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1

Sieh, Raymond. "Self-lubricating non-cyanide silver-polytetrafluoroethylene composite coating for threaded compression fittings." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9703.

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Silver is a precious metal that has traditionally been used for jewellery and money. It also possesses desirable properties such as being corrosion resistant and having good electrical conductivity, resulting in its use for industrial applications. Furthermore, it is also recognised for its tribological properties in non-cost prohibitive applications. Silver can be used as a surface coating and can be deposited using an electroplating process. The utilisation of silver as a surface coating is advantageous and sustainable, as the substrate material properties are enhanced while usage of silver is kept to a minimum. On the other hand, electroplating has been used for over a century. It is a process which is able to produce a layer of uniform and dense coating that adheres well to the substrate metal, thus modifying the properties of the substrate. It benefits from being relatively low cost and is scalable. Silver is electroplated onto stainless steel threaded compression fittings to prevent galling. Traditional silver electroplating, which contains the use of cyanide as a complexing agent in the electroplating bath, is still in use within industry, even to this day. Cyanide, in its various forms can be poisonous, toxic and even lethal, which presents a risk during the silver electroplating process. Furthermore, the toxic wastes created during the cyanide silver electroplating process are detrimental to the environment. The aim of this work is to develop a self-lubricating non-cyanide silver PTFE composite coating suitable for use in threaded compression fittings of the ferruled type. The composite can be considered self-lubricating when a concentration of 8% or more by volume of the self-lubricating PTFE substance is incorporated. My original contribution to knowledge is firstly the successful development and characterisation of a self-lubricating non-cynanide Ag-PTFE coating on stainless steel without a strike resulting in improved CoF of 0.06 from the CoF of 0.6 based on an unlubricated surface. Secondly is the application of a non-cyanide Ag-PTFE MMC for threaded compression fittings. Thirdly is the characterisation of the make-up process of threaded compression fittings through the proposed use of the torque-angle slope in assessing coating performance for threaded compression fittings during make-up. Conclusions that can be drawn for the work are that the performance non-cyanide Ag-PTFE coating exceeded the performance of the pure Ag coating made using the same non-cyanide process. Moreover, the performance of the Ag-PTFE coating shows promising results when compared to the performance of the commercial silver cyanide coating. As a viable replacement to the current silver cyanide process, the self-lubricating non-cyanide Ag-PTFE coating, will improve the working conditions and have a positive contribution to the environment. Moreover, a thinner coating with has the potential to reduce raw material usage and electroplating waste disposal costs.
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Miller, David J. "The selection and testing of compression seal and chamber coating materials for the pivotal engine™." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1569.

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Wear and friction tests were conducted on a rotational tribometer to identify material couples for compression seals and chamber coatings to extend the service life of the Pivotal Engine™. Potential materials were identified based on reports in the literature of successful use in similar environments. From the rotational tribometer tests, the best material couple was found to be reaction bonded silicon nitride against a Sulzer Metco F4301 plasma sprayed coating followed by a Total Seal TiN coated seal against the F4301 coating. However, the performance predicted by the rotational tribometer was not realised in a fired engine, where the TiN coated seal wore almost as fast as an uncoated seal. This discrepancy was due to the large differences in operating conditions between the rotational tribometer and the fired engine, particularly the reciprocating motion of the engine. The different operating conditions mean that the results from the rotational tribometer have little or no relevance actual performance in the engine. To overcome the limitations of the rotational tribometer a reciprocating tribometer was designed and built. The performance predicted by the reciprocating tribometer was much closer to the observed wear rates from the engine, particularly with the Total Seal TiN coated seals. Some of the results from the reciprocating tribometer were a direct-contradiction to those obtained on the rotational tribometer. When tested on the rotational tribometer the nitrided stainless steel seal wear rate was lower than that of the Mazda cast iron seal. However, on the reciprocating tribometer the Mazda cast iron seal had a lower wear rate than the nitrided stainless steel seal. From the testing conducted on the reciprocating tribometer the best material couple was found to be Total Seal TiN coated seals on the F4301 chamber coating. However, this material couple cannot be recommended to increase the seal life in the Pivotal Engine™ because at the conclusion of a twenty hour test the Total Seal TiN coating had worn through to the substrate. In addition to testing different materials, different oils were tested while keeping the wear couple constant. The oil that offered the best wear protection to both the seal and chamber coating was Castrol A747. These tests showed that different oils have as much effect as different materials. Even with the best material combinations (Total Seal TiN seal, F4301 chamber coating) the seal wear rates in the Pivotal Engine™ are much higher than would be expected in other engines. This leads to the hypothesis that the origin of high seal wear in the Pivotal Engine™ is not due to material properties, but to design issues. The most likely problem is distortion of the chamber, which causes high localised seal loadings, and in turn causing high seal wear.
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3

Ghazal, Nadia Abder Rahman Ali. "Influence of excipients on stabilisation of amorphous cefuroxime axetil under process conditions of compression and coating." Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413061.

