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Journal articles on the topic 'Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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O'Connell, Colette. "CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)." Science & Technology Libraries 7, no. 4 (1987): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v07n04_13.

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Ikubanni, Peter P., Adekunle A. Adeleke, Olayinka O. Agboola, et al. "Present and Future Impacts of Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 3 (2022): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550307.

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The world is a growing place with great technological advancement in all areas of life. For some decades now, various disciplines and industries have been engaged in using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) across different nations. CAD/CAM utilizes computers to integrate design and manufacturing processes for quality product attainment. This review article examined the present impacts of CAD/CAM on some sectors such as architecture, manufacturing, engineering and design, electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, aerospace, and medicine. Highlights on some applications and future impacts of CAD/CAM have also been discussed. The numerous impacts of CAD/CAM are discussed in the study. It was concluded that CAD/CAM had become integral parts of our world to ease production against traditional methods. The study recommended more research focus on biomaterials for 3-D bioprinting for tissue engineering applications.

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Kyratsis, Panagiotis, Konstantinos Kakoulis, and Angelos P. Markopoulos. "Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies." Machines 8, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8010013.

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Hamid, Nor Faharina Abdul, Nurul Jannah Zulkefle, Tengku Fazrina Tengku Mohd Ariff, ZuryatiAb Ghani, and Rohana Ahmad. "Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD / CAM) Post and Core - A Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 36 (2021): 3143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/640.

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BACKGROUND Nowadays, the use of computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing (CAD / CAM) in fabricating indirect restoration such as onlay, crown and bridge has increased tremendously. However, there is lack of clinical information and evidence on current material and fabrication techniques of CAD / CAM post and core. This paper describes the classification of the post and core system and review current perspectives on recent development of CAD / CAM post and core. An electronic search of the literature was performed via PubMed and Scopus database, using the keyword (post and core) and (CAD / CAM) and (CAD / CAM post and core) as MeSH term. Articles eligible for inclusion in the present review were published in English, journal article and dated from January 2000 until November 2020. A total of 31 publications consisting of 18 in-vitro studies, 7 case reports, 4 finite element analysis and 2 clinical techniques were included in this review. Analysis parameters included are options of chairside CAD / CAM materials, CAD / CAM system and milling machine used, advantages and disadvantages and future direction of CAD / CAM post and core. CAD /CAM post and core can be alternative option as compared to the custom-made post and core and prefabricated post and core. KEY WORDS Computer - Aided Design, Computer - Aided Manufacturing, Dental Material, Indirect Restoration, Post and Core

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Zavanelli, Adriana Cristina, José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro, Caroline Cantieri de Mello, Joel Ferreira Santiago, and Andressa Paschoal Amoroso. "An Esthetics Rehabilitation with Computer-aided Design/ Computer-aided Manufacturing Technology." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 4 (2014): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1570.

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ABSTRACT Aim This paper describes a case of a rehabilitation involving Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CADCAM) system in implant supported and dental supported prostheses using zirconia as framework. Background The CAD-CAM technology has developed considerably over last few years, becoming a reality in dental practice. Among the widely used systems are the systems based on zirconia which demonstrate important physical and mechanical properties of high strength, adequate fracture toughness, biocompatibility and esthetics, and are indicated for unitary prosthetic restorations and posterior and anterior framework. Case description All the modeling was performed by using CAD-CAM system and prostheses were cemented using resin cement best suited for each situation. Conclusion The rehabilitation of the maxillary arch using zirconia framework demonstrated satisfactory esthetic and functional results after a 12-month control and revealed no biological and technical complications. Clinical significance This article shows the important of use technology CAD/CAM in the manufacture of dental prosthesis and implant-supported. How to cite this article Mazaro JVQ, Mello CC, Zavanelli AC, Santiago JF Jr, Amoroso AP, Pellizzer EP. An Esthetics Rehabilitation with Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Technology. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4): 506-512.

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Bhandi, Shilpa H., Mohamed Moustafa Awad, H. Alqahtani, A. Al-Mudahi, MS Murayshed, and A. Alrahlah. "Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 7 (2017): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2095.

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ABSTRACT Aim To review the adhesive bonding to different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) esthetic restorative materials. Background The use of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials has gained popularity in recent years. Several CAD/ CAM esthetic restorative materials are commercially available. Adhesive bonding is a major determinant of success of CAD/ CAM restorations. Review result An account of the currently available bonding strategies are discussed with their rationale in various CAD/ CAM materials. Conclusion Different surface treatment methods as well as adhesion promoters can be used to achieve reliable bonding of CAD/CAM restorative materials. Selection of bonding strategy to such material is determined based on its composition. Further evidence is required to evaluate the effect of new surface treatment methods, such as nonthermal atmospheric plasma and self-etching ceramic primer on bonding to different dental ceramics. Clinical significance An understanding of the currently available bonding strategies to CA/CAM materials can help the clinician to select the most indicated system for each category of materials. How to cite this article Awad MM, Alqahtani H, Al-Mudahi A, Murayshed MS, Alrahlah A, Bhandi SH. Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):622-626.

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Todorovic, Aleksandar, and Vojkan Lazic. "Computer aided design and manufacturing of dental restorations - “computerized impression” technology." Serbian Dental Journal 53, no. 1 (2006): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0601042t.

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CAD/CAM technology (Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing) in the matter of fact helps in design and development of two-dimensional or three-dimensional models and their realization on numerical controlled machines. The key to direct or indirect CAD/CAM dental restorations is the measurement of dental preparation in the mouth or on the plaster die. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibilities and the way of function of different computer aided inspection (CAI) systems as a first part of CAD/CAM systems. Different researchers have presented several approaches of methods for three dimensional (3D) measurement. Today, for chairside dental treatment, only the optical method of measurement has lead to satisfactory results in practice. Laboratory CAD/CAM systems use mechanical and optical technologies for 3D measurement. Optical impression grows as a leader of CAI segment of almost every new CAD/CAM system. The most important properties of 3D scanners are: accuracy, volume and speed of measurement and ergonomy of instrument. .

