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Tolstrup, Karen Dodge. "Agents of Change and 'The Art of Right Living: How Home Economists Influenced Post World War II Consumerism." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TolstrupKD2006.pdf.
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Leslie, Catherine Amoroso. "Identity, consumption, and frequency of behavior among contempory needleworkers /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148645787178622.
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Gilimani, Benedict Mandlenkosi. "The economic contribution of home production for home consumption in South African agriculture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1795.
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Cicero, Anne Hinnant Amanda. "Messages of frugality and consumption in the Ladies' Home Journal 1920s-1940s /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5345.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 22, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Amanda Hinnant. Includes bibliographical references.
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Yust, Becky Love. "Energy use by households in a rural area of the Philippines /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944211661.
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Le, Tollec Agnès. "Finding a New Home (Economics) : Towards a Science of the Rational Family, 1924-1981." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN006.
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Cette thèse retrace l’histoire de l’économie de la famille aux États-Unis entre 1924 et 1981. Je montre que dans la première partie du XXe siècle, les économistes voyaient principalement les comportements au sein de la famille comme le résultat des normes sociales. Par suite, la famille restait pour l’essentiel à la périphérie de l’économie. A la fin des années 1920 et au début des années 1930, le désintérêt de la plupart des économistes pour ce sujet a permis la création d’une économie de la famille au sein de départements d’économie domestique, distincts des départements traditionnels d’économie. Cette sous-discipline explore les contraintes structurelles (psychologiques, sociales et économiques) qui pèsent sur les comportements familiaux tout en cherchant à améliorer la situation des familles. Elle reste marginale en économie, d’une part, parce que les comportements familiaux semblent trop différents des comportements marchands ; d’autre part, parce que des femmes pour l’essentiel la composent. Après 1945, les économistes analysent les comportements familiaux comme étant le résultat de la maximisation de la satisfaction des familles par rapport à des contraintes économiques. L’économie de la famille rejoint alors l’économie néoclassique et devient majoritairement masculineThis dissertation traces the displacement of family economics from the periphery to the center of economics. I show that in the early twentieth century, most economists viewed the family as ruled by social norms – tradition, customs and morals. Accordingly, they did not regard the study of the family as coming within the scope of economics. Women economists who had an interest in family were able to create a separate family economics field within home economics departments in the late 1920s and early 1930s. This field explored the structural constraints on household behavior and was geared towards increasing family welfare. Because household behavior seemed so different from market behavior and because it was a female field, studies on the family remained marginal within economics. After World War II, economists began to interest themselves in consumption and from the 1960s they accounted for a wide range of family behaviors using a utility maximization framework. As family economics became mainstream, it was masculinized
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Chiang, Mei-Fang. "Retirement Consumption Behavior: Evidence from HRS CAMS 2001-2009." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338247837.
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Fong, Ka-ki Catherine. "Consuming home in Hong Kong a qualitative study of middle class aspirations and practice /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37844544.
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Tokoyama, Yuki. "Three essays on Japanese household food consumption." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180272913.
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Collins, Sonia Fransiena Johanna. "Huishoudingskuld in Suid-Afrika en die invloed op private verbruiksbesteding (Afrikaans)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27825.
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AFRIKAANS: Die studie ondersoek die verband tussen huishoudingskuld in Suid-Afrika en finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings en daar is bevind dit is 'n wedersydse, moeilik voorspelbare en nie 'n eenvoudige proses nie, omdat verskeie faktore in die ekonomie dit beïnvloed. Die stand van die ekonomie en veral die persepsie van die verbruiker is belangrike faktore. Geld het 'n evolusie ondergaan en minder tasbaar geword as gevolg van krediet. Dit het beheer daarvan moeilik gemaak. Die koste van krediet is 'n geleentheid vir die Sentrale Bank om beheer oor geldskepping uit te oefen. Monetêre beleid skep 'n effektiewe omgewing vir die ekonomie om te funksioneer. Beleid beheer die vraag en aanbod van geld direk (deur rentekoerse) of indirek ( deur vraag- en aanbodfaktore te manipuleer). Geld in die moderne ekonomie verwys na krediet en veral na krediet van huishoudings. Totale uitstaande krediet van huishoudings, en die samestelling daarvan het oor die afgelope 25 jaar aansienlik verander. Dit toon op 'n verandering in die mag van die Sentrale Bank oor die geldskeppingsproses. Bevolkingswelvaart word gemeet aan die vermoë van huishoudings om inkome te bestee. Finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings is die belangrikste deel van totale besteding in die ekonomie. Suid-Afrika klassifiseer finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings volgens die 1993 Stelsel van Nasionale Rekeninge. Verskille tussen die 1993 en 1968 weergawes sluit