR, NITROGEN AND ORGANIC CARBON." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-018.
Full textAbstract:
Surface and subsurface samples of 17 of the most agriculturally important soils of the eastern Canadian prairies were analyzed for total S, sulphate S, total N and organic C. The soils varied in texture from sandy loam to clay loam. Fifteen of the soils were of the Chernozemic order, one was Brunisolic and the other Luvisolic. The subgroups included were Orthic Blacks, Gleyed Rego Blacks, Orthic Dark Greys, Eluviated Eutric Brunisol and Orthic Luvisol. The total S of the soils decreased with depth and was significantly correlated with total N and with organic C. The sulphate sulphur extracted with 0.1 M CaCl2 accounted for an average of 2.6% of the total S in each of the three soil depths analyzed. The calculated N:S and C:N ratios averaged 8.3 and 1.25 (0–15 cm), 7.2 and 14.1 (15–30 cm), and 6.5 and 11.0 (30–60 cm), respectively. The N:S ratios, and to limited extent the C:N ratios, were used to describe the sulphur status of the soils. Soil with N:S and C:N ratios 6.0 and 12.5 (0–15 cm), 5.2 and 13.5 (15–30 cm), 4.7 and 11.4 (30–60 cm), respectively, could have a high potential to supply sulphate S to plants and may not be deficient in plant-available S. Soils with N:S and C:N ratios of 8.7 and 13.5 (0–15 cm), 7.2 and 14.7 (15–30), 6.3 and 11.2 cm (30–60 cm), respectively, may be deficient in sulphur for some crops. However, they may have a high potential to convert total S to sulphate S. Soils with N:S and C:N ratio of 12.4 and 11.2 (0–15 cm), 11.1 and 13.0 (15–30), 10.2 and 9.9 (30–60 cm), respectively, may be deficient in plant-available S and could have a low potential for conversion of total S to sulphate S. Key words: Sulphur status of soils; potential available sulphur
31
Oboh, J. O., K. K. Ajekwene, O. Salako, and U. K. Ugo. "Agricultural Residues as Potential Diluents in Natural Rubber Formulation." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 5 (2023): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i5.6.
Full textAbstract:
Agricultural residues such as Maize Husk, Groundnut Shell, Coconut Shell and Sugarcane Bagasse were collected, sorted, dried and ground to particulate fillers. The various fillers were characterized in terms of density, moisture content and pH value. Single ordinates of 150 µm particle size and 30 parts per hundred of rubber (pphr) loading were respectively adopted for all filler types. They were used alongside with conventional Sulphur vulcanization system (high Sulphur to low organo-accelerator level) in the formulations of natural rubber compounds. Tests such as tensile strength at 400% elongation, constant force compression set, abrasion resistance as a function of percentage mass retention on surface exposure to a rotating abrasive surface and thermal stability using differential scanning calorimeter were carried out. Results obtained revealed that rubber vulcanizate samples filled with coconut shell and sugarcane bagasse had hardness values of 58 and 57 on Shore A scale while unfilled vulcanizate and carbon black filled sample had respective values of 45 and 49 Shore A hardness. However, unfilled vulcanizate and carbon black filled vulcanizate showed superior values of tensile strength at 400% elongation to the ones filled with agricultural residues. Therefore, these agricultural residues can serve as diluents in the formulation of rubber vulcanizates.
32
Morya, Rahul, S. K. Trivedi, Sushil Kumar Yadav, Narendra Singh Gurjar, and Anjali Bhargava. "Physico-Chemical Properties of Surface Soil in Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh for Agricultural Production." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (2023): 4379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113618.
