Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chine – Histoire – 18e siècle'
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Lafond, Jean-Philippe. "La bureaucratie impériale chinoise sous le regard jésuite aux 16e et 18e siècles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27227/27227.pdf.
Full textMarié, Éric. "La sphygmologie en Chine et en Europe des origines jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0001.
Full textThis research concerns a particular aspect of the history of medicine : sphygmology or diagnosis by the palpation of pulses. Its origin, its evolution, its theories and its practices are analysed in distinctive ways in both cultural areas, Europe and China, until the junction of their medical knowledges. Then, the author explores the circumstances and modalities of the transmission of the Chinese sphygmology to Europe, principally in the 17e and 18e centuries, and its influence on the thought and on the techniques of the western physicians of that time. At last, he does a comparative study between the different aspects of this discipline, in both areas of civilisation, based on the doctrinal aspects, on the methods and on the interpretation of the signs of health and illness
Luo, Tian. "La Chine théâtrale en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040011.
Full textFrom the end of the seventeenth century to the French Revolution, the “chinoiserie” and the passion for drama were developing in coexistence. Did these two social phenomena, lasting for almost one century, unite each other? Did they really influence the social life of France? We are naturally curious about such questions. It can be a quite good way to follow the relevant trails in the history of French theatre in order to trace out how China was apprehended by the French society. The interest about the others often reflects the inner preoccupation of the observer himself. When the French playwrights criticize or compliment China, they think rather of their own country. Therefore, the interpretation of China in the French theatre is the product not only of the information conveyed by the missionaries, the sailors and the merchants but also of the intense meditation about the French society, about its system and its rules. .
Zongo, Zenabou. "La vision des religions chinoises dans la France du XVIIIème siècle." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20023.
Full textChu, Hui Ming. "Tableau de la Chine au XVIIIe siècle dans les "Lettres édifiantes et curieuses"." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39033.
Full textThe letters and documents sent from china by french jesuits between 1699 and 1820 (lettres edifiantes et curieuses, published under the direction of m. L. Aime-martin, paris, 1843, t. Iii, and t. Iv), provide useful information on the chinese empire in the 18th century. These letters, which come from beijing as well as provincial capitals or other minor cities, reveal the attitude of missionaries as regards imperiam power. Not only are they indispensable for the awareness of christianism in these regions through the establishment of the catholic church, its development, the persecutions it underwent, but they also provide a unique contribution concerning various features of chinese history : 1) the emperer and his court, the central administration and the army, the local and provincial administration; 2) chinese religions traditions other religions existing in china (islam, judaism); 3) justice, courts and punishment; 4) education and schooling; 5) handcrafts, country life and economic crises; 6) aspects of social life, the organisation and role of the family. One notes particularly precise information on the scientific contribution in the fields of medicine, geography, astronomy and mathematics by jesuits sent from paris by the academie des sciences
Li, Shenwen. "Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/NQ36297.pdf.
Full textDéry, Carl. "La Chine face à l'Angleterre et la Russie aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles : évaluation comparative des attitudes de la dynastie Qing sous l'angle des modalités de l'actualisation frontalière." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26277.
Full textThis thesis proposes a comparative evaluation of Qing dynasty’s attitudes toward England and Russia during the 17th – 18th centuries. Historians have offered number of answers trying to explain why the Manchus have accepted to sign frontier agreements with Russia in 1689 and 1727 (Treaty of Nerchinsk and of Kiaktha) while refusing systematically to negotiate anything whatsoever with England during the Macartney Embassy of 1793. Instead of adding another voice to a type of research based on trying to find causes for the explanation of different attitudes, which are too often leading to essentializing Chinese culture and traditions, we’re trying to show how attitudes toward strangers are always rooted in contingencies and how they reproduce important similarities according to specific modalities. Those modalities are at the heart of a dynamic process of political self-identification that we call frontier actualization. This frontier actualization plays the crucial role of a filter separating and distinguishing the realm of the Inner and the Outer, and is to be found at the junction of territoriality and political legitimization. Through the lens of this dynamic filter, one can recognize that attitudes and strategies of the Qing dynasty toward strangers are reproducing the same pattern, according to the intensity of the distance toward central power and geopolitical complexities, rather than according to a prescribe set of rules and institutions, traditions, territory, events, and also the populations involved. Because diplomatic strategies are first rooted in the process of integrating peripheral populations, it is possible to recognize a similar pattern in the fluctuating attitudes toward England and Russia, but also toward Dzungars, Khalkhas, Holland, Solons, and even toward the Chinese population living on the different frontiers of the Empire.
Filliozat, Manonmani. "L'océan oriental : connaissances hydrographiques françaises aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4036.
Full textRoux, Pierre-Emmanuel. "La trinité antichrétienne : essai sur la proscription du catholicisme en Chine, en Corée et au Japon (XVIIe - XIXe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0087.