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4

Ståhlberg, Daniel. "Thermoset polymers and coatings subjected to high compressive loads." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4091.

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This study describes the mechanical response of thermoset polymers under high compressive loads. The study is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the behaviour of a powder coating when used in a clamping force joint and how the properties vary when the chemical and physical structure of the coating is changed. The second part discusses the fundamental understanding of the behaviour of thermoset polymers with small thickness-to-width ratio subjected to compressive stresses, the aim being to develop mathematical material models for viscoelastic materials under high compressive loads. In the first part polyester powder coatings were used with variations in molecular weight, number of functional groups of the resin, amount and type of filler and thickness of the coating. The coatings were subjected to conventional tests for coatings and polymers and also to specially designed tests developed to study the behaviour of powder coatings in clamping force joints. The high compressive loads in a clamping force joint put high demands on the relaxation and creep resistance of the coating and the study shows the importance of crosslink density, filler content, and also coating thickness in order to achieve the desired mechanical properties of a coating. A high reactivity of the resin, facilitating a high crosslink density and hence a high Tg, is the most important property of the coating. A film with high crosslink density shows increase in relaxation time and in apparent yield strength under compression, and also an increase in relaxation modulus and storage modulus in tension at temperatures above Tg. Addition of fillers reduces the deformation during compression and tension, but also induces a lower strain at break and hence a more brittle coating. The reinforcing effect of the fillers is pronounced when increasing the crosslink density of the coating, especially in the compression tests. The effect is evident in compression even at low amounts of fillers, where the relaxation time and resistance to deformation are strongly increased. The combination of high crosslink density and addition of fillers is therefore desirable since fillers then can be used moderately in order to achieve a reinforcing effect in compression while minimising embrittlement. The study also showed that increased coating thickness will give rise to defects in the coating, especially voids and blisters due to evaporation of water formed during the curing of the polyester powder coating. These defects will give rise to stress concentrations and increased plastic deformations in the coating, impairing the properties of the clamping force joint. The results from relaxation tests in tension were used to create a micromechanical model. This model was used in finite element modelling to estimate the loss of clamping force in a screw joint and to correlate with the experimental results of the powder coatings. In the second part of the study a well-defined free radically cured vinyl ester resin was used and studied in six different geometries in order to determine the dependence of apparent mechanical properties on the particular size and shape of a sample when it is subjected to high compressive loads. Variation of the specimen thickness, boundary conditions and loading conditions reveals that the geometry of the sample has a significant effect on the mechanical performance of the polymer. The apparent modulus and the yield strength increase dramatically when the thickness-to-width ratio of the sample is reduced, whereas they decrease when the friction between the sample and the compression plate is reduced. The creep strain rate decreases when the thickness of the material is reduced and it decreases even more when the amount of material surrounding the compressed part of the sample is increased. Creep and strain recovery tests on large specimens were used to develop a mathematical model including non-linear viscoelastic and viscoplastic response of a thermoset vinyl ester. The model was used in FEM calculations where the experimental results were compared with the calculated results in order to model the trends of the material response when varying the sample geometry.<br>QC 20100921
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5

Ko, Seunghyun. "Selecting Best Compromises among Performance Measures during In-Mold Coating of Sheet Molding Compound Compression Molding Parts." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430756657.

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6

Tunón, Åsa. "Preparation of Tablets from Reservoir Pellets with an Emphasis on the Compression Behaviour and Drug Release." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Pharmacy, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3411.

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<p>The preparation of multiple unit tablets was investigated in this thesis with the intention of gaining a deeper understanding of some of the factors that influence the properties of such tablets.</p><p>Initially, three different types of pellets (drug, soft and disintegrant pellets) were combined as a model to investigate the ability of the mixture to form disintegrating tablets. The proportions of the different pellets and the type of disintegrant used were factors that independently influenced the tablet properties. Furthermore, the properties of tablets containing drug pellets barrier-coated with an aqueous polymer dispersion were also found to depend on the coating thickness and the compaction pressure.</p><p>When compacting pellets barrier-coated with a solvent-based polymer solution without incorporating excipient particles in the tablet formulation, a high pellet porosity was advantageous to preserve the original drug release profile, even though highly porous pellets became more densified and deformed than pellets of lower porosity.</p><p>The influence of the properties of excipient particles on the deformation<b> </b>of the reservoir pellets was also studied and, although the amount of flattening of the pellets was only slightly affected, changes in the pellet shape (irregularity) with alterations in the porosity and size of the excipient particles were more substantial. In contrast, the properties of the excipient particles did not affect the pellet densification.</p><p>The solvent-based coating used was able to adapt to the changes in volume and shape that the pellets underwent during compaction. The coating structure appears to be changed by compaction and it is proposed that the final structure of the coating is the net effect of two parallel processes, one reducing and one prolonging the transport time of the drug across the coating. Thus, the drug release could be maintained or even prolonged after compaction, despite extensive structural changes of the reservoir pellets.</p>
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7

