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Journal articles on the topic 'Comfort, outdoor, indoor'
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1
Reza, Farhadur, Shoichi Kojima, and Wataru Ando. "Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 10 (2021): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.10.1352.
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Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.
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Laze, Kuenda. "Assessing public perceptions about road lighting in five neighborhoods of Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v21i02.84.
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The light use was assessed in ten indoor and outdoor environments of Tirana, Albania, in November 2017. The five indoor environments presented one lecture hall, one library and three labs in a school environment. The five major streets of the capital city of Tirana presented outdoor environments. Questionnaires were respectively used to assess two criteria of “Vista” and “Visual comfort” of daylight in indoor environments and security, obstacle detection and visibility in outdoor environments. Lighting quality aspects of “Vista” were evaluated at a higher rank compared to “Visual comfort”. The approximately 87 and 60 percent of respondents respectively were not able to detect a pavement obstacle after the sunset (dark) or to distinguish a familiar face at a distance of 5 and 10 m in outdoor environments. Lighting was respectively inadequately comfort to 86 percent of users in five indoor environments. Road lighting after dark was not satisfactory to 60 percent of respondents in outdoor environments. These initial findings identify that lighting could generally be inadequate in indoor and outdoor environments in Tirana. Further research is required on the light use in built environments in Tirana, Albania.
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LIU, TANG-JEN, and MING-SHING YOUNG. "A DIGITAL METHOD FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE AIR." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 04 (August 25, 2002): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000267.
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Opening windows is frequently done to refresh the indoor air for the occupants. To maintain the cleanliness and freshness of the indoor air, more outdoor air is needed. But its high temperature and humidity are harmful to the thermal comfort of the indoor environment. Therefore, determining the amount of outdoor air allowed to enter the room is very important for the optimum conditioning of the indoor air. The ASHRAE comfort charts indicate the percentage of subjects feeling comfortable during various combinations of dry-bulb temperature, humidity, and air movement. A set of mathematical expressions were proposed to model the charts in order to calculate the comfort degree of the outdoor air automatically with its temperature and humidity. In this paper, the measurement of temperature and humidity was completed by a self-developed digital method. Besides, the comfort level of the sampled air was also simultaneously determined by this digital method based on the mathematical model of comfort charts. The system implemented based on our method is portable. This will let us make good use of the outdoor air and controll the ventilation machine more effectively.
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Li, Ya Ning, and Ye Wang. "Study on Control Model of Air-Conditioning System of Air-Conditioned Train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.905.
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The outdoor environmental conditions have great effect on the indoor environment of the air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Based on the analysis on the air-conditioning control system of the running air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway, considering the fresh air quantity, oxygen concentration upper limit value, contaminant concentration limit and thermal comfort simultaneously, from viewpoint of thermal comfort, a new control scheme of air-conditioning and oxygen supply has been proposed. In the new control system, both the passengers’ effects and indoor environmental effects have been considered, but also, the outdoor oxygen concentration and the outdoor atmospheric pressure are also considered as the factors affecting the indoor thermal comfort, which combine the comfort and energy-saving into one part. The study of this paper is full of theoretical meaning for promoting the technical reform, improving the management level and bettering the indoor air quality of air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
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Wang, Wei, Xiaofang Shan, Syed Asad Hussain, Changshan Wang, and Ying Ji. "Comparison of Multi-Control Strategies for the Control of Indoor Air Temperature and CO2 with OpenModelica Modeling." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 4425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174425.
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As most residents spend more than 90% of their time in buildings, acceptable and reasonable control of both indoor thermal comfort and air quality is imperative to ensure occupants’ health status and work productivity. However, current control strategies generally take either thermal comfort or indoor air quality as a single loop, rather than the concurrent control of two. To analyze their mutual influence, this study investigated the performance of three multi-control approaches, i.e., proportional integral derivative (PID) control of thermal comfort and a fixed outdoor air ratio, PID control of thermal comfort and design outdoor air rate, and PID control of thermal comfort and occupancy-based demand-controlled ventilation. As a pilot study, three typical control methods were implemented to a multi-zone building via OpenModelica modeling. The results indicate that indoor air temperature can be well-maintained under three control methods, however, the CO2 concentration under the fixed outdoor air ratio was over 1000 ppm, leading to poor indoor air quality. The control strategy with the design outdoor air rate could not properly ensure the CO2 concentration, due to the over-ventilated or under-ventilated phenomena, subsequently resulting in unnecessary energy waste. The occupancy-based demand controlled ventilation could maintain the CO2 concentration under the set-point with an intermediate power energy utilization.
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Höppe, Peter. "Improving indoor thermal comfort by changing outdoor conditions." Energy and Buildings 16, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(91)90046-6.
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Rao, Yong, and Dong Sheng Wang. "Indoor Ventilation and Comfort Evaluation of Traditional Folk Houses under Natural Conditions in China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4087.
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Based on the subjective questionnaire and field measurement of the physical environment about traditional folk houses indoor and outdoor,this topic chose three typical folk houses to analyze thermal comfort, indoor the wind field ,and temperature field , summarized the indoor ventilation problems existing in the traditional folk houses, explored the influence factors of indoor ventilation and thermal comfort. Poor indoor thermal comfort is mainly manifested as: the higher indoor temperature and the higher internal surface temperature of building envelope, and poor air flow indoor. It is one of important means for promoting the indoor thermal comfort and improving the indoor air quality of traditional folk houses by adopting appropriate building ventilation technology and effectively using natural ventilation.
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Elnabawi, Mohamed H., and Neveen Hamza. "Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010051.
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The thermal characteristics of outdoor urban spaces and the street networks connecting them are vital to the assessment of the liveability and sustainability of cities. When urban spaces are thermally comfortable, city dwellers spend more time outdoors. This has several benefits for human health and wellbeing, also reducing indoor energy consumption and contributing to local economy. Studies on outdoor thermal comfort have highlighted the need to develop interdisciplinary frameworks that integrate physical, physiological, psychological, and social parameters to assist urban planners and designers in design decisions. In this paper, an extensive literature review of outdoor thermal comfort studies over the past decade was undertaken, including both rational and adaptive thermal comfort approaches, from the contextualize the behaviour perspectives related to the use of urban space. Consequently, the paper suggests a comprehensive framework for evaluating the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative parameters linking the microclimatic environment with subjective thermal assessment and social behaviour. The framework aims to contribute to the development of exclusive thermal comfort standards for outdoor urban settings.
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Azarnejhad, Araz, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "On the Impact of Building Façades’ Color on Thermal Building Performance and Outdoor Thermal Comfort." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.189.