Full textSituated between local and regional history, this dissertation aims to rethink the proscription of Catholicism in China, Korea and Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. In our view, the repression of this religion goes beyond the idea of a supposed clash of civilizations between two antithetical civilizations, Europe and Asia. Our main idea is that the historical trajectory of Catholicism in East Asia was merely the result of much more complex relations involving China, Korea, Japan, Western missionaries and local converts. The attitude of intellectual and political elite~ toward this religion resulted not only from domestic issues, but also from reciprocal influences and particular perceptions of antichristian measures adopted in neighboring countries. Placed under the banner of crossed history, these considerations will allow us to consider the history of Catholicism in East Asia as a whole, and to illustrate the dynamics of exchanges within this sinicized cultural area
Wang, Frédéric. "Le néo-confucianisme mis en examen : la pensée de Wang Tinxiang (1474-1544)." Paris, INALCO, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAL0004.
Full textThis study about the life and thought of one of the main thinkers of the Ming period, Wang Tingxiang (1474-1544), essentially discusses his thesis about the foundation of phenomenal world and about Human Nature. The author, who is rarely studied in the West, and who belongs by direct lineage to the Confucian and Neo-Confucian traditions, draws his inspiration from Zhang Zai (1020-1078) and paves the way for Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692). He relies on the Monism of Ether to criticise Zhu Xi's Monism of Principe. He therefore elaborates the notion of Original Ether as synonymous of the Supreme Ultimate and the Substance of the Tao. For Wang Tingxiang, all Human Nature is physical: there is no Nature of Heaven, as in the case in Song Neo-Confucianism. His philosophical positions are thus based on the examination of Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism, to which he gives his own answer. This work builds his biography from the existing sources and analysis his though in its historical context, as well as in relation with the history of Chinese thought as a whole
Yan, Xiaolei. "Dire la Chine en français : ses représentations dans des dictionnaires et encyclopédies (1627-1877)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR006.
Full textThe cultural history study of dictionaries has opened a new field for the research of representations. A retrospection of the extended meaning of the french word “chinois” led us to the present work about representations of China in french dictionaries. With the cultural history of dictionaries as the main theoretical framework, we have studied nine dictionaries whose publication dates cover 250 years. Through observations and analyzes on the formation, the change and the transmission of representations of China, we have uncovered complex influences of multiple factors about the dictionaries on representations, and the significant effect over time of dictionaries on the formation of stereotypes concerning China in the french language
Desbiens, Frédérick. "Le rôle des cinq jésuites Mathématiciens de Louis XIV en Chine aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26185.
Full textLa France du XVIIe siècle s’ouvre sur le monde et Louis XIV pose son regard sur l’Asie. Point important du développement politique et économique des puissants royaumes d’Europe, plusieurs régions asiatiques figurent au centre des ambitions politiques et économiques des royautés européennes, dont le Japon, l’Inde et la Chine. Dans l’objectif de servir les désirs d’expansion du roi français, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) orchestre une mission en Asie, avec comme principal but, l’établissement de missionnaires jésuites français en Chine. Ces ardents religieux et intellectuels aguerris ont pour mandat de contribuer à l’édification de l’Église de Chine par la diffusion du christianisme et le développement d’un clergé français. De plus, les jésuites français, membres de l’Académie royale des sciences de Paris, ont pour mission d’étudier la Chine en profondeur et parfaire les connaissances européennes de ce pays lointain en divers domaines, notamment pour la géographie, les sciences, la politique, la faune et la flore, l’urbanisme, la langue et biens d’autres sujets. Enfin, les missionnaires doivent représenter la France auprès de l’empereur Kangxi dans l’objectif de développer des relations diplomatiques entre les deux royaumes.
Lo, Shih-Lung. "La Chine dans le théâtre français du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030030/document.
Full textFrom 1789 to 1905, China is one of the most exotic topics represented on the French theater stage. This China can evoke the imagination inherited from the eighteenth-century “chinoiseries” taste. And moreover, it witnesses the nineteenth-century Sino-French socio-political events, which are never detached from the rising colonialism or even the Orientalism.This work attempts to build up a repertoire of Chinese-subject plays, and to analyze the production and the reception of the Chinese image on the French theatre stage during the nineteenth century. The corpus of the entire repertoire can be divided into three categories: the French playwright’s creation, the plays translated or adapted from Chinese literary works, and the performances given by Chinese actors. Chronologically organized, each chapter in this work follows the decisive Sino-French bilateral events. The first three chapters examine the Chinese and Oriental elements which have been applied to the French theatre in the previous centuries, and which are reinvented and appropriated under the influence of Sinology, a new scientific discipline institutionalized in the first half of the nineteenth century. The last three chapters develop with the two Opium Wars, the Sino-French War in Vietnam, the Boxer’s rebellion, as well as the birth of the concept of the “yellow peril.”For the playwrights and the artists, this “China” is therefore familiar but strange, approachable but intangible, cliché but ever-changing, exhausted but exploitable. All these contradictions contribute to create a kaleidoscopic China on the French theatre stage
Gautier, Gérard. "Domination, institution, et identité : le mouvement Taiping et la Chine du XIXème siècle." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676281.