verskille in ten opsigte van tipe klassifikasie ( doelwit versus duursaamheid) en tussen werklike finale verbruiksbesteding (finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings plus individuele verbruik deur die owerheid) en finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings. Verskillende teorieë bestaan met betrekking tot die effek van rentekoerse, inflasie en finansiële liberalisering op besteding, verbruik oor die lewensiklus, die verbruiksbestedingsfunksie, die verwantskap tussen inkome en besteding en marginale verbruiksbesteding. Die verloop van finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings in Suid¬Afrika oor die afgelope 25 jaar toon dat die samestelling heelwat verander het soos die ekonomie deur verskillende fases gegaan het. Besteding aan duursame en semi-duursame goedere het toenemend gedaal, terwyl besteding aan veral dienste, skerp gestyg het. Die algemene beskikbaarheid van krediet het veroorsaak dat huishoudings al meer op skuld begin leef het gedurende die negentigs. Die gevolgtrekking is dat, in teenstelling met vroeë bevindings, huishoudings nie noodwendig slegs duursame goedere finansier met krediet nie, maar ook nie-duursame goedere en dienste. Die hoë vlakke van krediet en die koste van krediet, het oor die lang termyn 'n negatiewe effek op besteding. Die verband tussen huishoudingskuld in Suid-Afrika en finale verbruiksbesteding deur huishoudings hang af van die faktore wat bestedingsbesluite deur huishoudings beïnvloed, wat monetêre en fiskale beleid insluit. Die toepassing van monetêre beleid werk deur die transmissiemeganisme, wat deur verskeie kanale werk. Die kredietkanaal bestaan uit die balansstaatkanaal en die bankleningskanaal. Die balansstaatkanaal verduidelik die werking van 'n verandering in monetêre beleid op die welvaart van die bevolking. Die bankleningskanaal werk direk deur rentekoerse en banklenings. Verskillende denkskole ondersteun verskillende kanale. Die endogene/eksogene geld vraagstuk lei tot die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak is, dat die voorraad van kredietgeld altyd vraag-bepaald is en dat die aanbod daarvan slegs indirek deur die Sentrale Bank beheer kan word deur die omstandighede in die geldmark (wat rentekoerse affekteer) te verander. ENGLISH: The study investigates the relationship between household debt in South Africa and final consumption expenditure by households and it was found to be an interrelated, difficult process that is not easy to predict, because various factors in the economy influence both. The most important ones are the state of the economy and the perception of the consumer. Money has evolved into something less tangible as a result of credit. That increased the difficulty of control over it. The cost of credit provided an opportunity to the Central Bank to control the creation of money. Monetary policy creates an efficient environment in which the economy can function. Policy control the supply and demand of money directly (through interest rates) or indirectly (through manipulation of the supply and demand factors). Money in the modem economy means credit and specifically credit of households. Total outstanding credit of households and the composition of credit changed dramatically over the last 25 years. This is an indication of a change in the control of the Central Bank over the money creation process. The wealth of the nation is measured by the ability of households to spend income. Final consumption expenditure by households is the most important part of total consumption in the economy. South Africa classifies final consumption expenditure by households according to the 1993 System of National Accounts. Differences between the 1993 and 1968 versions are with respect to type of classification (purpose versus durability) and between actual final consumption and final consumption expenditure by households. There are different theories regarding the effect of interest rates, inflation, financial liberalisation on consumption, consumption over the life-cycle, the consumption function, the relationship between income and consumption and marginal consumption expenditure. The trend in final consumption expenditure by households in South Africa over the last 25 years shows the changes as a result of the different phases of the economy. Consumption of durable and semi-durable goods have decreased continually, while demand for services increased sharply. Households increasingly financed expenditure with credit during the nineties, being the result of the availability of credit. The conclusion is that households not only finance durable goods with credit but also non-durable goods and services, which is contradictory to previous conclusions. The high levels of credit and the cost of credit have a negative effect on consumption over the long term. The relationship between household debt in South Africa and final consumption expenditure is determined by factors that influence decisions about spending, which include monetary and fiscal policy. The influence of monetary policy can be described through the transmission mechanism, that work through different channels. The credit channel consists of the balance sheet channel and the bank lending channel. The balance sheet channel explains the effect of changes in monetary policy on the wealth of the nation. The bank lending channel work through interest rates and bank loans. Different schools of thought support different channels. The exogenous/endogenous money supply debate lead to the conclusion that the supply of credit money is always demand determined and that control by the Central Bank is indirect through the influence of supply and demand conditions in the money market.Dissertation (MCom (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Economics
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Fong, Ka-ki Catherine, and 方嘉琪. "Consuming home in Hong Kong: a qualitative study of middle class aspirations and practice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37844544.
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Andersson, Veronica, and Klaudia Chwaszcz. "Jag är vad jag äger : En kvalitativ studie om sociala mediers inflytande på konsumtion och identitet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35342.