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A surface property of building façades, which has implications for thermal performance of buildings as well as outdoor thermal comfort, is visual reflectance. In this paper, the effects of façades’ visual reflectance on buildings' thermal performance and outdoor thermal comfort were investigated. A simulation tool was calibrated via empirical data and deployed to explore the impact of the visual reflectance of typical building façades in Vienna on indoor temperature and heating and cooling loads. The results show that the magnitude of visual reflectance has little impact on indoor temperature and energy demand of insulated buildings, while its effect on cooling load of non-insulated buildings is considerable. Finally, the effect of façades' visual reflectance on outdoor thermal comfort was investigated.
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Gür, Miray, and Filiz Şenkal Sezer. "INDOOR COMFORT CONDITIONS IN TERMS OF USER SATISFACTION FOR MIDDLE-INCOME GROUPS: THE CASE OF ATAEVLER, BURSA, TURKEY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1398.
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The objective of this research paper is to investigate residents’ perception of indoor comfort conditions and user satisfaction in the residences for middle-income groups, focusing on thermal, visual and acoustical comfort. For this purpose, a residential satisfaction survey was conducted to residents of 5 housing estates in Ataevler, Bursa, Turkey. The study consists of literature review, evaluation of user satisfaction survey, and discussion of the research findings focusing on improving indoor environment. The questionnaires were applied to residents and they were asked to express their perception of indoor comfort and their satisfaction level with comfort parameters in which they live in. The answers have statically been analyzed in terms of percentages through SPSS 13.0. The results obtained indicate that the main dissatisfaction factors related to comfort conditions of middle income groups in their housing estates were related to indoor-outdoor noise problems and inadequate daylight received. The results suggest that comfort levels of users related to climatic factors vary based on their house and seasons. Heating levels of buildings are adjusted based on the comfort of the users. Comfort levels related to indoor-outdoor noise are very low. Satisfaction levels from visual comfort is low in buildings that were constructed close to each other because of inadequate daylight. Achieving optimal visual, acoustical, and climatic comfort conditions is essential to create a positive impact on users’ performance in houses. The results of this study and suggested comfort conditions are expected to contribute to building policies, building producers, academia and to the implementation of high quality, healthy and energy efficient houses.
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Höppe, Peter. "Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal comfort." Energy and Buildings 34, no. 6 (July 2002): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00017-8.
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Eikemeier, Sören, Matthias Schuss, Ulrich Pont, Ardeshir Mahdavi, and Robert Wimmer. "Monitoring of a Prototypical Free-Running Building: A Case Study in a Hot-and-Humid Climate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.392.
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The provision of comfortable indoor conditions is widely considered as one of the key tasks of architecture. Hereby, different climatic regions require different concepts for the operation of buildings. Achieving thermal comfort in buildings in hot and humid regions without Air-Conditioning can be considered as a challenging task. In this context we present a monitoring study of the indoor conditions in a new prototype building, called the Zero Carbon Resort Demonstration Cottage. This building was designed according to passive cooling principles with the intent to reach a high degree of sustainability and to have little environmental impact. To explore the viability of this concept, we deployed a comprehensive monitoring of the outdoor conditions via a weather station and of the indoor conditions via air temperature and relative humidity sensors. Moreover, short-term monitoring of thermal comfort was conducted. In a first analysis step we compared the results of the indoor monitoring with the corresponding outdoor measurements. In a second step we conducted a standardized thermal comfort study. Thereby we considered the special circumstances of the thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings. Results suggest that acceptable indoor conditions can be maintained, if passive cooling methods are applied properly.
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KC, Rajan, Hom Bahadur Rijal, Masanori Shukuya, and Kazui Yoshida. "Importance of Behavioral Adjustments for Adaptive Thermal Comfort in a Condominium with HEMS System." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32175.
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The energy use in residential dwellings has been increasing due to increasing use of modern electric appliances to make the lifestyle easier, entertaining and better. One of the major purposes of indoor energy use is for improving indoor thermal environment for adjusting thermal comfort. Along with the use of passive means like the use of mechanical devices, the occupants in any dwellings use active means such as the use of natural ventilation, window opening, and clothing adjustment. In fact, the use of active means when the outdoor environment is good enough might be more suitable to improve indoor thermal environment than the use of mechanical air conditioning units, which necessarily require electricity. Therefore, the people in developing countries like Nepal need to understand to what extent the occupants can use active means to manage their own indoor thermal comfort. The use of active means during good outdoor environment might be an effective way to manage increasing energy demand in the future. We have made a field survey on the occupants’ adaptive behaviors for thermal comfort in a Japanese condominium equipped with Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Online questionnaire survey was conducted in a condominium with 356 families from November 2015 to October 2016 to understand the occupants’ behaviors. The number of 17036 votes from 39 families was collected. The indoor air temperature, relative humidity and illuminance were measured at the interval of 2-10 minutes to know indoor thermal environmental conditions. The occupants were found using different active behaviors for thermal comfort adjustments even in rather harsh summer and winter. Around 80% of the occupants surveyed opened windows when the outdoor air temperature was 30⁰C in free running (FR) mode and the clothing insulation was 0.93 clo when the outdoor air temperature was 0⁰C. The result showed that the use of mechanical heating and cooling was not necessarily the first priority to improve indoor thermal environment. Our result along with other results in residential buildings showed that the adaptive behaviors of the occupants are one of the primary ways to adjust indoor thermal comfort. This fact is important in enhancing the energy saving building design.
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Di, Yu Hui, Zhan Bo Wang, and Li Duan Wang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Comfort of Civil Building in Xi’an." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5013.
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For the study of human thermal sensation in Xi'an and adaptive thermal comfort situation, the measurement of environmental parameters and questionnaires as the way to analyze and explore the indoor and outdoor weather conditions, clothing thermal resistance, thermal sensation and so on. This paper studies human thermal sensation within the civil construction and thermal neutral temperature relationship changes with the seasons. The results showed that: the study of adaptive thermal comfort, human neutral temperature and outdoor ambient temperature has a strong correlation, the resulting models in Xi'an.
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Wei, Sheng Xian, Qing Zhou, Shu Fen Tao, and Guang Xue Chen. "Indoor Thermal Comfort Predicting Correlations in Subtropical Plateau Monsoon Climate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.231.