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TOPPER, ANNE K., and GEOFF R. FERNIE. "Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) in Prosthetics." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 256 (1990): 39???43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199007000-00007.

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Sheldon, D. F., and W. McTaggart. "CAD/CAM: Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (1986): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1986.0009.

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International, Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR). "Awareness about The Knowlegde of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Technologies among The Dental Professions – A Survey." International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) 9, no. 4 (2024): 174–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422782.

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Abstract Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have become an increasingly popular part of dentistry over the past 25 years. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have been applied in implant dentistry for the design and fabrication of prosthetic frameworks and prosthetic abutments, smile designing, intraoral scanner, and many more. To take certain steps regarding increase awareness among dentist, this study aimed to evaluate the awareness in dentist’s professions about CAD-CAM systems technologies. We randomly selected 410 participants and were asked 16 questions regarding the same topics. The statistic evaluation was done by applying Chi square test. The result was found that most of the post graduates have knowledge and are aware about CAD-CAM compared to undergraduates and practitioners. So, to conclude the study suggest that we should implement the techniques of CAD-CAM in syllabus of undergraduates or should arrange seminars regarding the awareness of advancing technologies in dentistry for dental practitioners.

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Bauer, Katarina, Andreja Carek, Ljerka Slokar Benić, and Tomislav Badel. "Determination of the Color Change of Various Esthetic Monolithic Monochromatic Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Materials." Materials 17, no. 13 (2024): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17133160.

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Dental technology has developed materials for prosthetics that are very similar to natural teeth and offer a good balance between durability and esthetics; however, some of these materials are not very color-stable under the influence of external factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine and compare the color change (∆E00) of different esthetic monolithic monochromatic CAD/CAM materials after they have been thermocycled and treated with staining solutions. The color parameters were determined using a spectrophotometer on a white and black background. Five CAD/CAM materials were used for this study—CAD/CAM nanoceramic (GC Cerasmart270), CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), CAD/CAM polymer (Telio CAD), CAD/CAM composite (Tetric CAD) and CAD/CAM polymer-infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic). The test specimens produced were divided into groups and were thermocycled in distilled water. They were then stored for four weeks at 37 °C in either distilled water as a control liquid, black tea, instant coffee or red wine. The aim is also to evaluate the color changes as a function of the exposure time of the staining solutions. The results obtained were analyzed statistically. All CAD/CAM materials tend to discolor to varying degrees. Among the factors contributing to discoloration, red wine proved to be the most significant influencing factor. The conclusion from the results is that the color change is influenced by the type of material, the staining solution, the sample thickness, the color background and the aging time.

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Bilgin, Mehmet Selim, Ebru Nur Baytaroğlu, Ali Erdem, and Erhan Dilber. "A review of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture techniques for removable denture fabrication." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 02 (2016): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.178304.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this review was to investigate usage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) such as milling and rapid prototyping (RP) technologies for removable denture fabrication. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Databases were searched from 1987 to 2014. The search was performed using a variety of keywords including CAD/CAM, complete/partial dentures, RP, rapid manufacturing, digitally designed, milled, computerized, and machined. The identified developments (in chronological order), techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of CAD/CAM and RP for removable denture fabrication are summarized. Using a variety of keywords and aiming to find the topic, 78 publications were initially searched. For the main topic, the abstract of these 78 articles were scanned, and 52 publications were selected for reading in detail. Full-text of these articles was gained and searched in detail. Totally, 40 articles that discussed the techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of CAD/CAM and RP for removable denture fabrication and the articles were incorporated in this review. Totally, 16 of the papers summarized in the table. Following review of all relevant publications, it can be concluded that current innovations and technological developments of CAD/CAM and RP allow the digitally planning and manufacturing of removable dentures from start to finish. As a result according to the literature review CAD/CAM techniques and supportive maxillomandibular relationship transfer devices are growing fast. In the close future, fabricating removable dentures will become medical informatics instead of needing a technical staff and procedures. However the methods have several limitations for now.

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Couldwell, William T., Joel D. MacDonald, Charles L. Thomas, et al. "Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing skull base drill." Neurosurgical Focus 42, no. 5 (2017): E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.2.focus16561.

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The authors have developed a simple device for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) that uses an image-guided system to define a cutting tool path that is shared with a surgical machining system for drilling bone. Information from 2D images (obtained via CT and MRI) is transmitted to a processor that produces a 3D image. The processor generates code defining an optimized cutting tool path, which is sent to a surgical machining system that can drill the desired portion of bone. This tool has applications for bone removal in both cranial and spine neurosurgical approaches. Such applications have the potential to reduce surgical time and associated complications such as infection or blood loss. The device enables rapid removal of bone within 1 mm of vital structures. The validity of such a machining tool is exemplified in the rapid (< 3 minutes machining time) and accurate removal of bone for transtemporal (for example, translabyrinthine) approaches.

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Assiri, Abdulmajeed, Alhassan Alsaiari, Marwan Alazraqi, et al. "The Application, Accuracy, and Utilization of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Systems in Restorative Dentistry." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE SCIENCES 03, no. 07 (2023): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2023.30705.

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Restorative dentistry is crucial for improving oral health and restoring damaged teeth. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems have revolutionized the field by integrating digital technologies, offering benefits over traditional methods. These systems streamline the restorative workflow, provide accurate restorations with excellent fit and aesthetics, and reduce chairside and laboratory processing times. CAD/CAM applications range from single-tooth restorations to fixed dental prostheses, implant-supported restorations, and orthodontic appliances. The accuracy and precision of CAD/CAM systems are evaluated through various methods, and factors influencing accuracy include scanner type, software algorithms, milling/3D printing technology, and materials used. Strategies to improve accuracy include optimizing scanning techniques and using advanced software algorithms. CAD/CAM systems have significant clinical implications, and their future holds promising advancements in intraoral scanning, CAD software, and CAM technologies. However, challenges such as initial investment, operator skill, and material selection need to be considered.

