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Krivovichev, Gerasim V., and Sergey A. Mikheev. "On the Stability of Multi-Step Finite-Difference-Based Lattice Boltzmann Schemes." International Journal of Computational Methods 16, no. 01 (2018): 1850087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500871.
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Stability of finite-difference-based off-lattice Boltzmann schemes is analyzed. The time derivative in system of discrete Boltzmann equations is approximated by two-step modified central difference. Advective term is approximated by finite differences from first- to fourth-orders of accuracy. Characteristics-based (CB) schemes and schemes with traditional separate approximations of space derivatives are considered. A special class of high-order CB schemes with approximation in the internal nodes of grid patterns is constructed. It is demonstrated that apparent viscosity for the schemes of high-order is equal to kinematic viscosity of the system of Bhatnaghar–Gross–Krook kinetic equations. Stability of the schemes is analyzed by the von Neumann method for the cases of two flow regimes in unbounded domain. Stability is analyzed by the investigation of the stability domains in parameter space. The area of the domain is considered as the main numerical characteristic of the stability. As the main result of the analysis, it must be mentioned that the areas of CB schemes are greater than areas for the schemes with separate approximations.
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Bishop, J. P. "Biopsychosociospiritual Medicine and Other Political Schemes." Christian Bioethics 15, no. 3 (2009): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cb/cbp017.
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Ramakrishna, Elluru, Jayakrishna Gadhamappagari, and Peddakotla Sujatha. "Auto tuning of PI Gains using Cuttlefish Optimization for DC Link Voltage Control in a 5-level HB MMC D-STATCOM." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 6 (2023): 12086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6413.
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The performance of a Half Bridge (HB) Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for D-STATCOM application is studied in this article. For the control of MMC switches, the Carrier-Based (CB) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) scheme has been selected as the appropriate method. There are two types of CB PWM schemes such as phase shift and level shift. Phase Disposition (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), and Alternate Phase Opposite Disposition (APOD) are the three different types of PWM that are used in level shifts. The PD CB PWM is projected in this work due to its simplicity and accuracy. The conventional PI Controller (PIC) has its disadvantages, including that it is time-consuming and comes with complexity in the estimation of gain values. Hence, the Cuttlefish Optimization Scheme (COS) is proposed for the online tuning of the PI gain values. The verification of performance parameters, including active power, reactive power, DC voltage balance, and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), is effectively conducted using the COS method and subsequently compared with the conventional PIC. The suggested research is executed using the Matlab/Simulink software package.
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Olson, Jacob E., Adam S. Braegelman, Lei Zou, Matthew J. Webber, and Jon P. Camden. "Capture of Phenylalanine and Phenylalanine-Terminated Peptides Using a Supramolecular Macrocycle for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection." Applied Spectroscopy 74, no. 11 (2020): 1374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702820937333.
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The cucurbit[n]uril (CB[ n]) family of macrocycles are known to bind a variety of small molecules with high affinity. These motifs thus have promise in an ever-growing list of trace detection methods. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection schemes employing CB[ n] motifs exhibit increased sensitivity due to selective concentration of the analyte at the nanoparticle surface, coupled with the ability of CB[ n] to facilitate the formation of well-defined electromagnetic hot spots. Herein, we report a CB[7] SERS assay for quantification of phenylalanine (Phe) and further demonstrate its utility for detecting peptides with an N-terminal Phe. The CB[7]–guest interaction improves the sensitivity 5–25-fold over direct detection of Phe using citrate-capped silver nanoparticle aggregates, enabling use of a portable Raman system. We further illustrate detection of insulin via binding of CB[7] to the N-terminal Phe residue on its B-chain, suggesting a general strategy for detecting Phe-terminated peptides of clinically relevant biomolecules.
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Nollet, Scott, and Enrico Schlesinger. "Hilbert Schemes of Degree Four Curves." Compositio Mathematica 139, no. 2 (2003): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:comp.0000005083.20724.cb.
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Ćirić, Zoran, and Mihajlo Ristić. "Deklaracija o usaglašenosti sistema pobude sinhronih mašina." Zbornik radova, Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla 33, no. 33 (2023): 33–48. https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint33-48333.
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U radu je izložen sveobuhvatan složeni model za Deklaraciju o usaglašenosti sistema pobude. Dati su potrebni projekti za ocenu usaglašenosti, standardizaciju, akreditaciju i metrologiju. Navedeni su neki moduli ispitivanja i usaglašenosti. Prezentiran je deo ispitivanja po CB šemi niskonaponskih rasklopnih blokova za sistem pobude Tesla ES 7000A koja je po važećim standardima, a za naznačene struje do 7000 A. Dat je i deo ispitivanja po CB šemi elektromagnetske kompatabilnosti za regulator pobude Tesla ES. Prikazana je Deklaracija o usaglašenosti sistema pobude Tesla ES 1600.
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Attia, Hussain, Hang Seng Che, Tan Kheng Suan Freddy, and Ahmad Elkhateb. "Bipolar and unipolar schemes for confined band variable switching frequency PWM based inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (2021): 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3763-3771.
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The single phase inverter performance through the unipolar and bipolar strategies has been previously analyzed based on the constant switching frequency pulse width modulation (CSFPWM). However, the confined band variable switching frequency PWM (CB-VSFPWM) is currently proposed as a new variable switching frequency PWM technique through unipolar strategy to facilitate the design of high order filter, to reduce the switching losses, and to reduce the current total harmonics distortion (THD) as well. To evaluate the performance of a single phase inverter based on the CBVSFPWM through bipolar strategy, this paper presents a comparative study of the CB-VSFPWM based inverter performance using the unipolar PWM and the bipolar PWM strategies. The study adopts MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the inverter and to analyze the simulation results in terms of harmonics spectrum, total harmonic distortion (THD), and fundamental components. The analysis of the study results gives an indication about the appropriate type of CB-VSFPWM strategy (unipolar PWM or bipolar PWM) to guarantee the desired performance of the connected inverter in terms of the electrical grid standards like THD, and harmonics spectrum of the inverter current.
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Hussain, Attia, Seng Che Hang, Kheng Suan Freddy Tan, and Elkhateb Ahmad. "Bipolar and unipolar schemes for confined band variable switching frequency PWM based inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (2021): 3763–71. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3763-3771.
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The single phase inverter performance through the unipolar and bipolar strategies has been previously analyzed based on the constant switching frequency pulse width modulation (CSFPWM). However, the confined band variable switching frequency PWM (CB-VSFPWM) is currently proposed as a new variable switching frequency PWM technique through unipolar strategy to facilitate the design of high order filter, to reduce the switching losses, and to reduce the current total harmonics distortion (THD) as well. To evaluate the performance of a single phase inverter based on the CBVSFPWM through bipolar strategy, this paper presents a comparative study of the CB-VSFPWM based inverter performance using the unipolar PWM and the bipolar PWM strategies. The study adopts MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the inverter and to analyze the simulation results in terms of harmonics spectrum, total harmonic distortion (THD), and fundamental components. The analysis of the study results gives an indication about the appropriate type of CB-VSFPWM strategy (unipolar PWM or bipolar PWM) to guarantee the desired performance of the connected inverter in terms of the electrical grid standards like THD, and harmonics spectrum of the inverter current.
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Han, Chen, Li, Zhang, and Sun. "Customized Bus Network Design Based on Individual Reservation Demands." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195535.