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Never before have we invested so much time and money in our homes as we do today. The growing interest in home interior is partly due to an increase of commercialisation of home and interior design in various media. New opinion leaders have spread out on several levels in society as a result of social media's measureless growth and it is increasingly talked about influential influencers. Considering the increased interest in home interior and the fact that social media has become more prominent, it was interesting to study these phenomena and the connection between them. The purpose of this paper was therefore to investigate how the home is represented on social media and how this exposition is linked with consumption and identity creation for users of social media. In this study, a qualitative methodological approach has been applied in the form of a semiotic analysis of blog posts and semistructured interviews. The study has shown that when the blogger shows and distributes ideals of a home, that often symbolizes status, it shapes users' perception of how a home should look. This can further lead them to such symbolism in their consumption. The daily inspiration from the digital sphere can thus contribute to increased consumption, which further reflects the identity of individuals and how they want to be perceived by others. However, this consumption is not always clear and often does not occur directly, but may come to the surface later on. Thus, the study shows that the consumption of home interior has become an important tool for the identity of individuals. That is, both how an individual sees himself, but also how the individual wants to be perceived by others.Aldrig tidigare har vi svenskar investerat så mycket tid och pengar på våra hem som vi gör idag. Det växande heminredningsintresset beror dels på en ökad kommersiell gestaltning av hem och inredning i diverse media. Nya opinionsledare har brett ut sig på flera plan i samhället till följd av sociala mediers måttlösa framväxt och det talas alltmer om de inflytelserika influencerna. Med hänsyn till det ökade heminredningsintresset samt att sociala medier har blivit mer framträdande var det intressant att studera dessa fenomen och kopplingen mellan dem. Syftet med denna uppsats var således att undersöka hur hemmet framställs på sociala medier och hur denna framställning kopplas samman med konsumtion och identitetsskapande för användarna av sociala medier. I denna studie har det tillämpats en kvalitativ metodologisk ansats i form av en semiotisk analys av blogginlägg samt semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien har visat att när bloggerskorna visar och sprider ideal av hemmet, som ofta symboliserar status, formar det användarnas uppfattning om hur ett hem bör se ut. Detta kan vidare leda till att användarna söker sig till sådan symbolik i sin konsumtion. Den dagliga inspirationen från den digitala sfären kan sålunda bidra till en ökad konsumtion, som vidare speglar individernas identitet och hur de vill uppfattas av andra. Dock är inte denna konsumtion alltid tydlig och sker ofta inte direkt, utan kan komma upp till ytan under en senare tid. Studien visar således att konsumtion av heminredning har blivit ett viktigt verktyg för individers identitetskonstruktion. Det vill säga, både hur en individ ser sig själv men även och hur individen vill uppfattas av andra.
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Whang, Mikyoung. "Nelly Don’s 1916 pink gingham apron frock: an illustration of the middle-class American housewife’s shifting role from producer to consumer." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8621.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Sherry Haar
Nell Donnelly created a stylish, practical, affordable pink gingham apron frock in 1916, selling out her first order of 216 dresses the first morning at $1 apiece at Peck’s Dry Goods Company in Kansas City. This study investigates the forces behind the success of her dress, and finds that during the early 20th century, woman’s role became modernized, shifting from that of producer to consumer, and that clothing—in particular, the housedress—was a visible reflection of this shift. Specific attributes contributed to the success of the apron frock in design and social perspective. First, her housedress incorporated current design elements including kimono sleeves, empire waistline, waist yoke, asymmetrical front closure, and ruffle trimmings sensibly. Socially, mass advertising and mass media articles promoted fashion consciousness in women to look as pretty as those in the ad or article. As a result, integrating trendy design elements into an affordable housedress along with the growing demand for a stylish, yet practical housedress guaranteed the success of Nelly Don’s pink gingham apron frock. As such, the availability and value of the apron frock provide a vivid illustration of woman’s shifting role: its popularity as an alternative to old-fashioned Mother Hubbard housedresses demonstrates both women’s new consumer awareness as well as their growing involvement in the public sphere.
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Cacciari, Joseph. "Les ménages face aux impératifs de "transition énergétique" : des raisonnements pris entre marché, normalisation institutionnelle et références pour agir forgées au fil de la trajectoire biographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0280/document.