Full textLefebvre, Éric. "La collection de Ruan Yuan (1764-1849) : un cas de transmission du patrimoine culturel en Chine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040051.
Full textAs a scholar and an official, Ruan Yuan is a prominent figure of the late Qing dynasty (1644-1911). His collection of artifact, which focuses mainly on antiques like ritual bronzes, bricks and tiles, is shaped by the traditions of Chinese epigraphy or jinshi xue. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the analysis of the collection. Its typology and formation reflect the scientific approach of antiques adopted by Ruan Yuan. His methods, which rely on the recent developments in phonology, are related to the rise of the evidential research school or kaozheng xue in XVIIIth century China. Besides this scientific approach, collected artifacts, especially stones, are also considered as objects of delectation which can be transformed into inkstones or screens which reflect the imagination of their owner. The second part of the dissertation describes how Ruan Yuan’s collecting practices are part of a larger process of conservation and transmission of cultural relics. The methods of collation of texts used to realize encyclopedia have been adapted by Ruan Yuan to publish the ancient inscriptions on metal and stone from the provinces where he served as an official. His use of conservation techniques, like the mounting of paintings, and of reproduction techniques, like the rubbing or carving of steles, allowed to preserve originals and to spread their images among scholars. Beyond the transmission of his own collection, mainly conceived as a family legacy, the creation of libraries in famous temples, which exceeded the boundaries of private property, is an important step toward the assertion of a modern definition of cultural heritage in China
Chircop-Reyes, Laurent. "Entre marchands et brigands : une ethnohistoire des maîtres-escortes en Chine du Nord (XVIIIe - début XXe siècles) : du corps social aux savoirs du corps." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0409.
Full textThis research concerns the emergence and the decline of the “escort-masters”, biaoshi 镖师, as well as the evolution of their practices in relation to the trading world of Northern China (18th early 20th). The escort-masters were organised around private societies called “escort companies”, biaoju 镖局. They were responsible for the transport of goods (for ex. money (tael), salt, silk, tea). They were also in charge of protecting the traders, who were victims of plunder from brigands during their journeys. These traders came from Shanxi Province and are called Jinshang 晋商. The escort companies were structured around the transmission of clannish alchemical, ritual and martial traditions still transmitted and practised in present-day. For this reason, these practices are, in my dissertation, the subject of an in-depth study. One of the main lineages involved in the biaoju was the tradition xingyiquan 形意拳 (“Form-Mind [combat] Techniques”) created by Shanxi escort groups in the second part of the 19th c. The description of the interactional logic between the groups concerned may reveal new fields of understanding about the phenomenon of escort companies. In addition, it may reveal how the evolution from caravan convoys into guarding residences activities has played a key role in the process of transforming techniques and modes of transmission. The combination of the ethnographic method (testimonies), archival research, as well as an analysis of primary and secondary textual sources (including narratives), gives this study a historical and social depth, which should help shed new light on the relationship between Shanxi local ritual and martial traditions, brigandage and trade
Muhlheim, Laurence. "Deux siècles de protestantisme en Chine : Missions, indigénisation et défis." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20131.
Full textThis thesis examines the conditions of implementation, dissemination and acclimatization of Protestantism in China from the appearance of the first Protestant missions to the present. It traces, in the long run, the way the communities have become self-governing and have specified the criteria of independence. The most dynamic and promising future is in the house church movement, strongly impregnated with evangelical and Pentecostal theology dating back to the 19th century faith missions, themselves derived from Anglo-Saxon revivals. Each chapter illustrates one of the great moments that have punctuated the history of Chinese Protestantism, with the aim of integrating these periods and their actors in a global dynamic, in order to show that the protestant acculturation was realised in only several decades. The chronological sequences (missions, autonomy process, revivals, communism, creation of a state church, etc.) hastened Protestantism to take roots as a popular religion. Patriarchs of the Chinese church became icons by resisting the communist government repression. The vitality of the house church movement resides in the will of the various networks to harmonize their theology for the purpose of a transnational missionary project
Chabaille, Fleur. "La concession française de Tianjin : une histoire connectée de l 'expansion des concessions étrangères en Chine (1846-1946)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20153.
Full textThis thesis aims to further clarify the territorial deployment of foreign settlements in China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the period examined extends from 1846 to the retrocession of the last concessions in 1946, special emphasis is placed on the 1910s, a decade which spelled the end of expansionist logic. The first part analyzes the project of expansion led by the French Municipality of Tianjin from 1902 to 1946 in the Laoxikai District 老西開. This symbolic example serves both as pillar and springboard for writing a connected history of the expansion of foreign settlements. The case study on Tianjin provides a clearer analysis that encompasses Shanghai and Hankou in the second part. Establishing a perspective on the three cities reveals the principles and conditions under which foreign imperialism evolved in China, where mutually competing forces played leading roles. Further, it captures and illustrates the mechanisms of exchange and compromise engaged with Chinese officials and urban citizens. It also discloses the difficult position and weakness of the Chinese State before and after the 1911 Revolution, and the complexity of the relationship between national and local authorities. Finally, it offers a unique vantage point from which to observe sections of Chinese society within the treaty ports whose forms of expression and protest experienced a significant turning point in the 1910s. Relationships between these intertwined evolutions challenge both the dominant historiographical narrative on Western triumphant imperialism and orthodox representations associated with Chinese "modern" nationalism
Tan, Fang. "La Poétique de la nouvelle fantastique française du tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles et l'enseignement du français dans les universités chinoises." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030083.
