Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cathodes – Matériaux – Propriétés thermomécaniques'
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Bouzemmi, Wadii. "Caractérisation des matériaux carbonés des blocs cathodiques utilisés dans la cuve d'électrolyse Hall-Héroult." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26933/26933.pdf.
Full textFaraoun, Houda Imane. "Modélisation des propriétés thermomécaniques des matériaux abradables." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2008.
Full textAbradable seals are made for gas flux control in turbines and compressors. Good abradability implies reasonably low rigidity and sufficient hardness to resist to erosion, corrosion, oxidation, thermal choc and spontaneous combustion. Abradable materials consistent of a mixture of several structural elements: metallic matrix, solid lubricant phase and controlled amount of porosity. The development of composition and structure of abradables was until now mostly empirical using wear-maps, when theoretical studies resume to few schematic models established on experimental observations. In this thesis, we initiate a model that serves to structure improvement of abradables. It's a part of larger research activity within a European project aiming at developing enhanced abradables coatings by controlling the microstructure and its impact on mechanical properties. The first activity was to acquire more understanding on the relation between abradability and structure using morphological description of coatings. An image analysis approach was developed to quantify the geometrical parameters of structural elements. It is then used to get quantitative thermomechanical properties of some reference coatings by means of finite element analysis. A procedure for properties prediction for coatings before their spraying is proposed and the simulation tools necessary to its application created
Carbonneau, Xavier. "Etude des propriétés thermomécaniques de mullite zircone et de zircon." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0105/these.pdf.
Full textThe high temperature mechanical properties of mullite zirconia obtained by reaction sintering, and zircon have been studied. Numerous transmission electron microscopy observations have been conducted to obtain an accurate microstructural characterization, and a better knowledge of the glassy phase composition and localization. Crack propagation is then measured at high temperature using the double torsion technique. Crack healing observed during these tests is especially studied in the case of zircon. Internal friction measurements have also been conducted to try to characterize the glassy phase. In addition, the creep behavior has been studied using bending tests. These results are completed with others obtained on previously indented specimens to better understand the fracture behavior. A threshold has been observed in the crack propagation in zircon. These results are close to those obtained with the double torsion technique
Pedraza, Alvaro. "Propriétés thermomécaniques d’enrobés multi-recyclés." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET001/document.
Full textReuse of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is considered as one of the main solutions to cope with the objectives of worldwide sustainable development. In this way, the reuse of RAP in bituminous mixtures has been matter of study in previous papers (Chen et al., 2009; Kaur et al., 2013; Mogawer et al., 2012; Ru-bio et al., 2012; Sias Daniel et al., 2013; Valdés et al., 2011) and had concluded be economically profitable as well as had demonstrated the durability of the tested materials. Nowadays, new topics overcome dealing with how increase the RAP content and how many times RAP could be recycled. In France, a collaborative research and development project called “Multi-recycling of warm foam bitu-minous mixtures” (MURE) have brought together all the stakeholders involved in road construction. The pro-gram has run since March 2014. The scientific part of MURE project is IMPROVMURE project (Innovation for Materials and Processes for Improving the Multi-Recycling of Mixes). The overall budget of the project were €4.7M, €2.3M of which been provided by the ANR (National Re-search Agency) in the framework of the IMPROVMURE project, which has gotten under way in March 2014 and its main goal of characterizing the remobilization of the binder from recycled materials was the evalua-tion of the durability of mixes with the addition of binder. Thus, one objective of this project is to determine the thermomechanical properties of multi-recycled bi-tuminous mixtures, so in the context of this goal the current study was made. Likewise this investigation was a collaboration between the Tribology and System Dynamics Laboratory (LTDS) of the University of Lyon/ENTPE (“Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat” ) and the French company EIFFAGE Infra-structures. For this study 15 types of bituminous mixtures were tested, the bituminous mixtures were produced in the laboratory and construction site, also two different techniques were studied for mixtures elaboration: hot and warm using foamed bitumen in both cases, the RAP content on these were 0%, 40%, 70% and even close to 100% produced after several recycling operations (up to 3 cycles). All bituminous mixtures have 3 invariants: the first is the same aggregate grading curves (except the bituminous mixture with 100% of RAP). The second one is the total binder content (5.4% in total weight). The last is classified as BBSG-03 0/10 bitu- 15 minous mixture, as is specified in the European standards for classification of bituminous mixtures (NF EN 13108-1 - 2007). Three domains of behaviour were studied: Linear Viscoelastic behaviour (LVE), cracking behaviour at low temperature and the fracture behaviour at low temperature. The LVE was studied considering complex modulus tests on bituminous mixtures and were performed in tension/compression on cylindrical samples, thus LVE behaviour was then modelled with 2S2P1D rheological model, developed at Uni. of Lyon / ENTPE, for the other hand cracking behaviour at low temperature was studied considering Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Tests (TSRST), and finally fracture behaviour at low temperature was studied with the crack propagation tests as a monotonic loading
Hebert, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux composites pour applications aérospatiales." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10069.