Pour, Shahid Saeed Abadi Parisa. "Mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube forests under compressive loading." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47699.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are an important class of nanomaterials with many potential applications due to their unique properties such as mechanical compliance, thermal and electrical conductance, etc. Their deformation and failure in compression loading is critical in any application involving contact because the deformation changes the nature of the contact and thus impacts the transfer of load, heat, and charge carriers across the interface. The micro- and nano-structure of the CNT forest can vary along their height and from sample to sample due to different growth parameters. The morphology of CNTs and their interaction contribute to their mechanical behavior with change of load distribution in the CNT forest. However, the relationship is complicated due to involvement of many factors such as density, orientation, and entanglement of CNTs. None of these effects, however, are well understood. This dissertation aims to advance the knowledge of the structure-property relation in CNT forests and find methodologies for tuning their mechanical behavior. The mechanical behavior of CNT forests grown with different methodologies is studied. Furthermore, the effects of coating and wetting of CNT forests are investigated as methods to tailor the degree of interaction between CNTs. In situ micro-indentation of uncoated CNT forests with distinct growth-induced structures are performed to elucidate the effects of change of morphology along the height of CNT forests on their deformation mechanism. CNT aerial density and tortuosity are found to dictate the location of incipient deformation along height of CNT forests. Macro-compression testing of uncoated CNT forests reveals mechanical failure of CNT forests by delamination at the CNT-growth substrate. Tensile loading of CNT roots due to post-buckling bending of CNTs is proposed to be the cause of this failure and simple bending theory is shown to estimate the failure load to be on the same order of magnitude as experimental measurements. Furthermore, delamination is observed to occur in the in situ micro-indentation of CNT forests coated with aluminum on the top surface, which demonstrates the role of the mechanical constraints within the CNT forest in the occurrence of delamination at the CNT-substrate interface. In addition, this dissertation explores the mechanical behavior of CNT forests coated conformally (from top to bottom) with alumina by atomic layer deposition. In situ micro-indentation testing demonstrates that the deformation mechanism of CNT forests does not change with a thin coating (2 nm) but does change with a sufficiently thick coating (10 nm) that causes fracturing of the hybrid nanotubes. Ex situ flat punch and Berkovich indentations reveal an increase in stiffness of the CNT forests that are in range with those predicted by compression and bending theories. An increase in the recoverability of the CNTs is also detected. Finally, solvent infiltration is proposed as a method of decreasing stiffness of CNT forests and changing the deformation mechanism from local to global deformations (i.e., buckling in the entire height). Presence of solvents between CNTs decreases the van der Waals forces between them and produces CNT forests with lower stiffness. The results demonstrate the effect of interaction between CNTs on the mechanical behavior. This dissertation reveals important information on the mechanical behavior of CNT forests as it relates to CNT morphology and tube-to-tube interactions. In addition, it provides a framework for future systematic experimental and theoretical investigations of the structure-property relationship in CNT forests, as well as a framework for tuning the properties of CNT forests for diverse applications.
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Alencar, Rodrigo Gomes de. "Desenvolvimento de comprimidos contendo pellets revestidos para liberação cólon específica de cetoprofeno." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4020.