Full textBy its short form and its fascinating content, the French fantastic short story proves itself particularly appropriate to the class of FLE. However, it doesn’t play any role in French teaching in the Chinese universities. This research aims to propose to Chinese teachers of French the introduction of some French fantastic short stories in the class of FLE and to give them some ideas for working with these texts. In this perspective, we try to investigate in the present thesis the fantastic works of some French authors, among them Maupassant, Barbey d’Aurevilly, Villiers de L’Isle-Adam, Jean Lorrain, Marcel Schwob, Apollinaire, in order to sketch a poetics of the French fantastic short story at the turn of the XIXe and XXe centuries and to establish a teaching methodology of fantastic texts in the class of FLE. We consider that teaching activities should be organized for the purpose of the acquisition of linguistic, cultural competence and the fostering of the intercultural competence of the Chinese learners of French
Zhang, Qiang. "Molière en Chine : étude de l'histoire de la traduction et de l'adaptation de ses pièces de théâtre." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC153/document.
Full textBased on the Polysystem Theory of Itamar Even-Zohar, this thesis aims to study the translation and adaptation of Molière’s theatre plays in China. The purpose of the author is to focus on the influence of the socio-historical factors in the transmission of the works of the great French playwriter in China, and identify the dominant traits of the translation and adaptation of each era. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part, after a preview of the first encounter between the western theater and the Chinese public in the late 19th and early 20th century, is dedicated to the study of the first Chinese version of the play L’Avare. Then, the Chinese translation of Molière’s works in the modern era (between 1919 and 1949) is considered in terms of two questions: why the translators during the New Culture Movement couldn’t resist the literalist temptation, and why this strategy has given way to adaptation in the next decades? The last part focuses on the fate of the Molière’s plays in contemporary China. Molière’s comedies were first promoted by the regime to the rank of literary canon before being entirely excluded from the Chinese scene during the Cultural Revolution. With the end of political disorder, his plays have aroused interest among the Chinese public, and have encouraged new translations or adaptations
Fu, Xiaoqian. "L'architecture chinoise dans la pensée des jésuites du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082963.
Full text18th century Europe already knew about Chinese architecture through the drawings shown on the manufactured goods that had been sent in for long. Since the end of the 17th century, the detailed reports from the Jesuits living in China allowed the introduction of Chinese art into Europe, in a more complete and precise way. We can divide this introduction into three chronological periods: The first one is a period of reject, of misunderstanding due to the superficiality of the sketches about Chinese architecture, represented by Father Louis Le Comte and other first Jesuits in China. The second period shows, to certain extend a better acceptation of Chinese architecture. The presentations done by the Jesuits, although neutral, open the way to an orientalistic wave in Europe. Father Attiret is representative of this period. As soon as his letter is published, in 1747, Europe's interest grows on Chinese gardens, particularly Yuan Ming Yuan. His letter contributes then to the creation of parks and gardens "in the Chinese way" all over Europe. The third period is characterized by the works of Jesuits who stayed in China as long as the second part of the 18th century, mainly those who contributed to the "Mémoires concernant des chinois". Father Cibot is the most brilliant author about architecture, with his theory on the Chinese garden. His translation of a poem by Sima Guang shows the manner used by lettered Chinese people to create their own gardens, while deepens the European people's approach to the subject
Weber, Anne. "Missionnaires et chrétientés en Chine au XVIIIe siècle : l''exemple de la mission du SICHUAN (années 1730-1760): autour du journal du prêtre chinois André Li et la correspondance missionnaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070048.
Full textIn this work we aim to study the attitude of the missionaries and Christians in 18 Century's Szechwan (China), who had to cope with prosecutions, and the organisation of the mission in such a difficult context. We also study the specificities of the Christian religion in Szechwan, its progression and the important action of the Chinese priests -particularly Andrew Li, whose diary we have integrally studied and partly translated - in the mission
Liu, Chiu-Lan. "Les couleurs sur les porcelaines de cour pendant les règnes de Kangxi (1662-1722) et de Qianlong (1736-1795)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040019.