Full textAbstract:
Looking at the crop production and soil related constraints in different village of Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh we found it important to characterize the soils of the village. For this purpose, one hundred twenty-five GPS-based surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from five blocks (Mungaoli, Chanderi, Ishagarh, Ashoknagar and Sadora) of Ashoknagar district from April to May 2017-2018. Soils were studied for their physical and chemical characteristics - status of sand,silt,clay percent varied from 36.6-56.7%, 3.9-38% and 25.2-42.4%, with the mean value of 47.5%, 17.2% or 35.1%, respectively and soil pH, EC, OC, Calcium carbonate, total Nitrogen or available sulphur were observed in the range of 7.2– 8.6, 0.32 - 0.62dSm‑1, 2.14 - 7.06 gkg-1, 0.5 –3.5 % 0.01-0.24 % and 4.36 – 40.25 mg kg-1under different villages of the investigated area with the average value of 8.0, 0.45dSm‑1, 4.35gkg-1, 1.7% and 0.11 %,14.68 mg kg-1 respectively. The availability of sulphur increased with an increase in organic carbon and clay content in the soil.
33
Sebők, Béla, Gábor Kiss, Péter János Szabó, et al. "Carbon/carbon implants in oral and maxillofacial surgery – Part 2." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 19 (2012): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29362.
Full textAbstract:
In their previous report, the authors presented observations regarding the long-term application of carbon/carbon implants. After evaluating the good functional and aesthetic results, the effect of the human body on the structure and morphology of the implants was investigated with state of the art methods. An implant retrieved from the body after eight years was compared to implants which were sterilized but not implanted (reference). Carbon and oxygen were the main components of both implants, however, as a result of the interaction with the human body the amount of oxygen increased 3–4 times and phosphorus, sulphur, calcium and iron were detectable as trace elements on the surface. The width of the carbon fibres (5–7 µm) building up the implants was not changed during the interaction with the human body. The surface of the implant retrieved from the human body was covered with a 15–17 µm thick layer, not present on the reference implant, having a similar composition to that of the carbon fibres (high amount of calcium that is typical to bone tissue was not detected). According to these results, the structure and the morphology of the implants were not altered notably by the human body. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 744–750.
34
HAGGERTY, R., and S. H. BOTTRELL. "The genesis of the Llanrwst and Llanfair veinfields, North Wales: evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes." Geological Magazine 134, no. 2 (1997): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897006729.
Full textAbstract:
The Llanrwst Pb–Zn veinfield occupies fractures in an Ordovician volcano-sedimentary sequence, with three separate mineralizing events (M1, M2 and M3). The Llanfair Pb–Zn–Cu veinfield consists of sporadic mineralization in Silurian sediments. Fluid inclusion data from both veinfields indicate mineralization took place from CaCl2-bearing brines, up to 26 wt % NaCl equivalent, between 125 and 190 °C with cooler (< 100 °C), more dilute fluids associated with later thrusting at Llanrwst. Sulphur at both veinfields was derived during the main phases of sulphide precipitation from the host rocks, with paragenetically late sulphides and sulphates deriving sulphur from 34S-enriched surface waters. Carbon and oxygen isotopic data on vein carbonates shows that both deposits formed from waters that had undergone extensive water–rock interaction. Carbon was derived from at least two sources: marine carbonate dominated at Llanfair, whereas organic matter in the host rocks was more significant at Llanrwst. These data indicate that the veins formed from evolved brines which migrated along fault systems to the loci of deposition during a phase of extensional tectonics in late Devonian to Tournasian times.
35
Yang, Tingting, Zheng Zhang, Fei Tan, et al. "Modulation of the Coordination Environment of Graphene-Loaded NiFe-LDH and PbO2 Catalysts by Plasma for Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Catalysts 15, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15010001.
