Academic literature on the topic 'Cargo handling - Automation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cargo handling - Automation"
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Ji, Shou Wen, Xi Wu, Yun Fei Wang, and Gang Su. "Study on Optimization of Cargo Space Allocation Based on Jointown Pharmaceutical Logistics Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.83.
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With the rapid development of modern logistics technology and automation of information technology, the AS/RS has been more and more widely used in the field of medicine logistics. In order to more effectively manage AS/RS, improve the rationality of the layout, reduce the number of goods handling and storage costs, it demands to optimize the cargo space allocation for goods .This article adopts multi-objective genetic algorithm to solve the optimization problem of cargo space allocation modeling, and use Jointown pharmaceutical logistics center as an example to further verify the analysis, getting the ideal optimization results and the simulation image.
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Wang, Ping, Joan P. Mileski, and Qingcheng Zeng. "Alignments between strategic content and process structure: the case of container terminal service process automation." Maritime Economics & Logistics 21, no. 4 (2017): 543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41278-017-0070-z.
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AbstractDuring the last three decades, technological innovations in cargo handling equipment have made it possible to automate operational processes in container terminals. Despite the increasing trend in terminal automation, little work has been done to develop theoretical guidelines for evaluating the benefits of this industrial practice. We assess terminal automation by focusing on whether strategic content and process structure are aligned. In this study, we explore the reasons that these results are mixed in the context of service automation. Have market competitiveness and operational performance been enhanced by automation in seaports? We focus on two key strategic elements and their proper alignment to produce the best performance for a port. The first element is the overall business strategy and strategic content adopted by the port. In this study, we look at Porter’s (Competitive strategy, Free Press, New York, 1980) generic strategic classification of low cost, differentiation, or focus strategies. The second element is the process structure of the port, which may have been impacted by technological innovation. Using the framework of contingency theory, we explore the interface of strategic content and process structure and how this interface impacts the service process automation. A multiple case study is conducted on a sample of 20 container terminals, selected from the list of 2014 Journal of Commerce’s Top Productive Terminals. We come up with three important findings. First, a port’s strategic market position determines the choice of overall business strategy. If a port is strategically positioned as an international gate, then it should adopt an overall cost-leadership strategy, whereas a transshipment terminal should adopt an overall differentiation strategy. Second, we find that the process structure adopted is associated with the level of automation, and a differentiation strategy is dependent on the level of flexibility, speed, and reliability. Higher market uncertainty requires higher flexibility, while lower market uncertainty requires greater speed and reliability. Third, the level of process automation depends on throughput volume and stability. Closer relationships with maritime supply–chain partners help increase throughput volume and reduce throughput uncertainty.
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Sładkowski, A. "Transport Problems: the Regional Scientific Journal Contributing to Global Information." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 3 (2019): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-3-290-295.
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Brief presentation of Transport Problems scientific journal.Published since 2006, minimal number of issues per year: 4. Average annual number of articles: 65.Publisher: Silesian University of Technology, Poland. p-ISSN: 1896–0596; e-ISSN2300–861X.Topics of articles:• road transport, railway transport, air and space transport, sea and river transport;• industrial transport;• urban communication, transport issues for smart cities;• transport management in megacities, modeling of transport systems, traffic control;• bicycles, scooters and motorcycles, as means of transport;• preparing cargo, cargo forwarding and delivery, coordination of cargo handling operations;• logistics centers, integrated transport systems;• intermodal, multimodal and combined transport;• computer systems for design of vehicles;• mechanical engineering, rolling stock and vehicles’ manufacture;• technical troubleshooting of vehicles;• active and passive safety features, safety of transport systems;• traffic forecasting and regional requirements, transport statistics;• impact of safety legislation on transport;• transport automation;• transport economics;• transport and environmental problems;• impact of transport on health problems and ergonomics;• transport infrastructure;• education for transport industry;• more specific issues of transport (by agreement with the editors).The journal is included in most international reference databases, including Scopus (since 2012) and WoS (since 2016).The journal has the status of Open Access and is included in the database DOAJ. All articles are available for download in PDF format.Web-page of the journal: http://transportproblems.polsl.pl/en/default.aspx contains information on publication requirements, editorial and licensing policies, as well as the adopted review procedure are published there.