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With the advantages of congestion alleviation, environmental friendliness, as well as a better travel experience, the customized bus (CB) system to reduce individual motorized travel is highly popular in increasing numbers of cities in China. The line planning problem is a key aspect of the CB system. This paper presents a detailed flow chart of a CB network planning methodology, including individual reservation travel demand data processing, CB line origin–destination (OD) area division considering quantity constraints of demand in areas and distance constraints based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), an initial set of CB lines generating quantity constraints of the demand on each line and line length constraints, and line selection model building, striking a balance between operator interests, social benefits, and passengers’ interests. Finally, the impacts of the CB vehicle type, the fixed operation cost of online car-hailing (OCH), and the weights of each itemized cost are discussed. Serval operating schemes for the Beijing CB network were created. The results show that the combination of CB vehicles with 49 seats and 18 seats is the most cost-effective and that CBs with low capacity are more cost-effective than those with larger capacity. People receive the best service when decision-makers pay more attention to environmental pollution and congestion issues. The CB network’s service acceptance rate and the spatial coverage increase with the fixed operating cost per OCH vehicle per day c0C. The CB vehicle use decreases as c0C ccincreases. The results of this study can provide technical support for CB operators who design CB networks.
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Alhumyani, Hesham, Ghada M. El-Banby, Hala S. El-Sayed, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie, and Osama S. Faragallah. "Efficient Generation of Cancelable Face Templates Based on Quantum Image Hilbert Permutation." Electronics 11, no. 7 (2022): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071040.
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The pivotal need to identify people requires efficient and robust schemes to guarantee high levels of personal information security. This paper introduces an encryption algorithm to generate cancelable face templates based on quantum image Hilbert permutation. The objective is to provide sufficient distortion of human facial biometrics to be stored in a database for authentication requirements through encryption. The strength of the proposed Cancelable Biometric (CB) scheme is guaranteed through the ability to generate cancelable face templates by performing the scrambling operation of the face biometrics after addition of a noise mask with a pre-specified variance and an initial seed. Generating the cancelable templates depends on a strategy with three basic steps: Initialization, Odd module, and Even module. Notably, the proposed scheme achieves high recognition rates based on the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AROC) curve, with a value up to 99.51%. Furthermore, comparisons with the state-of-the-art schemes for cancelable face recognition are performed to validate the proposed scheme.
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Könözsy, László, and Dimitris Drikakis. "A Unified Fractional-Step, Artificial Compressibility and Pressure-Projection Formulation for Solving the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations." Communications in Computational Physics 16, no. 5 (2014): 1135–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.240713.080514a.
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AbstractThis paper introduces a unified concept and algorithm for the fractional-step (FS), artificial compressibility (AC) and pressure-projection (PP) methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The proposed FSAC-PP approach falls into the group of pseudo-time splitting high-resolution methods incorporating the characteristics-based (CB) Godunov-type treatment of convective terms with PP methods. Due to the fact that the CB Godunov-type methods are applicable directly to the hyperbolic AC formulation and not to the elliptical FS-PP (split) methods, thus the straightforward coupling of CB Godunov-type schemes with PP methods is not possible. Therefore, the proposed FSAC-PP approach unifies the fully-explicit AC and semi-implicit FS-PP methods of Chorin including a PP step in the dual-time stepping procedure to a) overcome the numerical stiffness of the classical AC approach at (very) low and moderate Reynolds numbers, b) incorporate the accuracy and convergence properties of CB Godunov-type schemes with PP methods, and c) further improve the stability and efficiency of the AC method for steady and unsteady flow problems. The FSAC-PPmethod has also been coupled with a non-linear, full-multigrid and fullapproximation storage (FMG-FAS) technique to further increase the efficiency of the solution. For validating the proposed FSAC-PP method, computational examples are presented for benchmark problems. The overall results show that the unified FSAC-PP approach is an efficient algorithm for solving incompressible flow problems.
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Dougill, Andrew J., Lindsay C. Stringer, Julia Leventon, et al. "Lessons from community-based payment for ecosystem service schemes: from forests to rangelands." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1606 (2012): 3178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0418.
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Climate finance investments and international policy are driving new community-based projects incorporating payments for ecosystem services (PES) to simultaneously store carbon and generate livelihood benefits. Most community-based PES (CB-PES) research focuses on forest areas. Rangelands, which store globally significant quantities of carbon and support many of the world's poor, have seen little CB-PES research attention, despite benefitting from several decades of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) projects. Lessons from CBNRM suggest institutional considerations are vital in underpinning the design and implementation of successful community projects. This study uses documentary analysis to explore the institutional characteristics of three African community-based forest projects that seek to deliver carbon-storage and poverty-reduction benefits. Strong existing local institutions, clear land tenure, community control over land management decision-making and up-front, flexible payment schemes are found to be vital. Additionally, we undertake a global review of rangeland CBNRM literature and identify that alongside the lessons learned from forest projects, rangeland CB-PES project design requires specific consideration of project boundaries, benefit distribution, capacity building for community monitoring of carbon storage together with awareness-raising using decision-support tools to display the benefits of carbon-friendly land management. We highlight that institutional analyses must be undertaken alongside improved scientific studies of the carbon cycle to enable links to payment schemes, and for them to contribute to poverty alleviation in rangelands.
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Hanna, Vanessa, and Pierre Devolder. "Optimal Choice between Defined Contribution and Cash Balance Pension Schemes: Balancing Interests of Employers and Workers." Risks 11, no. 7 (2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks11070135.
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In the context of pension plans, the employer and the worker have distinct interests and face different risks. The worker seeks higher retirement benefits, while the employer aims to minimize the cost of fulfilling his obligations. To address these diverse needs, the defined contribution plan managed with participating life insurance (DC-PL) and the cash balance plan managed with unit-linked insurance (CB-UL) serve as suitable choices. The multi-criteria analysis is conducted using the cumulative prospect theory model to measure the utility of the parties involved toward a mixed product combining these two pension plans. By assigning weights to risk measures and maximizing utilities, the paper employs both additive utility and Nash equilibrium approaches. The results reveal that the CB-UL plan aligns with employers’ interests, offering potential financial gains, while the DC-PL plan attracts workers due to its profit-sharing aspect. Significantly, when equal importance is given to both parties, the CB-UL plan emerges as the prevailing choice. This study contributes to the understanding of pension plan design and decision-making dynamics between employers and workers, providing valuable insights for achieving a balance between retirement benefits and cost management.
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J, Onah A., and Ezema E. E. "Circuit Breaker Performance Analysis." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (2020): 1185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug735.
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The problem of circuit breaking becomes complicated when voltages and currents in the range of kilovolt and kiloampere are involved. Circuit breaker (CB) is used in performing switching operations, and is a switch that can open live circuits. Circuit breakers are especially important in protective schemes where they have to interrupt fault currents, and isolate faulty section of the network. When the circuit breaker opens under fault condition many thousands of amperes pass through the contacts and the extinction of the arc and hence effective opening of the contacts of the CB are major engineering problems. When a circuit breaker opens, a high-frequency voltage, superimposed on the normal system voltage appears across the CB contacts. This voltage is known as transient recovery voltage (TRV) or restriking voltage, constituting a switching surge. Restriking delays arc quenching, and so it is detrimental to the circuit breaker as well as the entire system, since fault clearing may be delayed. This paper shows how resistance switching can be used to damp this surge and enable the CB to open before the magnitude of the voltage across the CB contacts reaches peak level, to prevent possible restriking of the arc.
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van Grevenhof, Elizabeth M., Jérémie Vandenplas, and Mario P. L. Calus. "Genomic prediction for crossbred performance using metafounders1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 2 (2018): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky433.