Full textAbstract:
The generation of hydrogen through water electrolysis represents a significant advancement in the transition towards low-carbon energy systems. Graphene-supported catalysts have demonstrated significant potential in improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) among several electrocatalysts utilised for this process. Nonetheless, attaining exact control over the morphology and electrical configuration of these catalysts continues to pose a considerable difficulty. This study presents the development of a highly effective electrocatalyst composed of graphene-supported NiFe LDH and PbO2, incorporating sulphur anions into the structure by a plasma jet treatment method. By optimising the ratio of sulphur anions, we were able to fine-tune the local coordination environment, which effectively adjusted the properties of the OH and OOH intermediates, thereby improving the OER catalytic performance. The plasma treatment introduced vacancy defects into the catalyst, further regulating its surface morphology and electronic structure. After sulphur anion optimisation, the graphene-supported catalyst exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance in alkaline environments, achieving an OER overpotential of 228 mV at 100 mA·cm−2. This performance, along with exceptional stability, exceeds the majority of previously documented catalysts. The results underscore the promise of sulphur anion optimisation and plasma treatment in improving OER performance, providing significant insights for the advancement of highly effective water-splitting catalysts.
36
Bedi, P., and Y. Dubey. "Long-term influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient build-up and their relationship with microbial properties under a rice-wheat cropping sequence in an acid alfisol." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 57, no. 3 (2009): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.57.2009.3.5.
Full textAbstract:
The long-term effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient build-up and their relationship with microbial properties in a rice-wheat cropping sequence were studied in surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soil samples. This experiment has been in progress since 1990 in the Department of Agronomy, CSK, Palampur with twelve treatments involving combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers. In these treatment combinations, 25 and 50% of the recommended nitrogen levels were supplemented with organic sources, i.e. FYM (farm yard manure), green manure and wheat straw. The buildup of organic matter, and the total and available pools of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur were determined in surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soil samples. The substitution of 25 and 50% nitrogen through organic fertilizers proved to be better than inorganic fertilizers alone. Amongst the organic sources, the substitution of FYM resulted in higher organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur than green manure or wheat straw. The substitution of 50% nitrogen through organic fertilizer was more effective than the substitution of 25% nitrogen. The relationships between the total and available pools of nutrients and the total microbial count, biomass carbon, microbial respiration, and the dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzymes were studied. The total pool of nutrients showed a high, positive, significant relationship with all these parameters.
37
Figas, Anna, Anetta Siwik-Ziomek, and Mirosław Kobierski. "Heavy Metals and Sulphur in Needles of Pinus Sylvestris L. and Soil in the Forests of City Agglomeration." Forests 12, no. 10 (2021): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101310.
Full textAbstract:
The content of sulphur and copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and of assimilation pigments in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the forests of Bydgoszcz, Poland was determined. The content of those metals and the activity of dehydrogenases (DHA) in the rhizosphere of the trees was assayed. The average total sulphur (TS) content in 2-year-old pine needles was 832.4 mg kg−1 d.w. No significant correlation was found between TS and Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in needles and the content of assimilation pigments indicating no phytotoxic effect of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and metals on Scots pine. The content of metals in the needles pointed to an inconsiderable degree of human impact. The soils in the surface layer were not contaminated with heavy metals. With the principal component analysis (PCA) two principal components were identified which accounted for 68% of the total change in variation. The variables that determined the principal components were the soil content of organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), TS and sulphates (SO42−), the soil content of Mn, Zn, available forms to plants of Cu, Mn, and the content of Cu, Fe in needles.
38
Watson, Andrew J., and Peter S. Liss. "Marine biological controls on climate via the carbon and sulphur geochemical cycles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1365 (1998): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0189.
