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Journal articles on the topic 'Charities, canada'
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Hubbard, Ruth E., Eamonn M. P. Eeles, Sherri Fay, and Kenneth Rockwood. "Attitudes to aging: a comparison of obituaries in Canada and the U.K." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 4 (August 2009): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161020999041x.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Populations worldwide are aging and the overall prevalence of dementia at death is now 30%. Since the contemporary social impact of a disease is indicated by the frequency of its newspaper coverage and since obituary notices illuminate conceptions of death, we hypothesized that obituary notices placed by families would reflect societal attitudes to aging and dementia.Methods: We undertook critical discourse analysis of obituaries in representative national and local newspapers in Canada and the U.K.Results: In the 799 obituaries studied, chronological age, suggested donations in memory of the deceased, and donations to dementia charities were each included in significantly more obituaries in Canadian newspapers than in U.K. ones. Military service was explicit for significantly more men aged ≥ 80 years in Canada compared to the U.K. (41% versus 4%; p < 0.05). Of the donations to medical charities, nearly half (n = 117) were to cancer charities and one-fifth (54) to heart and stroke foundations. In the U.K., obituaries for those aged ≥ 70 years were more likely to recommend donations to children's charities (n = 12) or the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (8) than dementia charities (7).Conclusions: Donations to dementia charities were significantly more common in obituaries in Canada than in the U.K. In both countries, donations to medical charities did not reflect disease prevalence or impact to the individual. Societal attitudes in the U.K. may be impacted by the fragmentation of aging research and antipathy to geriatric medicine in the national medical press.
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Deans, Tom, and Alan Ware. "Charity-State Relations: A Conceptual Analysis." Journal of Public Policy 6, no. 2 (April 1986): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00006450.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the issues and the problems confronted by those conducting comparative research of charity-state relations in England, Canada and the United States. It also provides an explanation of why the interaction between charities and the state is important for political science: in part this is because in all three countries charities have become increasingly dependent on government for their income. In section I, the article examines the relationship between the concepts of a third sector, voluntary sector, non-profit sector and charity and concludes that the last might be the most appropriate to employ in comparative analysis. In section 2, the authors argue that in both England and Canada the state is formally responsible for the formation of certain kinds of charities; they also argue that in the United States a stricter separation between state and charity exists but that, in practice, the boundaries between charities and the state and the market are not clear ones.
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Bray, Garth M., and Deanna L. Huggett. "Neurological Diseases, Disorders and Injuries in Canada: Highlights of a National Study." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 1 (January 2016): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.312.
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AbstractThe National Population Health Study of Neurological Conditions, a partnership between Neurological Health Charities Canada and the Government of Canada, was the largest study of neurological diseases, disorders, and injuries ever conducted in Canada. Undertaken between 2009 and 2013, the expansive program of research addressed the epidemiology, impacts, health services, and risk factors of 18 neurological conditions and estimated the health outcomes and costs of these conditions in Canada through 2031. This review summarizes highlights from the component projects of the study as presented in the synthesis report, Mapping Connections: An Understanding of Neurological Conditions in Canada. The key findings included new prevalence and incidence estimates, documentation of the diverse and often debilitating effects of neurological conditions, and identification of the utilization, economic costs, and current limitations of related health services. The study findings will support health charities, governments, and other stakeholders to reduce the impact of neurological conditions in Canada.
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Scott, Elizabeth A. "‘The Ill-name of the Old Country’: London’s Assisted Emigrants, British Unemployment Policy, and Canadian Immigration Restriction, 1905-1910." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 26, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037231ar.
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Between 1906 and 1910, Canada passed two increasingly restrictive Immigration Acts to, among other reasons, reduce charitable assisted emigration from London. These acts were passed in response to Britain’s Unemployed Workmen Act in 1905, which contained an emigration clause designed to move London’s unemployed to Canada. Canada deemed these emigrants to be unsuitable largely because they hailed from the impoverished East End of London. Emigration charities felt an imperial betrayal in the wake of the restrictions. Although an exception allowed for a limited degree of charitable emigration to continue, assisted English emigrants were now unreservedly lumped together with other undesirables in the British World. Despite Canadian displeasure, charities continued to send London’s unemployed to Canada until World War I. A more direct relationship between British unemployment policy and Canadian immigration policy is emphasized, opening a space wherein to examine transnational and imperial legal tensions in the early twentieth century British World. This space reveals a nexus of poverty, migration, and restriction that pitted Britain’s needs against Canada’s; it also complicates the concept of loyal nations belonging to a cooperative British World, becoming particularly relevant to the evolution of restrictive Canadian attitudes towards British immigrants after 1905.
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Akpinar, Ilke, Dat T. Tran, and Philip Jacobs. "Publicly funded clinical research in Canada." Healthcare Management Forum 32, no. 6 (July 2, 2019): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470419827320.
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Clinical research is funded by industry, governments, charities, and hospitals. It is important to know the economic commitment of the various funding bodies, but until now there has been no national source available which provides these data. We surveyed the major funders to provide such a measure. There is evidence that government and charity funding of medical research is a trigger for private sector research investment; therefore, tracking all sources of funding for clinical research will provide policy-makers with an overall picture of health research funding. These data support policy decision-making related to clinical research in Canada.
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Bedford, Kate D. "Regulating Volunteering: Lessons from the Bingo Halls." Law & Social Inquiry 40, no. 02 (2015): 461–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12100.
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This article uses charitable bingo to explore the sociolegal regulation of volunteers. Using case studies of two provincial bingo revitalization initiatives in Canada, I explore how charities and government officials manage the tension between regulating and incentivizing volunteers. I show that bingo revitalization plans in Alberta and Ontario increased surveillance of nonregularized workers and failed to protect charity service users from unpaid labor requirements. Moreover, revitalization initiatives reframe the volunteer role to focus on customer service and explaining how charities benefit the community. The potential for bingo volunteering to promote spaces of mutual aid with players will thus likely decline. I suggest that the allied power of charity and state over unpaid workers is increasing, giving charities better‐protected interests in volunteer labor and changing the tasks that volunteers do. The need for more research exploring the interests of volunteers as regulatory stakeholders in their own right is thus pressing.
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Yhnell, Emma, Hazel A. Smith, Kay Walker, and Claire L. Whitehouse. "#WhyWeDoResearch: Raising research awareness and opportunities for patients, public and staff through Twitter." Research for All 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/rfa.03.1.02.
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The #WhyWeDoResearch campaign was set up in 2014 and was originally planned to run locally, in Norfolk, at the James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (JPUH) for 12 days in December. Within four days, the campaign was being utilized nationally by other trusts and charities. By the New Year of 2015 it became international and had reached Australia and Canada. The intended audience for the campaign is broad and includes: patients, the general public, all staff working in health care and/or research including (but not limited to) National Health Service (NHS), commercial companies, charities and schools. The campaign has become a community where patients, staff and public alike can share their voices about health research on an equal playing field. Each year, to coincide with International Clinical Trials Day (ICTD) on 20 May, a #WhyWeDoResearch 'Tweetfest' is hosted. This includes a number of 'tweetchats' at set times throughout the Tweetfest. Tweetchats are hosted by experts in particular diseases or other areas. Patients and patient groups are included in this group of experts. This article uses the #WhyWeDoResearch campaign annual Tweetfest to demonstrate how social media can be utilized to raise awareness of health research around the world.
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Phillips, Susan D. "Shining Light on Charities or Looking in the Wrong Place? Regulation-by-Transparency in Canada." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 24, no. 3 (May 16, 2013): 881–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9374-5.
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Mamuji, Aaida, and Bilel Kchouk. "Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media." Revue Gouvernance 14, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 46–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044935ar.
