Academic literature on the topic 'Concept of chivalry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concept of chivalry"
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McDougall, Grace Margaret. "All Roads Lead to Homosociality: The Role of Chivalry in Medieval and Modern Society." IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v5i1.27065.
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This paper examines the role of chivalry in two of Marie de France’s lais, Guigemar and Bisclavret. One of the most studied authors of the Medieval period, Marie de France’s works reveal the values, anxieties, and societal dynamics of her time by both adhering to and pushing against literary norms. Guigemar and Bisclavret present near-perfect examples of knighthood, save for two flaws: Guigemar has no love for women, and Bisclavret is a werewolf. The treatment of these knights and their peculiarities reveals the strict expectations of masculinity and the risks of breaking from them. I pay particular attention to the importance of humility in chivalric masculinity and the ways in which their peculiarities affect their relationships, particularly with other men. When placed in conversation, these stories show that the main role of chivalry was to secure the relationships between men that formed the basis of Medieval society and that, for this reason, humility was one of the most important chivalric values. I argue that understanding the cultural history of chivalry is important for modern audiences because the concept of chivalry is still used by many groups to legitimize and promote their interests and continues to shape our perceptions of masculinity and gender dynamics. While what we think of chivalry has changed greatly since Marie de France’s time, the ends of chivalry remain the same—to promote the interests of those in positions of power.
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Baxter, Kent. "Becoming a Gentleman." Boyhood Studies 11, no. 1 (2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2018.110102.
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This article traces the intellectual and cultural history of the concept of chivalry, paying particular attention to its relationship with coming-of-age narratives, boyology, and theories of adolescent development. The concept of chivalry was central to the texts surrounding turn-of-the-twentieth-century youth movements, such as the Boy Scouts and the Knights of King Arthur. Chivalry, as it was constructed in these texts, became a way to contain cultural anxieties associated with a fear of modernity and, as a code of behavior, provided a path for youths to come of age, therefore containing concerns about the newly conceived and characteristically unstable developmental stage of adolescence.
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Muscat Inglott, Matthew. "Is Chivalry Deadly? Contemporary Chivalric Disposition, Christian Knights, and the Third Reich." MCAST Journal of Applied Research & Practice 8, no. 4 (2024): 131–43. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.0459.
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This paper critically explores the concept of chivalry and its relevance in contemporary social science. Adopting a Nietzschean philosophical perspective, it challenges the assumption that chivalrous values are inherently good and virtuous. A novel framework is introduced conceptualising chivalry as a culturally evolved set of values surrounding fortitude, deference, and virtue, and applied as an interpretive lens to examine the notorious historical case of Nazi Germany in the 1930s. The study qualitatively analyses two educational documents and compares the values they promote with those of medieval knightly orders and the contemporary chivalrous ideals they inspired. Through a compelling selection of revealing quotes, the analysis explicates a disturbing continuity between the Nazi-era values that led to militarism, authoritarianism, idealised racial purity and, ultimately, heinous crimes against humanity, with those we continue to positively regard as chivalrous today. The analysis urges a revaluation of such values, and a more of honour, duty, and virtue. An appeal is ultimately made for substantially more critical academic discourse on chivalry and its broader implications in matters of significant interest to social scientists.
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Thal, Sarah. "Chivalry Without Women." American Historical Review 129, no. 2 (2024): 361–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhae151.
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Abstract An American world history text—read, interpreted, and used in entirely unintended contexts—shaped what we now see as a quintessentially Japanese concept: the way of the samurai (bushidō). William Swinton’s 1874 textbook, Outlines of the World’s History, was widely read in Japan both in the original and in translation. Proponents of the new and evolving idea of bushidō in the 1890s found Swinton’s chapter on European chivalry particularly useful, adopting his logic to assert the existence of a way of the samurai, akin to European chivalry, as the basis of Japan’s civilized national character, while defining that way as fundamentally opposed to the immoral “woman worship” of the West. In sum, Swinton’s textbook fueled a backlash in 1890s Japan that would give rise to a conception of chivalry without women: a purportedly native way of the samurai, inherently male supremacist, thought to constitute Japan’s national spirit, with a mission to civilize Japan and, for some proponents, the world.