Full textDuring the 18th century it was an important element to control the culture for consolidation of the Manchu authority. The emperors Kangxi and Qianlong wanted at the same time to be protectors and amateurs of Chinese art. They tried to show that their taste for art was better than that of others. For this reason, the porcelains' colours became an important element for the emperor. The first part of this thesis uses the results of U. S. A. And Shanghai laboratories's to study the porcelain's chemical composition. We could find the chemical evolution from ceramic to porcelain (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and TiO2). The papers of Father d'Entrecolles, Tang Ying and Song Yingxing were also used to complete the chemical source. The artisans' techniques and know-how allows to recognise the different periods of the porcelain. The presentations of royal workshop's and patterns on the porcelain and Jingdezhen's factory have been studied by many thesis and articles. They will not be repeated in this thesis. The object of this study is the colours on the royal porcelain during the 17th and the 18th century. For this reason, the second part researches the colours used by the emperor's court: local colours as well as European colours and their role and meaning in the royal court and Chinese society. We classified the colours by the different families. The colours' chemical composition, their mineral pigments used, the methods for making them are the principle subjects for part III. We also compare the Manchu court's and European colours to analyse the possible influence in this domain given by the European catholic missionaries in Peking. The European missionaries' contribution is not only limited to the colours. We know they worked in the same workshops with Chinese artists and painters had to work according to the emperor's taste. It became a special style in the paintings of the court
Wang, Françoise. "Ksitigarbha en Chine (du VIe siècle au XIIIe siècle) : genèse d'un culte populaire." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070035.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study the formation of the cult of Ksitigarbha and its development up to the 13th century. In the first chapter, the first sutra where this bodhisattva is mentionned, are presented and analysed, on this basis, we express the opinion that the origin of this cult must be found in central Asia. The importance of the notion of decline of the law is emphasized. We also show the role played by the school of the three degree a in the sinisation of this cult. The second chapter is based essentially on the manuscripts from Dunhuang. Some collections of popular stories have also been used. The study of thee materials shows that the devotion to Ksitigarbha was integrated in the practices of the school of pure land. Several ceremonies such as fast days, funerals especially those, which are associated with the ten kings are presented. The third chapter, devoted to iconography, has for main purpose to search confirmation for the conclusions made at the end of the analysis of scriptural authorities. Some new materials are given through the study of the rupestral center of Sichuan. More than 40 places are given as illustrations
Yang, Lei. "Esprit d’indépendance et libre pensée : les Lumières françaises face à la Chine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA137.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the examination of the image of China in France in the Enlightenment and dialogue between two civilizations, East and West. The analysis of literary, philosophical and historical and archival documents to discover the enthusiasm for China in the Enlightenment, why Voltaire and Montesquieu interested in this distant country, the role of missionaries Catholics in China at that time. The French thinkers do not just dedicate their works to the philosopher and Chinese civilization, they propose concrete measures to implement their ideas. In this paradoxical dialogue they invent China to change France.This research aims to compare French and Chinese philosophical approaches to understand how the dissemination of the philosophy of Confucius in Europe is the development of ideas of independence and free thought
Lin, Zhi Hong. "L'intention de la représentation du paysage : étude des jades de style paysager de l'ère Qianlong (1736-1795)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040329.
Full textKosmatou, Eftychia. "La population des Iles Ioniennes (18e-19e siècle)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010503.
Full textCastagnet, Hervé. "Le vieillard au 18ème siècle." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M220.
Full textSeriu, Naoko. "Faire un soldat : une histoire des hommes à l'épreuve de l'institution militaire (XVIIIe s.)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0026.
Full textEntering into a vast movement of reforms in the second half of the XVIIIth century, the French army demonstrates its willingness to shape soldiers. Our analysis will first focus on this institution's new concern that appears in the opinions of officers. Debates about desertion, rewards or drill pave the way for a new line of separation between deserter and soldier, whose esteem has to be enhanced, and whose body has to be straightened up. When an individual enlists, what trials will he undergo to meet the norms and get accepted in this new worls? The cross-questionings of deserters allow us to analyze military life from the point of view of the individuals. Hierarchical violence, separation from family, conflicts with comrades are as many patterns generating the sufferong of soldiers. Speeches on soldiers, speeches from soldiers are echoing to shed light on the running of the institution
Rey, Christine. "État des connaissances médicales au XVIIIème siècle." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11147.
Full textKerlan, Anne. "Traduction et commentaire d'un texte sur la peinture chinoise : Fang Xun (1736-1799)et son "Shanjingju hualun." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070093.
