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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chemical and herbal products'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Jamal, Jamia Azdina. "Investigation of Labisia pumila : a Malay traditional herb for pregnant women." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367923.

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2

Cerulli, Antonietta. "PGI products of Campania region: chemical and biological investigation of edible parts and by-products as potential sources of functional ingredients for herbal, nutraceutical and cosmetic formulations." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/3052.

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2016 - 2017<br>This project is addressed to the definition of the chemical profile of selected PGI products of Campania region and related byproducts to highlight the presence of phytochemicals with health benefits. The species studied were Corylus avellana cultivar “Nocciola di Giffoni” and Castanea sativa cultivar “Marrone di Roccadaspide” PGI products of Campania region. The phytochemical investigation on C.avellana cultivar ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ byproducts allowed us to isolate and characterize, by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, 22 new cyclized diarylheptanoids and diaryletherheptanoids, some of

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3

Ghosh, Rajat Kanti. "Chemical investigation of natural products." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/834.

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4

Said, Mazlina Mohd. "Chemometrics study and spectral database development of pharmaceuticals and herbal products : Malaysian perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550960.

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The issues for drug qualities, distribution of counterfeit and adulterated medicines in the market are not rare globally and rather common in a developing country like Malaysia. Despite stringent legislation and monitoring by the government, the problems still exist and the number of cases kept on increasing each year. This research aimed to design and proposed a strategy that can be used to overcome these problems. A combination of near infrared (NIR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral databases and chemometrics analyses of their spectroscopic fingerprints f

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5

Kudo, Mariko. "The rapid characterisation of natural products and herbal medicines by near-infrared spectroscopy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408710.

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6

Lynch, Natalie. "Communication and perceptions of the risks and efficacy of herbal medicines and the implications for the safe and effective use of herbal products." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515708.

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7

Lin, Zhixiu. "Biological and chemical studies on selected traditional plant remedies for vitiligo." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313742.

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8

Squires, Jill Marie. "The Effects of Naturally Occurring Plant Products on Experimental Haemonchus contortus Infection in Gerbils and Sheep." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32598.

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Haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking abomasal helminth of small ruminants responsible for major economic losses to producers worldwide. Widespread resistance to commercial anthelmintics has created a need for alternative methods of parasite control. One method involves using plant products with natural anthelmintic properties. This thesis assessed the efficacy of several plant products against experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in gerbils and sheep. <p> In gerbil assays, animals were orally infected with 600 third-stage Haemonchus larvae and treated once or daily for 5 days wit

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9

Feng, Qiu Ling. "Chemical and microstructural investigations on slag hydration products." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59672.

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10

Vial, Marie-Laure. "Chemical Biology of Natural Products on Parkinson’s Disease." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367722.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and slowly progressive ageing-related neurodegenerative disorder that arises from interactions between environmental risk factors and genetic predispositions. This multifactorial aspect of the disease makes it difficult to find a therapy that benefits patients. There is currently no cure for PD. Even though, their use has decreased in the last two decades, natural products (NPs) remain a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Here, we developed an unbiased multidimensional profiling method to examine the activity of a set of 590 pure NPs on hum

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11

A, Pardini. "Chemical characterization of nutraceutical components in vegetable products." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1096315.

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Recent interest in reducing the environmental impact of agricultural and agro-industrial waste is leading to the development of innovative natural products with added healthy qualities, such as novel foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and biocides, containing bioactive compounds recovered from what is today considered waste. Presently, agricultural and agro-industrial residues have marginal use and they are often disposed in the fields or used as a source of energy with low enthalpy processes. In this framework, the main target of the thesis focused to maximize the recovery of bioactive molecul

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12

Ombete, Kenneth. "Preventing chemical product failure." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Ombete_09007dcc80706a6e.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30).

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13

Elliot, Mark. "An investigation of propellant stabiliser degradation products." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259888.