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Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T10:47:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Rodrigo Gomes de Alencar - 2014.pdf: 13066901 bytes, checksum: 15e26e7a3dde863c6267ef54f83385be (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T12:58:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Rodrigo Gomes de Alencar - 2014.pdf: 13066901 bytes, checksum: 15e26e7a3dde863c6267ef54f83385be (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-30T12:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Rodrigo Gomes de Alencar - 2014.pdf: 13066901 bytes, checksum: 15e26e7a3dde863c6267ef54f83385be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain in chronic inflammatory conditions. Due to its superior potency ketoprofen can be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The treatment of IBD becomes safer and more effective when the drug is incorporated into colon-specific drug delivery systems. Pellets are multiparticulate solid dosage forms extensively investigated as colon-specific drug delivery systems. Pellets can be introduced into capsules or compressed into tablets. The industrial production of tablets containing pellets has several advantages when compared to the production of capsules. However, the compression of the pellets should not affect the release of the drug and the tablets should quickly disintegrate following administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop tablets containing ketoprofen coated pellets for colon-specific drug release. For this, pellets were produced by extrusion and spheronization technique containing 40% (w / w) ketoprofen. Ketoprofen pellets obtained were coated with two different pH - dependent polymers derived from methacrylic acid (Opadry ® k 94 or Eudragit ® FS 30D) with weight gains of 10 or 20% (w / w). The coated pellets were then compressed under different pellets’ amounts and different compression forces. An extra- granular mixture of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose was used as compression aid. The in vitro release of ketoprofen from the systems obtained was evaluated in Bio Dis ® apparatus. The morphological and physical properties of pellets and tablets were assessed. The Eudragit ® FS 30 D coated pellets with weight gains of 10 or 20% showed higher efficiency of colon-specific delivery (94 %), however, the drug was released slowly and incompletely in conditions mimicking the pH of the colonic region. After compression of the pellets, the efficiency of colon – specific drug delivery was lowered after compression (between 20% and 61%, depending on the formulation). The lowest decrease of colon specific efficiency was observed in formulations containing lower amount of pellets, which also produced disintegrating matrices with potential for use in the topical treatment of IBD.<br>O cetoprofeno é um antiinflamatório não esteroidal usado para o tratamento de dores leves a moderadas, em condições inflamatórias crônicas. Devido a sua elevada potência antiinflamatória, o cetoprofeno pode ser aproveitado no tratamento das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). O tratamento das DII se torna mais seguro e eficaz quando o fármaco é incorporado em sistemas de liberação cólon-específica. Pellets são formas farmacêuticas multiparticuladas bastante investigadas como sistemas de liberação cólon-específica. Após sua produção, os pellets podem ser inseridos em cápsulas ou comprimidos. A produção industrial de comprimidos contendo pellets apresenta inúmeras vantagens quando comparada ao processo de enchimento de cápsulas. No entanto, a compressão dos pellets não deve afetar as características de liberação do fármaco e os comprimidos formados devem se desintegrar rapidamente. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver comprimidos contendo pellets revestidos para liberação cólon-específica de cetoprofeno. Para tanto, foram produzidos pellets contendo 40% (p/p) de cetoprofeno e celulose microcristalina pela técnica de extrusão e esferonização. Os pellets de cetoprofeno obtidos foram revestidos com dois diferentes polímeros pH-dependentes, ambos derivados do ácido metacrílico (Opadry ® 94 k ou Eudragit ® FS 30) com ganhos de massa 10 ou 20% (p/p). Os pellets revestidos foram então comprimidos com diferentes cargas de pellets e submetidos a diferentes forças de compressão, utilizando como adjuvante extra-pellets uma mistura granulada de lactose e celulose microcristalina. A liberação in vitro do cetoprofeno a partir das formas farmacêuticas obtidas foi avaliada em dissolutor Bio Dis aparato III. As caracterizações morfológicas e físicas dos pellets e comprimidos foram conduzidas. Os pellets obtidos por revestimento com Eudragit ® FS 30 D, com ganhos de massa de 10 ou 20%, mostraram elevada eficiência de liberação cólon-específica in vitro (até 94%), no entanto, o fármaco foi liberado de forma lenta e incompleta em meio com pH similar ao encontrado na região colônica. Após a compressão dos pellets, os valores de eficiência de liberação cólon-específica sofreram reduções entre 20% e 61%. A menor diminuição da eficiência de liberação cólon-específica foi observada nas formulações contendo a menor carga de pellets, as quais deram origem à matrizes desintegráveis com potencial para utilização no tratamento tópico das DII.
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Benhadia, Abrehem M. A. "Evaluation of the critical parameters and polymeric coat performance in compressed multiparticulate systems." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17459.