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Jackers, Nastasia, Nathalie Maes, France Lambert, Adelin Albert, and Carole Charavet. "Standard vs computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized self-ligating systems using indirect bonding with both:." Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 1 (2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012920-59.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective To compare treatment duration and quality between standard vs computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized self-ligating systems using indirect bonding with both. Materials and Methods This comparative trial included 24 patients: 12 treated with a CAD/CAM custom indirect bonding self-ligating system (CAD/CAM) and 12 others treated with an indirect bonding self-ligating standard system (I-STD). For each group, overall orthodontic treatment (OT) time was calculated and included the time needed to place each arch as well as the duration of the alignment and fine-tuning phases. The quality of the final result was analyzed using the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were also evaluated. Results Patient characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for age, which was slightly lower in the I-SDT group. Overall OT time was increased by 26% in the I-STD group compared with the CAD/CAM group (497 ± 40 days vs 393 ± 55 days, P = 0.0002) due to a shorter fine-tuning phase in the latter group (P&lt;0.01). No difference was found between the groups for alignment phase. Quality of the final result was similar (I-STD, 25.7 ± 6.1; CAD/CAM, 21.6 ± 6.3) among the groups. Finally, no difference was found in the PROMs variables. Conclusions Despite a 26% longer OT time when compared with the CAD/CAM customized bracket system, the indirect bonding self-ligating bracket system demonstrated the same quality of treatment. PROMs demonstrated a high level of acceptance and satisfaction for both techniques.

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Maiti, Niladri, Niva Mahapatra, Dhruvi Patel, et al. "Application of CAD-CAM in Dentistry." Bioinformation 20, no. 5 (2024): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300200547.

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The application of CAD-CAM (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing) technology has become increasingly prevalent in dentistry in recent years. Dental restorations are designed and created using CAD-CAM by enhancing the precision and efficiency. Customization of dental prostheses such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays and bridges is possible with CAD-CAM.

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Lohbauer, Ulrich, Renan Belli, Marco S. Cune, and Ulf Schepke. "Fractography of clinically fractured, implant-supported dental computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing crowns." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 5 (January 1, 2017): 2050313X1774101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x17741015.

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Today, a substantial part of the dental crown production uses computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. A recent step in restorative dentistry is the replacement of natural tooth structure with pre-polymerized and machined resin-based methacrylic polymers. Recently, a new CAD/CAM composite was launched for the crown indication in the load-bearing area, but the clinical reality forced the manufacturer to withdraw this specific indication. In parallel, a randomized clinical trial of CAD/CAM composite crowns luted on zirconia implant abutments revealed a high incidence of failure within the first year of service. Fractured crowns of this clinical trial were retrieved and submitted to a fractographic examination. The aim of the case series presented in this article was to identify failure reasons for a new type of CAD/CAM composite crown material (Lava Ultimate; 3M Oral Care, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) via fractographic examinations and analytical assessment of luting surfaces and water absorption behavior. As a result, the debonding of the composite crowns from the zirconia implant abutments was identified as the central reason for failure. The adhesive interface was found the weakest link. A lack of silica at the zirconia surface certainly has compromised the bonding potential of the adhesive system from the beginning. Additionally, the hydrolytic stress released from swelling of the resin-based crown (water absorption) and transfer to the luting interface further added to the interfacial stress and most probably contributed to a great extend to the debonding failure.

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P., A. Rotiwale. "Manufacturing Efficiency through CAD and CAM Integration: A Case Study Analysis." Research and Reviews on Experimental and Applied Mechanics 7, no. 2 (2024): 30–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12795302.

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The integration of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by streamlining the design-to-production process, improving accuracy, and reducing time-to-market. This paper presents a comprehensive case study analysis on how CAD/CAM integration enhances manufacturing efficiency. By examining a specific industrial case, the study highlights the key benefits, challenges, and outcomes of implementing CAD/CAM systems. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in design precision, production speed, and overall cost-effectiveness. This research provides valuable insights for manufacturers aiming to optimize their operations through advanced design and manufacturing technologies

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Andreiuolo, Rafael Ferrone, Carlos Eduardo Sabrosa, and Katia Regina H. Cervantes Dias. "Dual-scan technique for the customization of zirconia computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing frameworks." European Journal of Dentistry 07, S 01 (2013): S115—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.119088.

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ABSTRACTThe use of bi-layered all-ceramic crowns has continuously grown since the introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia cores. Unfortunately, despite the outstanding mechanical properties of zirconia, problems related to porcelain cracking or chipping remain. One of the reasons for this is that ceramic copings are usually milled to uniform thicknesses of 0.3-0.6 mm around the whole tooth preparation. This may not provide uniform thickness or appropriate support for the veneering porcelain. To prevent these problems, the dual-scan technique demonstrates an alternative that allows the restorative team to customize zirconia CAD/CAM frameworks with adequate porcelain thickness and support in a simple manner.

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Mangano, F., P. Zecca, S. Pozzi-Taubert, et al. "Maxillary sinus augmentation using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 9, no. 3 (2012): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.1460.

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Komagata, Yuya, Yuki Nagamatsu, and Hiroshi Ikeda. "Comparative Bonding Analysis of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Dental Resin Composites with Various Resin Cements." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 10 (2023): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7100418.