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Chemical stabilisers are incorporated into nitrate ester based propellant formulations to react with the initial propellant decomposition products, preventing the onset of autocatalytic deterioration of these energetic constituents. As a result of these interactions the stabiliser forms a number of derivatives. Sources of these propellant stabiliser degradation products are vital for investigating the course of propellant breakdown and for the validation of several established stability tests. Synthetic methodologies have been developed which yield targeted derivatives of diphenylamine via cat

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14

Arruda, Frommenwiler Débora. "Comprehensive high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting in quality control of herbal drugs, preparations and products." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671745.

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Quality control of herbals has its roots in the study of morphoanatomic and organoleptic characters. Nevertheless, in the last century, with the evolution of analytical chemistry, the quality control rapidly evolved from elementary tests to the use of sophisticated instruments combined with software for data management. In the current days, many authorities and organizations recommend a suite of tests, featuring many of these instruments, to evaluate quality of herbal products. HPTLC offers a comprehensive set of data that can be used not only for identification but also to evaluate the purity

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15

Demers, Danielle H. "Chemical Investigations of Fungal Natural Products for Drug Discovery." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6825.

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Natural products have, historically, played an important role in drug discovery. Nevertheless, drug resistance, pathogen evolution, and global climate change threaten human health and nearly all current anti-infective treatments on the market today. It is undeniable that new drug discovery efforts are needed with increasing urgency. Bolstered by a rich history of discovering treatments in the world around us, natural products chemists continue to look to the environment with increasing understanding and emerging technologies that allow efficient, effective isolation of new chemical entities. T

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16

Nako, Ndikho. "Chemical studies on some natural products from Myrothamnus flabellifolius." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4701.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Crude extracts from Myrothamnus flabellifolius were fractionated through variouschromatography techniques in order to achieve satisfactory separations. Two compounds, arbutin and lupeol, were isolated from the butanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. Structural elucidation of the compounds was carried out on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was the first time that lupeol had been isolated from M. flabellifolius.The water extract was found to contain heterogeneous pectic polysaccharides. Three polysaccharide fractions were separa

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17

Wong, Frederick C. H. "Chemical equilibrium analysis of combustion products at constant volume." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63581.pdf.

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18

Dutta, Sanjay. "Novel chemical mechanisms of DNA damage by natural products." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5963.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 20, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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19

Elsayed, Somayah Sameer. "Chemical characterisation of microbial natural products from underexplored habitats." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227107.

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20

Clark, Peter. "Towards in-situ characterisation of formulated products." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6973/.

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Recently, the ability to characterise a formulated product during its manufacture has become very desirable due to the importance of maintaining control over its structure and electro-mechanical properties. The fields of process tomography and spectroscopy are set to play an important role in new technologies yielding in-situ characterisation of a product during chemical processing. This study has investigated such techniques with the aim to apply these tools to a relevant Johnson Matthey manufacturing line. Water, being a high di-electric, can be detected at very low concentrations using Elec

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21

Greene, Sarah Marsden. "Non-Timber Forest Products Marketing Systems and Market Players in Southwest Virginia: A Case Study of Craft, Medicinal and Herbal, Specialty Wood, and Edible Forest Products." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36523.

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Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important in rural southwest Virginia as a source of household sustenance and supplemental income. The trade in NTFPs from this region is centuries old and now helps supply growing worldwide demands. Although marketing is a vital part of optimizing the value of these products, it has been ignored in rural natural resource development. This research analyzes marketing systems for selected NTFPs in southwest Virginia by describing marketing chains, interpreting data on important marketing elements, and comparing results within and between different groups

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22

Laasonen, Magali. "Near infrared spectroscopy : a quality control tool for the different steps in the manufacture of herbal medicinal products." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/farma/vk/laasonen/.

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23

Chu, Jingsong. "Characterization of the micro injection molding process and its products." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66656.