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When Canada launches a Matching Fund in response to natural disasters abroad, the federal government commits to match dollar-for-dollar donations made by the Canadian public to eligible charities participating in disaster-relief efforts. In this study, we used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze Canadian news coverage in response to these humanitarian crises. We found that there was variance in media coverage depending on the nature of the natural disasters, namely whether the disasters were sudden-onset or slow-onset. Sudden-onset disasters not only benefited from more television airtime and print media, the content of coverage was characteristically different than slow-onset disasters.
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Liverant, Bettina. "The Incorporation of Philanthropy: Negotiating Tensions Between Capitalism and Altruism in Twentieth Century Canada." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2010): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039787ar.
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Abstract Exploring the intersection points of institutionalized philanthropy and the Canadian corporation in periods of rising capital concentration, this paper demonstrates how changes in business approaches to charitable donation mirror larger transformations in corporate capitalism and organization, and the subsequent migration of these structures and mentalities to the charitable sector. In the first phase, at the turn of the last century, philanthropic practices came to be structured along corporate/professional models, with a new insistence that charities be well managed, fiscally responsible, and scientific in approach. In the postwar period, the expansion of corporate power was accompanied by the incorporation of philanthropic norms within capitalism. During this period, the logic of investment intensified and became increasingly explicit. Programs of donations were developed strategically for their potential to benefit business as well as the community. Corporate philanthropy evolved from a discretionary to an expected practice, offering visible testimony of business commitment to social responsibility.
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Farah, Eliya, Rami Ali, Parker Tope, Mariam El-Zein, and Eduardo Franco. "A Review of Canadian Cancer-Related Clinical Practice Guidelines and Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Current Oncology 28, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 1020–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28020100.
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(1) Background: Preventive measures taken in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have adversely affected an entire range of cancer-related medical activities. The reallocation of medical resources, staff, and ambulatory services, as well as critical shortages in pharmaceutical and medical supplies have compelled healthcare professionals to prioritize patients with cancer to treatment and screening services based on a set of classification criteria in cancer-related guidelines. Cancer patients themselves have been affected on multiple levels, and addressing their concerns poses another challenge to the oncology community. (2) Methods: We conducted a Canada-wide search of cancer-related clinical practice guidelines on the management and prioritization of individuals into treatment and screening services. We also outlined the resources provided by Canadian cancer charities and patient advocacy groups to provide cancer patients, or potential cancer patients, with useful information and valuable support resources. (3) Results: The identified provincial guidelines emphasized cancer care (i.e., treatment) more than cancer control (i.e., screening). For cancer-related resources, a clear significance was placed on knowledge & awareness and supportive resources, mainly relating to mental health. (4) Conclusion: We provided a guidance document outlining cancer-related guidelines and resources that are available to healthcare providers and patients across Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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MacLennan, Anne. "Charity and Change: Montreal English Protestant Charity Faces the Crisis of Depression." Articles 16, no. 1 (August 19, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017942ar.
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The depression of the 1930s forced private and public charities across Canada to adapt to new circumstances. The crisis was particularly acute for the Montreal Council of Social Agencies, a minority English Protestant organization in a city reluctant to accept any responsibility for public services. The Council was forced to assume the burden of relief services for its community. The abrupt and long term disruptions in the operations of the Council caused by the Depression forced it to reevaluate and reassess its role in social services. Consequently, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies tried to compel municipal, provincial and federal governments to play larger roles in welfare work to relieve immediate and future problems. Most importantly, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies was guided through the 1930s by the principles of the Charity Organization Society, which were retained and reinforced rather than weakened by this crisis.
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Naraine, Michael L., Jess C. Dixon, and Candice Horton. "New to the Board: A Case Study of Canadian Tire Corporation and the Potential Purchase of the Forzani Group Limited." Case Studies in Sport Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2015-0025.
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This case study explores the potential purchase of the Forzani Group Limited by the Canadian Tire Corporation. Students take on the role of Sara Brown, a new member of Canadian Tire’s board of directors. With an emergency meeting scheduled for the following morning to decide the fate of the proposed acquisition, Brown has been called upon to provide input to the board given her aptitude for corporate acquisitions and mergers. The case profiles both companies and details the state of the retail sport industry in Canada. Notably, there is emphasis on company product offerings (e.g., merchandise), financials (e.g., balance sheets), and goodwill (e.g., charities) to provide students with pertinent information to develop their argument(s) for and/or against the acquisition. Primary learning objectives include engaging in environmental scanning exercises (e.g., SWOT analyses) and evaluating market forces present in the retail sporting goods industry.
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Sullivan, Mary Pat. "“BUT WE ARE NOT POWERLESS AGAINST THIS PROBLEM”: OLDER PEOPLE, LONELINESS AND THE MEDIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S373—S374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1367.
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Abstract Media campaigns play a critical role in framing public perceptions or ‘public talk’ around social issues. The media’s role in characterizing the loneliness ‘problem’ is, however, an under explored area. This paper presents the language of loneliness and loneliness representations in the media in Canada and England over a 10-year period (2009-2018) and their relationship with key policy initiatives specific to an ageing population. Using qualitative content analysis, the findings illustrate the use of skilled marketing techniques and highly stigmatizing discourse. These media approaches act to: (1) reinforce the threat of an ageing population; (2) endorse responsibilization and governmentality of the body; and (3) promote individual and/or family shame and morally responsible actions by charities and volunteers. We conclude that there is a need for a critical analysis of loneliness from the perspective of social and cultural constructions of ageing, the positioning of older people in society, and neo-liberalist ideology
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Gentles, William, Bradley Bradley, Charles Yoon, Sulmaz Zahedi, Yolanda Adusei-Poku, John Zienaa, Nicolas Adjabu, and Yu-Ling Cheng. "Medical Device Donation Practices in Canada: A Survey of Donor and Recipient Perspectives." Global Clinical Engineering Journal 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v1i2.44.
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Background and Objective: Although developing countries have been receiving donations of medical equipment for many years, a number of studies have indicated that a high percentage of donated equipment is never put into use. [1,3,4] Many of the reasons for this can be traced back to inadequate donation practices on the part of donor organizations. The objective of this study was to gain an improved understanding of the practices and challenges associated with medical equipment donations by Canadian charitable organizations.
Material and Methods: Forty-one organizations (registered and non-registered charities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), non-profit organizations, medical clinics, and hospitals) completed an online survey, and 16 respondents were interviewed via telephone or in person. In addition, representatives from 28 hospitals in Ghana were interviewed in person to gain an understanding of the recipient experience.
Results: We observed that for many Canadian donor organizations there is room for improvement in formalizing procedures, testing to verify equipment functionality before shipping, providing additional support for recipients in the form of manuals, spare parts and training, and long-term monitoring of donated items to measure effectiveness. For recipients, the most common challenges faced were lack of spare parts, and lack of operating or service manuals. Despite these challenges, all of the Ghanaian survey respondents said that donated medical equipment benefited their hospitals.
Conclusion: We concluded that because of staffing limitations in smaller donor organizations, and in order to better meet the needs of recipients, it would be beneficial for Canadian organizations to communicate and collaborate with one another to share resources and expertise when planning donations overseas.
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Mook, Laurie, and Jack Quarter. "A Review of Social Economy Research in Canada." Voluntaristics Review 3, no. 4 (January 21, 2018): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054933-12340025.