Full textHernandez, Jean-François. "Comportement thermomécanique des bétons réfractaires et des revêtements monolithiques des poches a acier : influence de la déshydratation." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066519.
Full textLallam, Abdelaziz. "Corrélations entre les propriétés thermomécaniques de films diélectriques plastiques et les caractéristiques de composants passifs." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19054.
Full textLeroy, Lise. "Structure et comportements thermomécaniques de matériaux à base d’amidon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10199/document.
Full textThe present work, carried out in the frame of the WIBIO project which deals with the development of partly bio-based food packaging, is aimed at understanding relationships between structure and thermo-mechanical properties of starch based films.The study of native starches underlines the influence of water on the thermal properties and the difficulty to achieve destructuration without promoting recrystallization. Mechanical characterization of water plasticized thermoplastic starch does not enable to conclude on the respective influences of molar mass and composition. Also, in spite of achieving a fairly large draw ration, no significant orientation phenomenon is revealed from X-ray analysis. Structural investigations of starch triesters, obtained by full substitution of starch OH groups by alkyl chains, show that these hydrophobic materials display a sheet-like structure in which the amylaceous chains are confined in planar zones separated by extended alkyl chains. Starch composition has no influence on the thermal properties of these materials. On the contrary, alkyl chain length induces a drastic reduction in drawability, as soon as the chains are long enough to interpenetrate and crystallize. In-situ X-ray diffraction experiments reveal the gradual orientation of amylaceous chains towards the draw axis during the stretching of fully amorphous compositions
Homerin, Pierre. "Préparation et caractérisation de matériaux céramique à base d'alumine renforces par une dispersion de zircone." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0041.
Full textNavarri, Philippe. "Etude du séchage par rayonnement infrarouge : application à un produit capillaro-poreux et à une enduction." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10265.
Full textWitz, Jean-François. "Relations entre texture et propriétés thermomécaniques de laines minérales." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066762.
Full textPeczalski, Roman. "Comportement hygrothermique et mécanique d'aggloméré d'abrasif hygroscopique : application au séchage des meules de rectification." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10231.
Full textLakrit, Mohamed. "Comportement et cinétique de transformation martensitique sous sollicitation multiaxiale des matériaux métastables." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0021/document.
Full textPhase transformation considerably influences the thermomechanical properties of metastable materials. This is reflected in the numerical model that simulates the behavior of these materials for the calculation codes and require experiments.Thus, the present work concerns the characterization of the axial and multi-axial behavior of two iTRIP steels, 301L steel and 304L steel in addition to a shape memory alloy based on CuAlBe. This characterization is coupled with monitoring of phase transformation kinetics through the measurement of the electrical resistance.The first chapter is a bibliographic study of the two classes of metastable materials mentioned above as well as the phase transformation phenomenon and its characterization techniques. The second chapter deals with uniaxial thermomechanical tests on a steel iTRIP to validate the phase assay. The multiaxial thermomechanical testing performed on specimens tubular steel 304L iTrip will be presented.The third chapter is devoted to uniaxial tests performed on CuAlBe spicemens and realization phase doping in a three-phase case. Also, the validation of the assumption of linearity between the martensite volume fraction and the equivalent transformation strain in the case of proportional and non-proportional loading is done
Kong, Xiang Zheng. "Copolymérisation en émulsion acétate de vinyle-acrylate de butyle : relations procédé de synthèse-structure : propriétés thermomécaniques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19047.
Full textPlouraboué, Thibaud. "Optimisation des propriétés thermomécaniques d’adhésifs polyépoxydes structuraux en conditions extrêmes : relation structure-propriétés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0413.