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Abstract Future genomic evaluation models to be used routinely in breeding programs for pigs and poultry need to be able to optimally use information of crossbred (CB) animals to predict breeding values for CB performance of purebred (PB) selection candidates. Important challenges in the commonly used single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) model are the definition of relationships between the different line compositions and the definition of the base generation per line. The use of metafounders (MFs) in ssGBLUP has been proposed to overcome these issues. When relationships between lines are known to be different from 0, the use of MFs generalizes the concept of genetic groups relying on the genotype data. Our objective was to investigate the effect of using MFs in genomic prediction for CB performance on estimated variance components, and accuracy and bias of GEBV. This was studied using stochastic simulation to generate data representing a three-way crossbreeding scheme in pigs, with the parental lines being either closely related or unrelated. Results show that using MFs, the variance components should be scaled appropriately, especially when basing them on estimates obtained with, for example a pedigree-based model. The accuracies of GEBV that were obtained using MFs were similar to accuracies without using MFs, regardless whether the lines involved in the CB were closely related or unrelated. The use of MFs resulted in a model that had similar or somewhat better convergence properties compared to other models. We recommend the use of MFs in ssGBLUP for genomic evaluations in crossbreeding schemes.
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Galloway, Kevin S., Eric W. Justh, and P. S. Krishnaprasad. "Symmetry and reduction in collectives: low-dimensional cyclic pursuit." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2194 (2016): 20160465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0465.
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We investigate low-dimensional examples of cyclic pursuit in a collective, wherein each agent employs a constant bearing (CB) steering law relative to exactly one other agent. For the case of three agents in the plane, we characterize relative equilibria and pure shape equilibria of associated closed-loop dynamics. Re-scaling time yields a reduction of phase space to two dimensions and effective tools for stability analysis. Study of bifurcation of a family of collinear equilibria dependent on a single CB control parameter reveals the presence of a rich collection of trajectories that are periodic in shape and undergo precession in physical space. For collectives in three dimensions, with an appropriate notion of CB pursuit strategy and corresponding steering law, the two-agent case proves to be explicitly integrable. These results suggest control schemes for small teams of mobile robotic agents engaged in area coverage tasks such as search and rescue, and raise interesting possibilities for behaviour in biological contexts.
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Kuchar, Martin, Petr Palacky, Petr Simonik, and Jan Strossa. "Self-Tuning Observer for Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control of Induction Motor Drive." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092564.
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This paper introduces a new solution for the speed and current sensor fault-tolerant direct field-oriented control of induction motor drives. Two self-adjusting observers derived from a modified current-based model reference adaptive system (CB-MRAS) are presented. Finally, the recursive least squares method was used to estimate the parameters of the used observers. The method, in the proposed solution, provides a very fast and accurate finding of the observer parameters while maintaining relative simplicity and ease of implementation. The presented algorithm eliminates the CB-MRAS observer dependence on the induction motor parameters and also compensates for the inaccuracies in the evaluation of the stator voltage vector. The proposed fault-tolerant control offers the drive operation while either a speed sensor or one/two current sensors fault occurs. The drive still works with the direct field-oriented control even when no current sensors are healthy. The proposed scheme was simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment. Then the algorithm was implemented in a floating-point digital signal controller (DSC) TMS320F28335 and tested on an induction motor drive prototype of rated power of 2.2 kW to validate the proposed schemes.
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Petrović, Ivica, Hrvoje Glavaš, Robert Noskov, and Damir Blažević. "Real-Time Circuit Breaker Availability Assessment in the Transmission Network." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (2021): 9635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209635.
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Circuit breakers (CBs) in the transmission network are the basic elements for energy flow control. CB diagnosis represents a decisive action for increasing power system reliability and safety. Their actual availability status and ability to perform major functions can sometimes be difficult to determine. This paper presents a general state estimation model based on fuzzy logic (FL), membership function (MF), and expert knowledge for diagnosis schemes to handle unclear information in the diagnosis procedure. The proposed model uses inputs from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, data on the position and state of the switch, changes in current in the network element CB (NECB), start or trip action of a protection relay on the NECB, and alarm status of the CB. For the diagnostic system input variables, data from the SCADA system, along with transformer and line protection devices, are used to allow the proper formation of rules and ultimately to determine the diagnostic status of the CB. The proposed method is tested on an authentic test power system, and the outcome results are compared with a previously reported technique. The obtained test results and the comparison prove the efficiency, authenticity, and fast operation feature of the suggested strategy.
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Huang, Jiaying, Yawen Shi, and Fahui Wu. "Tradeoff of Computation Bits and Computing Speed in an Edge Computing System for Sensor Networks." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5775953.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled mobile-edge computing (MEC) has been recognized as a promising approach for providing enhanced coverage and computation capability to Internet of Things (IoT), especially in the scenario with limited or without infrastructure. In this paper, we consider the UAV assisted partial computation offloading mode MEC system, where ground sensor users are served by a moving UAV equipped with computing server. Computation bits (CB) and computation efficiency (CE) are two vital metrics describe the computation performance of system. To reveal the CB-CE tradeoff, an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the weighted sum of the above two metrics, by optimizing the UAV trajectory jointly with communication resource, as well as the computation resource. As the formulated problem is non-convex, it is difficult to be optimally solved in general. To tackle this issue, we decouple it into two sub-problems: UAV trajectory optimization and resource allocation optimization. We propose an iterative algorithm to solve the two sub-problems by Dinkelbach’s method, Lagrange duality and successive convex approximation technique. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed resource allocation optimization scheme can achieve better computational performance than the other schemes. Moreover, the proposed alternative algorithm can converge with a few iterations.
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Mariani, Mariagiulia, François Casabianca, Claire Cerdan, and Iuri Peri. "Protecting Food Cultural Biodiversity: From Theory to Practice. Challenging the Geographical Indications and the Slow Food Models." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095265.
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A global expansion in public and private initiatives seeks to strengthen the link between traditional products and sustainable development by creating a niche in the market for these products. Relevant examples are the Geographical Indications and the Slow Food Presidia models. This paper compares both types of Origin Food Schemes (OFS) to disclose the main commonalities and differences in their institutionalization, and their complex outcomes on cultural biodiversity (CB), which is a major concern for the sustainability of rural communities. We used underpinning knowledge dynamics as an analytical lens through the cross-comparison of ethnographic findings collected in four case studies of origin cheeses located in France, Italy and Morocco. Our findings suggest that OFS have high potential to defend CB because of their collective and context-dependent approaches. We argue that knowledge and practices mobilized in OFS are the result of power relations and confrontations among local actors, and show how four identified tensions between different forms and types of knowledge differently shape food culture, food technique, perceptions, and representations. In conclusion, the institutional approaches, practices and knowledge dynamics compared in this analysis show six effective ways to link OFS and CB, facilitating the trajectory toward sustainable development.
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Godinho, Rodrigo M., Rob Bergsma, Fabyano F. Silva, et al. "Genetic correlations between growth performance and carcass traits of purebred and crossbred pigs raised in tropical and temperate climates1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 9 (2019): 3648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz229.