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Abstract Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy, officially bilingual (English and French), and one of the most multicultural countries in the world. Indeed, more than one-fifth of Canada’s population consists of first-generation immigrants, and a similar percentage classify themselves as visible minorities. According to the 2016 census there are more than 250 distinct ethnic origins, often with distinct languages (Statistics Canada, 2016, 2017a). A confederation of ten provinces and three territories, Canada has a current population of over 36 million people who live across an expansive geographic area that constitutes the second largest country in the world. Most of its population live in urban settings (83%), with the largest cities being Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver (Statistics Canada, 2017b). Toronto is classified as the third-most cosmopolitan city in the world following Dubai and Brussels (World Atlas, 2018). In this multifaceted context, the social economy of Canada plays an important role in bridging the public and private sectors to form a strong social infrastructure (Quarter, Mook, & Armstrong, 2018). It constitutes a vast range of organizations guided by social objectives including nonprofit organizations such as charities, foundations, and social enterprises; and cooperatives both non-financial, in fields such as housing, childcare, healthcare, and farm marketing, and financial such as credit unions and caisses populaires. There are distinct traditions of the social economy in anglophone and francophone parts of Canada. There are also traditions specific to particular populations, such as the Black social economy (Hossein, 2013); and the Indigenous social economy (Restoule, Gruner, & Metatawabin, 2012; Sengupta, Vieta, & McMurtry, 2015; Wuttunee, 2010). In this review, we look at the anglophone research on the social economy, noting that there are also French-language research institutions and educational programs focusing on the social economy; however, a review of these is beyond the scope of this paper. After providing an overview of the concept of the social economy in Canada, we go on to summarize research on its scope and size in the Canadian context. Using a Venn diagram, we highlight the interactions between the different sectors in society and emphasize that the social economy is an integral part of a mixed economy that serves in many ways as its social infrastructure. We find four different types of social economy organizations: social economy businesses, community economic development organizations, public sector nonprofits, and civil society organizations. From there, we focus on voluntaristic behaviors of giving, volunteering (formal and informal), and participating. Our focus shifts to describing the infrastructure supporting research of the sector, including key academic and umbrella associations and networks, as well as formal and informal education programs. Finally, we describe key funders of social economy research including government and foundations.
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Daum, Christine, Lauren McLennan, Elyse Letts, Cathy Conway, and Lili Liu. "RETURNED MISSING PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA: WHAT ROLE CAN FIRST RESPONDERS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS PLAY?" Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2470.
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Abstract The number of people living with dementia that wander and go missing is increasing. First responders and service providers play a role in the return of a missing person living with dementia. In the United Kingdom (UK), “return home interviews” are discussions between police and returned missing persons that offer support to the returned missing person to prevent repeat incidents. This study aims to explore and understand the role of first responders and service providers who follow-up with returned missing persons living with dementia. Eight service providers (e.g., social workers) and seven first responders (e.g., police officers) from Canada and the UK participated in online semi-structured interviews. Data were concurrently collected and analyzed using conventional content analysis. In the UK, police conduct “return home interviews” within 72 hours of the missing person’s return. Some charities conduct interviews with vulnerable populations to prevent repeat missing incidents by understanding the circumstances of the missing incident and connecting the person to community supports. In Canada, although follow-up with returned missing persons is not routine, some police units offer support to returned missing older adults. Government and community support organizations also offer supports to returned missing older adults such as referrals for in-home support, technologies, and vulnerable person registries. Service providers and first responders have an important role to play in the prevention of repeat missing incidents. Findings will contribute to the development of a Canadian practice guide for conducting interviews with returned missing persons living with dementia.
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Bradish, Cheri, and J. Joseph Cronin. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 6 (November 2009): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.6.691.
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Over the past decade, there has been a groundswell of support within the sport industry to be “good sports”, as evidenced by a growing number of, and commitment to, “giving” initiatives and “charitable” programs. Consider the following examples:• In 1998, the “Sports Philanthropy Project” was founded, devoted to “harnessing the power of professional sports to support the development of healthy communities.” (Sports Philanthropy Project, 2009) To date, this organization has supported and sustained over 400 philanthropic-related organizations associated with athlete charities, league initiatives, and team foundations in the United States and Canada.• In 2003, “Right To Play” (formerly Olympic Aid) the international humanitarian organization was established, which has used sport to bring about change in over 40 of the world's most disadvantaged communities. Of note is their vision to “engage leaders on all sides of sport, business and media, to ensure every child's right to play” (www.righttoplay.com).• In 2005, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) became one of the first sport organizations to create an internal corporate social responsibility unit, and soon thereafter committed a significant percentage of their revenues to related corporate social responsibility programs (FIFA, 2005).
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Nakhaie, M. Reza. "Electoral Participation in Municipal, Provincial and Federal Elections in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 2 (June 2006): 363–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390606015x.
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Abstract.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of social relations or social capital for voting turnout at three levels of Canadian government, paying particular attention to social contexts, socio-demographics and socio-economic forces. The data source is the Public Use Microdata File from theNational Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participation, administered by Statistics Canada (2001). Results provide support for social capital theory. Those who donate to charities and/or volunteer have a stronger propensity to vote than their counterparts. Two other measures of social capital, social networks and participation in religious activities, are also related to turnout. However, their effects are comparatively modest. Among the social bases of social capital, community rootedness is an important predictor of turnout. Civic engagement or attentiveness to current affairs also significantly increases voter turnout at all levels of Canadian government. Finally, standard socio-economic and demographic predictors of political participation do show independent effects on turnout. However, with the exception of age, these predictors are not as consistent or as strong as social capital measures in explaining turnout. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.Résumé.L'objectif de cette étude est de souligner l'importance des relations sociales ou “ capital social ” en ce qui concerne la participation aux élections municipales, provinciales et fédérales au Canada, en prêtant une attention particulière aux contextes sociaux et aux forces socio-démographiques et socio-économiques. Nos données proviennent du fichier de microdonnées à grande diffusion del'Enquête nationale sur le don, le bénévolat et la participation, administré par Statistique Canada (2001). Les résultats vérifient la théorie du capital social. Les gens qui font des dons aux organismes de bienfaisance ou font du bénévolat ont une tendance plus marquée à voter que les autres. Deux autres mesures de capital social, l'appartenance à des réseaux sociaux et la participation à des activités religieuses, ont aussi une corrélation positive avec la participation électorale. Leur impact est cependant relativement limité. Parmi les composantes du capital social, l'enracinement dans la communauté est un indicateur important de participation. L'engagement dans la vie civique ou un intérêt marqué pour les affaires courantes augmentent aussi d'une façon significative la participation aux élections à tous les niveaux gouvernementaux. Finalement, il s'avère que les variables explicatives socio-économiques et démographiques standard de la participation politique ont des effets indépendants sur le vote. Toutefois, à l'exception de l'âge, ces variables ne sont ni aussi constantes ni aussi déterminantes que les mesures du capital social pour expliquer la participation. Nous discutons dans cet article les implications théoriques et politiques de nos conclusions.
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Nguyen, Anne Xuan-Lan, Alexander Kevorkov, Patricia Li, and Rislaine Benkelfat. "93 Mapping Mobile Health Clinics in Canada: Delivering Equitable Primary Care to Children and Vulnerable Populations." Paediatrics & Child Health 27, Supplement_3 (October 1, 2022): e43-e44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxac100.092.