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The use of dental resin composites adapted to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) processes for indirect tooth restoration has increased. A key factor for a successful tooth restoration is the bond between the CAD/CAM composite crown and abutment tooth, achieved using resin-based cement. However, the optimal pairing of the resin cement and CAD/CAM composites remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the optimal combination of a CAD/CAM composite and resin cement for bonding. A commercial methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based resin cement (Super-Bond (SB)) and four other composite-based resin cements (PANAVIA V5; PV, Multilink Automix (MA), ResiCem EX (RC), and RelyX Universal Resin Cement (RX)) were tested experimentally. For the CAD/CAM composites, a commercial polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN)-based composite (VITA ENAMIC (VE)) and two dispersed filler (DF)-based composites (SHOFU BLOCK HC (SH) and CERASMART300 (CE)) were used. Each composite block underwent cutting, polishing, and alumina sandblasting. This was followed by characterization using scanning electron microscopy, inorganic content measurement, surface free energy (SFE) analysis, and shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The results demonstrated that the inorganic content and total SFE of the VE composite were the highest among the examined composites. Furthermore, it bonded highly effectively to all the resin cements. This indicated that PICN-based composites exhibit unique bonding features with resin cements. Additionally, the SBS test results indicated that MMA-based resin cement bonds effectively with both DF- and PICN-based composites. The combination of the PICN-based composite and MMA-based resin cement showed the best bonding performance.

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., Kirti, Rudhra Koul, Kirti ., Jasdeep Kaur, and Arjun Mahajan. "From Analog to Digital: Role of Intraoral Scanners in Dentistry - A Review Article." International Journal of Research and Review 12, no. 1 (2025): 185–89. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250122.

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Intraoral scanners (IOS) have revolutionized the field of dentistry, offering a cutting-edge alternative to traditional impression methods. These innovative devices enable dentists to capture highly accurate digital impressions of a patient's teeth and surrounding tissues, streamlining the treatment process and enhancing patient care. Recent years have witnessed notable IOS technology advancements, characterized by hardware innovations and software breakthroughs. These developments improved intraoral scanning efficiency and accuracy in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), which remains IOS’s most common use case. Keywords: Intraoral scanners (IOS), computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), Dentistry.

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May, J., and J. Watson. "Restoration of a Mandibular Incisor With a Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Fabricated Anterior Onlay." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 2 (2019): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-217-s.

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SUMMARY The use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dentistry has triggered novel approaches to restoring teeth in ways that increase efficiency, improve esthetics, and conserve tooth structure. Endodontically treated mandibular incisors offer a challenging restorative opportunity due to the small amount of natural tooth structure and the required amount of reduction needed for restorative material. The case presented demonstrates how to leverage chairside CAD/CAM technology to restore a discolored and fractured endodontically treated mandibular incisor without the use of a post and core and completing the restoration in a single visit.

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Thilmany, Jean. "Where Does CAM Stand?" Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 01 (2007): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-jan-2.

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This article describes various engineering ways to use computers in manufacturing industry. Streamlining computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) handoff has long been the dream of engineering organizations that face handoff issues every day. The company, Protomold Co. Inc., ties CAD directly with CAM, to do away with requiring a human in the loop. It makes plastic injection-molded parts from customers’ CAD models. A Minnesota company has nearly automated its mold making. Software designs the mold automatically and automatically commands milling machines. The article also highlights that CAM systems of the future should include easy workarounds that any company could use to customize the software. Like other computer-aided engineering applications, manufacturing software is being pushed forward, although innovation and research is mainly the purview of academics. Researchers are focusing on considering rapid prototyping for making CAD and CAM work together in future.

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Almohareb, Thamer, Mohammed S. Alkatheeri, Fahim Vohra, and Ali Alrahlah. "Influence of experimental staining on the color stability of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing dental provisional materials." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 02 (2018): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_1_18.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This study presents a comparative analysis of the color stability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated provisional restorations with those of conventional restorations. Materials and Methods: Three different provisional restorative materials (Systemp C&B, 3M Protemp 4, and Telio CAD) were inspected for their color stability using four solutions (Pepsi, coffee, tea, and distilled water). All samples used were fabricated using A1 shade by following the manufacturer's instructions. Color assessment was performed using CIELAB system and a colorimeter. After baseline color measurement, color assessments were done weekly after immersion in specified solutions. Triplicate readings were taken for every sample and the mean value of the color coordinates (L*), (a*), and (b*) were recorded at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4. The data within different groups were compared statistically using analysis of variance (⍺ = 0.05). Results: Overall, the highest color stability was found in CAD/CAM material, followed by Protemp and SystempC&B. It was also observed that the maximum color variation was observed in case of coffee, followed by tea and Pepsi. Conclusions: CAD/CAM provisional material (Telio CAD) showed better color stability compared to conventional materials (Protemp 3M ESPE and SystempC&B Ivoclar Vivadent). CAD/CAM provisional materials are recommended for long-term temporization procedures. This is attributed to the prepolymerization, higher monomer conversion, and minimal preparation errors in CAD/CAM materials.

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Fisher, Mark, Miguel Medina, Branko Bojovic, Edward Ahn, and Amir H. Dorafshar. "Indications for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing in Congenital Craniofacial Reconstruction." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 9, no. 3 (2016): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584391.

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The complex three-dimensional relationships in congenital craniofacial reconstruction uniquely lend themselves to the ability to accurately plan and model the result provided by computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The goal of this study was to illustrate indications where CAD/CAM would be helpful in the treatment of congenital craniofacial anomalies reconstruction and to discuss the application of this technology and its outcomes. A retrospective review was performed of all congenital craniofacial cases performed by the senior author between 2010 and 2014. Cases where CAD/CAM was used were identified, and illustrative cases to demonstrate the benefits of CAD/CAM were selected. Preoperative appearance, computerized plan, intraoperative course, and final outcome were analyzed. Preoperative planning enabled efficient execution of the operative plan with predictable results. Risk factors which made these patients good candidates for CAD/CAM were identified and compiled. Several indications, including multisuture and revisional craniosynostosis, facial bipartition, four-wall box osteotomy, reduction cranioplasty, and distraction osteogenesis could benefit most from this technology. We illustrate the use of CAD/CAM for these applications and describe the decision-making process both before and during surgery. We explore why we believe that CAD/CAM is indicated in these scenarios as well as the disadvantages and risks.