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Fanger’s PMV is the most famous thermal sensation index but it is too complex to be applied in practice. Besides, the PMV index does not include the effect of hourly solar radiation on the indoor thermal climate. In order to obtain simple and applicable correlations with considerations of outdoor hourly solar radiation, a one-year measurement was performed in a naturally ventilated residential room in Qujing Normal University of Yunnan province, China. PMV indices are calculated by using Newton’s iterative method based on the collected data. Correlations of the PMV and the environmental parameters (outdoor air temperature, indoor air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, hourly beam radiation and hourly diffuse radiation) have been developed by the multivariable regression technique. It is convenient to use them to predict the indoor thermal comfort in the subtropical plateau monsoon climate.
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Harun, H. A., Norsheila Buyamin, Mohamad Asyraf Othman, and Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman. "A Case Study on Indoor Comfort of Lecture Rooms in University Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.821.
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The indoor environment of lecture rooms in universities can affect the learning of students. Nevertheless, study on the actual conditions of air in relation to indoor air quality is rare. This paper presents a case study on the indoor comfort of selected lecture rooms in a university. Two rooms of different sizes and ventilation rates were selected, in which the indoors air temperature, CO2 content and relative humidity were measured both when occupied and unoccupied. The study revealed that occupancy by students did not directly affect the relative humidity in the lecture rooms, probably due to the dominating influence of the outdoor air. It was found from the study that under high occupancy, the room temperature and CO2 content would be higher than the recommended level and thus affected the comfort level of students and consequently their learning ability during the lecture.
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Yang, Xue Bin, De Fa Sun, Xiang Jiang Zhou, Ling Ling Cai, and Ying Ji. "Indoor Thermal Comfort and its Effect on Building Energy Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3516.
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The indoor thermal comfort and its effect on building energy consumption have been conducted by literature reviewing in the study. The linear relationship and the related formulations of various thermal comfort indictors are summarized to evaluate the human comfort. These parameters include predicted mean vote, thermal sensation vote, adaptive predicted mean vote, thermal comfort vote, and thermal acceptability. Under different climatic or regional conditions, both relationships between thermal comfort parameters and indoor or outdoor air temperature, and between comfort vote and another comfort parameter, are summarized for their definition and formulation. The comfort parameters such as local air speed, neutral temperature, PMV set point and others will directly impact the building energy usage. It is of significance to seek an optimal alternative for energy savings.
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Yidan, Sun. "Study on the improvement of indoor hot and humid environment in Tibetan-style residential areas in northwest Sichuan." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504074.
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Indoor and outdoor thermal environment is under a definite impact on the human body, and to a large extent affects the comfort of people living. In this paper, the indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity parameters of Dongma village in the west of Sichuan Province were measured. On the living room and bedroom hot and humid comfort survey, the outside wall temperature and the local climate to do analysis, get January Dongma village typical residential indoor humidity environment, including the temperature of the living room is 6.6~19.5°C, the relative humidity is 28.9~45.3%rH, the bedroom temperature is 3.5~19.8°C, the relative humidity is 35.7~52.8%rH, the outdoor temperature is 2.4~27.4°C, the temperature in the east is -11.1~-3.3°C, -3.9~11.2°C at the west, -8~2.8°C at the south, -10.4~-2.5 °C at the north, 1.6~29.2 °C at the roof, and the solar radiation intensity is 422~739W/m^2. Combined with the above data, it is found that the overall insulation performance of the wall is good, but by the influence of the cold weather outside, the indoor temperature is still low, it is difficult to respond to the comfort needs of residents. The wall temperature is altered due to solar radiation. In view of the current situation of the indoor thermal environment in Dongma village, a series of optimization suggestions are submitted at the end of the paper.
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Sun, Chun Hua, Guo Qiang Xia, Bing Hong Yan, and Xin Zhang. "Study on Indoor Comfort Zone of Residential Building in Beijing Region." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5779.
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In order to research generalized apparent temperature model in Beijing region, the different age demographic composition proportion is considered and the existing apparent temperature model is modified on the basis of Steadman human heat balance equation. Then indoor comfort zone of residential building is obtained by generalized apparent temperature model reference to comfort zone of Beijing comfort index model. The generalized comfort dry-bulb temperature zone is acquired by critical value of generalized comfort zone. The critical value of generalized comfort dry-bulb temperature zone would be adopted to modify the outdoor start temperature of the central heating system and air-conditioning.
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Kwon, Choul Woong, Kang Jun Lee, and Soolyeon Cho. "Numerical Study of Balancing between Indoor Building Energy and Outdoor Thermal Comfort with a Flexible Building Element." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 6654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236654.
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This study analyzed the environmental role of a flexible canopy as a microclimate modifier in balancing indoor energy demands and outdoor thermal comfort. Flexible building elements are often installed in traditional buildings, depending on the local climate in southern Europe. The architectural performance of a canopy was analyzed using several environmental software packages (Ecotect, Rayman, WinAir, DaySim, and EDSL TAS). Coupling methods were applied to determine the environmental influence of the attached building element, a canopy with fixed and operable panes in different orientations and locations. The results showed that the flexible canopy played a crucial role in reducing indoor energy demands (heating and electricity for lighting) and increasing outdoor thermal comfort under the canopy area. Outdoor thermally comfortable conditions ranging between 13 and 29 °C in the canopy space could be enhanced by 56.3% over the entire year by manipulating a flexible canopy, compared with a fixed canopy with 90% transparency in London. The flexible canopy with higher transparency helped increase outdoor thermal comfort in Glasgow, while one with lower transparency showed better performance during summer in London. The findings of this research will help broaden the range of architectural elements used in buildings.
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Xu, Xinyin, Baochuan Fu, Zhengtian Wu, and Guang Sun. "Predictive control for indoor environment based on thermal adaptation." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (April 2021): 003685042110069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211006971.
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Previous studies show that the indoor environment quality (IEQ) of buildings directly affects human health and comfort. This study aims to predict the change of indoor parameters at the next moment under the influences of the current indoor climate and outdoor climate and control the IEQ parameters based on the human thermal adaption in advance. We combine the simulation and the mathematical method to establish the office building model with air-conditioning and lighting systems and construct the bilinear model of the IEQ parameters and control variables. Unknown parameters are identified using the experimental method. Model predictive control (MPC) based on human thermal comfort is discussed by considering human thermal adaptation, and the neutral temperature is calculated through the dynamic relationship between outdoor and indoor temperatures. Results show that the temperature setpoint is adjusted in accordance with human adaptability, and the air-conditioning, fan, and lighting systems are controlled via MPC. The usage time of air-conditioning and light is reduced, and thus, energy is saved.
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Kim, Sun-Ho, Young-Ran Yoon, Jeong-Won Kim, and Hyeun-Jun Moon. "Novel Integrated and Optimal Control of Indoor Environmental Devices for Thermal Comfort Using Double Deep Q-Network." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050629.