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Ito, Masanori, and Feifei Zhang. "Intelligent Control for Container Terminal AGV." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 2, no. 3 (1998): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1998.p0072.
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The world's container cargo trading is increasing daily, and the role of the container terminal is becoming more important as the center of cargo transportation. In Japan, new container terminals being constructed face very severe competition with larger, cheaper terminals so they must handle cargo more efficiently and cheaply. To cope, handling systems such as container cranes, yard cranes, and conveyers are being automated to enable unattended operation unloading and loading schedule planning, etc., are being computerized. In these system, crane automation and control computerization are already generalized, but automatic control of container conveyers is not completed yet. The container conveyer -15m long, 4m wide, and 1.5m high - picks up containers from container ships with a container crane and hauls them to the shift yard for release to the yard crane. Both crane are operated automatically, so the conveyer must stop at the desired position within a permissible error of ±7.5cm, and run on a predetermined course and speed. Collision avoidance is required because many vehicles oparate on the same course. The automated guided vehicle (AGV) system, which is diesel-driven, 4WS and 4WD, was thought to be effective, but container weights very widely, as do road conditions which depend on weather, so conventional control is not sufficient to maintain the required accuracy. We applied learning control to maintain the desired course and for stopping at the desired position. Speed was controlled, conventionally. The system's applicability was confirmed with computer simulation and vehicle performance testing. This system will be used at the Kawasaki container terminal in 1999 and we are currently working on improving performance.
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Bilyakovych, O., A. Savchuk, Y. Turitsa, and L. Kurbet. "Evaluation of the suitability of introduction of multifunctional samples of aviation ground equipment in aircraft maintenance." Problems of tribology 99, no. 1 (2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-99-1-84-88.
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Quite often there is an oversaturation of the platform with ground aircraft, which is designed for the operation of modern international airports, especially in the so-called "rush hour". The emergence of such a situation may affect the emergence of risks in the implementation of airport technologies, which are associated with a probable reduction in the level of safety of ground vehicles on the platform, the formation of clusters of aircraft maintenance at the parking lot and the possibility of damage to aircraft on the ground, psychological stress aviation personnel and other unforeseen situations. To avoid melon situations that are directly related to the possible danger at airports, it is necessary to use multifunctional models of aviation ground equipment, which will provide several technological processes for ground handling of aircraft, passengers, mail and cargo by creating hybrid structures of special vehicles and equipment. and automation. For example, the use of multifunctional telescopic ladders allows not only to ensure a high level of comfort when boarding / disembarking passengers in aircraft, but also significantly increase the parking space in the buffer area of ground maintenance of aircraft for other types of ground aircraft by reducing the latter, which will increase the level of safety of aircraft maintenance and economic efficiency in the activities of airport services and handling companies.
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Filippova, N. A., V. M. Vlasov, and V. M. Belyaev. "Navigation Control of Cargo Transportation in the North of Russia." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 4 (2020): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-4-218-231.
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To develop the northern territories and ensure a normal life for people working there, significant quantities of construction materials, fuel, machinery, equipment, food and other goods are needed, a significant part of which must be transported to these territories. The peculiarity of the processes of transportation of goods to the Northern regions by road is that most of the transportation process is carried out using temporary roads which are called winter (or snow) roads [1, 2].Unlike permanent paved roads with corresponding infrastructure maintenance elements, winter roads have a traffic track representing a snow-cleared lane without specially prepared layers of pavement. The track has temporary landmarks [3, 4]. However, in bad weather, sudden changes in temperature, the route can be «lost», which negatively affects reliability and safety of the transportation process. Geoinformatics tools allow to create a virtual spatial model of a temporary road, which can be shown on an electronic map [5–7]. Satellite navigation tools form actual navigation data, which are « linked» to the route by means of geoinformatics. The current location of a vehicle on a winter road track can be displayed using an electronic terrain map on a display screen of an on-board telematic unit [8–10]. The objective of the article is to consider the main tasks that are solved by the supervisory control system when monitoring movement of vehicles on temporary winter roads. Using mathematical methods and special methods of analysis and planning of road transportation, a methodological basis has been developed to increase the level of automation of basic functions of the dispatch control of road transportation of goods in mixed multimodal traffic based on the use of information generated by GLONASS global navigation system. It is shown that the use of geoinformatics, mobile communications and satellite navigation will significantly improve reliability and safety of the processes of cargo transportation in the North of Russia. According to experts, the use of the proposed methodology allows reducing time for cargo handling by an average of 30 % and decision-making time by 50 %, as well as increasing the efficiency of using vehicles by reducing by 95 % the number of deviations from the planned schedule.