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Khojimuradov Burkhan Ravshanovich. "CAD/CAM – MANUFACTURE OF ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES." Sciental Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.62536/sjehss.2025.v3.i2.pp18-24.

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Imagine that in one step you make an impression, simulate a restoration and install a crown for the patient. Fiction? No, this is the same CAD/CAM system — Computer Assisted Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing or a system for computer modeling and manufacturing dentures.

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Abreu, Elizangela Andrade de, Jade Galdino, Fernando Martins Baeder, Gabriela Traldi Zaffalon, Ricardo dos Santos Baptista, and Paola Fernanda Leal Corazza. "Uso do sistema Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) com suas indicações, vantagens e desvantagens: Uma revisão integrativa." Research, Society and Development 13, no. 9 (2024): e5913946833. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i9.46833.

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A introdução do CAD-CAM na odontologia revolucionou tecnologicamente a maneira como os tratamentos odontológicos são planejados, projetados e fabricados. O sistema CAD/CAM refere-se a um conjunto de tecnologias utilizadas para design e fabricação de próteses odontológicas, como coroas, facetas, próteses, entre outros dispositivos. Os sistemas CAD/CAM podem ser uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico, planejamento e tratamentos reabilitadores. Com o objetivo de apresentar as indicações, vantagens e desvantagens da tecnologia CAD/CAM, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Google acadêmico, Pubmed, Lilacs e Scilo acerca do tema com o objetivo de apresentar as indicações, vantagens e desvantagens da tecnologia CAD/CAM. Como conclusão verificamos que essa tecnologia oferece benefícios significativos, incluindo maior precisão, diminuição no tempo de tratamento para os pacientes e redução da necessidade de moldagens tradicionais desconfortáveis. No entanto, o custo inicial dos equipamentos e materiais pode ser um desafio para algumas clínicas ou consultórios odontológicos.

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Kim, Hyeong-Seob. "Fabrication of custom abutment using dental CAD/CAM system." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 50, no. 3 (2012): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2012.50.3.002.

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CAD/CAM systems (computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing) used for decades in restorative dentistry have its application to implant dentistry. This study aimed to overview CAD/CAM systems used implant dentistry, especially emphasizing custom implant abutments manufacturing. CAD/CAM custom abutments present the advantages of being specific to each patient and providing a better fit than the stock and cast custom abutments. This cutting edge technology of virtual-designed and computer-milled implant abutments will likely replace traditional implant restorative protocols and become the standard for implant dentistry in the foreseeable future.

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Luo, Zhe. "Advancements in Aero Engine Design and Manufacturing through the Integration of Electronic Computing Technologies: A Comprehensive Analysis." IECE Transactions on Intelligent Unmanned Systems 1, no. 1 (2024): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.62762/tius.2024.970930.

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This study explores the global advancements in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), focusing particularly on their application in the development of aero engines. It outlines the objectives, implementation stages, and anticipated computer system configurations for integrating CAD/CAM technologies within China's aero engine sector. By examining the current state of these technologies in China, the paper offers a customized approach that addresses both the goals and practicalities of adopting advanced CAD/CAM systems. This paper provides valuable insights into improving precision and efficiency in aero engine design and manufacturing processes in China.

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Datta, Avijeet, Md Mutasim Uddiin, Md Mahbubur Rahman, and Md Mazharul Helal. "The Benefits of using Computerized system over Manual System in Apparel Production." GUB Journal of Science and Engineering 8, no. 1 (2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/gubjse.v8i1.62330.

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Bangladesh's clothing industry is the backbone of the country's economy. One of the most crucial first phases in the apparel industry is to create and develop garment patterns based on the anticipated apparel's specifications, and then to plan the marker and cut the fabric according to the pattern pieces. These can be done manually or with the use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software (CAM). The garment business has been transformed by computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Because fabric costs account for a large portion of the cost of garment manufacture, it is critical to properly utilize the fabric and reduce the percentage of fabric waste (percent). Additionally, minimizing production time will reduce lead time even more. Although CAD/CAM is expensive, it has a number of economic and technological advantages over other methods. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 8, Dec 2021 P 36-40

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Munusamy, SM, AU Yap, HL Ching, and NA Yahya. "Degradation of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Composites by Dietary Solvents: An Optical Three-dimensional Surface Analysis." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 4 (2020): E176—E184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-070-l.

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Clinical Relevance Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resins are susceptible to degradation by dietary solvents. Dietary counselling is prudent when placing such CAD/CAM restorations. SUMMARY This study determined the effect of dietary solvents on the surface roughness (Ra) of direct, indirect, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental composites. The materials evaluated were a direct composite (Filtek Z350 XT [FZ]), an indirect composite (Shofu Ceramage [CM]), and four CAD/CAM composites (Lava Ultimate [LU], Shofu Block HC [HC], Cerasmart [CS], and Vita Enamic [VE]). Specimens (12×14×1.5 mm) of each material were prepared, measured for baseline Ra, ranked, divided into six groups (n=12), and conditioned in the following media for 1 week at 37°C: air (control), distilled water, 0.02 N citric acid, 0.02 N lactic acid, heptane, and 50% ethanol-water solution. The composite specimens were then subjected to postconditioning Ra testing using an optical three-dimensional surface analyzer (G4e, Alicona Imaging GmbH, Raaba, Austria). Inter-medium and inter-material comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of α=0.05. Mean Ra values ranged from 0.086 ± 0.004 μm to 0.153 ± 0.005 μm for the various material/medium combinations. For all materials, conditioning in air (control) and distilled water generally resulted in significantly lower mean Ra than exposure to other dietary solvents. Conditioning in citric acid presented the roughest surfaces for FZ, CM, and CS. For LU, HC, and VE, exposure to lactic acid, heptane, and ethanol solution resulted in the highest mean Ra. Regardless of conditioning media, FZ had the highest and VE the lowest mean Ra compared with other composites. The CAD/CAM composites remained susceptible to surface degradation by dietary solvents despite their industrial polymerization.