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Compression of coated pellets is a practical alternative to capsule filling. The current practice is to add cushioning agents to minimize the stress on the coated pellets. Cushioning agents however add bulkiness and reduce the overall drug loading capacity. In this study, we investigated the performance of compressed coated pellets with no cushioning agent to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the coat behaviour using thermo-mechanical and rheological analysis techniques. Different coating formulations were made of ethyl cellulose (EC) as a coating polymer and two different kinds of additives were incorporated into the polymeric coating solution. Triethyl Citrate (TEC) and Polyethylene glycol 400(PEG400) were used as plasticizers at different levels to the coating formulations (10%, 20%, 30%). Thermal, mechanical and rheological measurements of the coating film formulations were achieved to investigate the effect of plasticizers. Thermal gravimetric analysis results (TGA) showed higher residual moisture content in films plasticised with PEG 400 compared to their TEC counterparts. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Parallel Plate Shear Rheometer (PPSR) were used to study the influence of the level and type of plasticisers incorporated in coating film formulation on the performance of the coating film. In this study, both DSC and DMA were used to investigate the Tg for each film coating formulation in order to evaluate the effect of the additives. In general DMA results for the Tg value of the films were always higher by 10-20% than those measured by the DSC. Furthermore, clamp size and the frequency of the oscillation have an influence on the evaluation of Tg. Complex viscosity for different coating film formulations revealed that the shear hinning gradient changes with temperature and plasticiser type and concentration. The value of complex viscosity from DMA and PPSR exhibits power law behaviour. The rheological moduli were indirectly affected by the level of plasticiser. There was a discrepancy between the complex viscosity results obtained from both DMA and PPSR at similar temperature but they follow the same trend. The non plasticized polymer showed a 10 time higher complex viscosity values when measured by DMA over that measured by PPSR. The difference was smaller in plasticized films but it was not consistent. Therefore a consistent coefficient to correlate the DMA and PPSR couldn’t be accurately determined Coated pellets were compressed and key process parameters were evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the coating thickness has a significant effect on the release profile of the final products. It was found that by increasing the coating film thickness, the percentage released decreased. Also the compression force has lower influence on the drug release profile, while the dwell time has very low effect on the percentage release from the final products. Optimum release profile was obtained at a coating level of 5.5% w/w and a compression force of 4700N In conclusion, the elasticity of the plasticised EC films in this study meant that the internal stress is not dissipated during compression and the dwell time range that was used in this experiment. Increasing the thickness therefore was necessary to enhance the strength of the film and avoid cracking. The mechanical and rheological profiling was helpful therefore to understand the behaviour of the coated pellets and predict the film properties at various steps of the process of coating and compression (i.e., various shear rate regimes). Experimental design approach to studying the key process and formulation parameters helped identify the optimum values for the process.
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Liu, Junling. "Plasma spray deposition of silicon nitride composite coatings." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288111.

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Bosland, Pierre. "Contribution à l'analyse cristallographique et mécanique des couches de molybdène préparées par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0069.

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Elaboration par pulverisation cathodique magnetron en faisant varier la tension de polarisation negative appliquee au substrat, de revetements de molybdene presentant differents etats de contraintes de compression. Analyse, en fonction de l'evolution des contraintes, de l'evolution de la texture cristallographique et de la teneur en argon incorpore dans les couches
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Ståhlberg, Daniel. "Thermoset polymers and coatings subjected to high compressive loads." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1699.

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<p>This study describes the mechanical response of thermosetpolymers under high compressive loads. The study is dividedinto two parts. One part is focusing on the behaviour of apowder coating when used in a clamping force joint and how theproperties varies when varying the physical structure of thecoating. The other part is regarding the fundamentalunderstanding of the behaviour of thermoset polymers with smallthickness-to-width ratio subjected to compressive stresses inorder to develop mathematical material models for theviscoelastic materials.</p><p>The first part describes the mechanical behaviour of powdercoatings used under very high compressive loads in clampingforce joints. Carboxyl functional polyester powder coatingscured with hydroxyl functional â-hydroxyalkylamides wereused with variations in coating thickness and amount and typeof filler. The coatings were subjected to conventional testsfor coatings and polymers and also to specially designed testsdeveloped to study the behaviour of powder coatings in clampingforce joints.The results show the importance of correct coatingthickness and filler content in order to achieve the desiredmechanical properties of a coating when used under highcompressive loads. Increased thickness will give rise todefects in the coating, especially voids and blisters due tothe evaporation of water formed during the curing of thepolyester powder coating. The surface roughness of the coatingis also affected by the coating thickness, but the maininfluence originates from the type and amount of filler used.The high compressive loads in a clamping force joint put highdemands on the stability of the coating and the defects must bekept to a minimum. A rough surface and defects such as voidswill give rise to stress concentrations and increased plasticdeformations in the coating, impairing the properties of theclamping force joint.</p><p>In the second part of the study a well-defined freeradically cured vinyl ester resin has been used and studied insix different geometries in order to determine the dependenceof apparent mechanical properties on the particular size andshape of a sample when a sample is subjected to highcompressive loads. Variation of the specimen thickness,boundary conditions and loading conditions reveal that thegeometry of the sample has a significant effect on themechanical performance of the polymer. The apparent modulus andthe yield stress increases dramatically when thethickness-to-width ratio of the sample is reduced, whereas theydecrease when the friction between the sample and thecompression plate is reduced. The creep strain rate decreaseswhen the thickness of the material is reduced and it decreasesstill more when the amount of material surrounding thecompressed part of the sample is increased. This effect isimportant when designing parts to be used under compressiveloads. Properties measured macroscopically may not correlatewith the behaviour of the designed part since the geometry mayhave either a reinforcing or destabilising effect on thematerial. Creep and strain recovery tests on large specimensare used to develop a mathematical model including non-linearviscoelastic and viscoplastic response of a thermoset vinylester. The model is used in FEM calculations where theexperimental results are compared with the calculated resultsin order to model the trends of the material response whenvarying the sample geometry.</p>
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Ståhlberg, Daniel. "Thermoset polymers and coatings subjected to high compressive loads /." Stockholm : Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4091.