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Abstract Background Low-income and racially diverse populations often have multiple barriers in accessing healthcare and are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. COVID-19 exacerbated these health inequities: decreased in-person appointments, difficult access to virtual care and deprioritization of elective clinical activity led to delays in well-child visits and vaccination. This public health emergency highlighted a need to develop alternative models to enable access to primary care for vulnerable children. While mobile clinics are well-established in the United States, little is known about them in Canada. Objectives This study aims to characterize Canadian mobile clinics providing primary care health services to vulnerable populations, including children, and seeks to inform the implementation of a pediatric mobile clinic under development. Design/Methods This environmental scan screened scientific databases and the grey literature using a combination of terms designating mobile health clinics and Canadian locations. Relevant Canadian primary care mobile clinic initiatives were subsequently included. We defined primary care mobile clinics as movable health care units providing primary healthcare services delivered by general medical practitioners (pediatricians and family physicians). Examples of excluded initiatives were mobile clinics focused on education/literacy, dental care, vision care, endocrinology, cancer screening, safe injection sites, vaccination, physical rehabilitation and urgent care. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were performed. Results 29 clinics were identified, of which 26 are still active. Most clinics were located in Ontario (n=11), followed by British Columbia (n=8), Alberta (n=5), Quebec (n=2) and the Maritimes (n=2). The first mobile clinic in Canada was launched in 1996, with an increasing number of new clinics in 2021. While all clinics served vulnerable populations, some targeted specific groups, such as children, people experiencing homelessness, immigrants, LGBTQ+ individuals and Indigenous peoples. We identified three pediatric mobile clinics, two of which targeted teenagers. Onboard the clinics, physicians often worked with nurses, outreach workers and social workers. These professionals provided primary care services, as well as healthcare navigation, sexual education, mental health care, harm reduction supplies, vaccination and emergency care. All mobile clinics partnered with their local government, charities or businesses to fund their initiative. Conclusion Mobile health clinics are a growing model of primary care in Canada. They are the result of a multidisciplinary collaboration between healthcare providers, social workers and outreach workers. To this date, Canadian pediatric mobile clinics remain a handful and represent an interesting avenue to address health inequities in children, during the pandemic and beyond.
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Simonenko, E. S. "MATERIAL PROVISION OF CANADIAN VOLUNTEERS’ FAMILIES DURING WORLD WAR I." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1(52) (2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-1-158-167.
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The article analyzes the Canadian government policy of social protection and support for soldiers’ dependents during World War I. The description of events begins when Canada entered the war (August 4, 1914) and ends when the North American Dominion switched to the system of compulsory military service (conscription) (August 29, 1917). The reconstruction of the details of the material support for soldiers’ dependents during the war helps reveal the details of the functioning of the Canadian government’s social policy in the early 20th century. The article is based on the legislative acts of the Dominion Government, official records of the debates in the Canadian parliament, and the Provincial press publications. It examines the institutional foundations of providing financial assistance to soldiers’ dependents using the example of the creation and activities of special state and non-state institutions (the Canadian Patriotic Fund, the Board of Pension Commissioners, and the Separation Allowance Board). It studies the process of forming the legislative base of social security for dependents of soldiers serving in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces and the Canadian Navy. The author traces the assignment and payment of social benefits to wives, children, parents and other dependents. The Canadian laws enacted during the war provided social assistance to military dependents in the form of state maintenance benefits and survivor’s pensions. The low rate of government benefits was offset by donations raised by charities. The process of creating special state bodies was very slow, and their activities were not always effective. Against this background, the work of the Canadian Patriotic Fund looked more fruitful.
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Lee, Sarah Dawn, Mahitab Hanbazaza, Geoff D. C. Ball, Anna Farmer, Katerina Maximova, and Noreen D. Willows. "Food insecurity among postsecondary students in developed countries." British Food Journal 120, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 2660–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2017-0450.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct a narrative review of the food insecurity literature pertaining to university and college students studying in Very High Human Development Index countries. It aims to document food insecurity prevalence, risk factors for and consequences of food insecurity and food insecurity coping strategies among students. Design/methodology/approach English articles published between January 2000 and November 2017 were identified using electronic databases. Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies assessed the study quality of quantitative research. Findings A total of 37 quantitative, three mixed-methods and three qualitative studies were included from 80,914 students from the USA (n=30 studies), Australia (n=4), Canada (n=8) and Poland (n=1). Prevalence estimates of food insecurity were 9–89 percent. All quantitative studies were rated weak based on the quality assessment. Risk factors for food insecurity included being low income, living away from home or being an ethnic minority. Negative consequences of food insecurity were reported, including reduced academic performance and poor diet quality. Strategies to mitigate food insecurity were numerous, including accessing food charities, buying cheaper food and borrowing resources from friends or relatives. Research limitations/implications Given the heterogeneity across studies, a precise estimate of the prevalence of food insecurity in postsecondary students is unknown. Practical implications For many students studying in wealthy countries, obtaining a postsecondary education might mean enduring years of food insecurity and consequently, suffering a range of negative academic, nutritional and health outcomes. There is a need to quantify the magnitude of food insecurity in postsecondary students, to inform the development, implementation and evaluation of strategies to reduce the impact of food insecurity on campus. Originality/value This review brings together the existing literature on food insecurity among postsecondary students studying in wealthy countries to allow a better understanding of the condition in this understudied group.
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Cherniak, William, Eben Stern, Carol Picart, Sarah Sinasac, Carolyn Iwasa, Michael Silverman, and Geoffrey Anguyo. "Grassroots Partnership to See and Treat Cervical Cancer in Rural Uganda." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (April 2017): 14s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009639.
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Abstract 9 Background: In Uganda, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, affecting 45 in every 100,000 women annually and killing 25 in every 100,000 annually. To effect change, two Canadian registered charities partnered with a Ugandan nongovernmental organization, a university, and the Ministry of Health to develop a novel screening, treatment, and educational training program. The two major goals of our program were to develop a training program for health care providers in southwestern Uganda for visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and a cryotherapy see and treat model; and to implement the first cervical cancer screening program of its kind in the Kabale region of southwestern Uganda. Methods: Our program was developed in partnership with Mbarara University of Science and Technology, a grass-roots Ugandan community development organization (Kigezi Healthcare Foundation [KIHEFO]), a Canadian charity that is focused on providing medical and dental care and educational training and infrastructure development (Bridge to Health Medical and Dental), and a Canadian charity that is focused on treatment for advanced cervical cancer (Road to Care). Results: Requisite supplies were obtained by Bridge to Health Medical and Dental and left behind with KIHEFO. A partnership was formed between academia, government, and civil society across Canada and Uganda. Over 5 days, 15 Ugandan health care workers were trained in VIA and cryotherapy, and 96 patients were screened for cervical cancer. Six patients were successfully treated for precancerous lesions. One biopsy was sent for pathology review and analysis. Conclusion: Since the pilot program, KIHEFO has conducted two additional cervical cancer screening programs using VIA and the see and treat approach. A new cervical cancer screening and treatment campaign, along with a quality control and educational training refresher, for the original 15 health care providers is planned for February 2017. Funding: Bridge to Health Medical and Dental and Kigezi Healthcare Foundation in partnership with the Ugandan Ministry of Health. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
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Singer, Samuel. "Charity Law Reform in Canada: Moving from Patchwork to Substantive Reform." Alberta Law Review, March 17, 2020, 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr2592.
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This article explores the history of charity law reform in Canada, focusing on calls for a legislative definition of charitable purposes and changes to the political activity rules. It traces the trajectory of three periods of charity law reform advocacy in Canada since 1978, during which advocates have called not only for reform to the political activity rules but also more broadly for the modernization of Canadian charity law. Despite decades of charity law reform proposals, most charity law reform in Canada to date has constituted a patchwork of administrative and legal changes. Canadian charity law is at a crossroads after the broad recommendations of the 2017 Report of the Consultation Panel on the Political Activities of Charities and the 2018 legislative changes eliminating certain restrictions on charities’ political activities. It is time for more substantive charity law reform, drawing from multiple law reform proposals presented over the last 40 years, and from charity law reform in other jurisdictions.