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Maintaining a pleasant indoor environment with low energy consumption is important for healthy and comfortable living in buildings. In previous studies, we proposed the integrated comfort control (ICC) algorithm, which integrates several indoor environmental control devices, including an air conditioner, a ventilation system, and a humidifier. The ICC algorithm is operated by simple on/off control to maintain indoor temperature and relative humidity within a defined comfort range. This simple control method can cause inefficient building operation because it does not reflect the changes in indoor–outdoor environmental conditions and the status of the control devices. To overcome this limitation, we suggest the artificial intelligence integrated comfort control (AI2CC) algorithm using a double deep Q-network(DDQN), which uses a data-driven approach to find the optimal control of several environmental control devices to maintain thermal comfort with low energy consumption. The suggested AI2CC showed a good ability to learn how to operate devices optimally to improve indoor thermal comfort while reducing energy consumption. Compared to the previous approach (ICC), the AI2CC reduced energy consumption by 14.8%, increased the comfort ratio by 6.4%, and decreased the time to reach the comfort zone by 54.1 min.
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Yusoff, W. F. M., and N. H. Ja'afar. "Preliminary evaluation of indoor thermal comfort in Malaysia heritage mosque." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702016.
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Malaysia heritage buildings are the country's architectural gems. Among them is the religious building such as mosque. The Malaysia heritage mosque is normally built in response to the local culture and environment. Unlike most of Malaysia modern mosques where air conditioning is opted as ventilation mode, the heritage mosques achieve indoor thermal comfort via the passive architectural design. Due to that, this study was executed with the purpose of investigating the indoor thermal comfort of a Malaysia heritage mosque located at traditional street in Melaka, namely Masjid Tanah. The methodology used in the study was field measurement, in which the parameters measured were the indoor and outdoor air temperatures. The field measurement was conducted for two days in the end of March and early of April 2018, from 9 am to 4 pm. The indoor predicted comfort temperature was derived using the adaptive model. The findings indicated that the measured indoor air temperatures were lower than the indoor predicted comfort temperatures at most of the time. Therefore, it shows that the passive architectural design adopted by the Malaysia heritage mosque, which is Masjid Tanah, is able to provide indoor thermal comfort to the users.
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Chen, Rong, Wen-Pei Sung, Hung-Chang Chang, and Yi-Rou Chi. "Applying Outdoor Environment to Develop Health, Comfort, and Energy Saving in the Office in Hot-Humid Climate." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/367283.
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A human life demand set to emerge in the future is the achievement of sustainability by maintaining a comfortable indoor environment without excessive reliance on energy-consuming air conditioners. The major research processes in this study are: (1) measuring indoor air quality and thermal comfort to evaluate the comfort of an indoor environment; (2) implementing questionnaire survey analysis to explore people’s environmental self-perceptions and conducting a meta-analysis of the measurement results for air quality and physical aspects; and (3) constructing an indoor monitoring and management system. The experimental and analysis results of this research reveal that most of the office occupants preferred a cooler environment with a lower temperature. Additionally, because the summers in Taiwan are humid and hot, the occupants of an indoor space tend to feel uncomfortable because of the high humidity and poor indoor air quality. Therefore, Variable Air Volume (VAV), two air intakes, and exhaust plant are installed to improve indoor environment. After improvement, a lower temperature (approximately 21.2–23.9°C) indirectly reduces humidity, thereby making the occupants comfortable. Increasing air velocity to0.1~0.15 m/s, the carbon dioxide concentrations decrease below the requirement of the WHO. Ninety-five percent of the workers corresponded to the standard comfort zone after this improvement.
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Weng, Kui, Fanlin Meng, and Monjur Mourshed. "Model-Based Optimal Control of Window Openings for Thermal Comfort." Proceedings 2, no. 15 (August 27, 2018): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2151134.
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Passive cooling via natural ventilation through window openings is a low-carbon strategy to minimize cooling demand and to adapt to the rising ambient temperatures due to climate change. However, relying on the manual control of windows by occupants is not always optimal for maintaining indoor thermal comfort. In this study, a model-based approach using dynamic thermal simulation program EnergyPlus is used for the optimal control of window openings to maintain indoor thermal comfort. Based on the day-ahead weather forecast, the window opening schedule for the next 24 h is optimized through iteration. Results indicate that the proposed optimal control method significantly improves indoor thermal comfort than using some most commonly used manual control and automated control based on hourly set-point and outdoor temperatures.
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Jung, Suk-jin, and Seong-hwan Yoon. "Study on the Prediction and Improvement of Indoor Natural Light and Outdoor Comfort in Apartment Complexes Using Daylight Factor and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature Indices." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071872.
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Urbanization has intensified population concentration, and the quality of residential environments has deteriorated owing to the accelerated construction of high-rise and high-density buildings. In this study, a quantitative analysis is conducted regarding the natural lighting and outdoor thermal comfort of apartment complexes, and satisfactory improvement measures for both factors are investigated. Natural lighting and outside microclimate modeling simulations and statistical analyses are performed on 27 cases using the layout planning factors of an apartment complex. In addition, outdoor thermal comfort analysis is performed by applying heat island mitigation factors (greening and reflective asphalt pavement) to cases satisfying the condition of daylight factor (DF ≥ 75%). To improve natural lighting, the azimuth (correlation coefficient −0.812) should be considered, and to improve outdoor thermal comfort, the aspect ratio should be considered (−0.402). The results of applying heat island mitigation factors suggest that greening can improve outdoor thermal comfort to a greater extent than reflective asphalt pavement. The significance of this study is that the measures to improve residential comfort have been determined by considering the factors affecting the residential environment.
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Zimmer, Tobias. "Comfort IAQ – a new tool to simulate the indoor particulate matter pollution in relation to the chosen supply air filter quality." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102024.
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Many factors are rather well known for their ability to create a good indoor air climate, but when it comes to airborne particles, there is no great deal of documentation to consult and set requirements. Nor are there much of other specific guidelines. The new, product-neutral and free online calculation tool Comfort IAQ helps to understand the mechanisms behind IAQ and gives a good indication on what would be the impact on indoor air quality (IAQ) due to air exchange, outdoor air environment, air filter selection and building envelope characteristics. Comfort IAQ allows to simulate the concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) in a specific ventilated room, depending on the chosen supply air filter quality. To model the room and the supply air conditions in a realistic way, Comfort IAQ allows to define besides outdoor air conditions (ODA) also the room dimensions, the air changes, the recirculation air rate as well as the supply air filter quality (based on ISO 16890, EN779 or ASHRAE 52.2). Based on these values, the Comfort IAQ tool provides an estimation of the indoor particle concentration and gives engineers and planers a good tool to optimize the Indoor Air Quality, by choosing the best combinations of supply air filter qualities and ventilation rates for a specific application. The algorithms in the online tool Comfort IAQ have been developed by Lars Ekberg, (Docent-installallationsteknik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola) and the accuracy of the calculations was verified by comparing them with measurements in a full-scale test chamber.