Full textAbstract:
We review aspects of the influence of the marine biota on climate, focusing particularly on their role in mediating surface temperatures via their influence on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) concentrations. Variation in natural CO 2 concentrations occurring over 10 3 to 10 5 years are set by oceanic processes, and in particular by conditions in the Southern Ocean, so it is to this region that we must look to understand the glacial–interglacial changes in CO 2 concentrations. It seems likely that marine productivity in the Southern Ocean is limited by a combination of restricted iron supply to the region and insufficient light. Plankton–produced DMS is thought to influence climate by changing the numbers of cloud condensation nuclei available in remote regions; the efficiency of this mechanism is still unknown, but calculations suggest it may be a powerful influence on climate. It has a much shorter time–scale than the CO 2 effect, and as a consequence may well be a player on the ‘global change’ timescale. The direction of both the CO 2 and the DMS mechanisms is such that more marine productivity would lead to lower global temperatures, and we speculate that the overall effect of the marine biota today is to cool the planet by ca. 6°C as a result of these two mechanisms, with one–third of this figure being due to CO 2 effects and two–thirds due to DMS. While the marine biota influence climate, climate also influences the marine biota, chiefly via changing atmospheric circulation. This in turn alters ocean circulation patterns, responsible for mixing up sub–surface nutrients, and also influences the transport of nutrients, such as iron, in atmospheric dust. A more vigorous atmospheric circulation would be expected to increase the productivity of the marine biota on both counts. Thus during glacial time, the colder and drier climate might be expected to stimulate greater marine productivity than occurs today. Since more production leads to greater cooling by reduction in CO 2 and increase in DMS, the marine biota–climate system appears to have been in positive feedback in the glacial–interglacial transition, with the changes in the climate system being reinforced by changes in the marine biota. In the context of anthropogenic change, we cannot at present say what sign the feedback on climate will have, because we have no clear idea whether circulation will become more or less vigorous in the future.
39
Sharaibi, Olubunmi Josephine, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Micromorphological Characterization of the Leaf and Rhizome of Agapanthus praecox subsp. praecox Willd. (Amaryllidaceae)." Journal of Botany 2017 (July 26, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3075638.
Full textAbstract:
Agapanthus praecox subsp. praecox Willd. is a highly valued medicinal plant of family Amaryllidaceae. The genus Agapanthus has been difficult to classify into distinct species due to broad similar morphology of its members. Present taxonomic confusion in this genus and numerous medicinal uses of A. praecox necessitate its proper identification. The leaf and rhizome microcharacters were studied using scanning electron, light microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Epidermal cells are polygonal having wavy anticlinal walls with mean adaxial length of 80.04±0.5 μm and mean abaxial length of 85.33±0.6 μm. The leaf is amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata with mean pore length of 22.14±0.2 μm on the adaxial and 15.02±0.3 μm on the abaxial surface. The mean stomata densities on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces were 280.5±0.5 mm2 and 350.6±0.6 mm2. Trichomes and secretory ducts are absent on both surfaces. EDX spectroscopy showed that beryllium, carbon, oxygen, sodium, and silicon were present on both epidermal surfaces and rhizome while nitrogen, aluminum, and chlorine were detected only on the adaxial surface and sulphur was detected only in the rhizome.
40
Tuurna, Satu, Sanni Yli-Olli, and Liisa Heikinheimo. "The Effect of Water Vapour and Sulphur on Corrosion Mechanisms of Steels." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.841.
Full textAbstract:
It is well known that water vapour accelerates oxidation; however different gas conditions and material compositions affect the mechanism. The paper addresses this issue from two different application areas; biomass and kraft recovery boilers. In these applications water vapour and sulphur are simultaneously affecting the corrosion mechanism, though the mechanisms are different. Low-alloyed steels were exposed to an atmosphere containing different amounts of water vapour at temperatures of 420, 550 and 600°C. Under oxidising conditions increasing water content generally accelerates oxidation. However, presence of SO2 in moist atmosphere retards oxidation at high temperatures. The phenomenon is seen at low temperatures with higher chromium contents. Stainless steel 304L was tested in an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide with and without water vapour at a temperature of 440°C to simulate elevated kraft recovery boiler furnace conditions. The tests showed that water vapour in the test atmosphere produces a protective spinel oxide on the metal surface. In tests without water vapour, the initial scales at metal surface were different sulphur compounds and intensive sulphidation occurred. The effect of water vapour on the sulphidation mechanism is addressed in the paper through the described tests and thermodynamic modelling.