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Ramsundarsingh, Susan, and Loren Falkenberg. "An exploration of charity/non--charity partnerships in Canada." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 8, no. 1 (July 10, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2017v8n1a235.
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While charities and non-charities both work toward the betterment of society, only registered charities are able to access charitable funding. This difference in access, combined with trends in the voluntary sector including challenges to the definition of what is charitable, a lengthy registration process, lack of capacity within the sector, and citizen engagement through community development, have contributed to charity/non-charity partnerships as an emerging practice. This study provides an exploration of charity/non-charity partnerships with a focus on understanding the practice and the policies governing them. Interviews with practitioners provide important context and a framework for understanding the different models of practice. Legal interviews provide guidance on applicable policies. The study highlights the gaps between policy and practice and provides recommendations for both.Bien que de nombreux organismes se consacrent à créer une meilleure société, seuls les organismes de charité enregistrés peuvent accéder aux subventions caritatives. Cette différence d’accès, jointe à des tendances dans le secteur bénévole telles qu’un questionnement de la définition de ce qui est caritatif, un très long processus d’enregistrement, un manque de ressources et l’implication de citoyens dans le développement communautaire, a contribué à l’émergence de partenariats entre organismes de charité enregistrés et leurs compléments non enregistrés. Cette étude explore ces partenariats en se focalisant sur les pratiques et politiques qui les gouvernent. Des entretiens avec des participants offrent un contexte et cadre importants pour comprendre les divers modèles adoptés. Des entretiens sur le droit d’autre part mettent en lumière les politiques pertinentes. Cette étude souligne les écarts entre politique et pratique et fournit des recommandations pour les deux.
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Murray, Ian, Lachlan Umbers, and Murray Wesson. "Regulating Political Advocacy by Charities Liberally." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, January 12, 2023, 089976402211451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08997640221145116.
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In countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, whether certain classes of civil society groups are eligible to receive state support (by way of tax and other concessions) is primarily based on the entity’s intended purpose. Yet governments often view the advocacy, electioneering, or lobbying activities that are the means adopted by some civil society organizations to achieve their purposes, as unjustified attempts to intervene in the political process. Attempts to restrict these activities are, thus, not uncommon but raise challenges to fundamental tenets of liberal democracies. This article uses recent Australian experience as a case study to analyze such attempts through rule of law and freedom of expression lenses. It focuses on advocacy and electioneering via peaceful protest/civil disobedience activities and argues that charities have a valuable role to play as political actors and that any restrictions should meet the requirements of certainty and proportionality.
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Murray, Ian. "Regulating Charity in a Federated State: The Australian Perspective." Nonprofit Policy Forum 9, no. 4 (January 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2018-0034.
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AbstractThe last few decades have witnessed radical reform of charity regulation around the world. Australia has not been untouched and has developed several unique approaches. First, unlike many other federations (such as the US and Canada), Australia relies on a charities commission rather than its federal tax authority to act as the principal regulator, resulting in a very different scope of responsibility and the likelihood of greater interaction with state regulators. Second, unlike many other jurisdictions that have implemented a charities commission (such as England and Wales), the Australian commission is ultimately intended to apply to a broader pool of not-for-profits than just charities, which raises fundamental questions about the ways in which charities differ from the not-for-profit sector more broadly. This paper outlines the historical and political reasons for reform in Australia and the shape of that reform. As the reforms have now achieved broad political and sector support, the chief focus of this paper is on the out-workings of the reforms, with particular attention to the challenges and opportunities posed by Australia’s federal system of government and by the charity commission’s potential to regulate the broader not-for-profit sector.
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Larre, Tamara. "Allowing Charities to “Do More Good” through Carrying on Unrelated Businesses." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2016v7n1a207.
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One way in which charities could increase their positive impact on society is by raising revenue through carrying on a business. Current income-tax legislation in Canada, however, restricts the ability of charities to do so by prohibiting them from carrying on an unrelated business. This article reviews the current law and explores the options for loosening this restriction, while at the same time addressing the potential problems associated with charity-operated businesses. In the end, the author recommends that all charities except private foundations be permitted to operate small businesses, so long as the business activities are disclosed to donors. Les œuvres caritatives pourraient augmenter leur impact positif sur la société en faisant accroître leur revenu au moyen d’une activité commerciale. Au Canada, cependant, la loi actuelle de l’impôt sur le revenu restreint la liberté des œuvres caritatives en les interdisant de gérer un commerce sans lien avec leur activité principale. Cet article passe en revue la loi actuelle et explore les options pour libéraliser la loi, tout en recensant les problèmes potentiels associés aux commerces qui seraient gérés par des œuvres caritatives. Au bout du compte, l’auteur recommande que toute œuvre caritative à l’exception de la fondation privée ait la permission de tenir une petite entreprise, en autant que l’œuvre mette ses donateurs au courant de son activité commerciale.
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Barr, Cathy, and Bernadette Johnson. "National Nonprofit Sector Advocacy During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research 12, S1 (November 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjnser.2021v12ns1a545.
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When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Canada in March 2020, charitable and nonprofit sector leaders quickly realized the survival of many organizations was at risk. Three national coalitions formed to seek support for the sector from the federal government. Their efforts produced several concrete policy outcomes, including the inclusion of charities and nonprofits in all major federal relief programs and two support programs designed for charities and nonprofits. They also contributed to significantly increased awareness among policymakers of the role and challenges of charities and nonprofits. This has opened a policy window that the sector can use to advance several long-standing goals. RÉSUMÉ Quand la pandémie du COVID-19 a frappé le Canada en mars 2020, les dirigeants du secteur caritatif et sans but lucratif se sont vite rendu compte que la survie de plusieurs organismes était menacée. On a donc formé trois coalitions nationales afin de chercher un appui au secteur auprès du gouvernement fédéral. Les efforts de ces coalitions ont mené à plusieurs politiques concrètes, y compris l’inclusion d’organismes de bienfaisance et sans but lucratif dans tous les programmes d’aide fédéraux majeurs et la création de deux programmes d’aide conçus spécifiquement pour les organismes de bien- faisance et sans but lucratif. Ces coalitions ont aussi contribué à accroître de manière significative la conscience parmi les stratèges du rôle et des défis des organismes de bienfaisance et sans but lucratif. Ces progrès ont créé des occasions politiques dont le secteur pourra profiter pour faire avancer plusieurs objectifs de longue date.
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Dougherty, Christopher Nicholas. "Trust and transparency: Accreditation and impact reporting by Canadian charities." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 10, no. 1 (May 14, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2019v10n1a273.
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This article examines the public reporting of impact, defined as progress towards a charity’s mission and long-term objectives, by Canadian charities through their annual reports. The public reporting behaviour of those accredited under Imagine Canada’s Standards Program is compared with a matched sample of charities that have not sought accreditation. The objective is to explore whether trust-building activities like public disclosures of impact and third-party accreditation are convergent. The study finds that accreditation status correlates with impact measurement and reporting; both trends are linked to organizational size, and accreditation does not appear to be causing charities to increase their disclosures of impact, which suggests that there may be underlying factors driving both behaviours. These findings generally affirm earlier research that correlates organizational size with impact measurement, adding that the effect is weak.Cet article examine comment les associations caritatives canadiennes, dans leurs rapports annuels, rendent compte de leur impact, c’est-à-dire de leur progrès par rapport à leur mission et à leurs objectifs à long terme. Cette étude compare les comptes rendus d’associations accréditées par le Programme de normes d’Imagine Canada avec un échantillon apparié d’associations qui n’ont pas été accréditées. L’objectif est de déterminer s’il y a convergence parmi les démarches entreprises pour gagner la confiance du public telles que l’accréditation par un tiers et la divulgation d’impact. Cette étude observe que les associations accréditées sont plus enclines à mesurer et à divulguer leur impact; que ces deux pratiques sont plus communes dans les grandes associations; et que l’accréditation à elle seule n’entraîne pas forcément les associations caritatives à divulguer leur impact, ce qui suggère que des facteurs sous-jacents sont peut-être responsables pour les deux pratiques. En général, ces conclusions confirment des recherches antérieures trouvant une corrélation entre la grandeur d’un organisme et le désir de mesurer son impact, bien que ce lien semble être faible.