Full textThis thesis examines the Chinese painter Fang Xun (1736-1799) and the text he authored and published, the "Shanjingiu hualun". The first section approaches Fang Xun, a Zhejiang painter with close ties to Jiangnan literati circles, from a biographical perspective, placing him in the context of his times and milieu. An illustrated catalog of his work is included. Fang Xun is revealed as emblematic of the professional painter of the late 18th century literati ; likewise, although his painting belongs to a tradition considered Orthodox, its variety in terms of repertoire and style is characteristic of the period. The "Shanjingiu hualun", never before translated in an occidental language, is then presented unabridged and with commentary, based on the two known versions of the text. The comentary views the text in relation both to earlier texts known to Fang Xun, and to the work of his contemporaries. Other aspects of Fang Xun's opus are explored which reveal its value : the views of a professional appear alongside those of a theorician, which makes this a non-negligible document concerning both technical aspects of painting (particularly flower painting) and debates then current in the milieu of cultured professional painters. The "Shanjingju hualun" thus serves as an exceptional witness to the painterly theory and prctice of the period. In the third section, descriptions left by Fang Xun of some 30 paintings, of which some still exist and were described by eminent literari, give rise to in-depth reflection on the role of the description of painting in Chinese visual culture. The annexes present all documents (texts and illustrations) available to the author on the life and work (both text and visual) of Fang Xun
Vigneron, Frank. "Académiciens et lettrés : analyse comparative de la théorie picturale du 18e siècle en Chine et en Europe." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040230.
Full textThis study considers theoretical texts written par Chinese and European painters in the 18th century. Their comparison should clarify the differences and similarities between two very developed artistic traditions that have grown very differently. The first part is dedicated to the study and contextualization of these texts within the history of painting and the history of art theory of the time. The second part is dedicated to the following comparative themes : Language : translation problems ; Regional schools and national culture ; Who writes for whom ? Themes of painting ; Literature and painting ; Corpses and monsters ; Eroticism and nude ; Landscape ; Brush ; Portrait and figures ; History and relationship with the past ; Beauty, Taste, and Sublime ; Artist and Craftsman, Parergon. The general conclusion is an attempt to clarify the epistemological circumstances that have allowed Chinese court painters in the 18th century to adopt ideas to their own episteme
Xu, Chong. "Construction d’une administration de sécurité : défense et maintien de l’ordre public dans la Concession française de Shanghai, 1849-1919." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0011.
Full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on a question that has been little studied by the historiography of modern China but that is nevertheless fundamental to the understanding of imperialism in the modern history of this nation. By positioning itself at the intersection of three historiographical camps that are connected and yet distinct—urban history, the history of empires, and the history of the forces of law and order—this thesis will seek to emphasise the idea that the circulation of the skills and knowledge-base of a modern state were an example of “statecraft” within the city of Shanghai, which occupied an intermediary position between the European empires and the Chinese state. The primary focus of the thesis is the issue of defence and the maintenance of public order in the French Concession of Shanghai as being indicative of the relations that existed between the French and local authorities, the possible tensions between the empires, the administrative hierarchy of the French Empire on the ground, and the distribution of the power of military command between the civil and military authorities. The objective is to shed light on the shaping of the municipal administration of Shanghai before the establishment of the Kuomintang municipal authority in 1927 on three levels: what form did relations between the three municipalities within the city take? How did the French authorities build a security administration on the ground? Lastly, how did this security administration respond to the challenges of war and military conflict?
Baby, Luc. "Le marché de la carrosserie à Paris dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle à travers les "affiches annonces et avis divers" : l'approche d'une industrie de luxe, de corps de métiers variés, de la société, et des rapports avec les carrossiers des pays européens." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30057.
Full textThe success of the carriage market in the second half of that century in Paris can, in part, and despite its limitations, be put down to advertising by posters “Affiches de Paris”. This de luxe product made up of new designs and some good fortune, continued its upward progression during those times when the ‘Elite’ were growing richer and the soft top (cabriolet) coach was being developed, only to be followed by total collapse of the industry at the commencement of the French Revolution. The manufacture was the subject to German imports and influences followed by English and also Italian and Belgian ideas. Its export business was founded on the excellent reputation of French coach bodywork builders. This market covered all types of coaches which were appropriate to demands made by social lifestyles, safety, gracefulness and encompassed the latest fashion. Buyers and sellers over the years have included everyone from kings and other royalty to the newly wealthy middle classes. It is a product made by specialist tradesmen and master craftsmen who since 1770 have developed highly specialist workshops. This market has witnessed the evolution of a luxury product into a badge of honour of the decorative arts (or art-deco)
Bernez, Marie-Odile. "La médecine et son image en Grande-Bretagne : 1700-1755." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL020.
Full textThis thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine the structure of the medical world and the development of theory and therapeutic practices in Great-Britain at the beginning of the eighteenth century, as well as how doctors, diseases and remedies are represented in the works of Fielding and Hogarth and in the Gentlman's magazine. Concentrating particularly on the medical writing of Cheyne and Mead, Chambers' Cyclopaedia and the Philosophical transactions, and on major illnesses, such as small pox, consumption, syphilis, hysteria and scurvy
Tajadod, Nahal. "Eloge de la Sainte Trinité : le nestorianisme en Chine sous les Tangs et les Mongols (VIIe-XIIIe siècle)Précédé d'une étude sur les premiers traducteurs bouddhistes en Chine (IIe-Ve siècle)." Paris, INALCO, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAL0012.
Full textViellard, Stéphane. "Le proverbe en Russie (XVIIIe siècle) : espace discursif et enjeu idéologique." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31002.
Full textMeng, Hua. "Voltaire et la Chine." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040068.