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Garibin, Pavel, and Evgeniy Ol’khovik. "Application of BIM technology in operation of port marine structures." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913501022.
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The features of the BIM model development for marine port facilities operation are discussed. Infrastructure objects differ significantly from linear and area objects, the use of information modeling for transport infrastructure requires a new approach to organization of design, construction and especially for operation. Most seaports were built long ago and there is not to have the project documentation for them. It is therefore very relevant is the problem of adapting existing building and design documentation to develop models of operation. Infrastructure projects always have a large number of interconnections that are irregular and difficult to formalize into an information model. Port berthing facilities in an intensive mode interact with the courts, a water space, the cargo base and special cargo handling equipment. On the example of the design model of the seaport, we collected sufficient data for their further integration into the BIM model and the transfer of information in digital form for its repeated use at different stages of the life cycle of the seaport. The individual information schemes and elements for standardization of the design of offshore mooring structures, taking into account of turnover in object-oriented format with attribute data are offered. The model includes the necessary information on all parameters of operation of the berthing facility, planning of measures for emergency situations, standard calendar work plan, schedules for monitoring the technical condition, financial estimates for operational maintenance, repairs, etc. The activities on the automation of deformation monitoring system, calculation of structural strength of the main structural elements and control risks are additionally proposed. The transition to life-cycle contracts in the operation of marine berthing facilities is justified.
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Akinnuwesi, Boluwaji A., Omokhoba B. Yama, Alade M. Rahman, and Stephen G. Fashoto. "Berth Allocation Model for Container Terminal using Genetic Algorithm Technique: Case of Apapa Wharf, Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Computer Science and Its Application 28, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcsia.v28i1.1.
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The Nigeria ports plays a vital role in socio-economic growth by being a cheap mode of conveying shipments for importation and exportation. The number of vessels coming into the Nigerian ports every year is on the average of about 4,900. A well flourishing and efficient ports and cargo management will in no doubt put a developing economy such as Nigeria in a leading pedestal with developed nations. Thus, stakeholders in container terminals are concerned about discharging containers as fast as possible, with the purpose of saving terminal costs. This study is driven to minimize the time being used up by ships in container terminal using genetic algorithm (GA) and thus attain maximum efficiency. The limited berth space in the wharf lead to berth allocation problem (BAP) and an optimal solution is required. Moreover, high berth occupancy results in congestion where vessels are queuing to be served. This leads to high turn-around time and results in bad service for the container terminal. The aim of this study is to develop and implement a genetic algorithm based model for berth allocation (i.e. GAMBA) with the view to minimize the total delay times of vessels at container terminals. A study of the operations in Apapa wharf was done with the view to understand the berth allocation process vis-à-vis the challenges therein. The relevant parameters required for berth allocation were identified and GAMBA was developed using the identified parameters. GAMBA was implemented using real life data collected from the container terminal, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria. The results showed that increasing the quay length by 250m has a very similar outcome on the container port’s efficiency as reducing the proportion of increasing handling time by 0.0025 h/m. This revealed that the outcome on the container port’s efficiency by increasing the quayside length was the same as reducing the proportion of increasing management time. Based on these results, the optimized allocation of container storage and the automation of the handling process can be proposed as cheaper alternatives to construction and development of the containers port in relation to increasing the productivity of the port.
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Milovanova, Evgeniya A., Alexei A. Milovanov, and Alexei I. Milovanov. "Approaches to the creation of the new vehicle of «Monojet»." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 1 (2016): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162165-88.