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Mouton, Morgan, Dawn Rault, and Melanie Rock. "Connecting the dots: a qualitative study of dog-bite data in Calgary (AB, Canada)." International Journal of Population Data Science 3, no. 4 (September 3, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.821.
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IntroductionWorldwide, dog-bites remain a leading cause of pediatric injuries. Local governments are key because they can enact and enforce policies on dogs. The City of Calgary has earned an international reputation for its approach to regulating dogs and dog-owners, which has resulted in marked reductions in per capita dog-aggression complaints.
Objectives and ApproachThis presentation reflects on how data on dogs are collected, sorted and used by local governments. Our approach has been qualitative in nature: we observed bylaw officers during ride-alongs, and we conducted in-depth interviews with officials who conceived and/or use the databases involving dogs in Calgary. We took a particular interest in the migration of the City of Calgary’s ‘canine data’ (e.g., dog licensing, reports by enforcement officers) to a more comprehensive database listing all of the incidents recorded by municipal services (including ‘911’ and ‘311’ calls, etc.).
ResultsPreliminary results point to difficulties in linking data stemming from several sources. Within the municipality itself, the transition comes with important challenges. Moreover, to improve public health surveillance for dog-bites, and ultimately to improve preventive strategies, other sources of data should be linked, including emergency services, animal welfare charities, and and veterinary clinics. This fragmentation of available data would be difficult to overcome. Local governments and animal welfare charities may cooperate during investigations but do not share their administrative data. The issue of privacy is a strong barrier for municipal services to obtain healthcare data, while veterinary clinics are private entities that have few incentives to align with administrative data held by local governments or healthcare services.
Conclusion/ImplicationsIn a city whose model is built upon the close monitoring of pets and their people, the issue of data linkages is critical. New partnerships and new solutions, respectful of citizen privacy and organizations’ respective scope of practice, should be developed.
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De Sousa, Corin. "Chinese Canadians: Exercising Social Power through Affiliations." Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings, February 5, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp.8967.
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The Chinese presence within the dominant Canadian host society has been one of struggle and triumph. Racial attitudes caused extreme forms of stereotyping and prejudice against the Chinese residing in Canada. Although many scholars discuss the history of racism against the Chinese in Canada, most leave the Chinese voiceless and do not consider the internal and external powers within the Chinese communities. The Chinese were not defenceless and by creating associations they were able to voice their opinions. Also, by aligning themselves to religious organizations and joining in the military effort, they were able to create their own identity and gain an even footing in the social hierarchy within Canada. Thus, Chinese Canadians have been in full control of creating their own cultural identity within diverse Chinese communities. Chinese associations were established soon after the arrival of the first Chinese settlers in Canada, notably the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) which dealt with numerous issues, charities, some of which provided housing, cultural celebration, and much more. The Chinese created a distinct culture, while at the same time becoming a part of Canada’s cultural mosaic. Despite deep-seated racial oppression, the Chinese Canadians were able to exercise social power by establishing the CCBA, creating associations and assimilating through religious and military affiliations.
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James, L., S. Menezes, S. Lawrence, and M. Aranago. "When universal health care isn’t truly universal: Beyond filling gaps in access to medicines." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1145.
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Abstract Issue The Canadian healthcare system is defined by universality, but unfortunately that does not extend to drugs outside of hospitals. Access to medication remains an area of inequity, fragmentation and system failure, with millions struggling with cost related non-adherence. This has created major implications for public health, limiting the health status of populations. Canada's inequitable system and the recent pursuit to fix it, provides an opportunity to examine ways of balancing public health goals and health systems reform in a country with established public and private care services. Background The government mandated the creation of a plan to improve access to medications. Stakeholder consultations ran from June -September 2018 and the Heart & Stroke Foundation (H&S) aimed to create policy recommendations that would improve population health outcomes and inequities. Research review and analysis determined the scope of the problem and viable solutions. Questions arose around whether a solution could improve equity and lower health care costs without dismantling the existing private system. Results Visionary principles led to the recommendation of a universal pharmacare program, designed to improve access to cost-effective medicines for all people in Canada regardless of geography, age, or ability to pay. A hybrid -program would include a robust common formulary for which the public payer is the first payer creating cost efficiencies. Top-up private insurance would result in less strain on the public system and maintain the presence of the existing private industry. Lessons Health charities have a unique role to play in creating innovative policy solutions that also serve patient interests. In order to advance public health, health charities need to maintain focus on equity and avoid policy development that is biased with conflict of interest. Key messages Canada is primed to implement a unique universal pharmacare program that addresses healthy inequities. Varied stakeholder interests can block public health goals.
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Wynne, Harold J. "Gambling on the Edge in Alberta." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 1 (March 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2000.1.5.
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Alberta is Canada's gambling hotbed. In this article, the author explores the preoccupation of Albertans with this form of entertainment and discusses recent events related to gambling in this province. These include the divisive community video lottery terminal (VLT) debate, hotel operators lobbying for gambling expansion, the government's role in Internet gambling and the increasing reliance of charities on gambling revenues. The author concludes by forecasting four "gambling megatrends" based on experiences from this bellwether province: gambling in Canada will continue to expand in the foreseeable future; a high-tech gambling future will include Internet gambling in the home; special "gaming rooms" and "mini-casinos" will appear in hotels and convention centres; and charitable organizations will increasingly depend on gambling revenues for their good works.
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Yan, Miu Chung, Jinah Lee, and Edward Ko Ling Chan. "Mechanisms of Gatekeeping in the Social Work Profession: Lessons Learned from Canada, Hong Kong and South Korea." British Journal of Social Work, September 25, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcaa146.
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Abstract Striving to be a full-fledged profession with statutorily delegated self-regulatory authority has been a goal of the social work profession in many countries since Abraham Flexner’s (1915 ‘Is social work a profession?’, Paper presented at the Forty-Second Annual Session of The National Conference of Charities and Correction, Baltimore, MD, pp. 581, 584–8, 590. denial of its professional status in the USA. A full self-regulation requires two gatekeeping mechanisms: professional education and registration. Whereas professional social work education has been in place in many parts of the world, the establishment of a mandatory registration system is still limited to a few countries. Although two mechanisms share the same mandate and function as self-regulation, they tend to be discussed separately in the literature. How they connect and work with each other is seldom explored. In this article, by examining the development of these two mechanisms in Canada, Hong Kong and South Korea, we present three different ways of how these mechanisms are connected and discuss observations of those connections.
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Mulé, Nick J. "Advocacy Limitations on Gender and Sexually Diverse Activist Organizations in Canada’s Voluntary Sector." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2011v2n1a52.