Full textThe history and civilization of ancient China can be traced back to remote antiquity. In the eighteen century, there arose general admiration of the Chinese civilization in Europe, which considerably influenced a certain number of writers in the age of enlightenment among whom there was Voltaire. The evolution of Voltaire’s attitude toward China can be divided into three principal period: - before 1740, Voltaire, indifferent to spiritual China, simply followed the then fashionable enthusiasm for China for its exotic treasure; - not until his first retirement to Cirey, influenced by Mme Chatelet's opposition to "The History of the world" by Bossuet, did he begin a serious study of the Chinese history and form quite an objective image of China in his works. All his views on China were formulated in this period; - however, it was at Ferney that he used China as a weapon in his fight against the intolerance and fanatism of Christianity. In order to sharpen this weapon, he even made an effort to purify his relatively impartial image of China. Thus in his words after 1755, one can find an ideal China. Voltaire surpassed the other philosophers of his time because of his erudition as a historian and his thorough assimilation of the essentials of Confucianism: the humanism. These two points constantly enriched his enthusiasm for China so that he more or less mentioned China in a large quantity of his works that he left to us. .
Eldem, Edhem. "Le commerce français d'Istanbul au XVIIIème siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10006.
Full textHuo, Zhongyou. "L'agence Xinhua (Chine Nouvelle) et son évolution (1931-1995)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30053.
Full textThe xinhua news agency (new china) founded on november 7th 1931, is the state news agency of the people's republic of china. Since the foundation of the people's republic in 1949, especially since the implementation of the reform and opening policy in 1978, the xinhua news agency has been keeping her development both in dimension and variety of her services, thus becoming a worldwide news agency with chinese features: 7000 employees, 30 departments in her beijing (peking) headquarter, 31 offices and about 40 national branches and correspondant's stations (not including the taiwan province) more than 100 offices abroad, a special national network of telecommunications with beijing as its centre, several satellite telephone lines connecting beijing to new york, paris,tokyo and hong kong as well as an international network with more than 50 telecommunications lines. Every day, the xinhua news agency provides a large number of general information and economic data for other chinese mass media, and dispatches worldwidely news in chinese, english,french,spanish, russian, arabic and portuguese. She edits and publishes more than 40 newspapers and periodicals including the fortnightly chatand the reference news, both very influential in china. She has also signed cooperation and news exchange contracts with press organizations in more than 80 countries. Since 1978, the xinhua news agency has been facing competitions from other mass media. To assure her development, she has adopted different measures in order to become a news organisation comprising several levels, channels and functions. She has reinforced her reporting department, has improved her system of news collection, has sped up the technological transformation, has set up a computer network and has taken a forward step on her way to financial self-support and competent executive training. Moreover,she has also deepened friendly cooperation with diverse press organizations in the world so as to widen her international influence. Thanks to these measures, the xinhua news agency has obtained remarkable success in different fields, surely, she will be the socialistic modernized news agency with chinese features, on which will be able to compete with any other world's great news agencies
Heichette, Michel. "Sociabilité et sensibilités collectives au XVIIIème siècle : l'exemple du Pays Sabolien." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA3008_1.pdf.
Full textDepeyre, Michel. "Tactiques et stratégies navales de la France et du Royaume-Uni, de 1690 à 1815." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040190.
Full textFrom 1690 to 1815, france was regularly defeated at sea, while england was reinforcing her own power. Paradoxically, france' approach to naval tactics at the time was the most brilliant in europe, as expressed in the training of young officers. As to england, she moved away from such theoretical concerns and remained faithful to pratical training. How to explain the paradox ? the present thesis is based on these premises statement and tries to meet the paradox by analysing the treaties on tactics at sea in both countries. In the first part, we shall study the authors and their textbooks in a historical perspective; there will be three main periods : that of the initiators of the tactics (1690-1760), the climax (1770-1789), then the stagnation together with the discovery of new approaches to naval strategy (17891815). In the third part, we shall consider the method of the authors (in terms of pedagogy, the part of geomery and history, and so on) an we shall further develop two leading thems : the concept of tactics and the outlines of the strategic approach. The latter will be seen to develop in france in terms of abstract tactics, partly imitated in england by two authors. France, being inferior at sea, vainly tried to compensate with technological discoveries; the french also believed in tactical improvements developing a theory based on reason, also much influenced by contemporary esthetic concerns (there is for instance a similarity between court ballets and the evolutions of vessels). As for the english, they had a more c0ncrete approcah of tactics - yet with a sense of efficiency which accounts for such victories as trafalgar
Aguiar, de Freitas Inès. "Pour une histoire naturelle de la géographie. Les voyageurs-naturalistes français au Brésil au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040098.