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The vehicle is offered the body of which is made to create during the movement an aerodynamic elevating force, and is supplied with mechanical means of communication with a motionless carrying track. The distinguished feature of this vehicle is that it uses current conducting track being on high-speed sections of the track as a unit of transport system suspended to the vehicle in the function of cable-current conductor. The aim of the works creation on the basis of monorail, suspended cable-way and airtransport of essentially new type of transport combining their best properties and strengthening them: - reliability, weatherproof, opportunity of complete automation of management of process of transportations and cargo handling works; - high carrying capacity, speed and range of action without increasing capacity of bearing(carrying) ways; - meeting the high requirements on the part of ecology and profitability in an expenditure of energy carriers, because of application of various means from the electric power up to energy of natural gas; - flexibility of formation of structure of transport. The new vehicle, uses a monorail as track; its body can be made to create in it the elevating force on a principle of aerostatics and in addition it is supplied with constructive elements, to create aerodynamic elevating force during the movement. Thus the track can be made as a combination of powerful sections for an acceleration and facilitated mid-flight sites. The monorail of a transit can be supplied with current conductor, feeding power installation, and on mid-flight sections of a way it can be made, as a cable-current conductor. The power(force) installation can be made as a combination of engines of electrical draft with engines of jet draft or draft of the air screw, to change the position of a vector of draft in planes from horizontal up to vertical. The name of an offered type of transport is logically justified: "MONOJET" - IS THE VEHICLE CARRYING OUT MOVEMENT IN SPACE CLOSE TO FLIGHT, ON a UNIQUE TRAJECTORY GIVEN BY A RAIL OF THE TRACK.
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SHYRIAIEVA, L. V., O. K. AFANASIEVA, and M. O. FEDORUK. "DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS." Economic innovations 21, no. 4(73) (2019): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.4(73).189-198.
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Topicality. The supply chain of tomorrow will be leaner, faster and most importantly, self-orchestrated. This unprecedented pace of change will be driven by a few radical technologies that will be cautiously adopted by industry participants over the next 15 years.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of this article to determine the level of implementation of digital technologies in transport industries, identify obstacles to their wide distribution, as well as assess the immediate prospects for the use of electronic document management, web platforms, artificial intelligence, large data in the field of transport and infrastructure.
 Research results. This new era has seen several technological advances fuse, creating powerful new digital tools that will be used to dramatically reshape industries, including logistics, over the next few years. This slower rate of digital adoption brings enormous risks that, if ignored, could be potentially catastrophic for even the biggest established players in the business. There are benefits of using e-carrier to manage shipments and logistics, such as: easier planning of shipments; save time with web booking of transport; improved workflow with a document management system; direct access to statistics and reports; optimised order management and inventory overview. The purpose of bringing automation to ports and terminals is to introduce a whole new level of consistency when handling cargo, and the results are: reduced labor costs, minimization of human errors and delays, reduced carbon emissions compared to manually operated terminals.
 Conclusion. The rapid evolution of new technologies and their affordable nature is driving people to adopt them on a massive level, making their lives easier. This forces entities and their ecosystems to transform in order to improve their competitive position and sometimes even to maintain it. Digitalization will help to deliver better business results and to better control trading and operational risks in one place. Timing is, of course, another opportunity as shipping and trading companies need to be able to react much faster today than they did in the past. Cloud technology within the digitalization wave will unleash those opportunities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cargo handling - Automation"
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Lau, Shuk-kwan, and 劉淑君. "An immunological approach to rolling horizon order pickup scheduling for AS/RSs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4440668X.
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Chui, Yun Chuen. "Coordinated scheduling with two automatic stacking cranes in a container block /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202009%20CHUI.
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Pereira, Celso Fernandes. "Automatic manipulator for a cargo handling system." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29407.
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Logistics plays a very important role in today’s economy and in business
management. With the increasing need for cargo transportation as a result of
economic globalization, the need to develop and optimize logistic processes,
more specifically cargo loading and unloading, has increased so companies
can improve their profitability and productivity.
The purpose of this dissertation is to enable these objectives to be met in
logistic processes by contributing to the development of a system based on
a robotic manipulator that automatically places objects to be transported
in a limited space by receiving position indications according to a specific
configuration generated by a previously developed optimization system
This dissertation presents the process of creation and development of this
system, its implementation and migration to the software programs ROS and
Gazebo, and, finally, the execution of tests and simulations to the system
accompanied by a critical analysis.