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A micro-injection molding machine was used to obtain micro-moldings of high density polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, and polycarbonate, in order to characterize the process dynamics, and to investigate the effects of processing conditions on microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. A data acquisition system was implemented to obtain traces of data regarding the evolution of process variables with time. Six characteristic process parameters (CPPs) and metering size were used to characterize both the cavity filling and packing stages. The method of design o

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24

Zhang, Shengfu. "Characterisation of hydrocracking potentials of primary coal liquefaction products." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281763.

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25

Arayarat, Pornthip. "Refractory products based on the pore reduced cement technique." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245256.

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The present study was aimed at an investigation of the use of the pore reduced cement (PRC) technique on the fabrication and properties of calcium aluminate-based refractories. Physical and chemical performances were compared with those of conventionally prepared (unpressed) refractory castables. The influence of firing on two types of calcium aluminate cements; (Ciment Fondu and Secar 80), mixed with aggregates such as firebrick and alpha-alumina, were observed. Most of the pressed samples based on Ciment Fondu cracked and melted during firing to 1250<sup>o</sup>C. Pressed samples based on Se

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26

Chen, Jhong-Min. "Chemoenzymatic Studies to Enhance the Chemical Space of Natural Products." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/48.

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Natural products provide some of the most potent anticancer agents and offer a template for new drug design or improvement with the advantage of an enormous chemical space. The overall goal of this thesis research is to enhance the chemical space of two natural products in order to generate novel drugs with better in vivo bioactivities than the original natural products. Polycarcin V (PV) is a gilvocarcin-type antitumor agent with similar structure and comparable bioactivity with the principle compound of this group, gilvocarcin V (GV). Modest modifications of the polyketide-derived tetracycli

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27

Park, Jae Hyun. "Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Hydroxylated Pyrrolidines." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1921.

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This thesis contains two parts. The first part describes the synthesis of orthogonally protected L-2,3-cis-3,4-trans-DHP 1.44 in eleven steps starting from L-arabinose via double displacement of bis-mesylate 2,8. The second part describes the synthesis of the spiroacetal fragment of the alkaloid broussonetine H. (±)-2-(3-Bromopropyl)-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (3.38) was prepared in nine steps from 1,4- butanediol (1.49), propargyl bromide (3.33) and δ-valerolactone (1.51). Enantioenriched material, namely (2S)-2-(3-bromopropyl)-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (4.2) was synthesized in thirteen st

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28

Khonthu, Tsepang. "Investigation of the flotation behaviour of ball mill and IsaMill products." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10979.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Valuable minerals that are used in various aspects of everyday life are buried in fossilised storages below the ground in the earth's crust. These minerals are mined as rocks which then have to be crushed in order to liberate these minerals of value. The liberated valuable minerals have to be winnowed from the rock powder. Flotation is the main process which is used in mineral processing to recover valuable minerals. This process uses the differences in surface properties of particles to separate hydrophobic particles from hydrophilic ones. The strong re

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29

Venclavičiūtė, Inga. "Augalinės kilmės preparatų vartojimas savigydai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140630_134353-68878.

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Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti, kokiais vaistiniais augalais ir jų preparatais dažniausiai gydosi Telšių rajono gyventojai. Darbo uždaviniai. 1. Apžvelgti literatūrą apie vaistinius augalus, jų preparatus ir vartojimą savigydos tikslais. 2. Apklausti vaistinės klientus ir apibendrinti anketų atsakymų rezultatus, atsižvelgiant į pasiskirstymą tarp lyčių. 3. Išsiaiškinti dažniausiai pasitaikančius negalavimus ir jų gydymą savigydos būdu vaistiniais augalais ar jų preparatais. 4. Nustatyti, kas lemia augalinio preparato pasirinkimą. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimo objektas – UAB „Nemuno vaistinė“ vaistinių, es

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30

Michael, Paul J. "Studies of clay minerals and their decomposition products." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9813/.