41
Kamedulski, Piotr, Piotr A. Gauden, Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz, and Anna Ilnicka. "Effective Synthesis of Carbon Hybrid Materials Containing Oligothiophene Dyes." Materials 12, no. 20 (2019): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203354.
Full textAbstract:
This paper shows the first study of the synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of commercial Norit carbons and oligothiophenes. The study presents the influence of surface oxidation on dye deposition as well as changes of pore structure and surface chemistry. The hybrid materials were characterised using Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and HR-TEM, respectively). Confocal microscopy was employed to confirm the immobilization of oligomers on the surface of the carbons being investigated. Confocal microscopy measurements were additionally used to indicate whether dye molecules covered the entire surface of the selected commercial Norit samples. Specific surface area and pore structure parameters were determined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Additionally, elemental content and surface chemistry were characterised by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and combustion elemental analysis. Experimental results confirmed that oligothiophene dyes were adsorbed onto the internal part of the investigated pores of the carbon materials. The pores were assumed to have a slit-like shape, a set of 82 local adsorption isotherms was modelled for pores from 0.465 nm to 224 nm. Further, XPS data showed promising qualitative results regarding the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the hybrid materials obtained (sulphur content ranged from 1.40 to 1.45 at%). It was shown that the surface chemistry of activated carbon plays a key role in the dye deposition process. High surface heterogeneity after hydrothermal oxidation did not improve dye adsorption due to specific interactions between surface oxygen moieties and local electric charges in the oligothiophene molecules.
42
VOTOLIN, K. S., S. A. SOZINOV, S. I. ZHEREBTSOV, and K. M. SHPAKODRAEV. "INVESTIGATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES FROM NATIVE AND OXIDISED BROWN COALS BY ANALYTICAL SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY." Chemistry for Sustainable Development 32, no. 6 (2024): 781–93. https://doi.org/10.15372/csd2024613.
Full textAbstract:
The samples of native and naturally oxidised brown coals from the Tisul deposit of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, as well as the components isolated from them (humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and residual coal (RC)) were studied using the method of analytical scanning electron microscopy, proximate and ultimate analysis. It has been found that oxidised brown coal is characterised by an increased yield of HA, FA and volatile substances, ash content, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur content, with lower concentrations of carbon and hydrogen in comparison with native coal. The HA fractions isolated from coal have a higher carbon content in comparison to FA fractions, but lower oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur content. Electron microscopic studies have shown that natural oxidation significantly affects the morphology of coal particles through their destruction, grinding, rounding and the formation of surface defects. Similar changes in morphology can be partially traced in the particles of HA, FA and RC powders isolated from the oxidized form of brown coal. The surface of oxidised brown coal is saturated with oxygen and enriched with mineral components, mainly consisting of Si, Ca, Fe and Al, in the form of a separate phase and inclusions in the organic mass of coal. For native coal, the content of these elements is significantly lower. The surface of HA, FA and RC powders contains mineral components inherited from original brown coal, as well as large NaCl crystals, which are a by-product of the alkaline extraction process. The RC surface has been determined to contain the increased content of silicon oxides and clay minerals, which are extracted from initial coals at the stages of HA and FA isolation only in insignificant amounts, thus being mainly deposited in RC. In general, the surface of coal derivatives (HA, FA and RC) obtained from oxidised raw materials is characterised by an increased content of oxygen and mineral components in comparison with the surface of native analogues.
43
KUMAR, PRAVEEN. "GIS-based soil fertility assessment of a micro-watershed of semi-arid tropics in southern India." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 4 (2022): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10216.