Finally, we conclude with observations about future improvements and possible
developments for the implemented system.<br>A logística desempenha um papel muito importante na economia atual e na
gestão de empresas. Com a crescente necessidade de transporte de mercadorias
como resultado da globalização económica surgiu a necessidade de
desenvolver e otimizar os processos logísticos, mais propriamente no carregamento
e descarregamento de mercadorias de forma às empresas aumentarem
a sua rentabilidade e produtividade.
Esta dissertação tem como intuito permitir o cumprimento destes objetivos
nos processos logísticos através da contribuição para o desenvolvimento de
um sistema baseado num manipulador robótico que coloca de forma automática
os objetos a transportar num espaço limitado, recebendo as indicações
de posicionamento segundo uma configuração gerada por um sistema
de otimização anteriormente desenvolvido.
Esta dissertação apresenta assim o processo de criação e desenvolvimento
deste sistema, a sua implementação e migração para os softwares ROS e
Gazebo e, por fim, a realização de testes e simulações do sistema acompanhados
de uma análise crítica.
Por fim, conclui-se com observações acerca de futuros melhoramentos e
desenvolvimentos possíveis para a solução e sistema implementado.<br>Mestrado em Engenharia de Automação Industrial
Books on the topic "Cargo handling - Automation"
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The Best of Bulk Solids Handling: Bulk Handling in Open Pit Mines and Quarries (Best of Bulk Solids Handling 1981-1985). Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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The Best of Bulk Solids Handling: Conveyor Belt Technology (Best of Bulk Solids Handling, 1981-1986). Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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H, Wöhlbier Reinhard, ed. Bulk handling in open pit mines & quarries. Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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Whohlbier, Reinhard H. Best of Bulk Solids Handling: Pneumatic Conveying of Bulk and Powder (Best of Bulk Solids Handling 1981-1985). Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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Whohlbier, Reinhard H. The Best of Bulk Solids Handling: Bulk Port Development Design and Operation (Best of Bulk Solids Handling, 1981-1985). Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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Whohlbier, Reinhard H. The Best of Bulk Solids Handling: Continuous Ship Unloading and Self-Unloading Vessels (Best of Bulk Solids Handling 1981-1985). Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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H, Wöhlbier Reinhard, ed. Continuous ship unloading & self-unloading ships & vessels. Trans Tech Publications, 1986.
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H, Wöhlbier Reinhard, ed. Bulk port development, design & operation. Trans Tech Publications, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cargo handling - Automation"
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Padayachee, Indira, and John Mukomana. "Factors Influencing Port Terminal Automation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." In Responsible, Sustainable, and Globally Aware Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7638-9.ch010.
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Port terminals play an integral role in the transportation logistics chain by providing cargo handling, storage, and warehousing services to a range of shipping lines, freight forwarders, and cargo owners. This chapter reports on a case study aimed at determining the challenges and limitations experienced with the current information and communication technology used in port terminals in Durban and examines how technological, organizational, and environmental factors influence port automation. A quantitative approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was designed to collect data. The findings revealed that adequate technology needs to be acquired, and the compatibility and complexity of the technology have the biggest influence on the automation of terminal ports in Durban. Communication with stakeholders and IT skills retention were found to be the most important organizational factors and customer readiness emerged as an important environmental factor influencing the automation of port terminals in Durban.
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Padayachee, Indira, and John Mukomana. "Factors Influencing Port Terminal Automation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." In Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8548-1.ch100.
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Port terminals play an integral role in the transportation logistics chain by providing cargo handling, storage, and warehousing services to a range of shipping lines, freight forwarders, and cargo owners. This chapter reports on a case study aimed at determining the challenges and limitations experienced with the current information and communication technology used in port terminals in Durban and examines how technological, organizational, and environmental factors influence port automation. A quantitative approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was designed to collect data. The findings revealed that adequate technology needs to be acquired, and the compatibility and complexity of the technology have the biggest influence on the automation of terminal ports in Durban. Communication with stakeholders and IT skills retention were found to be the most important organizational factors and customer readiness emerged as an important environmental factor influencing the automation of port terminals in Durban.
Conference papers on the topic "Cargo handling - Automation"
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Smith, Charles A. "Use of Computer Simulation to Assure Success of Cargo Handling Automation." In 14th International Forum for Air Cargo and International Air Cargo (1988). SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/880964.