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ABSTRACT Registered charities are restricted when engaging in advocacy, whereas Canadian nonprofits face a far more difficult time when fundraising. The impact of such limitations on Canadian gender and sexually diverse1 activist organizations is one example of the implications on Canada's democratization process. Despite the efforts of the Voluntary Sector Initiative (VSI), and updated political activity policies, Canada lags behind both the U.K. and U.S. in recognizing and legitimizing advocacy as an important contribution to its democratic process. An organized challenge of the system at the political and legal level is called for to address this issue. RÉSUMÉ Les organismes de bienfaisance enregistrés font face à des contraintes lorsqu'ils défendent une cause, tandis que les organismes sans but lucratif rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés pour amasser des fonds. L'impact de ces contraintes sur les organisations militantes de genre et de sexualité diversifiés n'est qu'un exemple de répercussion sur le procédé de démocratisation du Canada. Malgré les efforts déployés par l'Initiative sur le secteur bénévole et communautaire (ISBC) et malgré la mise à jour de politiques sur l'activité politique, le gouvernement du Canada a du retard par rapport à ceux du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis en matière de reconnaissance et de légitimation de la défense de causes en tant que contribution importante à son processus démocratique. Pour aborder cette question, nous sommes amenés à remettre en question le système de façon méthodique sur les plans politique et juridique.
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Mascarenhas, Michael. "A Precarious Confluence: Neoliberalism, Race, and Water Insecurity." Kalfou 5, no. 2 (November 16, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15367/kf.v5i2.210.
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Three very different field sites—First Nations communities in Canada, water charities in the Global South, and the US cities of Flint and Detroit, Michigan—point to the increasing precariousness of water access for historically marginalized groups, including Indigenous peoples, African Americans, and people of color around the globe. This multi-sited ethnography underscores a common theme: power and racism lie deep in the core of today’s global water crisis. These cases reveal the concrete mechanisms, strategies, and interconnections that are galvanized by the economic, political, and racial projects of neoliberalism. In this sense neoliberalism is not only downsizing democracy but also creating both the material and ideological forces for a new form of discrimination in the provision of drinking water around the globe. These cases suggest that contemporary notions of environmental and social justice will largely hinge on how we come to think about water in the twenty-first century.
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Nichols, Naomi. "Understanding the Funding Game: The TextualCoordination of Civil Sector Work." Canadian Journal of Sociology 33, no. 1 (March 17, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs1527.
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Abstract. This paper investigates how people’s work for non-profit organizations, charities, grassroots collectives, and social justice organizations is organized by official funding processes. In my analysis, I attend to the different kinds of text-based knowledge that coordinate people’s work across the civil sector. Engaging in discussions with participants about their work, I discover how an individual’s ordinary documentary activities are articulated to institutional relations of accountability. Attending to text-driven accountability practices — practices increasingly taken up to justify and carry out all kinds of work in the civil sector — I investigate the ideological organization of people’s work via the policy documents and textual application procedures of the Revenue Canada tax act with regard to Charitable Status and the Ontario Trillium Foundation funding application process.
Résumé. Cette communication s’intéresse aux personnes qui travaillent dans le milieu qui regroupe les organismes à but non-lucratif, les oeuvres de bienfaisance, les collectifs communautaires et les organismes en justice sociale, du point de vue de l’impact exercé sur leur travail par le processus des demandes de financement officiel. Dans mon analyse, je m’attarde à la manière par laquelle une diversité de savoirs textuels vient coordonner ce travail dans l’ensemble du secteur civil. Au moyen de discussions avec participants au sujet de leur travail, je découvre comment les activités normales de documentation qu’effectuent ces individus sont liées à des relations institutionnelles d’obligation de rendre compte. En m’attardant à la primauté du texte vis-à-vis ces comportements d’obligation de rendre compte — comportements qui de plus en plus servent de justification à une gamme importante de fonctions dans le secteur civil — j’enquête sur l’organisation idéologique du travail en question via les documents de politique et de procédure d’application textuelle de la loi de Revenu Canada portant sur le statut caritatif et sur les démarches de demande de soutiel de la Fondation Trillium de l’ Ontario.
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Brouard, Francois, and Juniper Glass. "Understanding Information Exchanges and Reporting by Grantmaking Foundations." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 8, no. 2 (January 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2017v8n2a251.
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Information and reporting issues are more present than ever in a context of accountability pressures on nonprofits and foundations. This conceptual article explores the information flows between the stakeholders in the philanthropic ecosystem and examines four broad types of reporting: tax and regulatory, financial, social, and grants reporting. Tax and regulatory reporting includes the general requirements imposed on charities and specific requirements imposed on Canadian foundations by the Income Tax Act. Financial reporting refers to financial statements and other financial information. Social reporting refers to information shared about foundations’ activities, non-financial performance, and impacts. Grant reporting refers to information requests and disclosure between foundations and grantees, and information about grants shared with other stakeholders. The article provides an analysis framework to examine the grantmaking foundations’ ecosystem and identify key trends and challenges regarding information exchanges.Les enjeux liés à l’information et à la communication sont plus présents que jamais dans un contexte de responsabilisation en expansion. Diverses parties prenantes participent dans l’écosystème des fondations subventionnaires et sont engagés dans l’échange d’information. L’objectif de cet article conceptuel est d’explorer la circulation de l’information entre les parties prenantes de l’écosystème philanthropique et d’examiner quatre grands types de communication, soit celles fiscales et réglementaires, financières, sociales et subventionnaires. Les communications fiscales et réglementaires comprennent les exigences générales et spécifiques des organismes gouvernementaux, par exemple, la Déclaration de renseignements T3010 requis par la Loi de l’impôt sur le revenu du Canada. Les communications financières comprennent les états financiers et les autres informations financières. Les communications sociales portent sur l’information partagée à propos des activités des fondations, de leur performance non-financière et des impacts. Les communications subventionnaires comprennent les demandes et la divulgation d’information entre les fondations et les bénéficiaires et celle partagée avec les autres parties prenantes. Parmi les contributions de l’article, notons le développement d’un cadre d’analyse, basé sur la théorie des parties prenantes et sur la circulation de l’information, afin d’examiner l’écosystème philanthropique.
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Genuis, Shelagh K., Westerly Luth, Tania Bubela, and Wendy S. Johnston. "Covid-19 threat and coping: application of protection motivation theory to the pandemic experiences of people affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." BMC Neurology 22, no. 1 (April 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02662-w.
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Abstract Background People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are at high risk for severe outcomes from Covid-19 infection. Researchers exploring ALS and Covid-19 have focused primarily on system response and adaptation. Using Protection Motivation Theory, we investigated how people with ALS and family caregivers appraised and responded to Covid-19 threat, the ‘costs’ associated with pandemic response, and how health professionals and systems can better support people affected by ALS who are facing public health emergencies. Methods Data were drawn from the ‘ALS Talk Project,’ an asynchronous, moderated focus group study. Participants were recruited from regions across Canada. Seven groups met online over 14 weeks between January and July 2020. Fifty-three participants contributed to Covid-19 discussions. Data were qualitatively analyzed using directed content analysis and the constant-comparative approach. Results Participants learned about the Covid-19 pandemic from the media. They rapidly assessed their vulnerability and responded to Covid-19 threat by following recommendations from health authorities, information monitoring, and preparing for worst-case scenarios. Adopting protective behaviors had substantial response costs, including adaptations for medical care and home support workers, threatened access to advance care, and increased caregiver burden. Participants expressed need for ALS-specific, pandemic information from trusted health professionals and/or ALS health charities. Telemedicine introduced both conveniences and costs. Prior experience with ALS provided tools for coping with Covid-19. Threat and coping appraisal was a dynamic process involving ongoing vigilance and adaptation. Findings draw attention to the lack of emergency preparedness among participants and within health systems. Conclusions Clinicians should engage ALS patients and families in ongoing discussions about pandemic coping, strategies to mitigate response costs, care pathways in the event of Covid-19 infection, and changing information about Covid-19 variants and vaccines. Healthcare systems should incorporate flexible approaches for medical care, leveraging the benefits of telemedicine and facilitating in-person interaction as needed and where possible. Research is needed to identify strategies to mitigate response costs and to further explore the interaction between prior experience and coping. Further study is also needed to determine how communication about emergency preparedness might be effectively incorporated into clinical care for those with ALS and other medically vulnerable populations.