Full textThe democratisation of bonding technologies in aerospace field leads industrials to demand more and more efficient adhesives. The aim of this thesis is to optimise thermomechanical properties of two-component epoxy adhesives which need to preserve structural properties on a large scale of temperature (from -150°C to +150°C) and observing application process requirements.The analysis of scientific literature and preliminary experiments enable to select the most relevant binary epoxy system in terms of reactivity and bonding mechanical properties. To optimise high temperature resistance of this epoxy system, two approaches have been explored: addition of multi-functionalised epoxy resin to extend the crosslink density, and use of cycloaliphatic amines which increase the rigidity of macromolecular segments. To improve crack propagation resistance in low temperature, tougheners reveal an interest to formulate room temperature structural adhesives. On the basis of these results, complex formulations have been developed. Synergy and inhibition phenomenon between the formulation blends have been observed without being able to fully understand them which highlight the difficulty to predict the behaviour of complex adhesives such as commercial formulations.This thesis works allowed to develop a two-component epoxy adhesive formulation which meets aerospace requirements, and to bring about a formulation strategy which could be adapted to others sectors activities
Conchin, Frédéric. "Etude du comportement thermomécanique en relation avec la microstructure de matériaux à renfort fibreux SiC/C/SiC 2D." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0006.
Full textThe study of damage mechanisms and fracture behaviour of two ceramic-ceramic composite grades (2D SiC/C/SiC) is achieved by mechanical tests. These are conducted at room temperature (R. T. ), at high temperature (H. T. ) and at R. T. After ageing under different environments (vacuum, air and argon). The R curves are plotted under linear elastic behaviour assumption. At R. T. A fracture behaviour difference between two grades is exhibited : pro cess zone (large size) quasi static propagation with crack for the first one and edge effect (large bridging length) for the another one. At H. T. Degradation of the materials being observed and after ageing no significant variation is observed. The mechanical properties drops at H. T. Are due to the interface and interphase modifications and degradation fibres and to a lower extent to fibre degradation The study of R curves shows the difficulty to obtain intrinsic parameters m case of fibre composites (bridged crack). This is the reason for which a first approach based on bridging stresses crack opening dis placement relationship (μ-u curve) is proposed. The first results at R. T. And at H. T. Seem to confirm the theoretical analysis
Ratovoson, Domoina. "Propriétés thermomécaniques de la peau et de son environnement direct." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716268.
Full textPetitjean, Marie. "Propriétés et réactivité de ferromanganites de lanthane strontium, cathodes de piles à combustible SOFC." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS057.
Full textDesmarres, Jean-Michel. "Composites à matrice Si(3)N(4) et Trichites SiC : élaboration, comportement à l'oxydation, propriétés thermomécaniques." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMOA002.
Full textGaudon, Alain. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la résistance aux chocs thermiques de céramiques thermomécaniques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30252.
Full textJoliff, Yoann. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des propriétés d'élasticité de matériaux modèles hétérogènes." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2a4370fc-c301-4729-ac60-860e0d601595/blobholder:0/2006LIMO4072.pdf.
Full textThe thermomechanical behavior of refractory materials strongly depends on the values of their Young's modulus. However their microstructure, always complex, makes difficult the comprehension of the temperature influence on their elastic moduli. This work is devoted to the study of the temperature dependance of the elastic properties of real refractory materials, by means of the study of bi-phased model materials (glass matrix and alumina inclusions). The thermal mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients of the material components induces debondings at the matrix/inclusions interfaces. The lack of analytical model able to predict the apparent Young's modulus value of such materials, led us to implement a numerical approach using the finite element method. Numerical models containing one or many inclusion(s) are subjected to thermal loadings which damage the matrix/inclusion(s) interface because of the temperature variation imposed (increase and/or decrease). Then, the Young's modulus of these materials is estimated by simulating a compression and/or tension test. Moreover, experimental values of the same parameter are obtained by an ultrasonic technique making it possible to follow in situ the evolution of the Young's modulus according to the temperature. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results for samples exhibiting the same inclusions contents is generally very satisfactory and thus valids the approach developed in the present work
Issoupov, Vitali. "Proposition d'une procédure pour la simulation de l'effet d'un environnement spatial d'orbite basse sur des matériaux composites." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30074.
Full textShi, Huiji. "Etude en fatigue thermomécanique sur un acier inoxydable : réalisation d'essais et prévision de la durée de vie du matériau." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Shi.Huiji.SMZ9214.pdf.