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Abstract In pig breeding, selection commonly takes place in purebred (PB) pigs raised mainly in temperate climates (TEMP) under optimal environmental conditions in nucleus farms. However, pork production typically makes use of crossbred (CB) animals raised in nonstandardized commercial farms, which are located not only in TEMP regions but also in tropical and subtropical regions (TROP). Besides the differences in the genetic background of PB and CB, differences in climate conditions, and differences between nucleus and commercial farms can lower the genetic correlation between the performance of PB in the TEMP (PBTEMP) and CB in the TROP (CBTROP). Genetic correlations (rg) between the performance of PB and CB growing-finishing pigs in TROP and TEMP environments have not been reported yet, due to the scarcity of data in both CB and TROP. Therefore, the present study aimed 1) to verify the presence of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) and 2) to estimate the rg for carcass and growth performance traits when PB and 3-way CB pigs are raised in 2 different climatic environments (TROP and TEMP). Phenotypic records of 217,332 PB and 195,978 CB, representing 2 climatic environments: TROP (Brazil) and TEMP (Canada, France, and the Netherlands) were available for this study. The PB population consisted of 2 sire lines, and the CB population consisted of terminal 3-way cross progeny generated by crossing sires from one of the PB sire lines with commercially available 2-way maternal sow crosses. G × E appears to be present for average daily gain, protein deposition, and muscle depth given the rg estimates between PB in both environments (0.64 to 0.79). With the presence of G × E, phenotypes should be collected in TROP when the objective is to improve the performance of CB in the TROP. Also, based on the rg estimates between PBTEMP and CBTROP (0.22 to 0.25), and on the expected responses to selection, selecting based only on the performance of PBTEMP would give limited genetic progress in the CBTROP. The rg estimates between PBTROP and CBTROP are high (0.80 to 0.99), suggesting that combined crossbred–purebred selection schemes would probably not be necessary to increase genetic progress in CBTROP. However, the calculated responses to selection show that when the objective is the improvement of CBTROP, direct selection based on the performance of CBTROP has the potential to lead to the higher genetic progress compared with indirect selection on the performance of PBTROP.
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Oran, Betul, Michelle Dolan, Linan Ma, Claudio Brunstein, Erica Warlick, and Daniel J. Weisdorf. "Monosomal Karyotype Provides Better Prognostic Prediction After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in AML Patients." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.525.525.
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Abstract Abstract 525 BACKGROUND: We studied cytogenetic risk grouping schemes to stratify AML patients into prognostically distinct subgroups for relapse free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent their first HSCT with a matched related donor (MRD) or cord blood (CB) at the University of Minnesota for AML in remission between January 1995 and December 2007. Patients were divided according to cytogenetic abnormalities based on the MRC, SWOG, CALGB, Dana-Farber (DF) and recently described monosomal karyotype (MK) classification schemes and study group was stratified based on first complete remission (CR1) and beyond (CR2+) at HSCT. Cox regression analysis evaluated the prognostic factors on OS and RFS. RESULTS: 212 patients were analyzed with a median age 45 years (range 18-68); 27 had evolved from MDS. Disease status was, CR1 (n=134) and CR2+ (n=78). Donors were MRD (n=105) and CB (n=107). Conditioning intensity was myeloablative (MA, n=118) and non-myeloablative (NMA, n=94). Cytogenetic classification based on MRC, SWOG, CALGB and DF was concordant in 131 patients (62%). Ten (5%), 89 (42%) and 32 (15%) patients were in favorable, intermediate/standard and adverse/unfavorable groups in all 4 classification schemes. Fifty-five patients (26%) were classified as unfavorable/adverse in one scheme and standard/intermediate in another. Sixteen patients (7%) were classified as unknown significance and 10 (5%) were excluded in at least one classification scheme. Eighteen of 23 MK+ patients (78%) and 14 of 78 MK-patients (18%) were classified as adverse/unfavorable in all other schemes. The remaining 5 MK+ (22%) and 64 MK- patients (82%) were classified inconsistently in the other schemes. Five year probabilities were: OS 37 % (95% CI % 29%-45%), RFS 54% (95% CI 45%-64%). Six mo and 2 year cumulative incidence of transplant related mortality were 21% (95% CI 16%-27%) and 29% (95% CI 23%-35%). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, conditioning intensity, disease status at HSCT, donor type and CMV status, only MK+ was associated with lower RFS in CR1 patients (HR=4.1, p=0.05). Cytogenetic classifications by the other 4 schemes were not predictive of RFS (SWOG HR=1.34 p=0.23, MRC HR=1.47, p=0.14, CALGB HR=1.43 p=0.15, DF HR=1.43 p=0.16). Median time to relapse was 6.1 mo for MK+ vs. 75.8 mo for MK- vs not reached for normal karyotype (NK) (Figure 1). In CR1, no covariates were associated with OS. In CR2+ patients, MK and CALGB predicted OS. MK+ (HR=2.93, p=0.04), MK- (HR=2.05, p=0.06) and NMA conditioning (HR=3.3, p=0.01) were associated with lower OS. All MK+ patients died within 3 years. CALGB adverse karyotype (HR=2.95, p=0.01) and NMA conditioning (HR=3.1, p=0.01) also associated with lower OS. All 5 classification schemes could predict RFS in CR2+. However, only MK could identify a very poor prognostic group, MK+ (HR=5.9, p<0.01, median RFS 2.5 mo) vs. a poor prognostic group, MK- (HR=2.0, p=0.06, median RFS 16.3 mo) (Figure 2). CONCLUSION: HSCT in CR1 overcomes the poor prognosis associated with higher risk cytogenetic abnormalities. The MK classification can best identify a very poor prognostic group. In CR2+, HSCT particularly with NMA conditioning may not overcome the poor prognosis from cytogenetic subgroups. Among all classification schemes, MK can best predict outcome in CR1 and CR2+ patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Xue, Shimin, Chaochao Chen, Yi Jin, Yongli Li, Botong Li, and Ying Wang. "Protection for DC Distribution System with Distributed Generator." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/241070.
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DC distribution system has advantages of high power quality, large transmission capacity, high reliability, simple structure, economy and low energy consumption, and so forth. It has been a key part of smart grid nowadays. However, the development of DC distribution system is constrained by the lack of operational experience in DC system, the small interrupting capacity of DC circuit breaker (CB), and the lack of protection schemes for system itself. In this paper, protection for DC distribution system with distributed generator (DG) is fully investigated and verified. Firstly, the electromagnetic transient model of DC distribution system with DG is presented. Simulation based on the electromagnetic transient model is carried out. Both the step response and the steady-state performance verify the accuracy of the model. Then the fault characteristic mechanism is analyzed, and the protection principles and scheme are investigated in detail, including voltage mutation principle as protection starting component, differential current protection principle for DC bus, and two-section current protection for distribution lines. Finally, transient responses with protection scheme are analyzed during faults. The results present that the protection principles and scheme are feasible for DC distribution system with DG.
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Ullah, Insaf, Abdullah Alomari, Noor Ul Amin, Muhammad Asghar Khan, and Hizbullah Khattak. "An Energy Efficient and Formally Secured Certificate-Based Signcryption for Wireless Body Area Networks with the Internet of Things." Electronics 8, no. 10 (2019): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101171.
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Recently, the spectacular innovations in the fields of wireless body area networks (WBAN) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have made e-Care services rise as a promising application domain, which significantly advances the quality of the medical system, however, due to the openness of the wireless environment and privacy of people’s physiological data, WBAN and IoT are prone to various cyber-attacks. There is a significant need for an efficient and highly secured cryptographic scheme that can meet the requirements of resource-constrained devices. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a certificate-based signcryption (CB-SN) scheme for the IoT-enabled WBAN. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of hyper-elliptic curve cryptography (HECC) that offers the same level of security as the elliptic curve and bilinear pairing with lower-key size. The formal security verification using the Automated Validation of the Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool along with informal security analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme is not just reducing the complexity of resource-constrained IoT devices, but proves to be secure against several well-known cryptographic attacks. Moreover, performance comparison with relevant existing schemes authenticates that the proposed scheme is far more secure and energy efficient.