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Comment des normes de conduite hétéronomes parviennent-elles à définir la manière dont les individus organisent leur quotidien sans être perçues comme des contraintes extérieures ou arbitraires ? Comment les individus en arrivent-ils à privilégier certaines références pour agir plutôt que d’autres au fil de leur trajectoire sociale ? Les pratiques énergétiques prenant place dans l’espace domestique constituent un terrain d’analyse de ces questions particulièrement riche dans le contexte actuel d’injonction à la « transition énergétique ». Les changements de conduite attendus sont l’occasion de travaux de sciences sociales qui acceptent souvent comme allant de soi les catégories du débat public : notamment celles qui consistent à rabattre les pratiques domestiques mobilisatrices d’énergie sur des consommations. Le propos est ici de questionner ces catégories pour des ménages des classes populaires « du haut », à distance des dispositifs d’assistance prévus pour les situations de dénuement mais néanmoins menacés de difficultés avec les coûts de l’énergie. Ce travail rend compte des mécanismes de soumission au mot d’ordre économique et de la socialisation des acteurs à la mise en consommation des pratiques domestiques mobilisatrices d’énergie, les amenant dans des circonstances particulières à prêter attention à de nouveaux discours prescriptifs. Pour cela, la thèse s’appuie sur une revue critique des travaux de sciences sociales portant sur les ménages face à l’énergie, sur des monographies de groupes professionnels porteurs de discours institutionnels auprès des ménages et sur des monographies de ménages précisément situésHow do heteronomous norms of behavior succeed in defining how individuals organize their everyday lives without being perceived as external or arbitrary constraints? How do individuals come to favor certain references to act rather than others in their life's course ? Energy practices in the domestic space (heating and cooling of rooms, cooking and refrigerating food, domestic hot water, lighting, electrical appliances, etc.) constitute a particularly rich field of analysis of these questions in the current context of "energy transition". The expected changes in behavior are the occasion of social science studies that often take for granted the categories of public debate: in special, that of reducing domestic practices that mobilize energy on consumption and that which naturalizes the energy transition . The aim is here to question these categories for households of the " working classes from the upper", at a distance from the social work schemes designed for deprived situations and nevertheless threatened with difficulties with energy costs. It then attempts to account for the mechanisms of submission to the economic slogan and the socialization of the social actors to the consumption of domestic practices mobilizing energy, bringing them in particular circumstances to pay attention to new prescriptive speeches when deciding on their actions. For this purpose, the thesis is based on a critical review of the social science work on households relation to energy, on monographs of occupational groups with institutional discourses on households and on monographs of households
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Ratliff, Kari. "Life & Lifestyle Makeovers: The Promotion of Materialism in Extreme Makeover: Home Edition." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185292633.
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Vaziri, Alyssa S. "Pink and Dude Chefs: Effectiveness of an After-School Nutrition Knowledge and Culinary Skills Program for Middle School Students to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1946.
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The rate of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 12-19 years has more than tripled since 1980, and disproportionately impacts low-income and marginalized populations. Reduction in adolescent obesity rates may result in decreased health risks, decrease healthcare costs, and increased quality of life. Effective intervention methods for adolescent participants have incorporated nutrition knowledge and culinary skill building into afterschool programs. This study examines whether building knowledge, skills, and confidence through a culinary intervention can improve adolescent participants’ choices of healthful foods through increased fruit and vegetable intake.
Pink and Dude Chefs (PDC) is an afterschool nutrition education and culinary skills program for middle-school adolescents aged 11-14 years. This project aimed to improve eating behavior in participants by increasing culinary and nutrition self-efficacy. PDC was implemented in Shandon, California from Spring 2014 to Fall 2014, and in Santa Maria, Guadalupe, and New Cuyama, California from Fall 2015 to Summer 2016. Eighty-three middle school students participated and completed surveys in the 12-lesson program that covered food safety, micro- and macronutrients, meal planning, and USDA MyPlate guidelines.
Participant fruit and vegetable consumption improved following participation. Girls’ frequency of overall fruit consumption increased from a mean of 1.8 (SD 0.9) to 2.0 (SD 1.0). Girls’ vegetable consumption increased from 1.2 (SD 0.8) to 1.5 (SD 0.9). Boys’ fruit consumption increased from 1.9 (SD 1.0) to 2.2 (SD 1.0), and boys’ vegetable consumption increased from 1.1 (SD 0.9) to 1.3 (SD 0.8).
More research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of participation in nutrition education and culinary skills programs. If obesity prevention programs that incorporate a skill-based culinary approach continue to show promising outcomes for adolescents, larger scale efforts may contribute to decreasing the public health and economic burdens associated with obesity.
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Wyatt, Marla Jean. "Curriculum orientations of home economics leaders and characteristics of recommended home economics curriculum documents /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487858417982004.
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Lansdell, Keith (Ronald Keith) Carleton University Dissertation Economics. "The Hendry approach to the consumption function; interpretation and application to Canada." Ottawa, 1992.
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Kim, Seewon. "Risk sharing, consumption and saving : two essays." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265039092.
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Chen, Yong. "Home equity, migration and retirement." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Laibson, David I. "Hyperbolic discounting and consumption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11966.
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Abrahams, Patricia Annette. "Writing for learning in Home Economics." University of the Western Cape, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8349.