Full textLow cycle thermal mechanical fatigue tests were carried out on 316L stainless steel specimens. These tests were automatically controlled by a micro computer which permits to realize the superposition of thermal and mechanical cycles with the waveforms of out-of-phase and in-phase. Two temperature ranges (250° C-500°C and 250°C-650°C) of thermal cycling were controlled with the same waveform as the mechanical cycling. Both types of tests (in-phase and out-of-phase) were conducted at the same strain rate of 0,0001/s. The total strain range were realized from 1,0% to 2,4%. To predict the lifetime of components submitted to thermal mechanical fatigue, first the stress strain response of the material in stabilized cycles was simulated by a non linear kinematic hardening model. An internal variable was introduced into this model in order to describe the thermal cycling effect. With isothermal fatigue data this kinematic hardening model using three parameters depending on temperature and plastic strain range can correctly yields a very good approximation of hysteresis loop for low cycle thermal mechanical fatigue. To describe the influence of the variable tempetature on damage in thermal mechanical fatigue, a temperature damage factor was introduced. To study the fatigue damage process, a typical stabilized hysteresis loop of thermal mechanical cycling is considered to be the combination of great deal of parts, each of them corresponding to a given temperature, and a linear damage model based on the total strain energy density is supposed. This method using the isothermal fatigue data gives satisfactory results for thermal mechanical fatigue life prediction
Laloui, Lyesse. "Modélisation du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des milieux poreux anélastiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0276.
Full textSoro, Julien. "Elaboration par coulage en bande et caractérisation de composites fibreux à matrice à base de ciment alumineux." Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/277b6612-aad6-4cc7-b012-240bd5893755/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0003.pdf.
Full textFor "large public" utilisation, corresponding to materials with good thermo-mechanical properties at temperatures about 1200°C, a research program was undertaken to apply the tape casting method in to great diffusion materials such as aluminous cements (SECAR 71 – Lafarge-Alumitnates). The object is to manufacture composite materials with low cost mineral matrix reinforced with fibres in 1D or 2D configuration, which can be used in oxidizing atmosphere. The results we have obtained, show that it is possible to make by tape casting, composites with hydraulic binder matrix reinforced by ceramic fibres, presenting a non-fragile behaviour and preserving a good level of rupture strength after dehydration
Benzaid, Rajaa. "Comportement thermomécanique de céramiques nanostructurées." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0041/these.pdf.
Full textTessier-Doyen, Nicolas. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux réfractaires modèles." Limoges, 2003. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6053bd07-6cc3-4e47-b2cd-93801a27e7b2/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0030.pdf.
Full textCaillard, Renaud. "Synthèse, propriétés supraconductrices et thermomécaniques de céramiques texturées des systèmes Y-Ba-Cu-O et Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2016.
Full textCoativy, Gildas. "Optimisation des propriétés de mémoire de forme de l’amidon : rôle des procédés thermomécaniques et apport de l’introduction de nanocharges." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=dd59b6e5-214f-4120-a9fc-fc73e3210d86.
Full textStarch has shape memory properties: after hot forming and quenching, it is able to recover its initial shape by crossing the glass transition, by heating and/or by moisture uptake. The target of the present work is to improve the material’s thermomechanical performances during shape recovery. Two approaches were studied: the optimization of the hot forming process and the introduction of lamellar nanofillers (montmorillonites) in the matrix by twin screw extrusion. Model processes and specific structural and thermomechanical characterization methods allowed optimizing the elaboration process and allowed a better understanding of the shape memory and stress relaxation mechanisms. Composites containing 1 to 10% of nanofillers have been processed using a twin screw microcompounder allowing simulating the extrusion process. The best dispersion states were obtained without addition of a surfactant. Indeed, an aggregation of the nanoparticles was induced by the cationic starch used. The obtained bionanocomposites showed a significant increase of mechanical performances, without decrease of the shape memory properties and with an improvement of the relaxation stress. However, the shape relaxation kinetics appears to be slowed down. This could be related to a modification of the macromolecular dynamics observed in presence of the nanofiller by calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
Durieux, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermo-mécaniques de composites à matrice métallique à renforts particulaires." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0096.