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Bao, Xuecai, Hao Liang, and Longzhe Han. "Transmission Optimization of Social and Physical Sensor Nodes via Collaborative Beamforming in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems." Sensors 18, no. 12 (2018): 4300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124300.
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The recently emerging cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) can enable efficient interactions between the social world and cyber-physical system (CPS). The wireless sensor network (WSN) with physical and social sensor nodes plays an important role in CPSS. The integration of the social sensors and physical sensors in CPSS provides an advantage for smart services in different application areas. However, the dynamics of social mobility for social sensors pose new challenges for implementing the coordination of transmission. Furthermore, the integration of social and physical sensors also faces the challenges in term of improving energy efficiency and increasing transmission range. To solve these problems, we integrate the model of social dynamics with collaborative beamforming (CB) technique to formulate the transmission optimization problem as a dynamic game. A novel transmission scheme based on reinforcement learning is proposed to solve the formulated problem. The corresponding implementation of the proposed transmission scheme in CPSS is presented by the design of message exchange processes. The extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed transmission scheme presents lower interference to noise ratio (INR) and better signal to noise ratio (SNR) performance in comparison with the existing schemes. The results also indicate that the proposed method has effective adaptation to the dynamic mobility of social sensor nodes in CPSS.
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Hassan, Junaid, Danish Shehzad, Insaf Ullah, et al. "A Lightweight Proxy Re-Encryption Approach with Certificate-Based and Incremental Cryptography for Fog-Enabled E-Healthcare." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (November 19, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9363824.
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Cloud computing aims to provide reliable, customized, and quality of service (QoS) guaranteed dynamic computing environments for end-users. However, there are applications such as e-health and emergency response monitoring that require quick response and low latency. Delays caused by transferring data over the cloud can seriously affect the performance and reliability of real-time applications. Before outsourcing e-health care data to the cloud, the user needs to perform encryption on these sensitive data to ensure its confidentiality. Conventionally, any modification to the user data requires encrypting the entire data and calculating the hash of the data from scratch. This data modification mechanism increases communication and computation costs over the cloud. The distributed environment of fog computing is used to overcome the limitations of cloud computing. This paper proposed a certificate-based incremental proxy re-encryption scheme (CB-PReS) for e-health data sharing in fog computing. The proposed scheme improves the file modification operations, i.e., updation, deletion, and insertion. The proposed scheme is tested on the iFogSim simulator. The iFogSim simulator facilitates the development of models for fog and IoT environments, and it also measures the impact of resource management techniques regarding network congestion and latency. Experiments depict that the proposed scheme is better than the existing schemes based on expensive bilinear pairing and elliptic curve techniques. The proposed scheme shows significant improvement in key generation and file modification time.
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Li, Bo, and Juan Chen. "Barriers to Community-Based Primary Health Care Delivery in Urban China: A Systematic Mapping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912701.
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Providing access to a range of basic health services, community-based primary health care (CB-PHC) plays a vital role in achieving the goal of health for all. Driven by a strong political commitment, China’s CB-PHC progress in the past decade has been swift and impressive. However, a well-functioning delivery system for care has yet to be established. This systematic mapping review synthesizes selected evidence on barriers to CB-PHC delivery in urban China and draws lessons for policy development. We performed searches on five electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and included studies published between 2012 and 2021. The Downs and Black and Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklists were used to assess the quality of eligible papers. We conducted our searches and syntheses following the framework set out in the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI). We synthesized the results of the included studies using a thematic narrative approach and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Six salient barriers arose from our syntheses of 67 papers: lack of comprehensive health insurance schemes, lack of public awareness, superficial care relationships, gaps in communication, staff shortages and poor training, and second-rate equipment. These barriers are grouped into three subdomains following the PHCPI framework: access, people-centered care, and organization and management. A host of negative impacts of these barriers on community-based health care were also identified. It was not possible to determine clear causes of these barriers from the contributing evidence because of the lack of conceptual frameworks and research methods constraints. Non-eastern regions of China and access-related barriers require further exploration. It follows that, at the national level, the problems are likely more severe than the research suggests.
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Ali, Hatem, David Briggs, Bernard Burke, and Nithya Krishnan. "416.3: Are HLA-A,B,DR and DQ-Mismatching Important for the Kidney Allocation Schemes?-UK Registry Data- an Artificial Intelligence Approach." Transplantation 106, no. 9S (2022): S432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000887780.75702.cb.
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Adhami, Ebrahim, Hamid Reza Memarian, Farzad Rassaei, et al. "Relationship between phosphorus fractions and properties of highly calcareous soils." Soil Research 45, no. 4 (2007): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06118.
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Inorganic phosphorus (P) sequential fractionation schemes are applicable techniques to interpret soil P status. The present study was initiated to determine the origin of various P fractions in highly calcareous soils. Inorganic P forms were determined by a sequential fractionation procedure extracting with NaOH (NaOH-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate (CB-P), Na citrate 2 times (C1-P and C2-P), Na citrate-ascorbate (CAs-P), Na citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD-P), Na acetate (NaAc-P), and HCl (HCl-P). Results showed that NaOH-P was negatively correlated with active iron oxides. CB-P was positively correlated with silt content and negatively related to citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extractable Fe (Fed). This result illustrates the weathering effect on Ca-P, with Ca-P content declining as a consequence of weathering. A negative correlation was observed between C1-P and citrate ascorbate extractable Fe (FeCAs). Second citrate extractable P (C2-P) was negatively related to calcium carbonate equivalent and positively related to hydroxylamine-hydrochloride and neutral ammonium acetate-hydroquinone extractable Mn (Mnh and Mnq). Fine silt (Fsilt) was the most influential factor affecting CAs-P. It seemed citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate extractable Al (Ald), Mnh, and Mnq have been sinks for CBD-P, while free iron oxide compounds (Feo, Fec, and FeCAs) were a major contributing factor for the formation of NaAc-P. Stable P compounds (HCl-P) of highly calcareous soils originated from coarse silt (Csilt) and hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extractable Mn (Mnh).
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Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud, Shashank Kumar Ranu, and Patrick Dreher. "Estimating Coherent Contributions to the Error Profile Using Cycle Error Reconstruction." Quantum 8 (June 13, 2024): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-06-13-1367.
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Mitigation and calibration schemes are central to maximize the computational reach of today's Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware, but these schemes are often specialized to exclusively address either coherent or decoherent error sources. Quantifying the two types of errors hence constitutes a desirable feature when it comes to benchmarking error suppression tools. In this paper, we present a scalable and cycle-centric methodology for obtaining a detailed estimate of the coherent contribution to the error profile of a hard computing cycle. The protocol that we suggest is based on Cycle Error Reconstruction (CER), also known as K-body Noise Reconstruction (KNR). This protocol is similar to Cycle Benchmarking (CB) in that it provides a cycle-centric diagnostic based on Pauli fidelity estimation \cite{erhard2019characterizing}. We introduce an additional hyper-parameter in CER by allowing the hard cycles to be folded multiple times before being subject to Pauli twirling. Performing CER for different values of our added hyper-parameter allows estimating the coherent error contributions through a generalization of the fidelity decay formula. We confirm the accuracy of our method through numerical simulations on a quantum simulator, and perform proof-of-concept experiments on three IBM chips, namely ibmq_guadalupe, ibmq_manila, and ibmq_montreal. In all three experiments, we measure substantial coherent errors biased in Z.
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Pengpan, T., and C. Daengngam. "Parabolic band approximation of the electron energy levels in a tetrahedral-shaped quantum dot." Canadian Journal of Physics 86, no. 11 (2008): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p08-093.