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Rustom, Mohammed. "ʿAyn al-Quḍāt on Chivalry". Journal of Islamic Ethics 4, № 1-2 (2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340041.
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Abstract This article investigates the multi-dimensional presence of the important Persian Sufi concept of jawānmardī or chivalry in the writings of the famous 6th/12th century metaphysician, martyr, and mystic ʿAyn al-Quḍāt Hamadānī (d. 525/1131). The article begins by situating jawānmardī vis-à-vis its Arabic Sufi equivalent of futuwwa. Both of them convey a wide range of spiritual perfections ranging from wisdom and detachment to justice and pure generosity. Moreover, the article explores the specifically Persian emphasis on jawānmardī as an embodiment of the ideal type of lover of God. It will consequently be shown how, in the writings of such an influential figure as ʿAyn al-Quḍāt, jawānmardī is most prominently featured in three distinctive modes: an aspirational ideal, a realised concept, and the key to unlock the mystery of one of the greatest chevaliers, namely Iblīs.
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Khaleel Al-Khalili, Raja, and Maen Ali Al-Maqableh. "Migration of a Cultural Concept: Arabian Knighthood and Saladin as a Model." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 4 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.4p.118.
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This article is a cross-cultural approach that examines the historical and literary significance of the concept of Arabian knighthood during the Crusades (1095-1292 A.D.) and especially during the period of the Islamic leader Saladin who was famous in the West for his bravery and chivalry. The concept of Arabian knighthood for Saladin embodied characteristics of bravery, chivalry, and altruism which were present in Arabic poetry. As for the West, there was a distinct definition of knighthood; however, it changed after the Crusades and the physical encounter of western fighters with the legendary Saladin. The role of knightly values that Saladin embodied in changing the Western perception of knighthood is illustrated in both the historical and literary narratives of both Islamic and Western origins.
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Vyshnevska, Oksana, and Olena Bazyliuk. "The Concept of Chivalry as the Tmbodiment of Patriotism in Julian Ursyn Niemtsevych's Drama." Volyn Philological: Text and Context 31 (March 24, 2021): 148–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5248384.
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The article considers patriotism as a component of the formation of Poles national consciousness in the J. U. Niemtsevych’s historical dramas and tragedies. The concept of chivalry as an embodiment of national patriotism has been studied on the basis of the works «Vladyslav at Varna», «Kiejstut», «Jadwiga, the polish queen», «Khmelnytsky», «Kazimierz the Great». The dominant features of the chivalric code have been clarified: honour, nobility, sacrifice, courage, loyalty, love of freedom, religiosity and their relevance in the situation of Poland’s loss of independence. The main feature of the heroes-knights is an emotional connection with the nation and the homeland, which provides grounds for recognizing patriotism as the greatest personal value. The images of knights can be grouped by age and position in the social hierarchy: rulers, experienced soldiers, young knights. J. U. Niemtsevych focuses on various aspects of creating the image of a knight-patriot. First – experienced warriors who were guided in their actions by strict soldier’s valour and a sense of civic duty. These are Jan from Meleshyn («Kazimierz the Great»), Jan Tarnovski («Vladyslav at Varna»), and Kiejstut ("Kiejstut"). The hero of the drama «Jadwiga, the polish queen» Conrad is the embodiment of chivalric valour and devotion to the queen. Vladyslav Varnenchyk, the hero of the drama «Vladyslav at Varna», is the defender of the faith and the church. The initiations into the knight, understanding of the symbolic purpose of the knight's sword, shield and armour play an important role in the creation of the chivalric ideal. It is proved that the figure of a knight can be interpreted not only as a personal ideal inscribed in literary texts, but also as an allegory of the Polish national character, the bearer of patriotism.
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Boguszewicz, Artur. "On Identifying Chivalric Culture. An Outline of Research Issue." Światowit, no. 60 (December 5, 2022): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.60.9.