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Touma, Albert Al, and Djamel Ouahrani. "Improved Human Thermal Comfort with Indoor PCM-Enhanced Tiles in Living Spaces in the Arabian Gulf." E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185704001.
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Al-Majlis is the living space in residential buildings of the Arabian Gulf, and is where occupants spend most of their time. For this reason, the human thermal comfort in this space is of extreme importance and is often compromised due to hot outdoor weather conditions. In contrast with many thermal discomfort mitigation methods in outdoor environments, which become unadvisable in indoor spaces, this study investigates the effect of adding PCM-enhanced tiles to portions of the indoor envelope on the occupant’s thermal comfort and the space cooling energy demand. A simulation model of a space with tight building envelope in Qatar was developed on EnergyPlus with and without the addition of PCM-enhanced tiles. The selected country is a representative location of the Arabian Gulf. Considering different occupant’s positions, the addition of the tiles with PCM on their back was found to moderate the mean radiant temperature, operative temperature, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), all of which signify an improvement in the human thermal comfort. Lastly, this change in the indoor envelope was found to save 3.3% of the space daily thermal cooling energy demand during one harsh summer representative day.
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Hu, Shaoying, and Takafumi Maeda. "Summer clothing characteristics and indoor-outdoor thermal comfort of Japanese youth." Journal of the Human-Environment System 22, no. 1 (2019): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1618/jhes.22.17.
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Zheng, Ruifeng, Yufeng Zheng, Lei Cong, Joon-Ho Choi, and Hyun Jung. "Climate Adaptive Design Improvement Strategies of Traditional Dwellings in Southern Zhejiang for the Plum Rain Season Considering Comfort Conditions." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061428.
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This study investigated the adaptations of traditional dwellings to the complex regional microclimate in southern Zhejiang, China. Typical traditional dwellings in a village in the foothills and a village on the mid-slopes of Zhejiang’s alpine region were selected to study traditional construction strategies for climate responsiveness and the comfort level of indoor environments during the very humid plum rain season in early summer. Fundamental analysis of the climate and architecture, a response analysis of the dwelling form, an occupants’ comfort satisfaction survey, and field measurements of indoor and outdoor thermal environmental parameters were performed. The traditional dwellings and their design strategies for various regional environmental factors were explored from the perspective of (1) regional climate-adaptive strategies, (2) the thermal, airflow, lighting, and acoustic qualities of the indoor environment, and (3) the occupants’ indoor environment satisfaction. The results indicated that traditional dwellings in southern Zhejiang incorporate strategies of various effectiveness in ensuring indoor comfort.
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Antonini, Ernesto, Vincenzo Vodola, Jacopo Gaspari, and Michaela De Giglio. "Outdoor Wellbeing and Quality of Life: A Scientific Literature Review on Thermal Comfort." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082079.
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While indoor comfort represents a widely investigated research topic with relation to sustainable development and energy-demand reduction in the built environment, outdoor comfort remains an open field of study, especially with reference to the impacts of climate change and the quality of life for inhabitants, particularly in urban contexts. Despite the relevant efforts spent in the last few decades to advance the understanding of phenomena and the knowledge in this specific field, which obtained much evidence for the topic’s relevance, a comprehensive picture of the studies, as well as a classification of the interconnected subjects and outcomes, is still lacking. This paper reports the outcomes of a literature review aimed at screening the available resources dealing with outdoor thermal comfort, in order to provide a state-of-the-art review that identifies the main topics focused by the researchers, as well as the barriers in defining suitable indexes for assessing thermal comfort in outdoor environments. Although several accurate models and software are available to quantify outdoor human comfort, the evocated state of mind of the final user still remains at the core of this uncertain process.
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Memet, Feiza. "A Research on Satisfaction during Friday Religious Services, Practices Associated with Health and Social Relationships, in Anadolchioi Mosque." European Journal of Theology and Philosophy 1, no. 3 (June 19, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/theology.2021.1.3.16.
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This paper evaluates the indoor temperature and thermal sensation inside the naturally ventilated small-medium size, historical Anadolchioi Mosque, built in Constanta, in 1870, for the Muslim minority living in Constanta. Are considered Friday prayers (Dhuhr). The methodology used for this assessment is related to the outdoor and indoor temperatures measurements, each Friday, in July, between 10 AM and 4 PM, due to the fact that in Constanta, Friday prayers (in July) starts between 1.20 PM and 1.23 PM (depending on the sun position). The measurements will indicate that, although indoor temperature is slightly higher than the outdoor one, the average indoor temperature, for the considered period, is in the recommended thermal comfort temperature range, according to ASHRAE 2010. Also, the measured indoor air temperatures and predicted temperature for comfortable indoors- given by Humphreys formula, have been compared, in order to have an idea if the building is able to provide pleasant indoor temperatures. On the other hand, the methodology is focusing on ASHRAE seven point scale, when assessing the thermal sensation. In this respect, a survey regarding the thermal sensation of the occupants indicated that a low percent (5.55%) felt uncomfortable during the religious services. The majority of occupants (77.77%) felt comfortable and do not need a cooler environment. The results are in concordance with the participants’ age profiles: older persons preferring higher indoor temperatures.
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Islam, Rezuana, and Khandaker Shabbir Ahmed. "Indoor Thermal Environment and Occupant’s Living Pattern of Traditional Timber Houses in Tropics." Designs 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5010010.
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Traditional timber houses in tropics have specific environmental characteristics that evolved considering material constraints, local construction technology and climate. To provide occupants with the necessary comfort, these naturally ventilated houses adopted several passive design strategies. Moreover, occupants have unique living patterns which may have contributed towards achieving indoor thermal comfort. However, scientific knowledge regarding these issues is still limited. Therefore, considering traditional timber houses of Bangladesh as sample cases, this study aims to investigate existing relationship between an indoor thermal environment and an occupant’s living pattern within these tropical houses. Physical measurement of thermal parameters and questionnaire surveys followed by personal observations were conducted. Findings show that indoor air temperature (AT °C) fluctuates readily with that outdoors without a timelag resulting in daytime overheating. The occupant’s daytime thermal sensation is mostly slightly warm to hot. Semi-open and outdoor shaded spaces become a way to cope with the daytime overheating period. Occupants frequently use indoor spaces during the night when thermal sensation ranges between neutral to slightly cool. Finally, from the findings an interpretational graph has been developed relating indoor thermal environment with occupant’s living pattern within a traditional timber house. Findings will contribute to professionals and policy-makers developing architectural design strategies that may impact the occupant’s well-being in future.