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Goergen, Sandra. "Cracking behaviour, failure modes and lifetime analysis of M320 abradable compressor seal coating." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10460.

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Metco 320 is a AlSi-hBN-polyester abradable, used in the high pressure compressor of commercial gas turbines. The material response to cyclic heating and cooling, and the resulting changes in microstructure, as well as their associated failure mechanisms were investigated. It was found that the top surface layer of the abradable liner degrades over its lifetime. During thermal cycling hBN is removed from the material’s microstructure, which results in the degradation of the abradable and increased brittleness of the top surface. Furthermore, material cracking and delamination behaviour during service was successfully reproduced in the laboratory. The cracking and delamination observations made during overhaul, were replicated using cyclic water-quenching, but the spallation of abradable material did not occur. Investigations into material properties and their influence upon the abradable failure mechanics revealed, that soft M320 matched the observations made during engine overhauls. It could also be established, that the plasma spray process, grit blasting, surface treatment after deposition and the transient of the substrate affect the abradable’s performance and life-time, when heat cycled. Some service casings suffer from premature liner loss. These unscheduled overhauls are costly and their number is desired to be reduced, if possible eliminated. In order to control the material failures, the stresses introduced into the abradable seal during manufacturing need to be reduced, since this is one of main drivers for material cracking and delamination. Furthermore, it was established, that material at the top end of the hardness specification performed better in service. This is due to the fact, that more AlSi metal matrix is present in the microstructure and the hBN loss does not affect the material integrity as much as in soft material. 2D and 3D modelling showed temperature and strain profiles evolving during the quenching process. These show the areas of high strain, which are consistent with the crack initiation areas observed during testing. It can be concluded, that M320 abradable is a very complex material system, which is influenced by several parameters. This research project highlighted, how sensitive the failure modes are to changes in the material/substrate combination. Recommended is to increase the material hardness towards the upper end of the current specification (70 HR15Y), reduce the stresses in the substrate and the abradable material by means of annealing stages after grit blasting, and temperature control during plasma spraying. Furthermore, it would be beneficial to reduce the machining of the abradable’s surface after deposition, as well as carrying out further research into the failure modes of abradables.
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Goat, Christopher. "Erosion resistance in metal - ceramic multilayer coatings for gas turbine compressor applications." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10717.

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The erosion resistance of 50 m metal-ceramic multilayer coatings has been investigated under impact conditions comparable to those in a gas turbine compressor cascade. lt was possible to improve upon the erosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V by a significant margin. The influence of layer mechanical properties, layer thickness, ceramic content and coating process on erosion resistance has been studied over a range of impact conditions. The most suitable coating formulation for maximum erosion resistance changed with particle impact energy. Under low energy impact conditions (<55 joules) coatings with a high ceramic content demonstrated the highest erosion resistance. As particle impact energy increased, coatings with a high ceramic content perfonned poorly, and those containing a high volume fraction (50%) ductile metal layer, with thin metal and ceramic layers become more successful. Three principal damage types were observed: lateral fracture, tensile fracture and plastic definition. The most severe coating losses resulted from spallation due to lateral fracture. Coatings containing a high proportion of ductile metal with thin metal and ceramic layers were successful because such coatings had a high resistance to lateral fracture. Erosion resistance was greatest when the metal layer had a high yield strength and elastic modulus; such a combination of properties also resisted plastic definition. Scratch testing was investigated as a simple alterative technique for assessing coating erosion resistance. Repeated pass scratch testing generated similar damage modes to those of particle impact, but there was poor correlation between coating erosion rate and the threshold load for scratch damage.
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16

Wassborg, Pär. "Tribological evaluation of the contact between upper compression ring and cylinder liner with different surface coatings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-45454.