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In more elaborate schemes, an electron’s effective mass in a heterostructure semiconductor quantum dot (QD) depends on both its position and its energy. However, the electron’s effective mass can be simply modeled by a parabolic band approximation — the electron’s effective mass inside the QD — which is assumed to be constant and differs from the one outside the QD, which is also assumed to be constant. The governing equation to be solved for the electron’s energy levels inside the QD is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. With the approximation, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for a tetrahedral-shaped QD is discretized by using the finite-volume method. The discretized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is solved for the electron energy levels by a computer program. It is noted that the resulting energy levels for the parabolic mass model are nondegenerate due to the mass-gradient term at the corners, edges, and surfaces of the tetrahedral-shaped QD.PACS Nos.: 02.60.Cb, 03.65.Ge, 81.07.Ta
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Khademhosseini, Vahideh, Daryoosh Dideban, Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi, and Hadi Heidari. "Schemes for Single Electron Transistor Based on Double Quantum Dot Islands Utilizing a Graphene Nanoscroll, Carbon Nanotube and Fullerene." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2022): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010301.
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The single electron transistor (SET) is a nanoscale switching device with a simple equivalent circuit. It can work very fast as it is based on the tunneling of single electrons. Its nanostructure contains a quantum dot island whose material impacts on the device operation. Carbon allotropes such as fullerene (C60), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoscrolls (GNSs) can be utilized as the quantum dot island in SETs. In this study, multiple quantum dot islands such as GNS-CNT and GNS-C60 are utilized in SET devices. The currents of two counterpart devices are modeled and analyzed. The impacts of important parameters such as temperature and applied gate voltage on the current of two SETs are investigated using proposed mathematical models. Moreover, the impacts of CNT length, fullerene diameter, GNS length, and GNS spiral length and number of turns on the SET’s current are explored. Additionally, the Coulomb blockade ranges (CB) of the two SETs are compared. The results reveal that the GNS-CNT SET has a lower Coulomb blockade range and a higher current than the GNS-C60 SET. Their charge stability diagrams indicate that the GNS-CNT SET has smaller Coulomb diamond areas, zero-current regions, and zero-conductance regions than the GNS-C60 SET.
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Meloche, Julien, Alexandre Langlois, Nick Rutter, et al. "Characterizing tundra snow sub-pixel variability to improve brightness temperature estimation in satellite SWE retrievals." Cryosphere 16, no. 1 (2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-87-2022.
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Abstract. Topography and vegetation play a major role in sub-pixel variability of Arctic snowpack properties but are not considered in current passive microwave (PMW) satellite SWE retrievals. Simulation of sub-pixel variability of snow properties is also problematic when downscaling snow and climate models. In this study, we simplified observed variability of snowpack properties (depth, density, microstructure) in a two-layer model with mean values and distributions of two multi-year tundra dataset so they could be incorporated in SWE retrieval schemes. Spatial variation of snow depth was parameterized by a log-normal distribution with mean (μsd) values and coefficients of variation (CVsd). Snow depth variability (CVsd) was found to increase as a function of the area measured by a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS). Distributions of snow specific surface area (SSA) and density were found for the wind slab (WS) and depth hoar (DH) layers. The mean depth hoar fraction (DHF) was found to be higher in Trail Valley Creek (TVC) than in Cambridge Bay (CB), where TVC is at a lower latitude with a subarctic shrub tundra compared to CB, which is a graminoid tundra. DHFs were fitted with a Gaussian process and predicted from snow depth. Simulations of brightness temperatures using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model incorporating snow depth and DHF variation were evaluated with measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) sensor. Variation in snow depth (CVsd) is proposed as an effective parameter to account for sub-pixel variability in PMW emission, improving simulation by 8 K. SMRT simulations using a CVsd of 0.9 best matched CVsd observations from spatial datasets for areas > 3 km2, which is comparable to the 3.125 km pixel size of the Equal-Area Scalable Earth (EASE)-Grid 2.0 enhanced resolution at 37 GHz.
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Pavani, Sreekireddy*1 &. T. Kishen Kumar Reddy1&2. "NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF METAL FOAM FOR SCRAMJET APPLICATION." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (2018): 413–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1173538.
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Hydrocarbon fuel has been widely used in air breathing scramjets and liquid rocket engines as coolant and propellant. However, high heat flux area in scramjet needs active panel cooling with enhanced heat transfer to protect the panel from high temperature. In the present study different candidate high temperature materials and porous medium combinations are investigated for their thermal performance to effectively protect the panel from high heat flux. 3D numerical simulation is carried out to study different schemes of heat transfer enhancement based on type of channel material and porous media in a tube. Both porous medium cases and non porous medium cases are analyzed and compared. The porous medium in the channel decreased the temperature gradient of the fuel across the channel. The porous medium increased the heat transfer coefficient in the channel. Results the heat absorption of the fuel is increased. The results show that heat transfer in the nb-cb 752 with porous medium enhanced at least 4.5 times with the current configuration compared to the clear tube
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Kharusi, Khalfan Al, Abdelsalam El Haffar, and Mostefa Mesbah. "Adaptive Machine-Learning-Based Transmission Line Fault Detection and Classification Connected to Inverter-Based Generators." Energies 16, no. 15 (2023): 5775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155775.
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Adaptive protection schemes have been developed to address the problem of behavior-changing power systems integrated with inverter-based generation (IBG). This paper proposes a machine-learning-based fault detection and classification technique using a setting-group-based adaptation approach. Multigroup settings were designed depending on the types of power generation (synchronous generator, PV plant, and type-3 wind farm) connected to a transmission line in the 39-Bus New England System. For each system topology, an optimized pretrained ensemble tree classifier was used. The adaptation process has two phases: an offline learning phase to tune the classifiers and select the optimum subset of features, and an online phase where the circuit breaker (CB) status and the active output power of the generators are continuously monitored to identify the current system topology and to select the appropriate setting group. The proposed system achieved an average accuracy of 99.4%, a 99.5% average precision, a 99.9% average specificity, and a 99.4% average sensitivity of classification. The robustness analysis was conducted by applying several fault scenarios not considered during training, which include different transmission network configurations and different penetration levels of IBGs. The case of incorrect selection of the appropriate setting group resulting from selecting the wrong topology is also considered. It was noticed that the performance of developed classifiers deteriorates when the transmission network is reconfigured and the incorrect setting group is selected.
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Bolaños, Jorge. "Bases fisiológicas del progreso genético en cultivares del Programa Regional de Maíz (PRM)." Agronomía Mesoamericana 5 (June 15, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v5i0.25055.
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The germplasm development has been one of the most outstanding achievements of the PRM (Regional Corn Program). The objective of this test was to understand the physiological basis of genetic gain in the most important corn cultivars from the PRM, by determining the parameters of important physiological, phenological and morphological standards on the elabora-tion of yields. Nine cultivars (5 hybrids and 4 open-pollinated ed varieties OPV's) were evaluated in a Complete Ran-domized block design with 3 replications across 11 diverse environments of the region. The hybrids consistently Clot yielded the OPV' s by 1.0-1.5 t/ha across all the environments. The basis for such differences seemed to rely on the higher daily ear growth-rate of the hybrids (2.7 g/day) than of the OPV's (2.3 g/day). The final yield of each cultivar is the product ofthis efficiency by the grain-filling days. Differences in yield among hybrids and OPV's, as germp1asm groups, depended on the duration of grain-filling and not on the growth-rate of ears. The CB- HS7 and HB-85 hybrids took 6 more days of grain-filling than P- 8916 and H-5. The Sint. Sequia, within the OPV' s, last 3 more days of grain-filling than the others. A large negative relationship was detected between grain-filling lenght and maturity, suggesting that the earlier the genotype, lesser time is invested in producing leaves and more in grain-filling. Consistent with this data, hybrids have a higher harvest index than OPV's. It also suggest that an effective mechanism to increase yield is to extend the grain-filling periodo Current breeding schemes should consider these selec-tion criteria.