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The article is an attempt to capture the chivalric culture on the basis of various activities of the nobility, as reconstructed by an analysis of written records as well as artefacts discovered mainly in Silesian castles during archaeological research. In order to objectify the results of this research, the concept of habitus proposed by sociologist of culture Pierre Bourdieu and his continuators was used. This approach redirects focus to the question of a range of capitals – economic, social, cultural, and others – which were at the disposal of the lord of the castle, discernible on the basis of the analysis of archaeological materials and written records. The possibility of converting them into symbolic capital is identified here with the culture of chivalry.
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Calcagno, Julian. "The value of weoro: A historical sociological analysis of honour in Anglo-Saxon society." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 17, no. 1 (2021): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2021.1.3.
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The values that underpin the Anglo-Saxon concept of honour changed at the beginning of the sixth century. During this period, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms enshrined a new era of cultural and religious fervour, inculcating new practices of honour among the new Christianised Anglo-Saxon elite. This paper demonstrates the transition from pagan to Christian honour systems. Historians have often examined honour through concepts based on comparisons or 'terms of art', for example 'Bushido' in Japan, 'Futuwwa' in Islam, and 'chivalry' in Christianised later-medieval Europe. This paper emulates these examples by examining honour in Anglo-Saxon society through use of the Old English term weoro, an under-studied phenomenon. Unlike Bushido or chivalry, weoro does not imply a mandated way of living. Weoro is instead pervasive, encompassing many modes of Anglo-Saxon life: poetry, giving- and -receiving, burial, kin, and bestowing honours. This paper combines sociological analysis with historical evidence.
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Al-mobaideen, Nadeem Yousef Mohammed. "Literary Elements in the Poetry of Estrangement by Warrior’s Poets of the Pre-Islamic Era: An Analytical Study." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 3 (2025): e04232. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n03.pe04232.
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Objective: This research examines the concept of chivalry in Pre-Islamic poetry, where physical courage is harmonized with noble morals. It explores how chivalry extends beyond martial prowess to encompass Arab virtues such as generosity, bravery, protecting women and neighbors, and striving for self-realization apart from conflicts. Theoretical Framework: The study investigates the theme of exile and alienation in the poetry of warrior poets. It focuses on how these poets expressed humane and noble values, reflecting their deep aspirations and the collective ideals of Arab society at the time. Method: The research employs a poetic and linguistic analysis approach to evaluate the impact of exile on poetic expression. The study delves into the vibrant and dynamic language of the poets, highlighting their profound connection to the land and their cultural identity. Results and Discussion: The findings underscore the renown of a group of warriors who displayed extraordinary bravery in battles. Each tribe had knights skilled in horse riding and combat, symbolizing the influence of alienation on their character and emotions. This is vividly portrayed in the poetic meanings and themes explored in the study. Research Implications: The research enhances understanding of how Pre-Islamic poetry served as a medium to preserve values and articulate individual and societal struggles. It bridges the concepts of chivalry and alienation, offering insights into how cultural identity was conveyed through poetic expression. Originality/Value: This study provides a unique perspective on the synthesis of chivalry, alienation, and poetic language in Pre-Islamic Arabia. By analyzing the language and themes of warrior poets, it contributes to the broader understanding of Arab literary and cultural heritage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concept of chivalry"
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Zanatta, Anna <1996>. "THE RENAISSANCE CONCEPT OF CHIVALRIC HONOUR IN SHAKESPEARE’S SECOND TETRALOGY." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17667.
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ABSTRACT
One of the key topics to interpret Shakespeare’s historical plays is honour. However, this notion is often difficult to define, since the author joins different concepts, which at times oppose one another, like in the case of Falstaff and Hotspur. Therefore, after reading Shakespeare’s plays, the reader cannot fully grasp the meaning of honour: Falstaff’s question “What is honour? A word” empties the concept.
My interest on the topic was raised by the blurring concept of names and titles: they are inherited by blood, represent virtue and family, and Renaissance men were even ready to die for it. My analysis on names led to the more complex concept of honour, where titles played an active role.