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The constant pursuit in the automotive industry to increase the engines performance, new solutions are always developed and tested to reduce the friction and increase the efficiency in the engine. One component that contributes to friction losses is the piston ring pack where the top compression stands for up to 40 %. This master thesis collaborated with Scania’s material science department Basic engine and covers the friction and wear of four different materials on the cylinder liner surface against the top compression ring.The four tested materials were grey cast iron with different honing quality and three atmospheric plasma sprayed coatings with titanium oxide, chromium oxide and Metco’s mixture F2071 which is a stainless steel mixed with a ceramic. A martensitic steel piston ring with a chromium coated sliding surface was used for all the testing in the Cameron-Plint TE77 test-rig. This is a pin-on-disc test method and the parameters used for testing is set to replicate the environment the ring is exposed to at the top dead centre.The test-rig has been in Scania’s possession for a long time and has not always given a satisfying result. An uneven contact between the ring and liner has been a problem resulting in only worn edges of the liner specimen. The piston ring holder was therefore redesigned to be able to adjust the radius of the ring. This allowed a good conformability between the ring and liner to be obtained.The tested materials were evaluated according to friction and wear. Friction was measured with the test-rig and the wear was calculated with surface profiles that were measured before and after testing. Worn surfaces were studied in a SEM to verify which wear mechanism that was active. The changes of the surfaces was studied with the use of following surface parameters Ra, Rk, Rpk, Rvk and if there was a connection between these parameters and friction and wear coefficient.Independent of honing quality showed the grey cast iron lowest friction coefficient just under 0.13, the F2071 liner showed a friction coefficient just above 0.13. Both oxide layers showed similar friction where the chromium oxide had a friction just below 0.15 and the titanium oxide lay just above 0.15. Lowest wear coefficient had the chromium oxide followed by F2071, titanium oxide and the bad honed grey cast iron. These three liners showed almost the exact same wear coefficient. Worst wear coefficient had the grey cast iron with a good honing quality. A mild abrasive wear mechanism was active during the wear test and vague wear marks was found on the surface. There is no connection between wear coefficient and friction and the change in surface roughness during the test does not affect the friction.
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17

Napert, Gary Arthur 1956. "Fatigue performance of electroless nickel coatings on stainless steel gas turbine compressor rotors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41318.

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18

Dubois, André. "Essai de compression-translation : Contribution à l'identification des lois de comportement surfaciques et volumiques." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b97e143c-6fb6-44cc-83c8-e34fc7845c1e.

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La caractérisation du comportement surfacique des pièces en acier revêtues est étudiée à l'aide du test de compression-translation. Au cours du test un indenteur vient en contact avec l'ébauche jusqu'à une pénétration donnée (phase de compression), puis crée une zone plastique localisée à la surface de contact en glissant le long de celle-ci (phase de translation). L'identification fiable des lois de frottement repose sur une reproduction fidèle des conditions de contact et de frottement ainsi que sur une connaissance précise du comportement volumique au voisinage de la zone de contact. Une première étude par la méthode des éléments finis du test est alors menée et conduit à la détermination optimale de la géométrie et de la pénétration de l'indenteur ; l'essai reproduit alors des pressions de contact et des déformations plastiques équivalentes représentatives des conditions de contact réelles. Une seconde étude est ensuite proposée confrontant résultats expérimentaux et numériques de la phase de compression. Une procédure itérative minimisant l'erreur commise entre ces différents résultats conduit à la détermination du comportement volumique au voisinage de la surface de l'ébauche. Enfin, une analyse mécanique associée a des modèles numériques de la phase de translation autorise l'identification des lois de frottement linéaires et non linéaires. Cette stratégie est appliquée à des ébauches cylindriques en acier 1522 recuit revêtues de phosphate de zinc et de produits non polluants à base de dépôts de sels minéraux
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Elmstrom, Michael E. "Numerical prediction of the impact of non-uniform leading edge coatings on the aerodynamic performance of compressor airfoils." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FElmstrom.pdf.

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20

Nedbalová, Radka. "Příprava a vlastnosti pěnových materiálů na bázi Bioskla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231661.

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The work deals with the preparation and mechanical properties of coated Bioglass® 45S5 based foam materials with open porosity. The samples have been fabricated applying the replication method with use of polyurethane foam. Furthermore, these samples were coated in order to increase the strength characteristics and crack resistance. Polyvinylalcohol and PVA with cellulose microfibrils have been used as coating. Besides microstructural parameters of investigated materials using the SEM images strength characteristics in compression and in tension were also quantified.
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21

Salem, Rami. "Algorithmes de couplage aérothermique pour des applications turbomachines." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC035.