Full textThis thesis work is a contribution for understanding the mechanisms which govern the thermo-mechanical behaviour of a metal matrix composite. Namely, the relations between the mesostructure and the mechanical and thermo-mechanical behaviours of the studied composite are shown. This study is based on four major research axes : a fine characterisation, first, of the mesostructure, which points out a preferential orientation of reinforcement linked to the elaboration process of the material and, second, of the microstructure, which allows to identify the phenomena acting at the microstructural scale on the visco-plastic behaviour of the matrix ; a study of elastic and micro-plastic behaviours of the composite. The relation between the transversal isotropy of elastic constants and the preferential orientation of reinforcement is clearly shown, both experimentally and analytically through behaviour models (Mari/Tanaka and Ponte-Castaneda/Willis). The micro-plastic behaviour allows. Through an analysis method developed at the laboratory, to characterise, first, the residual stress fields due to the composite elaboration and, second, the local yield stress of the matrix ; a characterisation of the therrno-mechanical behaviour of the composite which shows an enhancement of the thermal cycling strain rate with respect to isothermal creep. The effects of the thermo-mechanical parameters on the strain are deeply studied. Observations of damage after numerous thermal cycles under load, are presented and allow to identify the initiation mechanisms; a theoretic analysis of experimental results, based on the study of stress fields generated by strain incompatibilities between matrix and reinforcement, which shows that the strain enhancement during thermal cycling is originated by the plastic accommodations processing acting at microstructural scale. Besides, an analysis of the damage initiation mechanisms is presented, which initiates the development of a life length prediction during thermal cycling under load
Maurel, Gaëtan. "Simulations multi-échelles de matériaux polymères." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22512/document.
Full textPolymer materials are widely used, both for everyday applications and in high-technology products. These materials involves a wide range of time and length scales, making the modelling of their properties challenging by using only one method. This thesis focuses on the development of a multiscale strategy, combining different levels of description of the matter. The aim is to reach the rheological properties of a polymer over a large time scale, while retaining the chemical structure inherent of its microstructure. The investigation of structure-property relationships will then be facilitated. The mesoscopic potentials are developped from atomistic configurations. A quantitative reproduction of several structural properties of the polymer such as density or end to end distance is obtained. Then, the transferability of the potentials has been studied through the dependence of temperature, pressure or polymer structure on thermomechanical properties. By using these potentials, nonequilibrium simulations have been carried out to calculate the entanglement mass and the plateau modulus. The multicale approach has been extended to model the polymer-silica interaction in order to study the impact of the degree of confinement or the grafting density on the dynamical and structural properties of polymer chains close to the surface
Germidis, Angelos. "Comportement thermomécanique de structures alvéolaires pour pots catalytiques." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://pastel.paristech.org/3517/01/Germidis.pdf.
Full textHoneycomb structures for catalytic converters made of refractory Iron-Chromium-Aluminium alloy work at high temperature in oxidizing conditions. This thesis aims at understanding the damage mechanisms of parts in service, mainly due to oxidation or coupled oxidation and thermal fatigue of the structure. Material related aspects have been studied in 3 steps : Microstructural and kinetic study of ageing. Study of the mechanical behaviour at high temperature (800-1000°C) and low stresses of the metallic foil. Experimental and numerical simulation of the metal-oxide composite, with focus on reinforcement effects and isothermal/ anisothermal dimensional stability issues. This works basic data and knowledge to define an optimal preoxidation treatment optimising wash-coat adhesion, oxidation protection and dimensional stability. More fundamentally, we have studied growth deformations in oxide layers based on the analysis of specific experiments, the mechanical testing system developed at Centre des Matériaux and the FEM simulation Code Zebulon. Regarding the structure, we have focused on the metallic spiral monolith. The study of the local elastic properties of the honeycomb has shown the importance of the exact geometry of the brazed area on the mechanical behaviour of the whole. In addition, the extremes microstructures found in the monolith, in phase and out-of phase, displayed a very different behaviour in elastic properties and behaviour under thermal cycling, the former being the best. The repartition law between those 2 phases as a function of the L/e ratio between wave length and amplitude of the corrugated foil has been determined. Observations on damaged parts have confirmed the role of this distribution
tardif, nicolas. "Étude du comportement à haute température d'une fissuration instable dans l'acier 16MND5 et application au calcul de la rupture d'un fond de cuve en cas d'accident grave." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0105.
Full textConnesson, Nathanaël. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux métalliques." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0016.