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Horneț, Mircea Horne, Raluca Dania Todor, Nicolae Fani Iordan, Mircea Drăghici, Cristian Năstac, and Paraschiva Mizgan. "Thermo-Aeraulic Simulation of Mono Façade Natural Ventilation." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.514.
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Natural ventilation is an energy efficient alternative for reducing the energy use in buildings, achieving thermal comfort and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. Differences in wind pressure along the façade and differences between indoor and outdoor temperatures create a natural air exchange between indoor and outdoor air. These physical processes are complex, and predicting ventilation rates is difficult. This paper presents a method for determining natural ventilation air flow in single-façade thermo-air system by simulating the room using the program TRNSYS 16. Theoretical checking of the airflow obtained by simulation was performed by comparing the thermal response in the room following the simulation, with interior temperatures measured during the experiment.
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Binarti, Floriberta, Hanson E. Kusuma, Surjamanto Wonorahardjo, and Sugeng Triyadi. "PERANAN UNSUR-UNSUR RUANG TERBUKA PADA TINGKAT KENYAMANAN TERMAL OUTDOOR: ANTARA PERSEPSI DAN PENGETAHUAN." Jurnal Arsitektur KOMPOSISI 12, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jars.v12i1.1645.
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Abstract: Surface morphology, surface material, greenery, anthropogenic heat and air pollutants are known as the elements that determine the thermal environment performance. These elements, hence, should determine the outdoor thermal comfort level. However, previous studies mentioned that the role of psychological adaptation in outdoor thermal comfort is greater than in the indoor. Therefore, exploring perceived elements, which determine the thermal environment, could enrich the perspective of a design approach of thermally comfortable open spaces. This study aims to explore the perceived elements of thermal environment, which contribute to the outdoor thermal comfort using open-ended questions of an online questionnaire. Several keywords obtained by the content analysis of 101 respondents’ answers affirm the role of the thermal environment elements in modifying the thermal environment. Tree or greenery, the most frequently appeared keyword, showed as the strongest perceived element. New keywords that significantly appeared; i.e. visual aspects, supporting facilities, and tranquility; indicate the importance of thermo-spatial perception approach in designing livable and thermally comfortable outdoor environment.Keywords: elements of thermal environment, outdoor thermal comfort, perception, psychological adaptation,Abstraksi: Morfologi permukaan, permukaan material, area hijau, panas antropogenik dan polutan udara diketahui sebagai elemen-elemen yang menentukan performansi lingkungan termal. Dengan demikian, elemen-elemen tersebut seharusnya menentukan tingkat kenyamanan termal outdoor. Namun, beberapa studi menyebutkan peranan adaptasi psikis pada kenyamanan termal outdoor yang lebih besar dibandingkan pada kenyamanan termal indoor. Oleh karenanya, eksplorasi elemen-elemen yang dipersepsikan menentukan lingkungan termal dapat memperkaya perspektif pendekatan studi ruang terbuka yang nyaman secara termal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggali elemen-elemen lingkungan termal yang dipersepsikan berperan pada kenyamanan termal outdoor dengan menggunakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang bersifat open-ended di dalam kuesioner online. Beberapa kata kunci yang dihasilkan oleh analisis konten dari 101 responden mengkonfirmasi peranan elemen-elemen lingkungan termal di dalam memodifikasi lingkungan termal. Pohon atau greenery, kata kunci yang paling sering muncul, menunjukkan sebagai elemen yang dipersepsikan paling kuat. Kata kunci baru yang muncul secara signifikan, yaitu: aspek visual, fasilitas penunjang, dan ketenangan; mengindikasikan pentingnya pendekatan persepsi termo-spasial di dalam merancang lingkungan outdoor yang hidup dan nyaman secara termal.Kata kunci: adaptasi psikis, kenyamanan termal outdoor, persepsi, unsur-unsur lingkungan termal
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Schuss, Matthias, Mahnameh Taheri, Ulrich Pont, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in the Kindergarten Hart - A Case Study of a Unique Sustainable Building Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.500.
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The present contribution, reports on the results of ongoing research efforts on performance assessment of a number of buildings designed by the Austrian architect, Konrad Frey. He is a pioneer of energy-efficient architecture, and his designs, those dating back to the 1970s, adapted the principles of modern solar houses. The current study focuses on the Kindergarten Hart, which was especially designed focusing on the availability of cross ventilation option in building. For the purpose of analyzing thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and the occupants’ adaptive actions with respect to natural ventilation, we conducted long-term monitoring under summer and winter conditions. The monitoring efforts covered indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, as well as the state of windows. Thereby, study of the monitored dataset provides a better understanding of the building performance. Moreover, it makes it possible to examine whether the architect’s expectations in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels are fulfilled or not. In addition, investigation of the occupants’ interactions with windows, together with indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, assists understanding of possible associations between the window opening/closing and environmental parameters, as well as potential optimization of the control-oriented actions.
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Makaka, Golden. "A Pedestrian Approach to Indoor Temperature Distribution Prediction of a Passive Solar Energy Efficient House." Journal of Renewable Energy 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/128496.
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With the increase in energy consumption by buildings in keeping the indoor environment within the comfort levels and the ever increase of energy price there is need to design buildings that require minimal energy to keep the indoor environment within the comfort levels. There is need to predict the indoor temperature during the design stage. In this paper a statistical indoor temperature prediction model was developed. A passive solar house was constructed; thermal behaviour was simulated using ECOTECT and DOE computer software. The thermal behaviour of the house was monitored for a year. The indoor temperature was observed to be in the comfort level for 85% of the total time monitored. The simulation results were compared with the measured results and those from the prediction model. The statistical prediction model was found to agree (95%) with the measured results. Simulation results were observed to agree (96%) with the statistical prediction model. Modeled indoor temperature was most sensitive to the outdoor temperatures variations. The daily mean peak ones were found to be more pronounced in summer (5%) than in winter (4%). The developed model can be used to predict the instantaneous indoor temperature for a specific house design.
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Hamdani ; Nancy Yusnita Nugroho, Natalia. "EFFECT OF BUILDING FORM WITH INNER COURT AND HEIGHT VARIATIONS ON THERMAL COMFORT OUTDOOR SPACE IN SUDIRMAN SUITES APARTMENT BANDUNG." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 04 (October 5, 2019): 414–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i04.3523.414-431.