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Dans certaines configurations, en particulier dans les turbines haute pression, l'aspect thermique dans les performances aérodynamiques est primordial. La recherche d'une température totale en sortie de chambre de combustion i.e. en entrée de turbine, de plus en plus élevée oblige les motoristes à réduire les incertitudes sur l'environnement thermique des aubages, qu'ils soient refroidis ou non. Il est alors important de réaliser des simulations aérothermiques couplées d'application turbomachine. Les problématiques sont alors : (i) de déterminer la stratégie de couplage à la fois stable, robuste et précise, en particulier de gérer correctement l'interface fluide-solide avec des conditions limites adéquates, (ii) étudier l'influence des flux thermiques sur les performances aérodynamiques et enfin (iii) étendre la méthode de couplage pour une résolution instationnaire de l'écoulement. La méthode ainsi développée conduit à une stabilité inconditionnelle du processus couplé tout en gardant des temps de calculs raisonnables<br>For some configurations, especially in high-pressure turbines, the thermal aspect for aerodynamic performances is essential. The need to have an exit total temperature flowing out the combustion chamber, i.e flowing in the high-pressure turbine, higher and higher leads engine manufacturers to reduce uncertainties on the thermal environment of turbine blades, cooled or not. It is therefore important to use a coupled approach for aerothermal simulations in turbomachinery applications. The main purpose of this work focuses on: (i) finding the right strategy for coupling, both robuste and precise, espacially for stabilizing correctly the fluid-solid interface with the right boundary condition, (ii) studying the impact of heat fluxes on aerodynamic performences and finally (iii) extending this coupling method to include unsteady flows. Thus the method developped in this work has led to an unconditionnal stability of the coupling process while having raisonnable compute times
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22

Ng, Evelyn. "Strengthening Mechanisms in Microtruss Metals." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34825.

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Microtrusses are hybrid materials composed of a three-dimensional array of struts capable of efficiently transmitting an externally applied load. The strut connectivity of microtrusses enables them to behave in a stretch-dominated fashion, allowing higher specific strength and stiffness values to be reached than conventional metal foams. While much attention has been given to the optimization of microtruss architectures, little attention has been given to the strengthening mechanisms inside the materials that make up this architecture. This thesis examines strengthening mechanisms in aluminum alloy and copper alloy microtruss systems with and without a reinforcing structural coating. C11000 microtrusses were stretch-bend fabricated for the first time; varying internal truss angles were selected in order to study the accumulating effects of plastic deformation and it was found that the mechanical performance was significantly enhanced in the presence of work hardening with the peak strength increasing by a factor of three. The C11000 microtrusses could also be significantly reinforced with sleeves of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-53wt%Fe. It was found that the strength increase from work hardening and electrodeposition were additive over the range of structures considered. The AA2024 system allowed the contribution of work hardening, precipitation hardening, and hard anodizing to be considered as interacting strengthening mechanisms. Because of the lower formability of AA2024 compared to C11000, several different perforation geometries in the starting sheet were considered in order to more effectively distribute the plastic strain during stretch-bend fabrication. A T8 condition was selected over a T6 condition because it was shown that the plastic deformation induced during the final step was sufficient to enhance precipitation kinetics allowing higher strengths to be reached, while at the same time eliminating one annealing treatment. When hard anodizing treatments were conducted on O-temper and T8 temper AA2024 truss cores, the strength increase was different for different architectures, but was nearly the same for the two parent material tempers. Finally, the question of how much microtruss strengthening can be obtained for a given amount of parent metal strengthening was addressed by examining the interaction of material and geometric parameters in a model system.
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23

Nunnari, Steven Joseph. "High speed micro-compression testing of paper coatings." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=958084&T=F.

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24

Mallick, Chinmaya Kumar. "Effect of presence of double notch along with various geometry on tensile and compression behaviour of pure copper using molecular dynamics simulation." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6566/1/Chinmaya_Kumar_Mallick(110MM0363).pdf.

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The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of double notch of various geometries on the tensile and compression behaviors of nanoscale copper at various temperatures through simulations based on molecular dynamics. To do this, first simulation boxes have been created comprising of Double cylindrical, Double square and Double v-notches. Simulations for tensile and compression deformations have been done for all un-notched and Double notched specimens at different temperatures (viz. 100 K, 300 K and 500 K). The results indicate that yield and tensile strength values decreases with increase in temperature for all notched and double un-notched simulation boxes. Strength values increase with introduction of notches of all geometries as compared to the double un-notched ones, at all temperatures .In contrast to the tensile strength, it is found that the compression strength of notched specimen decreases with introduction of notches at a particular temperature .The variation in strength is attributed to the formation of stress triaxiality around the tip of the notch and plastic constraint factor. The square notch is the highest contributor to increase the tensile strength. Overall, it can be stated that molecular dynamic simulation can be effectively used to study the deformation behaviour of notched specimens.
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25

Azadi, Manzour Pooya. "Modeling of mechanical and thermal responses of paper coatings under compression using discrete element method." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788875&T=F.

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