Full textThermomechanical measurements are some-times performed to estimate fatigue limits and other mechanical properties of materials. How-ever, these empirical methods lack physical justification. What are the physical phenomena causing materials self-heating? What information can be obtained through thermal measurements? The aim of this work is to provide answers to theses questions. A precise dissipative energy measurement method (fields or spatially averaged dissipative energy) has been developed. A method to measure the plastic work per cycle (loading in tension-tension) has also been proposed. The thermomechanical characteristics of four materials (aluminum, ferritic steel, stainless steel and dual-phase steel) have then been studied. Much experimental data have been generated during this work, studying the energy behaviour of these materials during strain-hardening process (the aim was to establish an energy balance cycle by cycle) or simply studying the main characteristics of these materials dissipative energy in viscoelastic behaviour. Thus, the dissipative energy was usually proved insensitive to the strain rate, increased with the applied maximum stress, increased with plastic strain, was aging depend, etc. Theses experimental data could be used to feed mathematical models
Guichard, Bryan. "Renforcement thermomécanique et amélioration des propriétés barrière aux essences du HDPE par des approches (nano)composites." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1031/document.
Full textIn the recent years, the use of polyolefin and especially Polyethylene are of economic interest resulting in a growing attention concerning the improvement of its properties of use, especially for automotive application. In this context, the reinforcement of its thermomechanical properties and the improvement of its barrier properties to different fuels over an extended temperature range constitute a major scientific and environmental challenge. In this study, we first decided to analyze the impact of silica particles and of an annealing at 125°C under air atmosphere on thermomechanical properties of a HDPE. The second area of research was focused on the improvement of its barrier properties to fuels by the addition of lamellar charges known for their high aspect ratio inducing a tortuosity effect. The impact of these particles on sorption and extraction phenomena was also studied to determine an optimal HDPE-based formulation in order to limit the physical loss of oligomers and antioxidants. The guideline of this project was the determination of Structure / Morphology / Properties relationships to have a better understanding of the involved mechanisms
Julliere, Benjamin. "Contrôle actif à l'aide de piézocomposites des déformations induites thermiquement dans les matériaux composites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23611/23611.pdf.
Full textHouel, Adrien. "Endommagement à la fatigue et fissuration mécanique des enrobés bitumeux sur dalle orthotrope." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0035/these.pdf.
Full textThe behavior of asphalt layers on steel decks is complex. It is a soft support and must have a strong resistance to cracking. The five-point bending fatigue test is the standard deviee in France for the dimensioning of the asphalt layer in laboratory. A deviee bas been improved operational since 2003 at the ENTPE laboratory. Specimens are representative of a real deck. The mechanical evolution is monitored with strain gauges and displacements sensors throughout the test. Moreover a non-destructive test based on ultrasonic measurements bas been developed. Thus, mechanical characteristics are followed up, and it makes it possible to plot damage evolution curve for each asphalt mix tested. This test is finally modeled with high quality that enables a preliminary study of the behavior of different asphalt mix
Hidalgo, Manuel. "Synthèse et caractérisation physicochimique et thermomécanique des matériaux filmogènes issus de latex à base styrène-acrylate de butyle fonctionnalisés." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10015.
Full textGakwaya, Myriam. "Compensation des déformations induites thermiquement dans les matériaux composites à l'aide d'un piézocomposite." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23590/23590.pdf.
Full textLanfant, Briac. "Élaboration et étude des propriétés thermomécaniques de composites à matrice SiC nanostructurée renforcée par des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112275/document.