I focused on honour in Shakespeare’s second tetralogy, to prove that this concept evolved and developed play after play. Therefore, my first chapter will give an historical background of the evolving meaning of the notion, from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. The second chapter will show the concrete meaning of honour for a 16th-century man, dealing with vices and virtues, education, wealth and language. Chapter three will talk about betrayal and offence causing revenge, duels and wars. Chapter four will provide the highest example of virtue, the king, highlighting the opposition between the king’s two bodies. Having theorised every feature of honour, I will conclude my text with Falstaff’s reflexion on honour.
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Chien-li, Kuo, and 郭芊欐. "A Study of “Free marriage” Concept in Late Qing Dynasty Novel－－Focus on “Free marriage”, “Female Prison Flower”﹐“Yellow Hydrangea”﹐ “Women’s rights” and “Chivalry Girl”." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89888927416174533333.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>中國文學系暨研究所<br>100<br>As the late Qing Dynasty had been deeply westernized, people started to question on the traditional marriage rules, and started to advocate “free marriage”, that is, the requirement of a marriage must based on mutual consensus. In other words, men and women are free from the passive position in arranged marriage, and they owned to right to make the decision of choosing a spouse. Thus, the premise of a relationship was “free marriage”. No matter people choose to communicate through letters or meeting in public, there would be opportunities for them to getting to know each other and develop relationships. Therefore, being educated is a prerequisite for women back then if they wanted to be presentable whether in written or verbal. This was the cause-effect relationship between “free marriage” and female education. Traditional marriage stressed on family responsibilities and duties. On the contrast, “free marriage” emphasized on the emotional attachment between the married spouses since the relationship was now based on pre-marriage phase and equal rights between two sexes. Thus, “free marriage” also caused to trend of fighting for women’s right. Since the idea of arrange marriage was deeply rooted in the society, the idea of “free marriage” was not accepted nor supported right back when it was advocated. However, the literature world had reflected favors on “free marriage” in many prospects. There were many novels contained descriptions on marriage, problem between spouses and the ideal marriage form and relationship. In this thesis, 5 late Qing novels were analyzed as study materials. They were “Free Marriage” (1903) by CHEN, Tan-Nu-Shih-Tzu-Yu-Hua, “Female Prison Flower” (1904) by WANG, Miao-Ju, “Yellow Hydrangea” (1905-1907) by YI, So, “Women’s Rights” (1907) by SU, Chi-Chai and “Chivalry Girl” (1909-1911) by WEN,Yu-Nu-Shih (SHAO, Chen-Hua). These novels were used to analyze and evaluate many different aspects regarding marriages to conclude an integrated idea of “free marriage”. After reviewing these novels, it is certain to say the concept of “free marriage” and autonomy were proposed and confirmed in these late Qing literatures. What is more, they all pointed out the lack of mutual consensus between couples when building a relationship or marriage was the most important factor that caused disagreement. Through different description on arrange marriage and “free marriage” in these novels, it is clear these late Qing authors all agreed on the idea of “free marriage” while the traditional wedding ceremony and routine to propose were still valued. In other words, the essence of marriage was replaced by being love first. Thus, people at the time started to recognize the new thinking of marriage, but they also accepted the traditional form of wedding ceremony. This was a mixture of new and old. The breakthrough had been done, but the traditions had not totally disappeared. Furthermore, the novels also illustrated the idea of staying out of marriage and the reasons to reflect the national movement in late Qing. Therefore, women can chose to stay single and contribute whatever they could for the country while strived for their personal freedom. In conclusion, through different description and illustration regarding marriage in these novels, we could see the idea of “free marriage” had already taken place and evolved in late Qing.
Keyword：Late Qing Novel、“Free marriage”、Free marriage、 Female Prison Flower、Yellow Hydrangea、Female’s Rights、Chivalry Girl
Books on the topic "Concept of chivalry"
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Broughton, Bradford B. Dictionary of medieval knighthood and chivalry: Concepts and terms. Greenwood Press, 1986.
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Broughton, Bradford B. Dictionary of medieval knighthood and chivalry.: Concepts and terms. Greenwood Press, 1986.
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Clein, Wendy. Concepts of chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Pilgrim Books, 1987.