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Magister Educationis - MEdThis mini-thesis comprises two sections, the what and the how of writing-across-the curriculum (WAC). Section one investigates the integration of writing into content area subjects through the writing process as a project of possibility for critical pedagogy. The view is held that the writing in content area subjects makes learning more meaningful, enjoyable and also empowers students to become critical self-determined thinkers. Students no longer only fill in blanks, choose the correct answer or rely on rote learning when writing in content area subjects, but write creatively and expressively in a variety of discourse forms. In chapter two the literature on WAC is reviewed in depth. The chapter commences with some thoughts on what writing is. Then it investigates the writing process and proceeds to what writing across the curriculum is, with all its merits highlighted. The implementation of writing across the curriculum which involves the whole school as well as a proposed writing across the curriculum policy comprises the main section of the chapter. One of the objectives of this research is to show that implementing the writing process in a content area subject not only improves the standard of writing but also enhances the internalisation of subject matter. A further objective is to illustrate that writing across the curriculum can facilitate change in the classroom. Section two, starting with chapter three, is devoted to the "how" of WAC, and its practical application. Observations in classrooms where writing in content area subjects were done in Missouri schools are described and examples of work done at the schools are cited. In chapter four attention is given to the design and presentation of a writing project in Home Economics based on the standard eight Home Economics syllabus. This classroom research is based on experiential learning. A detailed description of the results is included. The last chapter starts with a dream, an outline of a Home Economics project of possibility for a standard eight Home Economics class. The project is developed around community work to convince students that they can make a difference in the world by showing care and concern for the elderly. The second part of chapter five, deals with constraints with regard to the implementation of a writing programme in Home Economics at the school where I teach. The chapter concludes with recommendations for the implementation of a writing programme in Home Economics.
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Brandon, Dorothy Priscilla. "Home economics relevance to Botswana's development /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148786179681798.
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Taniguchi, Kiyoshi. "Three essays on Japanese consumption patterns and agricultural policy." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261312378.
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Pagès, Henri Frederic. "Three essays in optimal consumption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14436.
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Bishop, Tonja Bowen. "Financing retirement consumption and bequests." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54642.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-149).
This dissertation consists of three essays that evaluate possible vehicles for financing either retirement consumption or bequests. Chapter 1 compares the use of Roth and tax-deferred retirement accounts for retirement consumption with the use of taxable accounts. Previously, economists have often assumed that retirement savings should be done in a tax-deferred account. However, the advent of Roth-style tax-favored accounts and concerns about the tax implications of increasing retirement income through distributions from tax-deferred accounts warrant revisiting this question. I use data on married couples in the HRS and NBER's TAXSIM model to measure the probability of a household facing a higher tax rate at ages 62, 65, and 69 than the household faced at age 57. When the marginal tax rate is higher, the household could decrease their lifetime tax burden by choosing a Roth-style account over a tax-deferred account. I also measure the probability of facing a marginal tax rate that is sufficiently high that the household minimizes tax payments by using a taxable account rather than a tax-deferred account, when a Roth option is not available. I find that for distributions beginning at age 69, between 10 and 35% of households with taxable income at age 57 should prefer a Roth account to a tax-deferred account, but very few households prefer a taxable account. Chapter 2 models the tax-savings available through the use of tax-favored retirement accounts for bequests. Past research on tax-favored retirement accounts has focused on the incentives and effects of these accounts within the framework of the life-cycle model.
(cont.) However, tax-favored accounts also offer substantial tax savings for bequeathed assets. This chapter examines the incentives tax-favored accounts provide for bequests and simulates models of the available tax savings. The benchmark model calculates that the tax savings associated with a tax-deferred account (TDA) that is used to optimally bequeath assets exceeds the tax savings of a TDA used to produce a steady stream of retirement income by by 27.2%. Use of a Roth account for a bequest increases tax savings by an additional 32% over a bequeathed TDA. Chapter 3, joint work with Hui Shan, considers reverse mortgages as a method of financing retirement consumption. Housing wealth is the most important non-pension wealth component for many elderly homeowners in the United States. Reverse mortgages allow elderly homeowners to consume housing wealth without having to sell or move out of their homes. Though the U.S. reverse mortgage market has grown substantially, very few eligible homeowners use reverse mortgages to achieve consumption smoothing. This chapter examines all Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) loans originated between 1989 and 2007 and insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). It shows how characteristics of HECM loans and HECM borrowers have evolved over time, compares borrowers with non-borrowers, and analyzes loan outcomes using a hazard model.
(cont.) In addition, it conducts numerical simulations of HECM loans originated in 2007 to illustrate how the profitability of the FHA insurance program depends on factors such as termination rates, housing price appreciation, and the schedule of payments. This analysis serves as a starting point in understanding the implications of recent growth in the reverse mortgage market. Our results also suggest caution in predicting the profitability of the current HECM program.
by Tonja L. Bowen Bishop.
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Parker, Jonathan A. "Individual consumption and aggregate implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10836.
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Hino, Masashi. "Essays in Macroeconomics and Consumption." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1610043381935778.
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Lebedinsky, Alexander. "A Study of the Stochastic Behavior of Durable Goods Consumption." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/863.