Full textCeramic carbides materials such as SiC, due to their refractory nature and their low neutron absorption are believed to be promising candidates for high temperature nuclear or aerospace applications. However, SiC brittleness has limited its structural application. In this context this work examines in a first part the possibilities to perform dense nanostructured SiC matrix by SPS without the use of sintering additive. Indeed a reduction of grain size (below 100 nm) accompanied by a high final density seem to be the solutions to counteract the brittleness and thus to improve mechanical properties. Dense (95%) and nanostructured (grain size around 100 nm) SiC samples were obtained thanks to the realization of an effective dispersion technique and the study on the sintering parameters effect. High hardness (2200 Hv) and decent fracture toughness (3.0 MPa.m1/2) were achieved. This first work also showed the preponderant influence of recurrent pollutants (oxygen and carbon) found in SiC powders on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered samples. The oxygen as silica or silicon oxycarbide seems to promote densification mechanisms while free carbon (3.5%wt) causes lower grain size and densification state. Mechanical properties with carbon are also negatively impacted (950 Hv and 2.4 MPa.m1/2). Such degradation is due by the specific localization of carbon structure between the grains. In return of the expected mechanical properties improvement by reducing the grain size, the thermal conductivity is drastically decrease of due to the phonon scattering at the grain boundaries. With the aim of reducing this effect, a second study was initiated by introducing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the SiC matrix. The MWCNTs by exhibiting a high toughness could also help to enhance the mechanical properties. Green bodies with different amounts of well dispersed MWCNTs (0%wt to 5%wt) were realized. Like free carbon, MWCNTs are located between the grains and induce a reduction of grain size. However the appearance of CNTs percolation for an amount above 1%wt, with the SPS sintering technique, allows an improvement of densification up to 97%. Hardness (up to 2550 Hv) and fracture toughness (4.0 MPa.m1/2) are also achieved with the SiC/NTC composites. Despite the good thermal properties of MWCNTs, the increase of grain boundary decreases the thermal conductivity of these composites
Laouati, Atmane. "Modélisation de problèmes thermoélectriques non linéaires dans un milieu fissuré par la méthode XFEM." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30001/30001.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is the development of a numerical tool, using the XFEM approach, for the simulation of transient nonlinear thermoelectrical problems in fractured media in two dimensions, taking into account thermal and electrical exchanges between the crack’s lips. Numerical simulations of crack propagation are of great interest for many industrial sectors (aluminum production, aerospace, nuclear, etc.). In addition, this is a numerically complex problem. The classical finite element method has important constraints of mesh refinement at the crack tip, remeshing during crack propagation and field projections, which has the effect of increasing the computation time and degrading the accuracy. On the other hand, the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM), has received a growing success for the treatment of the problems containing cracks in the last fifteen years. It allows using a mesh that does not conform to the geometry of the crack; this is possible by the enrichment of the finite element approximation. In this thesis, we are interested in extending application field of the XFEM method to the nonlinear thermoelectrical problems with cracks. Indeed, the transient thermal problem is coupled to the electrical problem by the heat generation in the solid, and the heat generation at the crack’s lips due to the interface resistance. The heat and electrical exchanges between the crack’s lips are also considered, and depend, respectively, on the temperature and the voltage jump at the crack. Due to the heat generation in the solid and in crack’s lips (Joule effect), and the temperature dependence of the physical parameters of the material, the problem is nonlinear and fully coupled. The discretized nonlinear system by the XFEM method is solved using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The robustness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through the simulation of different examples, and the results shows an excellent agreement with the analytical solution, or with the finite element solution using a refined mesh.
Touchaleaume, François. "Elaboration de nanocomposites à matrice polypropylène chargée d'argile native." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10177.
Full textThis work focuses on polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites based on pristine montmorillonite (NaMMT). The elaboration strategy involves the use of a polar polymer based masterbatch to disperse NaMMT in the PP matrix. Water assisted extrusion is used to finely disperse the native montmorillonite in the polar host polymer.In the first part, the dispersion of modified and pristine montmorillonite in polyamide 6 (PA6) using water assisted extrusion is presented. The morphological analysis of the PA6 nanocomposites and its outcome on the thermomechanical properties were studied. PA6 masterbatches were then elaborated using water assisted extrusion and dispersed in PP to obtain nanocomposites blends. Their morphologies are detailed, in relation with the processing conditions, and the related mechanical properties.In the second part, polyether-block-amide (PEBA) was used as host polymer to disperse modified and native montmorillonite. Their dispersion is obtained thanks to the water assisted extrusion process. The morphological analysis and its influence onto the thermomechanical properties and on the deformation mechanisms were studied. PEBA masterbatch were then prepared using water assisted extrusion and dispersed into PP to obtain nanocomposites blends. The study of their morphologies is presented, related to the extrusion conditions, and the corresponding macroscopic performances.Finally, the comparison of the results obtained in the case of PA6 and PEBA nanocomposites blends is discussed to evidence the influence of components rheology and polarity as well as the processing conditions onto the macroscopic behaviors of the materials
Benseddiq, Noureddine. "Optimisation des garnitures composites pour freins à disques ferroviaires." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10076.
Full textCouture, Adrien. "Automatisation de la modélisation numérique des microstructures de matériaux hétérogènes basée sur une intégration CAO-calcul." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS543.