Full textAbstract:
Available macronutrient status in the soil of Chotanahalli micro-watershed (468 ha) in Kunigal Taluk, Tumkur district was studied with the aid of GIS. Forty three surface soil samples at 320 m grid were collected from Chotanahalli micro-watershed and assessed for the soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur. Results revealed that the ranges of SOC, available N, P and K were 2.1 to 7.5 g kg-1 , 282.2 to 526.8 kg N ha-1 , 8.0 to 67.6 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 124.3 to 338.5 kg K2O ha-1 , respectively. Spatial interpolation revealed that majority (321 ha) of the watershed was low in SOC, whereas the whole watershed was medium in available N, P and K. In case of secondary nutrients, available S was found to be medium in majority (423.4 ha) of the area, whereas, exchangeable Ca and Mg were found sufficient in the whole watershed. The Nutrient Index values indicated that the micro-watershed was under “medium” category for available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, whereas, it fell under “low” category with respect to organic carbon. Measures to improve the status of SOC should be taken up in the study area for sustainable production of crop.
44
KUMAR, PRAVEEN. "GIS-based soil fertility assessment of a micro-watershed of semi-arid tropics in southern India." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 4 (2022): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10216.
Full textAbstract:
Available macronutrient status in the soil of Chotanahalli micro-watershed (468 ha) in Kunigal Taluk, Tumkur district was studied with the aid of GIS. Forty three surface soil samples at 320 m grid were collected from Chotanahalli micro-watershed and assessed for the soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur. Results revealed that the ranges of SOC, available N, P and K were 2.1 to 7.5 g kg-1, 282.2 to 526.8 kg N ha-1, 8.0 to 67.6 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 124.3 to 338.5 kg K2O ha-1, respectively. Spatial interpolation revealed that majority (321 ha) of the watershed was low in SOC, whereas the whole watershed was medium in available N, P and K. In case of secondary nutrients, available S was found to be medium in majority (423.4 ha) of the area, whereas, exchangeable Ca and Mg were found sufficient in the whole watershed. The Nutrient Index values indicated that the micro-watershed was under “medium” category for available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, whereas, it fell under “low” category with respect to organic carbon. Measures to improve the status of SOC should be taken up in the study area for sustainable production of crop.
45
Schouwenaars, R., A. Durán Moreno, and R. M. Ramírez Zamora. "Primary silver extraction with a high sulphur activated petroleum coke." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 1 (2004): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0045.
Full textAbstract:
An extended study was performed to determine the mechanisms that are responsible for the significant silver extraction capacity of activated carbons prepared from a high-sulphur petroleum coke that is available as a waste material from Mexican petroleum refineries. Earlier studies had shown the feasibility of the production of these adsorbents but indicated that the mechanisms of metal adsorption in the present carbons are significantly different from what is classically accepted for commercial carbons. Therefore, selective titration, IR-spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of carbons were combined with adsorption experiments and the determination of electrochemical parameters of mixtures of carbon-AgNO3 solution to explain the fundamental reasons for the performance of the obtained carbons. This allowed us to determine the identity of the surface functional groups and to distinguish the effect of different activation processes. The experiments permitted us to explain why these activated carbons, which have a low specific area and lack classical surface functional groups, show such a high silver adsorption capacity.
46
Longpré, Marc-Antoine, John Stix, Andreas Klügel, and Nobumichi Shimizu. "Mantle to surface degassing of carbon- and sulphur-rich alkaline magma at El Hierro, Canary Islands." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 460 (February 2017): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.043.
Full text
47
SHARMA, A., A. SAXENA, B. SINGH, et al. "In-situ degradation of sulphur mustard and its simulants on the surface of impregnated carbon systems." Journal of Hazardous Materials 133, no. 1-3 (2006): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.053.