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Wollock, Jennifer G. Rethinking Chivalry and Courtly Love. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216008194.
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This book offers an overview of the origins, growth, and influence of chivalry and courtly love, casting new light on the importance of these medieval ideals for understanding world history and culture to the present day. Rethinking Chivalry and Courtly Love shows that these two interlinked medieval era concepts are best understood in light of each other. It is the first book to explore the multicultural origins of chivalry and courtly love in tandem, tracing their sources back to the ancient world, then follow their development—separately and together—through medieval life and literature. In addition to examining the history of chivalry and courtly love, this remarkable volume looks at their enduring legacy—not just in popular media but in molding our present-day concepts of human rights, professional ethics, military conduct, and gender relations. Readers will see how understanding the tenets of the chivalrous life helps us understand our own world today.
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Broughton, Bradford A. Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry. Greenwood, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400640353.
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This work should prove to be a joy and a delight to both novices and experts. Its depth of coverage within its topics places it well beyond more general works. . . . [Its] usefulness in the areas of history, literature, and the arts can justify its purchase by any library with patrons whose interests are set in the medieval period.RQ Most historians find a work such as this valuable, but could bot have compiled it themselves; the fifteen years of research which produced this book would have reduced most of us to babbling, drooling, burnt-out cases, if not to catatonia. The effort and care which obviously went into this book evoke awe and admiration. . . . This work will be useful--perhaps even essential--to undergraduates writing papers in the area of knighthood and chivalry, as well as to historians wishing to confirm what they should already know. The Dictionary is particularly strong in matters military and heraldic. It is also fun for the browser; anyone who claims to have learned nothing from it is either the author or a liar.Albion In this comprehensive reference work, Bradford B. Broughton has organized alphabetically the terms and concepts of medieval English and French knighthood and chivalry. He describes the training of a young man as a page and squire for knighthood, as well as the equipment of a knight and those duties he could be called upon to perform. Contemporary data, such as legal terms and tables of weights and measures, are included, as are descriptions of the various military orders which existed. Although the focus of this reference work is on chivalry and knighthood, the social and political panorama of the period is well covered. Such subjects as the the coronation ritual, the precedence of royalty, and consequent distinctions between ranks of the peerage are described, making this an ideal reference source for most terms relative to medieval chivalry. Generous cross-referencing, bibliographical references for further study, and an appendix listing entries by topic provide ready access for those seeking information on a particular aspect of the period. A complete list of Feast and Saint's Days is also included.
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Robinson-Dunn, Diane. ‘Fairer to the Ladies’ and of Benefit to the Nation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688349.003.0005.
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By examining his writings, speeches, poetry and actions, as well as those of his contemporaries involved with the Liverpool Muslim community, this chapter explores Abdullah Quilliam’s relationship with gender roles and constructs. It considers his creative self-fashioning, for which he drew from both "Eastern" and "Western" influences in order to present a version of British Muslim masculinity characterized by sensitivity, chivalry, reverence for motherhood, and the pursuit of social justice. Quilliam believed that the limited polygamy, or more accurately polygyny, as sanctioned by the Qur’an, which he, in fact, practiced, not only benefited individuals and family life, but also strengthened nation and empire by encouraging population growth and thereby preventing degeneration and decay. In addition, Quilliam’s belief in the benefits of racial and cultural “miscegenation” became an issue of no small importance during a time when his critics and even officials in the British Home and Foreign Offices expressed concern that his willingness to perform “mixed marriages” posed a threat to national security.
Book chapters on the topic "Concept of chivalry"
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Terry-Roisin, Elizabeth Ashcroft. "Chivalry, Renaissance Concept of." In Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02848-4_846-1.
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Terry-Roisin, Elizabeth Ashcroft. "Chivalry, Renaissance Concept of." In Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5_846.
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Modiano, Raimonda. "Chivalry or Contest? Coleridge, Wordsworth and ‘The Goddess Nature’." In Coleridge and the Concept of Nature. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07135-7_4.
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Sposato, Peter W. "Introduction." In Forged in the Shadow of Mars. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501761898.003.0001.
