Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communautés rurales – Sénégal'
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Ba, Magatte. "Paysages et communautés rurales au Sénégal occidental : approche intégrée par cartographie assistée et télédétection satellitaire." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1012.
Full textDiop, Djibril. "Dynamiques territoriales, décentralisation et enjeux de développement local dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal : cas des communautés rurales de la région de Matam." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010519.
Full textDiop, Mor. "Aménagement de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : formation paysanne et processus de responsabilisation." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30025.
Full textSummary : a brief presentation of the physical and human environment to delimit the context of the study is followed by an analysis of the historical development of the area. The work them focuses on the difficulties and constraints that have delayed participation and responsabilisation of the farmers in the operation and management of differents types of perimeters in the delta and the senegal river valley. The study is particularly concerned with issues related to agricultural extension through the analysis of the relations between extension workers and farmers. The work concludes by giving a fameworh of the basis of smallholder agriculture development well structured and self sustained in the dynamics of the post-dams era
Baldé, Mamadou Lamarana. "L'aménagement des périmètres intermédiaires de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal (rive gauche) : bilan et perspectives." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20085.
Full textToure, Khady. "L'appropriation des stratégies d'information par les organisations paysannes du bassin arachidier sénégalais dans la vulgarisation phytosanitaire : médiations du professionnel de l'information et de la documentation." Grenoble 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE39026.
Full textTouré, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale : les effets sociopolitique de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21256.
Full textNdiaye, Assane. "Les Réponses villageoises apportées à la politique étatique de développement en milieu rural : étude de cas de la communauté rurale de Lambaye au Sénégal." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20018.
Full textFollowing economic difficulties characterised by third world countries in general and especially black Africa, sponsors such as the Word Band (WB), the International Monetary Funds (IMF) are going to encourage these countries to adopt the programmes of Structural Adjustement (PSA) in the aim of balancing their public expenses
Repussard, Clément. "Le service public de l'eau potable en milieu rural au Sénégal : l’exemple de la Communauté rurale de Moudéry." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10070/document.
Full textThis research aims to analyse the service of drinking water in rural Senegal, from the example of four villages in the rural community of Moudéry. This research was conducted alongside with an operational work in a development program conducted by the French NGO GRET.The issue of the daily service is situated in the long history. The conditions of production and operation of the service are made in relation to the process of state building and changes in village societies, but also to the succession of international programs of access to drinking water.The first section establishes the inventory of social science research on the public water in West Africa. The second chapter describes the history of the Senegalese public policy of water in rural areas since the beginning of the twentieth century. The third chapter then analyzes the diversity of coexisting water services at local level. Then in the fourth chapter, the fragmentation patterns of service delivery of public water is described. The fifth chapter describes this fragmentation at the village level, from four village case studies, which trace the evolution of drinking water systems since the 1980s and the enbodiement of management service in the village social structures . The final chapter focuses on the articulation of different social spaces and water policies. The different scales of citizenship defining rights and duties brought into play by the water service are proved complementary, although the canonical definition of public service does not match what is observed in the field. The role of government in particular are more similar to a brokerage in institutionalized mechanisms for allocation of development projects than the regulation of the service or project management of technical infrastructure
Diagne, Abdoulaye. "Les mutations agraires et la gestion des ressources naturelles dans le centre-ouest sénégalais : la communauté rurale de Ngoye." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30048.
Full textThe changes which have affected the agrarian system in this densely populated part of Senegal began to be felt as soon as the groundnut was introduced in the nineteenth century. However it was only following attempts - centered on groundnut production - to modernize agriculture that the rural system underwent a profound transformation. The vegetation cover has declined and the soil has become less productive, both surface and underground water bodies have become scarce, game has disappeared entirely, bovine herds have been driven towards Ferlo and the tann, and demographic pressure on the land has reached a peak. Today, many features of pre-colonial Sereer social organization subsist, but the changes underway herald an unprecedented upheaval. The agrarian transformations, the high density of the population, continual emigration at an increasingly early age, and the consequences of that emigration for the local economy, all continue to determine new conditions of land tenure, as well as new social, environmental and even political issues in the villages in the area
Ndao, Ibou. "Articulation entre terroirs villageois et collectivités locales dans le processus de la décentralisation : pratiques de gestion, logiques d'usage et représentation du territoire : cas de la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio au Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20004.
Full textDecentralization in rural Senegalese medium has followed a long process. Since 1972, the authorities always have posted a real will of promotion of the local participation by the means of several reforms aiming the local organization and the operation of the communities. These reforms will devote the responsabilisation of the local actors in a collective development of resources and stock management. These decentralization occurs in a context of disengagement of the State which transfers to the local communities more competences than means. Thus the rural role of the council, authority of decision elected within the rural community was to harmonize the development on the communal level of the territory. It must articulate in a coherent way the practices and logics of action of the whole of the village soils to sit as a common management space with the aim of a better integration in the various activities one the whole of the community. The interest of this research is to account for the various strategies of the socio-professional groups around the capacity transferred for the stock management. These strategies which are the cause of various conflicts between the actors, in particular between the peasants and the stockbreeders, made it possible to found a process of negotiation to find a compromised allowing a common management of the space of the community and its resources. This compromised means at the rural Community level of Ross Béthio, the installation of a Plan of Occupation and Assignment of the Grounds
Goudiaby, Mamadou. "Les parcs agroforestiers en Basse Casamance : Contribution du Parkia biglobosa (néré)à la réduction des risques de pauvreté des ménages de la communauté rurale de Mangagoulack, au Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30035/30035.pdf.