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The author of this thesis examines the stochastic behavior of durables consumption in the rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis framework. The testing in this paper parallels the studies conducted by other researchers, who basing their work mainly on quarterly data rejected the frictionless rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis. The distinctive feature of this thesis is that the models are examined using monthly instead of quarterly data. The results of the estimation are compared to the results based on quarterly data. The results show that estimates obtained using monthly data seem to be more consistent with the frictionless rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis than the estimates from quarterly data. Then, by using two subsets of the monthly data representing the first and the last twelve years of a 37 year period, the models are reexamined to explore the possibility of change in the stochastic behavior of personal expenditures on durable goods over time. This results suggest a change in influence of liquidity constraints on the time series behavior of durable goods consumption over the last four decades.
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Simpson, Beth Michaela. "Environment, economics, and consumption, conflicting cultural models." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61175.pdf.
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Inkrott, Rebecca Hazard. "The effects of divorce and remarriage on adolescents : a path analysis /." Connect to resource, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244216182.
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Bartholomae, Suzanne. "Financial stress and coping resources : a comparative analysis of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics /." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1269371302.
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Bae, Mi Kyeong. "Analysis of household spending patterns /." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1258664748.
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Yuh, Yoonkyung. "Adequacy of preparation for retirement : mean and pessimistic case projections." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261322824.
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Öberg, Erik. "On Money and Consumption." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142164.
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Price Level Determination When Tax Payments Are Required in Money. We formalize the idea that the price level can be determined by a requirement that taxes be paid in money. We show that if households have to pay a money tax of a fixed real value and the money supply is constant, there is a unique stationary price level, and a continuum of non-stationary deflationary equilibria. The non-stationary equilibria can be excluded if we introduce an arbitrarily lax borrowing constraint. Thus, in the basic model, tax requirements can uniquely determine the price level. When money has liquidity value, tax requirements can exclude self-fulfilling hyperinflations. The New Keynesian Transmission Mechanism: A Heterogeneous-Agent Perspective. We argue that a two-agent version of the standard New Keynesian model - where a "worker'' receives only labor income and a "capitalist'' only profit income - offers insights about how income inequality affects the monetary transmission mechanism. Under rigid prices, monetary policy has no effect on output as workers choose not to change their hours worked in response to wage movements. In the corresponding representative-agent model, in contrast, hours do rise after a monetary policy loosening due to a wealth effect on labor supply: profits fall, thus reducing the representative worker's income. If wages are rigid too, however, the monetary transmission mechanism is active and resembles that in the corresponding representative-agent model. Consumption Dynamics under Time-varying Unemployment Risk. We argue that adjustment frictions for durable goods generate a powerful amplification channel from fluctuations in unemployment risk to aggregate consumption demand. First, we use survey data to document that durable expenditures react strongly to increased unemployment risk, while the effect on nondurable expenditures is indistinguishable from zero. Second, we propose and calibrate a buffer-stock savings model that includes adjustment frictions for durable goods. Although not targeted in the calibration, we find that the model reproduces the semi-elasticities of expenditures to unemployment risk estimated in the data. Using the model, we find that the inclusion of adjustment frictions raises the aggregate demand response of durable goods to fluctuations in perceived unemployment risk by approximately 200 percent. Moreover, upon experiencing an adverse risk shock, the responsiveness of aggregate demand for durable goods to the interest rate and transitory income shocks is dampened. Consumption Dynamics under Time-varying Unemployment Risk: Evidence from Time Series Data. We investigate the relationship between consumption expenditures and unemployment risk using aggregate time series data for the US and ten EU countries. As a proxy for perceived unemployment risk, we use data on households' subjective expectations over the future unemployment rate. First, we employ a single-equation framework to test whether subjective unemployment expectations predict aggregate consumption growth when controlling for predicted aggregate income growth. Second, we exploit the timing of the survey interviews in relation to the publication of official statistics to isolate exogenous innovations to unemployment expectations in a small-scale vector autoregression. For the US, both methods suggest that there is a large effect of unemployment risk on aggregate consumption. For the ten EU countries, the evidence is mixed.
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Dudas, Mary J. "Feminizing consumption : political agency and consumer society /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10709.
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Karras, Georgios. "International evidence on employment output and consumption effects of government spending." Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265131230.
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Chan, Hau-nung. "Consumption, taste and cultural capital : the case of Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1369411X.
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Copelman, Martina. "Essays on consumption, credit, and stabilization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11957.
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Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier. "Essays on exchange rates, and consumption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10830.
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Jacobson, Malcolm. "Foucaults subjekt som konsument : Foucaults subjektivering från konsumentens perspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31018.
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This essay investigates possible benefits of using Michel Foucault’s theories to understand how subjects constitute themselves as consumers. Foucault’s analysis of the neo-liberal notion of homo economicus, a subject of individual interest and an entrepreneur producing its own satisfaction, is discussed in relation to contemporary consumption. The essay departs from the hypothesis that Foucault’s diverse theory of subjectivation can bridge over opposing but equally limiting description of consuming subjects offered by Marxism and liberalism. Building on Foucault’s lectures on biopolitics and the ethics of the later Foucault, the possibility of liberation from dominance, offered from opposing positions by Marxism and liberalism, is challenged. From the perspective of Foucault, subjects are constituted in relations of power that always involve freedom, understood as the individual subject’s ability to participate in and influence these relations. Further, these relations are intertwined with games of truth, certain rationalities that are linked to institutions of power. This essay argues that the neo-liberal “truth” of consumer choice structure contemporary relations of power that are integrated parts of the subject, for good and worse. For the later Foucault’s ethics, as well as his critique, dispute the extent to which we are governed, and urge us to practice freedom.