Full textNumerical simulation of heterogeneous materials is of great interest to the scientific community since it is an attractive and economical solution to the problem of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials. Heterogeneous materials behavior is difficult to predict even when the constituents properties are known and their shape and position well defined. This difficulty is related to the physical phenomena that occur at the constituents scale. They originate from the constituents interaction and the way they are assembled together. Numerical modeling of heterogeneous materials can simulate samples of the material to be studied. These samples are the Statistical Volume Elements (SVE) and represent a portion of the material microstructure. To obtain a statistical representation of the thermomechanical behavior, it is usually necessary to generate many SVE. This thesis objective is to propose a new automated approach to numerical modeling of microstructures based on the integration of Computer Aided Design (CAD) methods, automatic mesh generation methods and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method. This approach is proposed in the context of heterogeneous particulate materials but can be applied to all types of microstructures. The potential of the CAD-FEA integrated approach is illustrated with a comparative study of the influence of the constituents shape and the mesh degree on the apparent thermomechanical properties of a glass / epoxy composite. An innovative method for generating microstructures with high volume fractions of slender particles is introduced. This new method is used to simulate the behavior of a hemp and cement composite and the numerical results are confronted with the experimental results
Bosq, Nicolas. "Nanocomposites à matrice polymère : influence de silices nanostructurées sur la cristallisation, la transition vitreuse et les propriétés thermomécaniques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932853.
Full textMarzagui, Hicham. "Étude de deux bétons réfractaires silico-alumineux : microstructure et comportement thermomécaniques en traction et en flexion." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30016.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the behaviour of two high alumina refractory castables: a bauxite-based ultra low and an andalousite-based low cement content. The microstructure evolutions during the first heating were studied by dilatometry, X ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy at high temperature. A particular interest was carried to the roles of aggregates in the damage mechanisms generated by the first thermal cycle. The study of the mechanical behaviour was carried out by uniaxial tensile and four points bending tests. The two materials have shown different evolutions of their mechanical properties. The establishment of relationships between microstructures and mechanical behaviours allows to obtain a better understanding of the specificities of these materials and of their behaviour evolutions
Su, Yishi. "Modélisation analytique et numérique de structure des mousses métalliques MPPCs et du comportement mécanique." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0018.
Full textThe main objective of this work is analytical and numerical modeling of the static, dynamic and thermal mechanical properties of the innovative materials (metal foam and composites MPPCs). Initially, the negative pressure infiltration technique is applied to manufacture the open-cell aluminum foams and the composites MPPCs. Considering the open-cell arrangements, three analytical models are proposed at the microscopic level to predict and optimize the porosity of the materials. The microstructures are experimentally analyzed to study the mechanical behavior of the composites MPPC. Secondly, we proposed a constitutive model of stress-strain in the case of uniaxial static compression of metal foam. This model is utilized with the finite element to numerically simulate the compressive behavior. Afterwards, the model is once again used in the case of dynamic low-velocity impact of metal foam. These models are verified by the experimental tests. Finally, we study the thermomechanical behavior of the composites MPPCs with the micro-structures of spherical and Kelvin cells. The numerical simulations of thermomechanical properties are carried out with the program ABAQUS
Bahloul, Ouziyine. "Evolutions en fonction de la température de propriétés élastiques de bétons réfractaires à base de carbure de silicium." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cb05da59-6efa-42c4-8dbf-ceda841d169d/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4025.pdf.
Full textThe thesis work was part of the framework of the National Research Program (DRuIDe), and was carried out on two types of silicon carbide refractory castable containing SiC (B-SF60, B-CV85) with a low content of cement. Detailed studies of the evolution of the thermomechanical properties in oxidizing and neutral atmospheres on these refractories and their associated matrices have been carried out in order to identify the microstructural transformations. At room temperature after preliminary treatments at 110, 600, 800, 1000, 1200°C the refractories present a brittle linear elastic behaviour when subjected to uniaxial load with a higher value of Young’s modulus for B-CV85 in relationship with the content of SiC. The stress-strain behaviour laws at high temperature (800°C-1200°C) become elasto-visco-plastic in close relations to the viscosity of a vitreous phase witch is formed. A detailed study of the behaviour with oxidation of these aggregates (SIC) has established correlations between the advance of oxidation and the volume expansions observed in these concretes
Lestrade, Laurent. "Etude de la fusion superficielle au four solaire de barrières thermiques ZrO2-Y2O3 projetées par plasma." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0241.
Full textMaquin, François. "MÉTHODOLOGIE EXPÉRIMENTALE D'ÉTUDE DU COMPORTEMENT THERMO-MÉCANIQUE DES MATÉRIAUX SOUS SOLLICITATIONS CYCLIQUES." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351687.
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