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Melisa. "Comparison of design of removable partial denture with conventional technique and computer-aided system." Makassar Dental Journal 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v11i1.496.

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In the last few decades, digital dentistry based on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been increasingly discussed. The use of CAD/CAM for the manufacture of fixed dentures shows a high success rate. Currently, CAD/CAM for the manufacture of removable partial dentures (RPD) has also been used in several studies. Several studies have been conducted to determine the level of accuracy and suitability of the manufacture of RPD made conventionally and CAD/ CAM systems, but there are still differences in results. Therefore, in this literature review, it will be discussed the comparison of the accuracy and suitability of conventionally made RPD and CAD/CAM systems.

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Núñez López, Pedro Jose, Eustaquio García Plaza, Angel Ramon Martín, and A. Egido. "An Integrated Methodology for the Teaching of Computer Aided Tools for Automated Machining." Materials Science Forum 692 (July 2011): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.692.8.

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To date a wide variety of computer aided tools are available for computer numerical controlled (CNC) automated machine-tools. Solid modelling software and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) are know firmly established in the early design stage whereas computer aided machining (CAM) and computer numerical control (CNC) simulator software is employed during the manufacturing stage. Training in the use of these systems is often undertaken in separate technical disciplines and training courses (e.g., graphic representation, mechanical design, computer numerical control programming, computer-aided machining, manufacturing technology, etc.), but students often lack a sound global understanding of these tools and fail to comprehend the full potential of integrating these applications. Thus, the aim is to propose a global methodology for the teaching of computer aided automated machining systems by integrating an array of computer aided tools (3D solid modelling, CAD/CAM software, CNC simulators, DNC communication, etc.) in order to enhance knowledge and develop skills of the entire manufacturing process i.e., to provide practical hands-on tasks from the early design stages to the final stages of the computer aided automated machining of a product.

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Singh, Irina, Kavipal Singh, and Nimish Sethi. "CAD/CAM – Historical Aspects, Processing and Various Systems: A Literature Review." IAR Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 01 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/iarjms.2022.v03i01.001.

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Computer Aided Design – Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has already made significant strides in the field of dentistry. Several highly sophisticated in-office and laboratory CAD/CAM systems have been introduced or are under development. As a result of continual developments in computer hardware and software, new methods of production and new treatment concepts are to be expected, which will enable an additional reduction in costs. The advent of CAD/CAM has enabled the dentists and laboratories to harness the power of computers to design and fabricate esthetic and durable restorations.

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AlSunbul, Hanan, Khold AlAhdal, Arwa AlMashhaf, Hind AlHaidry, and Alhanouf AlAmeel. "Wear and surface roughness of commercially available computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing dental ceramic materials." Materials Express 12, no. 10 (2022): 1302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2261.

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The study evaluated in vitro two-body wear and surface roughness of the recently introduced CAD/CAM dental materials. Pin-on-disk design was set against each other horizontally at a fixed distance with 5 kg (49 N) in distilled water. CAD/CAM materials used were: Feldspathic ceramic (Vitablocks Mark II), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD), hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) and zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic (Vita Suprinity PC). Wear evaluation before and after the chewing cycles were performed by two approaches: weight and vertical height measurements. The surface roughness of the tested materials was further evaluated after chewing cycles. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among the mean values of the materials’ vertical height loss and surface roughness (P < 0.05). However, in weight loss, no statistical differences were observed. The highest vertical height loss was observed in feldspathic ceramic while the lowest vertical height loss was recorded in zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic. Feldspathetic ceramic demonstrated the least surface roughness among all the groups. Feldspathic ceramic had a significantly least wear resistance and surface roughness, while Zirconia reinforced glass ceramic (VITA Suprinity PC) had a significantly higher wear resistance and acceptable surface roughness among tested groups.

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Tsujimoto, A., WW Barkmeier, T. Takamizawa, MA Latta, and M. Miyazaki. "Influence of Thermal Cycling on Flexural Properties and Simulated Wear of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Resin Composites." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 1 (2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-046-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal cycling on the flexural properties and simulated wear of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites. Methods: The six CAD/CAM resin composites used in this study were 1) Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative (LU); 2) Paradigm MZ100 (PM); 3) CERASMART (CS); 4) Shofu Block HC (SB); 5) KATANA AVENCIA Block (KA); and 6) VITA ENAMIC (VE). Specimens were divided randomly into two groups, one of which was stored in distilled water for 24 hours, and the other of which was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. For each material, 15 specimens from each group were used to determine the flexural strength and modulus according to ISO 6872, and 20 specimens from each group were used to examine wear using a localized wear simulation model. The test materials were subjected to a wear challenge of 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki device (Alabama machine). The materials were placed in custom-cylinder stainless steel fixtures, and simulated localized wear was generated using a stainless steel ball bearing (r=2.387 mm) antagonist in a water slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Simulated wear was determined using a noncontact profilometer (Proscan 2100) with Proscan and AnSur 3D software. Results: The two-way analysis of variance of flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites revealed that material type and thermal cycling had a significant influence (p&lt;0.05), but there was no significant interaction (p&gt;0.05) between the two factors. The flexural properties and maximum depth of wear facets of CAD/CAM resin composite were different (p&lt;0.05) depending on the material, and their values were influenced (p&gt;0.05) by thermal cycling, except in the case of VE. The volume losses in wear facets on LU, PM, and SB after 10,000 thermal cycles were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) than those after 24 hours of water storage, unlike CS, KA, and VE. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites are different depending on the material. In addition, the flexural properties and simulated wear of CAD/CAM resin composites are influenced by thermal cycling.