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Smith, Mary Gale. "A conception of global home economics education." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29533.
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Living in an increasingly complex and interdependent world has prompted many educators to call for infusing or integrating a global perspective across the curriculum. Such action, to be ethically defensible, demands conceptual clarity and the exposure of theoretical underpinnings and basic values. Integrating a global perspective and home economics education is investigated through conceptual analysis and conception construction. The purpose of this study is to develop and defend a conception of global home economics education by exploring the following research questions: Is a global perspective implicit in the mission of home economics? Is global education implicit in home economics education? What are the places of citizenship education, education for cross-cultural understanding, consumer education, and environmental education in home economics education? What is global home economics education? And what justification or rationale can be offered for global home economics education? Findings indicate that a constructivist global perspective (Coombs, 1988a) is implicit in the mission of home economics (Brown & Paolucci, 1979), that a constructivist global education is implicit in the conception of home economics education developed by Brown (1980), and that the various educations can offer complementary approaches to global problems. A conception of global home economics education is proposed that is an expansion of existing work (Brown, 1980), and advocates the systematic integration of global education and home economics education, confirms the practical problem orientation recommended by Brown, and adopts the strategy of practical reasoning. Implications for curriculum development, teachers, teacher education, and schools are briefly explored with suggestions for further research.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Page, Benjamin R. "Consumption and saving across the life cycle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11739.
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Caballero, Ricardo J. "The stochastic behavior of consumption and savings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99793.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 1988.Includes bibliographical references.
Financial support provided by the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
by Ricard Jorge Caballero.
Ph.D.
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Hwang, Youngjin. "Essays on aggregate and individual consumption fluctuations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34503.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three essays on aggregate and individual consumption fluctuations. Chapter 1 develops a quantitative model to explore aggregate and individual consumption dynamics when the income process exhibits regime-switching features, and compares its performance with the conventional linear model. For this purpose, I consider an economy populated by a large number of consumers whose incomes are subject to both aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks. The notable element of the model is that a latent regime-switching stochastic variable governs both the trend growth of the aggregate component and the counter-cyclical variances of the idiosyncratic components in individual earnings. I demonstrate that the model can provide a reasonable description of the cyclical behavior of actual consumption fluctuations, and can successfully replicate some key empirical properties of aggregate consumption growth, such as smaller volatility than income growth, greater volatility in recessions than in expansions, and a negatively skewed and leptokurtic distribution, while the typical linear model fails to do so.
(cont.) The model highlights that the interaction between aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks, shifts in the cross-sectional distribution of individual consumers' optimal consumption decisions, and learning about the underlying business-cycle regime play a critical role in explaining aggregate consumption dynamics. In addition, comparison between individual and aggregate consumption and aggregation issues are addressed. Finally, I show that the regime-switching features, combined with heteroskedastic income risk, can account for more than 50% of aggregate consumption fluctuations, but less than 4% of individual consumption fluctuations. It is widely believed that utility maximization implies that expected consumption growth should be higher in recessions which are associated with higher income uncertainty because consumers with precautionary saving motives save more to tilt up their consumption path. Evidence in the literature, however, does not seem to support this prediction. Chapter 2 tries to reconcile these seemingly contradictory observations. First, noting that recessions are times of both higher income uncertainty and lower income growth, I perform comparative experiments to see each effect on expected consumption growth.
(cont.) Higher income uncertainty indeed increases expected consumption growth, while lower income growth does the opposite. Next, in a calibrated switching regime income process example, where recessions are associated with lower income growth and higher uncertainty, I show the net effect may well decrease, rather than increase, expected consumption growth. I then compare my results to the usual argument in the literature, based on approximations to the Euler equation. Chapter 3 develops econometric methods to estimate consumers' risk aversion and time discount rate parameters in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model set-up, using the simulated method of moments (SMM) technique. This approach, based on a numerical solution algorithm, offers several advantages over traditional methods, which directly estimate a (linearized) Euler equation. In particular, the model allows us to incorporate a possibly non-linear underlying income process and the selection of moment conditions into the estimation procedure. I also consider two extensions by (1) allowing for the parameters of the model to be state-dependent and (2) incorporating the agent's learning about the latent aggregate state.
by Youngjin Hwang.
Ph.D.