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Park, Kyoung Taik. "A Study on Highly Efficient Cargo Handling System." In 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2011/0285.
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Yongpan Hu, Limin Tao, Jun Jia, and Wei Lv. "Control and simulation of cable-driven parallel robots in offshore cargo handling." In 2014 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2014.7053107.
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Nair, A., and A. Pillai. "Concept Design of an Unmanned Surface Vessel for Offshore Cargo Delivery." In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.031.
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A technological push for the adoption of unmanned surface vessels is afoot in the marine industry, keeping abreast with the developments in the land and aviation transportation sector. The adoption of technology has the potential to improve efficiency and safety of operations, to transfer onshore human activity relating to vessel control and to make working conditions for ‘crew’ more appealing. Houlder Ltd, with its entrenched vessel and equipment design competencies serving the marine, offshore and defense sectors, has designed the concept of an unmanned surface vessel for offshore operations and maintenance. The project has been undertaken jointly with automation and control and marine logistics experts in the U.K. This paper presents the Houlder unmanned surface vessel concept design, delivering units of cargo to an offshore windfarm monopile platform. The project has been devised as part of the (Windfarm Autonomous Ship) project supported by Innovate UK and other project partners. Decoupling onboard human intervention from vessel operation has prompted rethinking on the vessel layout and re-examination of the suitability of current regulations. The design considerations have revised the spatial requirements and machinery systems for the unmanned and intended function. Further, the design has incorporated an innovative cargo handling.
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Li, Xue qin. "Automatic Control Process Analysis on Railway Cargo Handling Conditions under E-Commerce." In Fourth International Conference on Transportation Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413159.217.
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Nasif, Hesham R., Fukuzo Masuda, Hiromasa Iida, Hidetsugu Morota, Satoshi Sato, and Chikara Konno. "Development of the CAD/MCNP Automatic Conversion Code GEOMIT." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75229.
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GEOMIT is the CAD/MCNP conversion interface code. The old version of GEOMIT had a limited capability from CAD model handling point of view. It is developed to automatically generate Monte Carlo geometrical data from CAD data due to the difference in the representation scheme. GEOMIT is capable of importing different CAD format as well as exporting different CAD format. GEOMIT has a capability to produce solid cells as well as void cells without using complement operator. While loading the CAD shapes (Solids), each shape is assigning material number and density according to its color. Shape fixing process is been applied to cure the errors in the CAD data. Vertices location correctness is evaluated first, then a removal of free edges and removal of small faces processes. Binary Space Portioning (BSP) tree technique is used to automatically split complicated solids into simpler cells to avoid excessive complicated cells for MCNP to run faster. MCNP surfaces are subjected to an automatic reduction before creating the model. CAD data of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) benchmark model has been converted successfully to MCNP geometrical input. The first wall heat loading calculations agree very well with other countries results.
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Malhotra, Chetan P., Roop L. Mahajan, and W. S. Sampath. "High Knudsen Number Physical Vapor Deporition: Predicting Deposition Rates and Uniformity." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82329.
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Although the analogy between thermal radiation and collisionless molecular flow has been known since the experiments of Knudsen in the early 20th century, it has not been exploited for mainstream analysis of physical vapor deposition processes. With the availability of commercial finite element and computational fluid dynamics software having built-in cavity radiation solvers with features such as automatic surface definition, meshing and view factor calculation, the analysis of thermal radiation problems has become a straightforward procedure. A direct result of this is the ease with which high vacuum deposition processes can be analyzed via the radiation-molecular flow analogy. There are several advantages of using the analogy as opposed to analytical and Monte-Carlo methods which have been traditionally employed for analyzing PVD processes. These include the ease of handling complex geometries and reduced computing times due to the replacement of the probabilistic calculations in Monte Carlo simulations with a deterministic one. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a commercial finite element software, ABAQUS, for predicting deposition profiles from planar as well as tube sources and compare them with those presented in thin-film literature. We also compare the prediction of flow rates through long tubes with those calculated analytically by Knudsen. The predictions are in good agreement with the analytical and experimental data thus establishing the validity of the method in analyzing real-life deposition and molecular flow problems. Finally, we employ ABAQUS for predicting the thickness variation in an actual thin-film deposition setup and compare the results with experimental measurements.