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Liu, D. S., and Y. W. Chen. "Application of Craig-Bampton Reduction Technique and 2D Dynamic Infinite Element Modeling Approach to Membrane Vibration Problems." Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 4 (2018): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2018.45.
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ABSTRACTAn approach is presented for solving membrane vibration problems using an integrated scheme consisting of the Craig-Bampton (CB) reduction technique and a 2D dynamic infinite element modeling (DIEM) method. In the proposed CB-DIEM scheme, the substructure domain is partitioned into multiple layers of geometrically-similar infinite elements (IEs) which use only the data of the boundary nodes. A convergence criterion based on the first invariant of the DIEM mass matrix is used to determine the optimal parameters of the CB-DIEM scheme, namely the proportionality ratio and number of layers in the DIEM partitioning process and the number of retained frequency modes in the CB reduction method. Furthermore, in implementing the CB method, the inversion of the global stiffness matrix is calculated using only the stiffness matrix of the first element layer. Having reduced the DIEM model, a coupled DIE-FE algorithm is employed to model the dynamic problems of the full structure, which removes the respective methods disadvantages while keeping their advantages. The validity and performance of the proposed CB-DIEM method are investigated by means of three illustrative problems.
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Nor, Ahmed M., Octavian Fratu, and Simona Halunga. "Fingerprint Based Codebook for RIS Passive Beamforming Training." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (2023): 6809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116809.
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In this article, we propose a new RIS passive beamforming scheme in two main stages. First, a fingerprint-based codebook (FP-CB) design phase occurs, where the area of interest is divided into a number of points and the optimal reflection patterns (RPs) corresponding to these points are determined and stored alongside the coordinates of these points in the codebook database (DB). Second, there is the searching and learning online stage, in which, based on the receiver (RX) and FP points’ locations, the system determines a group of candidate RPs. Then, it just searches through them instead of examining the entire CB RPs to select the best RP that can be used for configuring RIS during the data transmission period. The proposed mechanism proves that designing a positioning information-based CB can highly reduce the system overhead computational complexity and enhance performance comparable to the conventional CB-based scheme and the full channel estimation (CE)-based scheme. For example, selecting only 10 candidate RPs from the FP-CB can obtain a better effective achievable rate than a CE-based scheme in a rapidly changing channel.
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Jin, Kiwoong, Ho Choi, and Yoshiaki Nakano. "Experimental Study on Lateral Strength Evaluation of Unreinforced Masonry-Infilled RC Frame." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (2016): 1725–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/100714eqs152m.
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In this study, RC frames with unreinforced masonry (URM) infill for typical school buildings in Korea are experimentally investigated to evaluate their seismic performance. For this purpose, one-bay, one-fourth scale specimens, with unreinforced concrete block (CB) infill having different boundary conditions due to beam rigidity, are tested under in-plane cyclic loading, using a distinctive measurement scheme consisting of three-axis strain gauges attached to all CB units. In this paper, the diagonal strut mechanism of CB infill including its main strut angle, average compressive strain, and equivalent strut width is discussed using principal compressive strains on CB units. The lateral strength carried by CB infill and RC frame from the overall response of the specimens is also explained, based on the compressive stress acting on the infill and the curvature distribution along RC members during the test.
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Merk, D., and T. Zinner. "Detection of convective initiation using Meteosat SEVIRI: implementation in and verification with the tracking and nowcasting algorithm Cb-TRAM." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 8 (2013): 1903–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1903-2013.
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Abstract. In this paper a new detection scheme for convective initiation (CI) under day and night conditions is presented. The new algorithm combines the strengths of two existing methods for detecting CI with geostationary satellite data. It uses the channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). For the new algorithm five infrared (IR) criteria from the Satellite Convection Analysis and Tracking algorithm (SATCAST) and one high-resolution visible channel (HRV) criteria from Cb-TRAM were adapted. This set of criteria aims to identify the typical development of quickly developing convective cells in an early stage. The different criteria include time trends of the 10.8 IR channel, and IR channel differences, as well as their time trends. To provide the trend fields an optical-flow-based method is used: the pyramidal matching algorithm, which is part of Cb-TRAM. The new detection scheme is implemented in Cb-TRAM, and is verified for seven days which comprise different weather situations in central Europe. Contrasted with the original early-stage detection scheme of Cb-TRAM, skill scores are provided. From the comparison against detections of later thunderstorm stages, which are also provided by Cb-TRAM, a decrease in false prior warnings (false alarm ratio) from 91 to 81% is presented, an increase of the critical success index from 7.4 to 12.7%, and a decrease of the BIAS from 320 to 146% for normal scan mode. Similar trends are found for rapid scan mode. Most obvious is the decline of false alarms found for the synoptic class "cold air" masses.
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Merk, D., and T. Zinner. "Detection of convective initiation using Meteosat SEVIRI: implementation in and verification with the tracking and nowcasting algorithm Cb-TRAM." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 1 (2013): 1771–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-1771-2013.
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Abstract. In this paper a new detection scheme for Convective Initation (CI) under day and night conditions is presented. The new algorithm combines the strengths of two existing methods for detecting Convective Initation with geostationary satellite data and uses the channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). For the new algorithm five infrared criteria from the Satellite Convection Analysis and Tracking algorithm (SATCAST) and one High Resolution Visible channel (HRV) criteria from Cb-TRAM were adapted. This set of criteria aims for identifying the typical development of quickly developing convective cells in an early stage. The different criteria include timetrends of the 10.8 IR channel and IR channel differences as well as their timetrends. To provide the trend fields an optical flow based method is used, the Pyramidal Matching algorithm which is part of Cb-TRAM. The new detection scheme is implemented in Cb-TRAM and is verified for seven days which comprise different weather situations in Central Europe. Contrasted with the original early stage detection scheme of Cb-TRAM skill scores are provided. From the comparison against detections of later thunderstorm stages, which are also provided by Cb-TRAM, a decrease in false prior warnings (false alarm ratio) from 91 to 81% is presented, an increase of the critical success index from 7.4 to 12.7%, and a decrease of the BIAS from 320 to 146% for normal scan mode. Similar trends are found for rapid scan mode. Most obvious is the decline of false alarms found for synoptic conditions with upper cold air masses triggering convection.