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Olivi, Alan(Alan Kevin). "Consumption heterogeneity in macroeconomics and public finance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122112.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three chapters on households' consumption. In the first chapter we study the canonical consumption-savings income-fluctuations problem with incomplete markets and show theoretically how to recover households' preferences and beliefs from their consumption and savings decisions. The main innovation is to show how to use the transitory component of income as an instrument that shifts current consumption without changing beliefs about future stochastic changes in consumption. As such, the transitory component of income, affects consumption growth through an intertemporal smoothing motive with no immediate effect on precautionary savings. With the precautionary motive neutralized, comparing changes in consumption and savings in response to temporary shocks allows us to identify the curvature of marginal utility: when savings respond more than consumption to transitory changes in income, the relative prudence is higher.
Additionally, the transitory component makes it possible to identify an effective discount rate, which in turns makes it possible to control the degree of households' impatience. The curvature of marginal utility and the effective discount rate are sufficient to understand how preferences restrict consumption choices through the Euler equation. To then recover beliefs, we assume that beliefs are independent of exogenous changes in assets. This gives us an additional instrument to identify beliefs since the belief system then has to be consistent with the implied savings patterns as assets vary. These two instruments allows us to non parametrically recover preferences and beliefs in a very general framework: we can accommodate multiple consumption items (both durable and non-durable), multiple assets (liquid and illiquid, risky or not), habits, endogenous labor supply and so on. The second chapter builds on the first.
We investigate empirically, in data from the PSID and the SIPP, how households' expectations deviate from rationality. Our estimation shows that households are overconfident and overoptimistic. The main source of overconfidence is that households underestimate the frequency of shocks and their optimism is driven by an underappreciation of negative shocks. However, these biases are not homogeneous in the population: they are amplified for lower income households while higher income households' perceptions are closer to rational expectations. These results explain not only the quantitative magnitude of undersaving and overreaction to income shocks, but also why higher income households accumulate disproportionately more wealth. We then explore how these beliefs affect the design of unemployment insurance and the transmission of countercyclical income risk to aggregate demand.
In the third chapter, written with Xavier Jaravel, we investigate how to design optimal income redistribution policies when the price of goods is depends on the size of the corresponding markets and different households consume different goods. We introduce Increasing Returns to Scale (IRS) and heterogeneous spending patterns (non-homothetic preferences) into the canonical tax problem of Mirrlees. In this environment, any change in tax policy induces a change in labor supply, hence a change in market size, which translates endogenously into a change in productivity; this productivity response affects consumer prices and sets off another round of labor supply changes, market size changes, productivity changes, further labor supply changes, and so on. We show theoretically how to characterize these general equilibrium effects and we quantify their importance for the optimal tax schedule.
The calibrated model matches empirical evidence on IRS as well as the tax schedule, earnings distribution and spending patterns observed in the United States. We establish three main results: (1) the optimal average tax rate is substantially lower on average, falling from about 45% under Constant Return to Scale (CRS) to about 35% with IRS (because IRS increase the efficiency cost of taxation); (2) with IRS and homothetic utility, optimal marginal tax rates are much less progressive than under CRS, and they become regressive above the 65th percentile of the income distribution (because IRS increase the efficiency cost of taxation relatively more for the rich); (3) with IRS and non-homothetic utility, optimal marginal tax rates become more progressive (intuitively, the planner internalizes that the productivity increase that could result from a tax break to the rich has low social value if the rich spend their marginal dollar on products that the poor do not consume much of).
These findings indicate the importance of endogenous productivity and non-homotheticities for optimal taxation.
by Alan Olivi.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics
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Jin, Fuchun. "Econometric studies of rational consumption decisions with liquidity constraints and stochastic labor income." Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1266068404.
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Berlowski, Teri. "An analysis of student perceptions of foods 1 course at a sampled midwest high school." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008berlowskit.pdf.
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Arifin, Ngah Hamsiah. "Perception of teacher trainees toward the home economics course in the teacher training colleges in Malaysia." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998arifinn.pdf.
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Clark, David John. "ISM band systems : power consumption, usability and economics." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3267/.
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This thesis describes research into a specific area of Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band applications that employ a central control panel to send broadcast information to the units in a system. One example of this is fire safety systems. The focus is on how battery life, reliability and usability of such a system may be improved through different mechanisms. The case study application is a system of radio controlled fire door holders. Following a review of the current literature and a look at the considerations of designing a wireless network, a comparison is made of two radio transceivers, each of which operates in a different frequency band. Testing is performed with both, and a choice made as to which to use in system implementations and further research. Results from the first system implementation quantify communications and circuitry improvements that increase battery life through improved receiver sensitivity and communications resilience. The second system implements a narrowband system, as well as improving unit displays for information output and system troubleshooting. Results from it show a further increase in receiver sensitivity and techniques developed to improve timing to reduce on-time, so reducing power consumption further. The third implementation employs frequency hopping techniques along with further advances in timing. Enhanced display manager techniques add to the usability of the system. Beyond this, more recent chip technology is used with algorithmic changes in small test units to assess how further improvements can be made in terms of battery life. A ten-fold improvement in battery life compared to the original implementation is shown to be possible when comparing the narrowband and wideband systems. Further improvements are described employing the latest chip technology.