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Abstract- Designing apartment as a vertical residence should not only pay attention to aesthetics value but also aspects comfort aspects, such as thermal comfort. Apartment thermal comfort is not only limited to indoor units but also outdoor space as residents’ communal area. Sudirman Suites Apartment built in the center of Bandung City with limited land availability is selected as the research object because of the uniqueness of the building form with inner court and height variation that allows the availability of outdoor space on the floor above. Sudirman Suite Apartments’ building form and height can affect the site’s microclimate and outdoor space thermal comfort. This study aims to determine the effect of building form with inner court and height variation to thermal comfort of apartment outdoor space as well as the right solution to improve it. This study used quantitative method, with descriptive evaluative type of research. Measurements were taken on the Sudirman Suite Apartment outdoor space such as ground floor parking area, terrace, and aisle, 1st floor inner court, 2nd floor roof garden, and sky garden on 9th and 11th floor. The measurement data then calculated into thermal comfort perception and analyzed based on theories of literature study result to reach conclusion. Influence of the building form and height to outdoor space thermal comfort the thermal comfort of Sudirman Suites Apartment analysis divided into: outdoor space on the main mass with inner court and height variations, pilotis on the ground floor of the main mass, and supporting mass addition. Besides of the building form and height, environmental factors also affect the outdoor space thermal comfort such as wind and radiative temperatures in each outdoor space. Based on this study, it is known that there is significant effect of the apartment’s form with inner court, where the comparison between blocking tower height and comparable distance between towers makes inner court area air flow tend to be low. Pilotis on the ground floor increases the speed of air flow on the ground floor. Sun radiation reduction occurs in the sky garden area overshadowed by building form with height variation. Outdoor space elements optimization is considered less optimal in supporting thermal comfort, such as the lack of plants and rooftop surface area dominated by hardscape. Key Words: apartment, outdoor space, thermal comfort, Bandung Sudirman Suites
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Ha, Pham, Pham Binh, and Nguyen Hoa. "Simple method to improve the TCXDVN 306:2004 indoor climate standard for closed office workplaces in Vietnam." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2021.30.1.11.
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Thermal comfort is an important parameter of indoor climate, which affects office worker health and productivity, and also aids planning for energy efficient building design and operation. To provide satisfactory thermal comfort in office workplaces under hot and humid outdoor conditions, most contemporary office buildings in Vietnam are fitted with ducted air-conditioning systems. The current Vietnamese standard TCXDVN 306:2004 for indoor climate was derived from thermal comfort research conducted between the 1960s and 1980s. This standard is limited by various drawbacks, including no distinction between natural or artificial environments. In response, this 2018 research provides physical measurements and opinion surveys of current indoor climatic conditions in representative office workplaces in three regions of Vietnam: North, Central and South. The measurement results have been transformed into ET, PMV and PPD indicators, which value demonstrate the shortcomings of the TCXDVN 306:2004 standard, while providing a baseline input for updating this standard to meet the thermal comfort needs of air-conditioned office workplaces, based on the concept of probability comfort, which are integral with the ISO and the ASHRAE standard.
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Kim, Amy, Shuoqi Wang, Ji-Eun Kim, and Dorothy Reed. "Indoor/Outdoor Environmental Parameters and Window-Opening Behavior: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis." Buildings 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040094.
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In moderate climates, the operation of windows is the most common way to control for thermal comfort. Window-opening behavior (WOB) is a complex process influenced by multiple factors, yet only simple bi-variate analyses between variables obtained from longitudinal datasets have been examined. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of indoor and outdoor environmental parameters on WOB using a statistical modeling approach called “structural equation modeling.” The results show that the indoor environmental parameters, such as operative temperature and air velocity, mediated the relationship between the outdoor environmental parameters, such as outdoor air temperature and wind gust, and the WOB. The indoor wet-bulb globe temperature rose as the solar radiation increased, and subsequently, both parameters affected the WOB. Also, an increase in outdoor wind gust led to higher indoor air velocity, which in turn resulted in a lower chance of occupants opening the window. By enhancing our understanding of the relationship between these theoretical parameters, improved design strategies on the mediating parameters can be prioritized and communicated early in the building design phase leading to more informed design decisions.
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Zhang, Lei, Jingyuan Zhao, Jiaping Liu, and Ming Chang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Environment of Collection Multi-Layer Settlement Residential Building in Winter—Take the Herdsmen Settlement in Western Mountain Grassland as an Example." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6154.
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This study aimed to analyze the winter indoor thermal environment of collection multi-layer settlement residential building in China’s western mountain grassland area. The method of analysis is field testing and data calculation, include indoor air temperature and humidity, outdoor air temperature and humidity, thermal comfort index. The result shows the relationship between indoor thermal environment, envelope materials, heating methods, location of rooms and building type. In addition, the influence was quantified in 0~11 °C in winter. Finally, advice put forward to promote the indoor thermal environment.
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Deng, Xiang, and Zijing Tan. "Numerical analysis of local thermal comfort in a plan office under natural ventilation." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 972–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19866497.
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The utilisation of automatic controlled natural wind in office buildings to maintain indoor thermal comfort has gained wide attention in recent years. Generally, it is not necessary to ensure that the whole internal volume of a building with large open spaces meets thermal comfort requirements. Primary focus should be on occupied areas. Accordingly, the local thermal comfort in an open-plan office with automatic controlled natural ventilation system was investigated numerically and experimentally. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based method was presented for indoor environment and thermal comfort prediction. Long-term in situ measurement was conducted during summer and transition seasons. The meteorological data were collected by a mini weather station located on the roof of the target building. Meanwhile, indoor air velocity, temperature, turbulence intensity and wall temperatures were recorded locally. Three thermal comfort indices, i.e. thermal stratification represented by percentage dissatisfied (PD), the extended predicted mean vote (PMVe) and draught rate were employed to evaluate the thermal comfort level of the interested areas during natural ventilation period. The numerical results revealed a risk of local thermal dissatisfaction under low outdoor temperature and strong windy conditions.
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Kisnarini, Rika, Johannes Krisdianto, and Iwan Adi Indrawan. "Contribution of Balcony on Thermal Comfort : Rusunawa Surabaya." Open House International 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0003.