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This chapter sheds light on the central role played by chivalric ideology in strongly encouraging and valorizing violence among a sizable segment of the Florentine elite, and its connection to the violence that loomed so large in that culture. It highlights that chivalry, an ideology infused with violence, was the dominant ethos of the lay elite in late medieval Europe. The chapter also elaborates on chivalric ideology as it manifested in Florence during this period as well as the concept of ideology. The chapter then shifts to explain the two central arguments in the book: that chivalry exercised a powerful influence on a sizable segment of the Florentine elite during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and that chivalric ideology shaped the identities these men claimed and the ideas, values, and beliefs that informed their worldview or mentalitè. By examining Florentine elite culture through a chivalric lens, the chapter helps us to make better sense of the penchant for violence, brash lawlessness, and deeply entrenched resistance to the growing public authority of the communal government demonstrated by many individuals and lineages.
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Pollard, A. J. "Gentility: The Chase and Chivalry." In North-Eastern England During The Wars Of The Roses. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198200871.003.0009.
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Abstract When in 1460 Richard Pigot senior of Ripon gave a warranty to his nephew for Little Burton and other lands he swore, as well as by the faith he owed unto God, ‘not to vex nor trouble him upon his truth and worship as a true gentleman’. His word as a gentleman was as important as his oath as a Christian. But what was meant by ‘gentleman’? It is well established that the fifteenth century witnessed in England the development of the concept and style of a gentleman. As we have seen, a line was drawn at approximately £ro clear income a year from land between those who were taken to be gentle and those who were not. But true gentility did not reside in material wealth alone. It derived ultimately from personal qualities: lineage, courtliness, generosity, and honour. But getting beneath the skin to the true feeling of the north-eastern gentleman towards chivalry is as hard as getting to the heart of his religious conviction. A code of honour, martial at heart, was no doubt instilled at an early age (or acquired by the new arrival), and subscribed to; but in the absence of direct personal testimony we can do little more than assume this. We have largely to rely on the evidence of gentility in action, of its visible show and demonstration to the world, especially in the skills of hunting and in expertise in arms.
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Meron, Theodor. "A pagan knight?: shakespeare’s ancient wars." In Bloody Constraint. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195123838.003.0004.
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Abstract Shakespeare’s ability to extrapolate medieval and Christian concepts of chivalry to Roman, Trojan, early British and mythical wars and yet, at the same time, employ those early wars as a purported source and authority for chivalry should not come as a surprise. In this respect, he follows the tradition of chivalric and English humanist literature. English medieval and humanist writers regarded the Roman and Greek heroes as chivalrous pagan knights and good citizens, similar to those of the Middle Ages, except for their paganism. Shakespeare was apparently familiar with The Song of Roi.and, an eleventh-century epic poem ( I Henry VI, l.iii.8-9), which describes the Saracen Blancadrin as “one of the wisest of the pagans [and a] most valiant and worthy knight.
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Crawford, Emily. "Parole of Prisoners of War Under Article 21 of the Third Geneva Convention: The Past, Present, and Future." In Prisoners of War in Contemporary Conflict. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197663288.003.0011.
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Abstract Article 21 of the Third wGeneva Convention contains something of a historical anomaly—the possibility of granting parole to prisoners of war (POWs). An Article 21 parole is an agreement on the part of the captive soldier to refrain from participating in hostilities in return for limited or unrestricted release from POW captivity. Parole—from the French “word” or “promise,” as in “to give one’s word”—is a concept grounded in medieval notions of chivalry and honor, underpinned by both pragmatic and humanitarian objectives, traceable as far back as ancient Roman times. By the eighteenth century, it was a given that POWs could be paroled during their captivity, with parole agreements established during conflicts such as the Franco-Prussian War, the Boer War, and the American Civil War. However, by the time of the adoption of Article 21, the practice of parole was far less common, with exceptionally limited employment of parole during the First and Second World Wars. With this historical background in mind, this chapter will examine the history of parole of POWs—why it was adopted, and why it has fallen into desuetude. The chapter will also examine whether the tradition of parole remains a viable or useful option for States, in light of new technologies and new practices in the conduct of armed conflicts.