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See, Garrett, Benny E. Mote, and Matthew L. Spangler. "39 Impact of inclusion rates of crossbred phenotypes and genotypes in nucleus selection programs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.015.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate different inclusion rates of purebred (PB) and CB phenotypes and genotypes in genetic evaluations. Assuming PB and CB traits with moderate heritabilities (h2 = 0.4), a three-way swine crossbreeding scheme was simulated, and selection was practiced for 6 generations. The goal was to increase the CB phenotype. Phenotypes, genotypes and pedigrees for three purebred breeds (each consisting of 25 males and 175 females), F1 crosses (400 females) and terminal cross progeny (2500) were simulated using AlphaSimR. The genome consisted of 18 chromosomes with 1,800 QTL and 59.4k SNP markers. Selection was performed using EBV produced by the BLUPf90 suite of programs for each phenotyping/genotyping strategy. Strategies investigated were 1) increasing the proportion of CB with genotypes, phenotypes and sire pedigree information, 2) decreasing the proportion of PB phenotypes and genotypes, and 3) altering the genetic correlation between PB and CB traits (rpc). Each strategy was replicated 15 times. Results showed that including CB performance improved the CB phenotype regardless of rpc or phenotyping/genotyping strategy. Compared to using only PB information, including 10% of possible CB animals per generation with sire pedigrees and phenotypes increased the response in CB phenotype when rpc was 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 by 192, 64, 41, 25 and 21%, respectively. Including CB genotypes dramatically improved the previously mentioned increases in response. Minimal change was observed in the CB phenotype when PB phenotypes were included or removed, if CB phenotypes, genotypes and sire pedigrees were included. PB genotypes were more informative than phenotypes in enabling prediction for CB traits. In practice, the inclusion rates of CB and PB data depends upon the degree of connectedness between CB animals and PB selection candidates and the cost-benefit ratio of increased CB performance and genotyping/phenotyping costs.
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Maina, Robert Macharia, Philip Kibet Langat, and Peter Kamita Kihato. "Design and Analysis of a Multiple and Wide Nulling Collaborative Beamforming Scheme in the Domain of 3-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (December 6, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5046074.
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Null steering is essential in collaborative beamforming (CB) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to ensure minimal radiation power and interference in the direction of unintended receivers. Current research in null steering in CB in WSNs is mainly from the perspective of planar arrangements of sensor nodes and sink(s). Furthermore, there is no research dedicated to the formation of multiple wide nulls during CB in 3-dimension WSNs. Wide nulls are ideal in scenarios featuring mobile unintended sink(s). A new multiple and wide null steering scheme applicable to CB in WSNs is presented in this work (from the perspective of a 3-dimensional random arrangement of static sensor nodes). It is assumed that desired nulling directions are implicitly known at a CB cluster head. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm variant is applied in concurrent node transmit amplitude and phase perturbation with an aim of achieving beam steering alongside multiple and wide null steering. The performance of the proposed null steering scheme is validated against a basic null steering approach (with reference to current literature). Furthermore, a comparative null depth, width, and nulling accuracy analysis are done upon varying the count of collaborating nodes and the collaborating cluster radius. An increase in the number of collaborating nodes is found to increase nulling depth at an exponentially decaying rate. An increase in the collaborating nodes’ cluster radius yields a reduction in null width. The contributions of this work to the existing literature are as follows: (i) the design and investigation of a null steering scheme from the perspective of a 3-dimension random arrangement of sensor nodes; (ii) the design of a concurrent beam steering and multiple wide null steering scheme on the basis of concurrent node transmit amplitude and phase perturbation whilst ensuring null depth uniformity; (iii) a statistical analysis of the impact of a count of collaborating nodes and collaborating cluster radius on nulling performance; (iv) investigation of capacity improvement at unintended receivers upon null steering.
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MKRTCHYAN, A. R., A. H. MKRTCHYAN, H. A. ASLANYAN, et al. "MODIFIED SCHEME OF CRYSTALLINE UNDULATOR." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 29 (2010): 2861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910025140.
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The new scheme of crystalline undulator based on coherent bremsstrahlung from above barrier relativistic electrons interacting with a system of atomic strings periodically deformed by acoustic wave is proposed and studied in the work. The possibility to generate X-rays in the range of about 10 keV and more by electrons with energies of about 100 MeV is shown. Spectral-angular density of the emission being considered may be six times greater than ordinary CB.
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Ćirić, Zoran, and Mihajlo Ristić. "Declaration of conformity of excitation system of synchronous machines." Zbornik radova Elektrotehnicki institut Nikola Tesla, no. 33 (2023): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zeint33-48333.
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The paper presents a comprehensive complex model for the Declaration of Conformity of the Excitation System. The necessary projects for conformity assessment, standardization, accreditation and metrology are given. Some testing and compliance modules are listed. A part of the test according to the CB scheme of Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies for the excitation system Tesla ES 7000A is presented, which is according to valid standards, and for nominal currents up to 7000 A. A part of the test according to the CB scheme of electromagnetic compatibility for the Tesla ES excitation regulator is presented. The Declaration of Conformity of the Tesla ES 1600 excitation system is presented.
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Verma, Girraj Kumar, B. B. Singh, Neeraj Kumar, and Debiao He. "CB-PS: An Efficient Short-Certificate-Based Proxy Signature Scheme for UAVs." IEEE Systems Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2921798.
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Ayeche, Farid, Adel Alti, and Bilal Benmessahel. "WH-SVD-Cb: A Robust Blind Watermarking Scheme Using Wavelet Transform and Hessenberg SVD with Arnold Chaotic Map in the Cb Channel." Traitement du Signal 42, no. 2 (2025): 617–33. https://doi.org/10.18280/ts.420203.
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Vasyuk, V. L., V. V. Protsiuk, Y. M. Vasilchishin, and S. V. Vasiuk. "POLARIZATION TOMOGRAPHY METHODS TO DIFFERENTIATE ASEPTIC AND SEPTIC LOOSENING AFTER TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT." Problems of traumatology and osteosynthesis, no. 1(19) (December 10, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51309/2411-6858-2020-19-1-33-46.
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Abstract. This article contains: • Structural-logical scheme and analytical description of the differential diagnosis for aseptic and septic loosening after total hip replacement using the methods of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of circular birefringence (CB) distributions of polycrystalline synovial fluid (SF) films. • Statistical analysis of the distributions of CB in polycrystalline SF films obtained from patients in the control group and groups with different hip joint pathology. • Results of establishing the strength of the differential Mueller-matrix mapping method of the distributions of CB polycrystalline films of SF by means of information analysis based on sensitivity determination, specificity and accuracy of the polarization tomography technique. • Clinical example of using polarization tomography methods to differentiate aseptic and septic cup loosening after total hip replacement
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Ushenko, Alexander G., and Olexander Olar. "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ASEPTIC AND SEPTIC LOOSENING OF THE CUP OF THE ENDOPROSTHESIS OF THE ARTIFICIAL HIP JOINT BY THE METHODS OF POLARISATION TOMOGRAPHY." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 9, no. 3 (2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.237.
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Manuscript contains structural-logical scheme and analytical description of the differential diagnosis of aseptic and septic loosening of the artificial hip joint endoprosthesis using the methods of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of circular birefringence (CB) distributions of polycrystalline synovial films (SF) and results of determining the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the wavelet analysis method of differential Mueller-matrix mapping of the distributions of the CB values of polycrystalline films SF patients from the control group and groups with different severity of the hip joint pathology.
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Tong, Bing Bing, Gui Bin Zou, and Ming Lei Shi. "A Distributed Protection and Control Scheme for Distribution Network with DG." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.628.
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High penetration level of distributed generation (DG) connected to distribution network makes the protection and control in the traditional distribution network face great difficulties, so this paper proposed a protection and control technology based on advanced feeder terminal unit (AFTU). According to DGs capability and load, the scheme divides the distribution network into several zones in advance, each of which can operate in island mode. Circuit breakers (CB) together with AFTU are installed at the beginning of feeder, the border of two zones and the point of DG connection. AFTUs interconnect with each other through the fiber optic network. AFTU detects the local electrical quantities in real-time and exchanges information with others through the fiber optic network. It can locate the faulted zone quickly to achieve fault isolation and island operation according to local and neighboring information. The reclosing of CB and the control of reconnection of DG are also designed. The case analysis illustrates the feasibility of the proposed distributed protection and control scheme.