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Shields, R. V. "User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software." Journal of Ship Production 4, no. 04 (1988): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1988.4.4.280.

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Great emphasis has been attached to the achievement of productivity and producibility benefits through the application of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. To ensure the achievement of these benefits, it is important that the end user have appropriate software and be able to use it to his advantage. The proper procurement, customization, installation, training, and implementation of software can play a significant role in the effectiveness of CAD/CAM.

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Singh, Rajeev, Gaurang Mistry, Manju Choudhary, Sheetal Parab, Rasha Ansari, and Sanpreet Singh Sachdev. "An update on CAD-CAM usage for removable partial denture fabrication: A systematic review." Bioinformation 20, no. 12 (2024): 1794–99. https://doi.org/10.6026/9732063002001794.

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The accuracy of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems in the fabrication of removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks compared to conventional manufacturing methods is of interest to dentists. Known data show that CAD-CAM systems produce RPD frameworks with superior fit and adaptation, potentially reducing post-insertion adjustments and enhancing patient satisfaction. The importance of digital impressions, advanced CAD software, and the capabilities of milling or 3D printing equipment in determining the success of CAD-CAM fabricated frameworks is highlighted. Despite promising results, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of CAD-CAM systems in RPD fabrication and to address the existing limitations.

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Zheng, Qian, Chen He, Yan Huang, Tao Xu, Yi Jie, and Christina Zong-Hao Ma. "Can Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Integrating with/without Biomechanical Simulation Improve the Effectiveness of Spinal Braces on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?" Children 10, no. 6 (2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10060927.

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The CAD/CAM technology has been increasingly popular in manufacturing spinal braces for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in clinics. However, whether the CAD/CAM-manufactured braces or the CAD/CAM-manufactured braces integrating with biomechanical simulation could improve the in-brace correction angle of spinal braces in AIS patients, compared to the manually manufactured braces, has remained unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the in-brace correction angle of (1) computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-manufactured braces or (2) the CAD/CAM-manufactured braces integrating with biomechanical simulation with that of (3) manually manufactured braces. The Web of Science, OVID, EBSCO, PUBMED, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published up to March 2023. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or randomized controlled crossover trials were included for qualitative synthesis, and four of them were included for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis effect sizes of the in-brace correction angle for CAD/CAM versus manual method, and CAD/CAM integrating with biomechanical simulation versus the manual method in the thoracic curve group and the thoracolumbar/lumbar curve group were 0.6° (mean difference [MD], 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −1.06° to 2.25°), 1.12° (MD, 95% CI: −8.43° to 10.67°), and 3.96° (MD, 95% CI: 1.16° to 6.76°), respectively. This review identified that the braces manufactured by CAD/CAM integrating with biomechanical simulation did not show sufficient advantages over the manually manufactured braces, and the CAD/CAM-manufactured braces may not be considered as more worthwhile than the manually manufactured braces, based on the in-brace correction angle. More high-quality clinical studies that strictly follow the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) guidelines with long-term follow-ups are still needed to draw more solid conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice in the future.

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Janeva, Nadica, Gordana Kovacevska, and Edvard Janev. "Complete Dentures Fabricated with CAD/CAM Technology and a Traditional Clinical Recording Method." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (2017): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.169.

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The introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology into complete denture (CD) fabrication ushered in a new era in removable prosthodontics. Commercially available CAD/CAM denture systems are expected to improve upon the disadvantages associated with conventional fabrication. The purpose of this report is to present the workflow involved in fabricating a CD with a traditional clinical recording method and CAD/CAM technology and to summarize the advantages to the dental practitioner and the patient.

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Zulkefle, Nurul Jannah, Nor Faharina Abdul Hamid, Tengku Fazrina Tengku Mohd Ariff, and Zuryati Ab Ghani. "Fabrication of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) post and core using indirect digitalisation technique." IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (2022): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v3i2.139.

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The advancement of digital technology in dentistry signifies an opportunity for the clinician to explore novel techniques in fabricating post and core. Conventional custom-made post and core is constructed in the laboratory with very limited material either gold, nickel-chromium or cobalt-chromium. Apart from higher modulus elasticity compared to dentin, the colour of the conventional custom-made post and core was also unaesthetic making it inferior to be used with all ceramic crown. This article describes post and core fabrication technique using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology with acrylic resin pattern build-up and indirect digitalisation method. The same procedure for custom-made metal post and core was adopted in this case to capture the anatomical shape of the root canal before digital technology was incorporated in the fabrication of post and core manufacture using CAD/CAM. With the CAD/CAM approach, an increased in quality, productivity, workflow efficiency and consistency of prosthetic rehabilitation may be obtained. It also enables clinicians to fabricate post and core using tooth colour material with better physical properties and improved mechanical qualities to achieve the best result in restoring endodontically treated teeth.

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Cortes, Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez. "Digital versus Conventional Workflow in Oral Rehabilitations: Current Status." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083710.

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In recent years, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology has developed along with its applications in dentistry, including several new techniques that are used in oral rehabilitation applications [...]

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HU, WENGANG, WENJIE FU, and YUAN ZHAO. "OPTIMAL DESIGN OF THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE WOOD FURNITURE JOINT BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS." Wood Research 69, no. 1 (2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/69.1.5059.