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snyder, Brett, and N. Claire Napawan. "Porosity : Networking Cities for a Changing Climate." Architecture_MPS, November 1, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2014v6i1.001.
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On October 28th 2013 Hurricane Sandy hit land on the East Coast of the United States. The deadliest storm to hit the country since 2005 it caused tens of billions of dollars in damage, destroyed thousands of homes, left millions without electric service, and caused 117 deaths in the United States, including 53 in New York, making Sandy the most life costly hurricane to hit the United States mainland since Hurricane Katrina. In all an estimated 186 people were killed across the United States, the Caribbean, and Canada. In the immediate aftermath of the storm not only did the emergency services, state and federal government implement emergency plans of action, including both direct intervention on the ground and massive financial support, so too did a number of charities, community and residents groups across the US. One of the most surprising of these groups was what became known as Occupy Sandy. As noted by the Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute: “Within hours of Sandy’s landfall, members from the Occupy Wall Street movement used social media to tap the wider Occupy network for volunteers and aid. Overnight, a volunteer army of young, educated, tech-savvy individuals with time and a desire to help others emerged. In the days, weeks, and months that followed, “Occupy Sandy” became one of the leading humanitarian groups providing relief to survivors across New York City and New Jersey. At its peak, it had grown to an estimated 60,000 volunteers—more than four times the number deployed by the American Red Cross.” What this phenomenon clearly demonstrates is the potential for digital networking to improve response to catastrophic storm events at a community level. Far from being solely a question of material support and logistics, the response to the disaster was one equally definable as digital. Pointing to the possible rethinking of issues around the extreme and localised consequences of climate change and responses to it in purely traditional infrastructural terms, the social media focused organisation of Occupy Sandy potentially offers us a new frame of reference to deal with these, and less catastrophic issues around climate change and our response to it. This paper provides a discussion of the projected impacts of global environmental change in urban environments in the United States, with a particular focus on their impact on existing storm and sanitary water infrastructure. However, it theorizes a new approach to this archaic system of infrastructure that exploits social networking tools and digital technologies to build greater networks for climate change resilience across the United States and, by extension, elsewhere.
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Lacroix, Denis. "A Friend In Hope: a Story About Hope's Journey with a Brain Tumour by M. Zammit & E. Dornbusch." Deakin Review of Children's Literature 6, no. 3 (January 29, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.20361/g2k600.
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Zammit, Marisa, and Erica Dornbusch. A Friend In Hope: a Story About Hope's Journey with a Brain Tumour. Brain Tumor Foundation of Canada, 2008.Zammit, Marisa, Erica Dornbusch, and Carole Baillargeon. Mon amie Claire: L'histoire de Claire et de sa tumeur cérébrale. Foundation canadienne des tumeurs cérébrales, 2009.Zammit, Marisa, Erica Dornbusch, and Rocco Speranza. La mia amica Speranza : Speranza e il suo tumore cerebrale. Fondazione canadese del tumore cerebrale, 2008.In an interview with Daytime television, available on YouTube, author Marisa Zammit explains how the Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada contacted her as an established freelance copy writer to come up with a positive story of hope for and about children with brain tumours. According to Susan Marshall, executive director of the Foundation, no other storybook existed for elementary school aged children in Canada before 2008, when the book was published. It is the personal connection, having a child diagnosed with a brain tumour at the age of 4,that motivated Sharon to commission the publication of A Friend in Hope. Marisa had worked previously with illustrator Erica Dornbusch, who had published other storybooks (e.g. Finding Kate's shoes , Mrs. Goodstory) in the past. Marisa is now a school teacher librarian at Holy Cross Catholic Secondary School in Strathroy, Ontario and she has read the book to her students.A Friend in Hope has definitely accomplished its main objective of giving children, parents, and friends a positive and hopeful outlook on the brain tumour journey. Amy Mathias, the Online Community Engagement Coordinator of the Foundation, indicated that 15,000 copies of the book had been distributed in time for the organization’s 30th Anniversary in 2012. It is thanks to the Ronald McDonald House Charities that printing and distribution of the book were possible. The book addresses a very real need not only in alleviating young patients’ fears, but also in explaining brain tumours and their medical implications to children’s teachers and classmates. In turn, adults diagnosed with brain tumours may also use the storybook to approach the subject with their children.As for the translated versions of the book, Pia di Bacco helped translate from English into French by enlisting the support of youth and staff at her school in Montreal. Similarly, her godson Rocco Speranza commissioned grades 4, 5, and 6 youth and staff at the École East Hill School’s Italian program to translate the storybook from English and French into Italian. The motivation in both translation cases was a result of a family member or a student being diagnosed with a brain tumour and the belief in educating youth about brain tumours. Schools across the English Montreal School Board and beyond in Italy, Australia, Argentina, and the USA have also benefited from the storybook.The story is written from the perspective of a young brain tumour patient’s best friend, Danny, Daniel, or Daniele in English, French, and Italian respectively. Danny is trying to understand and, most of all, support his “best buddy,” Hope, who begins her brain tumour journey. As the author Marisa Zammit expressed in the Daytime interview, Hope, or in Italian Speranza, received that name because “it is hope [speranza] that buoys the character through the hardships of the story.” In French, the character’s name is Claire, whose Latin origin “clarus” means “clear, bright, celebrated” and by extension the word “clear”. The French name too, therefore, is representative of her personality and journey.Part of the story involves references to some of the medical treatments that Hope undergoes: MRI, pharmaceutical drugs, radiation therapy, a special helmet and mouthguard, a hospital’s child life centre, and the effects of various treatments on Hope. In every instance, the story uses the narrator’s voice and point of view to express Hope’s various experiences, Danny’s reactions to them, and his own fears. It is a child’s imagination which makes this topic bearable and allows the illustrations to become particularly powerful, when, for example, Danny sees Hope take some medication, which she says will help her “feel well enough to play with [him].” The illustration, in this case, represents a mountain scape and the children’s game of climbing pillows and cushions as if they were mountain climbers, because as Hope says the medication she takes is the “same medicine mountain climbers use,” (ie. dexamethasone). Another exceptional illustration is the one representing an oceanic world with an octopus and fish, which is how Hope faces the MRI machine and transforms it into a submarine. The illustrations are identical across the translations and the English source text, except for one image representing a hockey player in what appears to be Toronto Maple Leafs colours; however, in the French and Italian translations, which originated in Montreal, the team colours were changed to those of the Montreal Canadiens. Habs fans will no doubt appreciate the sensitivity of the illustrator.All in all the story is very well written and the language is suitable for children from grades 2 to 4; however the concepts that are addressed also make this book relevant to higher grade levels. That said, some grammatical inaccuracies exist within the French translation. Public and school libraries would benefit from access to this book, as would hospital library patrons and those who use Faculty of Education libraries. The health education elements of the story are presented in a very appropriate yet realistic manner for the target audience, who will appreciate having access to such a unique resource.Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Denis LacroixDenis Lacroix has worked at the University of Alberta Libraries since 2003. He is the romance languages and classics librarian and enjoys reading in French, Spanish, and Italian.
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"Bilingual education/bilingualism." Language Teaching 36, no. 2 (April 2003): 120–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444803261930.
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