Full textThe fundamental aim of this thesis is to show that the modern geography find its roots in the natural history, in the 18th century. In order to prove it we took as example the French scientists travelers in Brazil during this time. The work of these teams of scientists, collectors, and illustrators displayed three features of decisive significance for the formation of geography as a distinctly modern, avowedly "objective" science: a concern for realism in description, for a systematic classification in collection, and for the comparative method in explanation. But the scientific project represented by naturalist's travels may not have seen as simple as that: naturalists didn't confine themselves to plants and animals. They also took a keen interest in peoples. And the extension of these scientific methods of observation, classification and comparison to peoples and societies had made the modern geography's subject possible. A new geography was born
Gouger, Lina. "Le peuplement colonisateur de Détroit, 1701-1765." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28594.
Full textKury, Lorelai Brilhante. "Civiliser la nature : histoire naturelle et voyages (France, fin du XVIIIe siècle - début du XIXe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0085.
Full textStarting with the enlightenment, the histoire naturelle was characterized by the emphasis on the utility of nature. Within this context, botany, zoology and agriculture were seen as crucial disciplines in the development of civilization as well immediately relevant to the happiness of mankind. The search for exotic natural products thus mobilized considerable individual and institutional efforts. The parisian museum d'histoire naturelle played a key role in the studies of nature carried on in france : there, exotic natural products became part of a universal system of knowledge, thanks to their orderly disposition and the acknowledgement of their utility. Often carrying with them detailed instructions, naturalists left their country with the hope of finding extraordinary plants living in privileged countries. Voyages did however constitute a highly heterogenous enterprise, differing in motivation, execution and outcome. The voyage, as perceived by contemporaries, represented the intellectual and physical conquest of the world involving science, utopia, personal gain, public utility and adventure. Back to france, the chimera of the acclimatisation of exotic plants indicated the hope of overcoming the geographical limitations imposed upon living beings, thus submitting nature to civilization
Adnani, Jillali el. "Entre hagiographie et histoire, les origines d'une confrérie musulmane maghrébine : la Tijâniyya (1781-1880)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10046.
Full textThe strategy of the founder of the tijaniyya fits in the mouvement of the brotherhood legacy and is placed among what could be called fruit ful of wave maghreb saints from the xiii th and xix centuries : ahmad b. Idris (m. 1837), al-'arbi al-darqawi(m. L839) et muhammad b. 'ali al-sanusi (m. 1859). In order to study the origins of the tijaniyya brotherhood and its spreading, the prevailing socio-economic, political and cultural framework of its birth must be taken into consideration. We would like to suggest that : without ahmad al-tijani's constrained de parture from 'ayn-madi the brotherhood would not have been created, it would not have been built there if its opponents had not been hunted out; nor would it have met with a favorable reception in morocco without the opposition of the other brotherhoods to the sultan m. Sulayman (1792-1822). This introduction aims at clarifying those various points together with suggesting leading lines and calling fresh perspectives. The founder character consisted of a jurist, a saint, also of thaumaturge and the connaisseur of alchemy and magical science. His brotherhood soole also doctrinal colourations and contraditory political positions, during his settlements between algeria and morocco, and after the frensh conquest. It is noted that the tijani-s of tlemcen, know for the mahdists ideas, organised insurrections in the region of tlemcen and close to the algerian-moroccan frontiers thus promise frensh expulsion untill the last man, then the tijani-s of 'ayn-madi and tamasin would form an alliance with the colonial administration. How does one explain the polyvalence of this brotherhood that decared itself superior to other tariqa-s and its founder declared himself to be the seal of saints ?
Bai, Zhi Min. "L'image de l'empire de Chine sous la plume des voyageurs français des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20011.
Full textIshikawa, Yumiko. "L'opéra-ballet des Indes galantes (1735) aux Fêtes d'Hébé (1739)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040279.
Full textThis thesis aims to study eight consecutive French opera-ballets from les Indes galantes (1735) to Les Fêtes d'Hébé (1739). The history of this type of lyrical work between 1695 and 1773 culminates in a significant quantity of creative works, on the one hand, and the standardization of a model-type, on the other. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first one examines what "opera-ballet" is, in comparison with the other forms: "tragédie lyrique", "fragments". This first section traces its evolution and its basic traits. The second focuses on the literary aspects of opera-ballet: librettos, librettists and the dramatic scenarios of eight works. The third section deals with the musical aspects of opera-ballet: scores, composers and styles. This study consequently establishes that there are three periods in the history of opera-ballet, of which the second, the only one concerned here, represents its model-type, the most common, that the standardization of a model and the wide range of subjects coexist in this period and, lastly, that the musical particularity exists in the frequent use of the mesured rhythm in recitatives and in the danse rhythms used in the song "airs", vocal ensembles and "symphonies"
Napoli, Paolo. "La "police" en France à l'âge moderne (XVIIIe-XIXe siècle) : histoire d'un mode de normativité." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA066.
Full textSitu, Shuang. "De l'influence de la Chine dans la décoration et l'iconographie en France à la fin du XVIIème siècle et au début du XVIIIème." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040162.
Full textThe present work consists of four parts : the historical course which led to the discovery of China by the West through the trade in silk and porcelain. .