Full textMbaye, Khady. "Analyse de la transformation institutionnelle des organisations de microfinance en milieu rural au Sénégal." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0034.
Full textThis thesis analyses, trough a case study, the operation of a rural micro-credit program implemented by Plan international NGO. It has then been changed into a formal institution and integrated into one of the largest network of mutual organizations in Senegal: UMPAMECAS. Our objective was to show how micro-finance organizations reconcile social and financial logics that are primarily contradictory, in their action after institutional changes. Considering the diversity of rules and operation modes observed in the institutions under scrutiny, we have mobilized the convention economy to build the framework of our analysis. The thesis is based on a diachronic quantitative analysis of those logics to understand what underlies them, power mechanism and stakes that make them evolve and stabilize. For a period from 2006 through 2008, we surveyed 169 people from different (wages-earners, elected, credits beneficiaries, etc.). This work has cast light on the transformation process of rural microfinance and its stakes. We have shown that, thanks to a methodology combining several principles from different cities, but essentially related to a “social logic”, the first generation of microfinance institutions have enabled several people living in rural areas, whose economic profile did not appeal to commercial banks, to get access to financial services. The institutional transformations induced by endogenous and exogenous facts have brought changes which should be dealt with by the institutions to ensure their sustainability. Our research has shown that to survive the transition and avoid conflicts, consultations should be conducted all through the process with all the stakeholders for all to agree on the objective of the transition, the way the process should be conducted and the reforms that need to be implemented. Besides, the newly implemented procedures should match local specificities. Furthermore, this thesis has shown the supremacy of the “tontine” systems (rotating saving and credit associations). Those systems have deeply evolved and enriched due to the hybridization of commercial, domestic and civic rules that make them today local organizations that strongly challenge formal structures in the collecting of savings
Toure, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale: les effets sociopolitiques de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26728/26728.pdf.
Full textSenghor, Massila Wagué. "Eco-épidémiologie des phlébotomes dans le foyer de leishmaniose canine de la Communauté Rurale de Mont-Rolland, (Thiès, Sénégal) : le genre Sergentomyia, vecteur de Leishmania infantum ce." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20119/document.
Full textAbstractThe rural community of Mont-Rolland (Thiès, Sénégal) is an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis described since 1970. Recent epidemiological studies showed that the causative agent is Leishmania infantum with well established transmission cycle throughout the area. However, despite the several epidemiological studies, the vector species is still unknown. So far, no species of Phlebotomus belongs to Larroussius and Adlerius subgenera, known as vector of L. infantum, was identified in Senegal. In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to identify potential vectors of the disease and to characterize the cycle of canine leishmaniasis transmission by ecological, parasitological and molecular studies on sandfly populations. Thus, 7442 specimens were collected by sticky traps, light traps and indoor spraying with pyrethroid insecticide from different environments (intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary, culture area, isolated area) and different villages and ecosystems (sandy soils, lateritic gravel soils and sandy clay soils). Nine species of sand flies were identified; two belong to the Phlebotomus genus, P. duboscqi (vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Senegal) and P. rodhaini, the other species belong to the Sergentomyia genus, S. adleri, S. clydei, S. antennata, S. buxtoni, S. dubia, S. schwetzi, and S. magna. Two species of the Phlebotomus genus were significantly underrepresented (292 specimens) compared to species of the Sergentomyia genus (7150 specimens). The spatial distribution of sand flies is heterogeneous depending on the village, the ecosystem and environment, suggesting that several species are capable of transmitting the parasite. Parasitological and molecular studies (diagnostic PCR of Leishmania) revealed that three species of Sergentomyia were infected with L. infantum, S. dubia (dissection and PCR), S. schwetzi (dissection and PCR) and S. magna (PCR). It is worth noting that more than 2% of un-fed females of these species were PCR-positive, emphasizing the survival of parasites after digestion. All other species were found to be negative in both PCR and dissection. In addition, statistical analysis showed that 1) the distribution of S. dubia is significantly associated with seroprevalence in dogs, 2) PCR-positive individuals of S. schwetzi are significantly associated with seroprevalence in dogs, 3) there is a significant effect of PCR-positive sand flies (all species considered) on seroprevalence in humans. All these data demonstrated for the first time that three species of Sergentomyia, S. dubia, S. schwetzi and probably S. magna, are the vectors of the canine leishmaniasis in the Mont-Rolland commune. The results presented in this study challenge the dogma which states that only the Phlebotomus genus would be capable of transmitting Leishmania parasites in the Old World. The behaviour and distribution of these three species and their infected specimens allowed us to propose a model of transmission in the focus
Fabre, Coline C. "L'adaptation des agriculteurs vivriers du Sénégal au changement climatique : cas de la communauté rurale de Sessène." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4537.
Full textSenegal is located in a sudano-sahelian region vulnerable to climate change that renders agriculture, the country's main activity, precarious. In fact, changing climate conditions, particularly since the late 1960s, have considerably weakened the agricultural sector, which is mostly subsistence and pluvial in nature. Because of the importance of the country’s subsistence agriculture, it is imperative to know how subsistence farmers in Senegal have changed or will change their practices in order to satisfy their nutritional requirements in the context of climate change and variability. This study was undertaken in the rural community of Sessène using a qualitative approach composed on interviews, participant observation and phenomenological analysis. The research revealed the general characteristics of the agrarian families and farms, demonstrated how farmers dealt with climate change in the recent past and how they envisage doing so in the next few years, all aimed at contributing to a discussion of their adaptive capacity. In response to the shortening of the rainy season, the decrease in rainfall, the increased frequency of extreme events and the impacts of these changes on the natural environment, subsistence farmers are adopting both technical and socio-economic measures.