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Mõssbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of five coals revealed the presence of pyrite, illite, kaolinite and Quartz, together with other minor phases. Analysis of the coal ashes indicated the formation of hematite and an Fe (3+) paramagnetic phase, the latter resulting from .the dehydroxylation of the clay minerals during ashing at 700 to 750 C. By using a combination of several physicochemical methods, different successive stages of dehydroxylation, structural consolidation, and recrystallisation of illite, montmorillonite and hectorite upon thermal treatment to 1300 C were investigated.

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31

Wheatley, Robert Alan. "Aldehydic lipid peroxidation products : flow analysis using spectrophotometry and chemiluminescence." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363331.

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32

Arnott, Iain. "Solvent extraction of fermentation products using electrostatic and centrifugal fields." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1465.

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33

Mylchreest, Iain C. "Studies of natural products using supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375977.

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34

Brown, Lea Dalby. "Analysis and activity of extracts and constituents from Echinacea purpurea : perspectives for evaluation of herbal medicinal products : PhD thesis /." Cph. : The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2005. http://www.dfuni.dk/index.php/Lea_Dalby_Brown/1762/0/.

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35

Hagos, Selam. "Chemical Investigation of Bioactive Marine Extracts." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7301.

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Natural products have been a fundamental source of medicinal scaffolds for decades; with sixty percent of marketed drugs. Many synthetic chemists are focused on synthesizing potent and nontoxic compounds for pharmaceutical targets, however, nature is still proving to be a source of new bioactive compounds. Produced by the host organism for defense, reproduction and communication, secondary metabolites also demonstrate promising bioactivity against human pathogens. Hence, natural product chemists continue their quest for new leads. As a continuation

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36

Dinh, Kimberly T. (Kimberly Tam). "Catalytic conversion of methane to partially oxidized products over copper-exchanged zeolites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130190.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, September, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-169).<br>The selective conversion of methane to liquid oxygenated compounds is a grand challenge in catalysis. Although natural gas can be processed industrially in large-scale facilities, new catalytic processes are required that economically directly convert methane to liquid products in small-scale units to exploit highly abundant but difficult-to-access gas reserves. Our group recently

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37

Ramsey, E. D. "Studies of pharmaceutical products and peptides by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482906.

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38

Poland, Keith R. "The fractionation of dextran polymer by ultrafiltration to yield clinical products." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10223/.

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A review of ultrafiltration (UF) theory and equipment has been made. Dextran is fractionated industrially by ethanol precipitation, which is a high energy intensive process. The aims of this work were to investigate the fractionation of dextran using UF and to compare the efficiency and costs of UF fractionation with ethanol fractionation. This work is the continuation of research conducted at Aston, which was concerned with the fractionation of dextran using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and hollow fibre UF membranes supplied by Amicon Ltd. Initial laboratory work centred on determining

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39

Li, Hang, and n/a. "Chemical investigations of Natural Products from Australian Marine Sponge-Derived Fungi." Griffith University. Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20081103.091038.

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This thesis described the chemical investigations of natural products from Australian marine sponge-derived fungi. Sponge samples were collected from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, by Queensland Museum. The thesis is divided into eight chapters and can be devided into two major parts. The first three chapters comprised the first part of the thesis: Chapter 1 outlined the research background, literature review of marine fungal secondary metabolites; Chapter 2 introduced fungal culture and storage background knowledge, and the list of isolated marine fungal strains. Chapter 3 int

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40

Marshall, James William. "Chemical arguments shedding light on the biosynthesis of curious natural products." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550318.

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The study of biosynthesis is fascinating and with progression in molecular biology, understanding of the field is advancing rapidly. Underpinning all areas of biosynthetic research however, is natural product chemistry. The isolation and characterisation of compounds provides the answers to the questions posed by molecular biology and genetics. Isotopic labelling studies also remain fundamental to the identification of biosynthetic pathways, linking compound structures to genes. The biosynthesis of a multipotent stilbene ST 1, produced by a symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, is stud

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Li, Hang. "Chemical investigations of Natural Products from Australian Marine Sponge-Derived Fungi." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367548.