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Crouch, David. "The Preudomme." In The Chivalric Turn. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782940.003.0004.
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Gender expectations were a major part of the medieval social habitus, and they were conveyed by an idealized superior male (called in French a preudomme, in German the biderbe man), a concept applied across the social spectrum to laity and clergy alike and the subject of conduct manuals. The preudomme offers in fact a contemporary and widely accepted European medieval definition of masculinity, so far ignored by gender historians. He was very much crafted to assist success in courtly society. This chapter defines and analyses the concept and offers a new avenue into the study of medieval gender which to date has concentrated on data drawn from clerical sources.
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Crouch, David. "The Conspiracy of Deference." In The Chivalric Turn. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782940.003.0011.
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Nobility was a concept that came under urgent scrutiny as the chivalric turn was happening. It was in 1100 an ill-defined concept linked in the classical tradition to ‘superiority’ and in the Isidorian tradition to ‘notability’: so a man could be noble, and so could his horse. It included the idea of noble blood and descent, however, which demanded social deference to the supposed possessor and justified his hegemony. As the elite of European society changed at the end of the twelfth century, possession of Nobility became more urgent to individuals (like knights) who needed the deference it demanded to assist their membership of the elite. A binary debate began in the schools pitting the Aristotelian idea of Nobility of Mind against the embedded vernacular sense of Nobility of Blood, which the schools settled in favour of the former, but which elite society repudiated by a mixture of contorted theology and history, an origin myth.
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Prosser, Gareth. "The later medieval French noblesse." In France in the Later Middle Ages 1200–1500. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199250479.003.0009.
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Abstract Noblesse is ancient and international, and the historiography of its origins and trajectory is vast and fissured. Key concepts in the modern study of the European nobility—Germanic origins, the rise and fall of chivalry, class conflict with bourgeois capitalism, domestication by centralizing monarchies—now seem simplistic or ideological. The abandonment of the great edifice of ‘feudalism’ alone might easily monopolize this discussion, and few implications of it for the period after 1300 have been pursued.
Conference papers on the topic "Concept of chivalry"
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Khukhunaishvili-Tsiklauri, Mary. "Mytho-Folklore Paradigms in Georgian Medieval and Modern Literature According to the Prose Romance “Amiran-Darejaniani” by Mose Khoneli (XII c.) and the Novel “The Cry of the Goddess” by Grigol Robakidze (XX c.)." In XII Congress of the ICLA. Georgian Comparative Literature Association, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62119/icla.3.8949.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of presented research is to investigate how the undying mytho-folklore images of demigod Amirani and his mother, goddess of hunt, Dali have been influencing Georgian secular literature from its dawn up to the modern time. “Amiran-Darejaniani” by Mose Khoneli, precursor of Shota Rustaveli, was written in the epoch of the early feudalism , when the political– economical system ascended and, like Europe the Chivalry institution was established. The aim of the author was description and praise of the knighthood: their way of life, educational – moral system, concept of chivalrous conduct. Idealizing the hero knight, his noble deeds, the author describes his extraordinary challenges before claiming his honor. The romance stands between myth, fairy tale and realistic story. In contrast with Shota Rustaveli’s romantic poem “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, “Amiran– Darejaniai” is free of romantic background, of any religious idea or national pathos. Mose Khoneli’s authorship is based on the information recorded in the Pseudo-Rustavelian strophe of the epilogue of “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” by Shota Rustaveli. The modern writer Grigol Robakidze faced different demands of his epoch: re-examination of every aspect of existence, first of all the intrinsic worth of the individual. The love story of the noble woman Ivlite representing the mortal splitting image of the Goddess Dali (connected to love and hatred, capable of both good and evil) and young hunter Tanbi, depicts their struggle for personal freedom. G. Robakidze, a famous mythmaker, relying on literary devices – symbolic and imaginary, created a psychological novel with a strong and mighty woman. In both literary works we have mythorealistic literary creations with different aims and manner of writing in answer to the time demand.