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Dwelling, which is a basic human need (Maslow, 1970) should act as an object of technology that serves as a place for individuals or families to conduct all their daily activities in order to meet their needs in life. In case of sustainability, thermal comfort is one of the most important comfort conditions that must be achieved (Szokolay SV, 1980). Proper air movement control may lessen the demand for energy, thus reducing the expense of providing a comfortable home (Boutet, 1987). However, to ensure the acceleration of air movement, the availability of both inlet and outlet openings in the building or space become an absolute requirement (Olgyay Victor, 1973). Rusunawa is a typical rental-apartment in Indonesia that served for low income families. The types of existing space generally include: a multi-functional space, a kitchen, and a bathroom/WC, and sometimes is furnished by a balcony. There is only one living space in rusunawa that is the multi-functional space which is often used for: living, sleeping, studying, watching TV, eating, storing, child-caring, and probably more other functions. Not to mention if the family has a home-based business. Among rusunawa unit types that existed in all fourteen locations in Surabaya, some of them were built without a really outdoor balcony, meaning that the balconies were provided indoor, instead of in the cantilever system. These indoor balconies accommodate the same household activities as those of outdoor balconies. However, the contribution to the internal thermal comfort may not be the same. By using Ecotect analysis 2011 program, This research intends to investigate the comparison of thermal conditions of the inner space between rusunawa unit having a balcony (outdoor), and rusunawa unit without a balcony (indoor). The result of this comparison is meant to convince the contribution of unit having a balcony to the thermal comfort of inner space, to ensure whether the design of the future rusunawa units should be equipped with a balcony or not. To further reassure its contribution, this experiment is continued by comparing between unit having just a balcony and unit having a balcony that equipped with sun-devices.
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Chen, Jing, Jia Ping Liu, Li Juan Wang, Ying Ying Wang, and Fang Wang. "Qilou Building Climate Adaptation in Tropical Climate Zone of China: A Study on Haikou Qilou Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6503.
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Qilou buildings as a type of modern buildings in southeast China play an important role in the local social life. In this paper, we selected the representative Haikou Qilou building as an example. Through long-term observation and testing under typical climate conditions, we introduced the Qilou building strategies that respond to the natural environment. By comparing these strategies, we can find whether these strategies meet indoor thermal comfort. Through the study, we found that Haikou Qilou buildings can effectively solve the outdoor sheltering problem, but the long depth of Qilou building makes it difficult to effectively distribute indoor heat by using pressure ventilation. As a result, the actual indoor temperature is higher than indoor comfort temperature by 1-2 °C. Finally, according to the results of the study, some advices are offered to improve Qilou buildings.
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Zhu, Yuemei, Jing Liu, Aya Hagishima, Jun Tanimoto, Yang Yao, and Zuiliang Ma. "Evaluation of coupled outdoor and indoor thermal comfort environment and anthropogenic heat." Building and Environment 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.019.
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Ahmed, Mostafa M. S., Ali K. Abel-Rahman, and Ahmed Hamza H. Ali. "Development of Intelligent Façade Based on Outdoor Environment and Indoor Thermal Comfort." Procedia Technology 19 (2015): 742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.105.
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Stevanovic, Zana, Gradimir Ilic, Mica Vukic, Predrag Zivkovic, Bratislav Blagojevic, and Milos Banjac. "CFD simulations of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primary school classrooms." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 1 (2016): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150414171s.
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The purpose of Thermal Comfort is to specify the combinations of indoor space environment and personal factors that will produce thermal environment conditions acceptable to 80% or more of the occupants within a space. Naturally ventilated indoors has a very complex air movement, which depends on numerous variables such as: outdoor interaction, intensity of infiltration, the number of openings, the thermal inertia of walls, occupant behaviors, etc. The most important mechanism for naturally ventilated indoors is the intensity of infiltration and thermal buoyancy mechanism. In this study the objective was to determine indicators of thermal comfort for children, by the CFD model based on experimental measurements with modification on turbulent and radiant heat transfer mathematical model. The case study was selected on school children aged 8 and 9 years in primary school ?France Presern?, Belgrade. The purpose was to evaluate the relationships between the indoor environment and the subjective responses. Also there was analysis of infiltration and stack effect based on meterological data on site. The main parameters that were investigated are: operative temperature, radiant temperature, concentration of CO2 and air velocity. The new correction of turbulence and radiative heat transfer models has been validated by comparison with experimental data using additional statistical indicators. It was found that both turbulence model correct and the new radiative model of nontransparent media have a significant influence on CFD data set accuracy.
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Zhang, Xin, Junjie Liu, Xilei Dai, and Jingjing Pei. "Experimental Analysis of Residential Ventilation and Dehumidification Strategies in Chongqing." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101004.
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As a typical representative city of China’s hot and humid climate zone, Chongqing has an average annual relative humidity of 70% - 80%. Continuous online monitoring of indoor air quality (IAQ) were conducted in more than 20 residents of Chongqing city. It was found that the apartments in the area had excessive indoor absolute humidity in summer (far exceed the ASHRAE recommended comfort limit—12g/kg) and excessive indoor relative humidity in winter and transitional seasons. It is necessary to dehumidify the outdoor intake air during the summer and decrease the indoor related humidity during the winter and transition seasons. Based on the above two points, it is proposed to adopt a fresh air system with dehumidification function in Chongqing, which can remove excessive absolute humidity caused by outdoor air in high humidity month. The fresh air system, which changes natural ventilation to mechanical ventilation, increase indoor insulation effect and reduce relative humidity.
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Di, Yu Hui, Zi Long Xu, and Chun Yang Jiang. "Investigation on Thermal Environment in Railway Station Waiting Room." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4100–4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4100.
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Takes a field measurement in traffic statistics, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, analyzes the thermal environment of the railway station waiting room of Xi’an. Investigates the thermal comfort status using ASHRAE seven sensation scales by questionnaires, survey the people’s satisfaction to the environment of waiting room.
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Chiesa, Giacomo, Silvia Cesari, Miguel Garcia, Mohammad Issa, and Shuyang Li. "Multisensor IoT Platform for Optimising IAQ Levels in Buildings through a Smart Ventilation System." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205777.
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) issues have a direct impact on the health and comfort of building occupants. In this paper, an experimental low-cost system has been developed to address IAQ issues by using a distributed internet of things platform to control and monitor the indoor environment in building spaces while adopting a data-driven approach. The system is based on several real-time sensor data to model the indoor air quality and accurately control the ventilation system through algorithms to maintain a comfortable level of IAQ by balancing indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations using the Indoor Air Quality Index approach. This paper describes hardware and software details of the system as well as the algorithms, models, and control strategies of the proposed solution which can be integrated in detached ventilation systems. Furthermore, a mobile app has been developed to inform, in real time, different-expertise-user profiles showing indoor and outdoor IAQ conditions. The system is implemented in a small prototype box and early-validated with different test cases considering various pollutant concentrations, reaching a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3–4.