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This thesis described the chemical investigations of natural products from Australian marine sponge-derived fungi. Sponge samples were collected from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, by Queensland Museum. The thesis is divided into eight chapters and can be devided into two major parts. The first three chapters comprised the first part of the thesis: Chapter 1 outlined the research background, literature review of marine fungal secondary metabolites; Chapter 2 introduced fungal culture and storage background knowledge, and the list of isolated marine fungal strains. Chapter 3 int

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42

ZACCARIA, VINCENZO. "Chemical composition and nutraceutical properties of beehive products: focus on propolis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1214894.

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43

Batwal, Ramesh U. "Studies on chemical and chemoenzymatic total synthesis of bioactive natural products." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2015. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2032.

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44

Hwang, In Hyun. "Chemical investigations of fungicolous and coprophilous fungi." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5950.

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In spite of significant shortcomings among existing clinical antifungal agents, the rate of development of new therapeutics has been sluggish, and the mortality rate caused by fungal diseases has remained almost unchanged. Natural products have provided useful templates for the development of several of the most important therapeutic antifungal agents. In particular, fungi have been rich sources of antifungal natural products, and many fungal species remain chemically underexplored. Our research program has focused on fungicolous and coprophilous fungal niche groups. These types of fungi often

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45

Al-Besharah, Jasem M. "The effect of blending on selected physical properties of crude oils and their products." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9701/.

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A study was made of the effect of blending practice upon selected physical properties of crude oils, and of various base oils and petroleum products, using a range of binary mixtures. The crudes comprised light, medium and heavy Kuwait crude oils. The properties included kinematic viscosity, pour point, boiling point and Reid vapour pressure. The literature related to the prediction of these properties, and the changes reported to occur on blending, was critically reviewed as a preliminary to the study. The kinematic viscosity of petroleum oils in general exhibited non-ideal behaviour upon ble

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46

Beck, Jonathan R. "Collision velocity dependence of products formed via surface induced dissociation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025601.

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47

Van, Dyk Lizelle Doreen. "The production of granular activated carbon from agricultural waste products." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52003.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Peach and apricot shells are agricultural waste products. These waste products accumulate around canneries and food-processing plants in South Africa. No effort is being made to utilise these waste products. This study is the first part of the product development from these products i.e. peach shell activated carbon and apricot shell activated carbon. By producing activated carbon from peach and apricot shells the solid waste problem is addressed, but most of all a profit can be made. But why activated carbon? Activat

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48

Surman, Peter William John. "Novel Products from Pentachlorocyclopropane: A Synthetic and Structural Investigation." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2121.

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Primary and secondary amines react with pentachlorocyclopropane to form a variety of novel products. Amidines, allyl and cyclopropenyl cations are easily reached by these reactions. The 1,1,3,3-tetra-aminoallyl cations of this series can be reversibly protonated at C(2) to give diamidinium ions. Action of KOH on the diamidinium species CH2[C(NHBut)2]2 2+ produces the diamidine CH2[C(NBut)(NHBut)]2 which hydrolyses to the formamidine CH(NBut)(NHBut). Bis- and tris-amino substituted Cyclopropenylium ions are formed by the action of secondary amines on pentachlorocyclopropane. The cations of this

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49

Ratcliffe, Giles Stuart. "NMR of heteroatomic structures of coal and coal products." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107456/.

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This thesis describes various applications of high field n.m.r. for the elucidation of coal structure, and concentrates on discovering the chemical environments of the heteroatoms in coal i.e. those elements other than carbon and hydrogen. Chapter 2 describes how hydroxyl groups may be converted to trimethyl siloxyl groups, observation of which by 29si n.m.r. allows one to determine the types of hydroxyl functionalities present in the original material. Such derivatization methods are well known. However trimethyl siloxyl groups give 29si resonances that have predictable chemical shifts and so

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Mills, Mary. "The early gas industry and its residual products in East London." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240777.

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