Full text
48
Janaun, Jidon, Ong Carrie, S. M. Anisuzzaman, and Duduku Krishnaiah. "Non-Covalent Functionalisation of Amorphous Carbon From D-Glucose as a Novel Catalyst for Renewable Fuels." International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 9, no. 2 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol9iss2art10104.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a renewable carbon catalyst was developed based on the non-functionalisation method. Three different pyrolysis temperatures at 400°C (SC400), 500°C (SC500) and 600°C (SC600) were used to prepare amorphous carbon. The non-covalent functionalisation was carried out by 1-pyrenesulfonic acid (1-PSA) in organic solvents such as ethanol, heptane and dimethylformamide (DMF), and characterised by total acidity, TGA, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, particle size, BET Porosity, and XRD. The total acidity was found to be 1.58 mmol/g for catalyst SC400. The functional groups –COOH, –OH, –SO3H and π-π stacking were detected. The amorphous carbon was stable until 500°C. The sulphur content was found to be 0.013mmol/g for SC400. This research approach focused on the direct interaction of carbonaceous support with pyrene moieties and terminal groups (–SO3H) acting as catalytic acid sites that open a new way to be explored for performing liquid-phase heterogeneous acid-catalysed reactions.Keywords: Non-covalent functionalization, Amorphous carbon, sulfonation, surface morphology, D-Glucose carbon
49
Liss, Peter S., Angela D. Hatton, Gill Malin, Philip D. Nightingale, and Suzanne M. Turner. "Marine sulphur emissions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1350 (1997): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0011.
Full textAbstract:
The principal volatile sulphur species found in seawater are dimethyl sulphide (DMS), carbonyl sulphide (COS) and carbon disulphide (CS 2 . Of these, DMS is the most abundant and widespread in its distribution. The predominant oceanic source of DMS is dimethylsulphonioproprionate (DMSP), a compatible solute synthesized by phytoplankton for osmoregulation and/or cryoprotection. Not all species have the same ability to form DMSP; for example, diatoms generally produce little, whereas prymnesiophytes and some dinoflagellates make significantly larger amounts. Much of the release of DMSP and DMS to the water occurs on death or through predation of the plankton. Our recent field data strongly suggest that oxidation of DMS to dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is an important process in the water column, and it is clear that considerable internal cycling in the DMSP/DMS/DMSO system occurs in the euphotic zone. A fraction of the DMS crosses the sea surface and enters the atmosphere where it is oxidized by radicals such OH and NO 3 to form products such as methanesulphonate (MSA), DMSO and non-sea salt sulphate (NSSS) particles. These particles are the main source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) over oceanic areas remote from land.
50
Ciuła, Józef, Agnieszka Generowicz, Aneta Oleksy-Gębczyk, et al. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Environmentally Sustainable Investment in Terms of the EU Taxonomy." Energies 17, no. 10 (2024): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102239.
Full textAbstract:
Removing impurities that occur in landfill gas, from sulphur and silicon compounds, is crucial for the energetic use of biogas in a cogeneration unit for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to analyse the shaped activated carbon, examining its structure and elemental composition as part of the biogas purification. The qualitative study of the purified landfill gas performed in this study showed a significant overshoot of hydrogen sulphide at 304.1 ppm with respect to the gas engine manufacturer’s requirements, while the calculated hydrogen sulphide reduction efficiency was 24.58%. Examination of the surface of the spent carbon and its pores with a scanning microscope revealed a high level of clotting by sulphur compounds, which prevents proper reduction of this compound and reduces the efficiency of the treatment plant. Replacement of the activated carbon bed with a new one showed a hydrogen sulphide value of 7.5 ppm in the purified gas and a calculated reduction efficiency of 97.9%. The results of the study confirmed that continuous monitoring of the quality of the purified gas is necessary to control the adsorption properties of the activated carbon and can be used for the operation of gas engines in cogeneration units. The landfill gas treatment method described in this paper constitutes an environmentally sustainable project within the meaning of the EU regulation on the establishment of a framework to promote and facilitate this type of investment in terms of its financing and operation. The topic of the work fits into three key areas of broad research and implementation activities. The first, technological, is the transition to a low-carbon, sustainable and resource-efficient closed-loop economy; the second, environmental, pollution prevention and control. The third area is economics and finance in terms of making financial products available designed to reduce climate change and reporting on these activities.