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In this study, computer aided technology was utilized to improve the traditional grid shoulder mortise-and-tenon joint (GSMTJ). Firstly, the traditional GSMTJ was redesigned through using separated loose tenon by the computer aided design (CAD) software called AutoCAD. And then the mechanical strengths of the traditional GSMTJs and the improved GSMTJs were compared and analyzed using the experimentally validated finite element method (FEM) based on the computer aided engineering (CAE) software called ABAQUS. Finally, the GSMTJs were further investigated from perspective of manufacturing efficiency using the computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software called JDSoft SurfMill. Based on the above simulation analysis, the improved GSMTJ was validated to be equivalent strength, high manufacturing efficiency increasing by 11.5%, low processing load ratio decreasing by 30%, as well as less wood material cost reducing by 3.6% compared with the traditional GSMTJ. The proposed improved GSMTJ was validated to be more suitable to modern wood processing machines. In addition, the methodology of combining the CAD, CAE, and CAM to wood products design was proofed efficient, economic, and feasible, and can be also used in design of other products.

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Corney, J., C. Hayes, V. Sundararajan, and P. Wright. "The CAD/CAM Interface: A 25-Year Retrospective." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 3 (2005): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2033009.

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The vision of fully automated manufacturing processes was conceived when computers were first used to control industrial equipment. But realizing this goal has not been easy; the difficulties of generating manufacturing information directly from computer aided design (CAD) data continued to challenge researchers for over 25 years. Although the extraction of coordinate geometry has always been straightforward, identifying the semantic structures (i.e., features) needed for reasoning about a component’s function and manufacturability has proved much more difficult. Consequently the programming of computer controlled manufacturing processes such as milling, cutting, turning and even the various lamination systems (e.g., SLA, SLS) has remained largely computer aided rather than entirely automated. This paper summarizes generic difficulties inherent in the development of feature based CAD/CAM (computer aided manufacturing) interfaces and presents two alternative perspectives on developments in manufacturing integration research that have occurred over the last 25 years. The first perspective presents developments in terms of technology drivers including progress in computational algorithms, enhanced design environments and faster computers. The second perspective describes challenges that arise in specific manufacturing applications including multiaxis machining, laminates, and sheet metal parts. The paper concludes by identifying possible directions for future research in this area.

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Moussally, C., H. Fron-Chabouis, A. Charrière, L. Maladry, and E. Dursun. "Full-mouth Rehabilitation of Hypocalcified-type Amelogenesis Imperfecta With Chairside Computer-aided Design and Computer-aided Manufacturing: A Case Report." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 3 (2019): E145—E158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-241-t.

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SUMMARY Background: This case report describes the complete full-mouth treatment of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) by chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Case summary: After several years of interrupted dental care, a 17-year-old female patient presented with pain and also esthetic and functional discomfort. With loss of enamel and dyschromia affecting all teeth, the diagnosis was hypocalcified AI. Affected tissues were eliminated, gingivectomy with laser was performed, an indented jig was used to record the centric relationship during optical impressions, and 28 full ceramic crowns were created by chairside CAD/CAM in four sessions. The patient reported rapid pain relief and an overall improvement of well-being. Conclusion: AI sequelae can be treated promptly and conservatively with chairside CAD/CAM, obtaining esthetic and functional results.

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Sekou, Singare. "Manufacture of Custom Contoured Seat Cushions Using Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Technique." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.342.

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In the rehabilitation engineering area, the pressure ulcer prevention is an important and healthy problem, especially for people with the spinal cord injured (SCI). This paper aim to develop a computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) method to manufacture custom cushions to prevent pressure ulcer. A patient’s buttock was digitized using 3D laser scanner, and the captured buttock data was processed in reverse engineering environment to generate the 3D surface model of the buttock. The 3D surface model of the buttock is imported into Unigraphics software to create the solid model; then, a flat rectangle that represents the cushion was generated under the buttock to create the buttock-cushion system. Based on the load-deformation relation of cushion materials acquired by the test, the depth of cut of the cushion was established and a CAD model of cushion shape was created through a Boolean subtraction. The CAD model of the contour is post-processed into code that the numerically controlled milling machine (CNC milling) can use to machine the cushion.

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Le, Hien Tat, Hung Xuan Nguyen, and Cang Trong Vo. "SURFACE MODELING FOR CAD/CAM BASED ON NURBS." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (2011): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2006.

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In the digital design process, surface modeling is required to be as accurate as possible for the effective support of production as well as for numerical performance analysis. This article reviews the geometric modeling techniques, based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS). The NURBS surface can be readily translated into many CAD/CAM packages (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing), which is more convenient for visualization performance and finite element methods.

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Abduo, Jaafar. "Fit of CAD/CAM Implant Frameworks: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 6 (2014): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00117.

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Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is a strongly emerging prosthesis fabrication method for implant dentistry. Currently, CAD/CAM allows the construction of implant frameworks from different materials. This review evaluates the literature pertaining to the precision fit of fixed implant frameworks fabricated by CAD/CAM. Following a comprehensive electronic search through PubMed (MEDLINE), 14 relevant articles were identified. The results indicate that the precision fit of CAD/CAM frameworks exceeded the fit of the 1-piece cast frameworks and laser-welded frameworks. A similar fit was observed for CAD/CAM frameworks and bonding of the framework body to prefabricated cylinders. The influence of CAD/CAM materials on the fit of a framework is minimal.

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A., D. Awasare. "Investigating the Efficiency and Applications of Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) in Modern Industry." Journal of Advanced Research in Industrial Engineering 6, no. 2 (2024): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11185565.

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Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) has revolutionized the industrial landscape by integrating computer technology with manufacturing processes. This research paper aims to explore the efficiency and diverse applications of CAM systems across various industries. The study investigates the evolution of CAM, its integration with other technologies such as CAD (Computer-Aided Design), and its impact on production efficiency, product quality, and cost reduction. Furthermore, the paper examines case studies of CAM implementation in different sectors, highlighting the challenges faced and the solutions devised. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical analysis, this paper provides insights into the current state of CAM, identifies emerging trends, and proposes recommendations for optimizing CAM systems to meet the evolving needs of modern industry.

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