Relevant bibliographies by topics / Context-sensitive rules

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Academic literature on the topic 'Context-sensitive rules'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Context-sensitive rules"

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Alayiaboozar, Elham. "Studying the possibility of improving the function of a POS tagger system." Comparative Linguistic Research 10, no. 19 (2020): 95–110. https://doi.org/10.22084/RJHLL.2019.16614.1834.

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The aim of the present study is to check the possibility of improving the function of a POS tagger system via POS tag disambiguation of some of Persian noun and adjective homographs ending in <-ی>. The case study in present research is HAZM.The POS tag disambiguation program is based on some context-sensitive rules. the mentioned rules were extracted from Bijan Khan corpus, Hazm was trained by Bijan Khan corpus. General evaluation of the mentioned POS disambiguation program indicates that if some of the context-sensitive rules which play a role in better POS tagging are added to HAZM, the general accuracy of HAZM rises to %95.691 which is considered %1.34 higher than the state of applying all rules. 
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Clymer, John R., David J. Cheng, and Daniel Hernandez. "Induction of decision making rules for context sensitive systems." SIMULATION 59, no. 3 (1992): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754979205900308.

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Barca, Laura, Andrew W. Ellis, and Cristina Burani. "Context-sensitive rules and word naming in Italian children." Reading and Writing 20, no. 5 (2006): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-006-9040-z.

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Ferroni, Marina, Beatriz Diuk, and Milagros Mena. "Acquisition of orthographic knowledge: orthographic representations and context sensitive rules." psicología desde el caribe 33, no. 3 (2016): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/psdc.33.3.6942.

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Ferroni, Marina, Beatriz Diuk, and Milagros Mena. "Acquisition of orthographic knowledge: orthographic representations and context sensitive rules." Psicología desde el Caribe 33, no. 3 (2016): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/psdc.33.3.9487.

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Choi, Hyunsoo, Aesun Yoon, and Hyukchul Kwon. "Improving Recall for Context-Sensitive Spelling Correction Rules Through Integrated Constraint Loosening Method." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 21, no. 6 (2015): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2015.21.6.412.

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J., Britto Dennis, Chindhya Baby U., and Sashikumar S. "FIREWALL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE USING SMART CONTEXT SENSITIVE METHOD." International Journal of Engineering Research and Modern Education (IJERME) 5, no. 1 (2020): 6–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3634357.

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Firewall is a system that secures a network, shielding it from access by unauthorized users. A firewall is designed using firewall policy; it dictates how the firewall should handle applications traffic such as web, email or telnet, it also explains how the firewall is to be managed and updated. Certain error in firewall policy either creates security holes or blocks legitimate traffic which in turn could lead to irreparable, therefore to design firewall policy is an important issue. A firewall policy is designed by using three phase: a design phase, a comparison phase, and a resolution phase. The technical challenge in the method is to discover the functional discrepancies between given firewall policy. Firewall has become an obligatory part of every organization for the prevention of attacker from the internet. Due to the invention of new protocols, services and threats on the internet, it is essential to update firewall polices frequently to block unneeded services and allow needed services. The new rule added to the existing policy has to be placed in the correct order, should avoid dependency problem and rule ambiguity. This increases the complexity of firewall, reduces the throughput of the network which results in poor performance. Rule based firewall optimization techniques produces optimal reordering rule set which is semantically equivalent to the original rule set and maintain the performance and the throughput of firewall. For enhancing the rule based optimization, intelligent feedback mechanism is used so that rules are optimized periodically to achieve efficient performance.
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HERMENS, RONNIE. "PLACING PROBABILITIES OF CONDITIONALS IN CONTEXT." Review of Symbolic Logic 7, no. 3 (2014): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020314000173.

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AbstractIn this paper I defend the tenability of the Thesis that the probability of a conditional equals the conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent. This is done by adopting the view that the interpretation of a conditional may differ from context to context. Several triviality results are (re-)evaluated in this view as providing natural constraints on probabilities for conditionals and admissible changes in the interpretation. The context-sensitive approach is also used to re-interpret some of the intuitive rules for conditionals and probabilities such as Bayes’ rule,Import-Export, and Modus Ponens. I will show that, contrary to consensus, the Thesis is in fact compatible with these re-interpreted rules.
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Quoc Le, Hai, Somjit Arch-int, and Ngamnij Arch-int. "Association Rule Hiding Based on Intersection Lattice." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/210405.

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Association rule hiding has been playing a vital role in sensitive knowledge preservation when sharing data between enterprises. The aim of association rule hiding is to remove sensitive association rules from the released database such that side effects are reduced as low as possible. This research proposes an efficient algorithm for hiding a specified set of sensitive association rules based on intersection lattice of frequent itemsets. In this research, we begin by analyzing the theory of the intersection lattice of frequent itemsets and the applicability of this theory into association rule hiding problem. We then formulate two heuristics in order to (a) specify the victim items based on the characteristics of the intersection lattice of frequent itemsets and (b) identify transactions for data sanitization based on the weight of transactions. Next, we propose a new algorithm for hiding a specific set of sensitive association rules with minimum side effects and low complexity. Finally, experiments were carried out to clarify the efficiency of the proposed approach. Our results showed that the proposed algorithm, AARHIL, achieved minimum side effects and CPU-Time when compared to current similar state of the art approaches in the context of hiding a specified set of sensitive association rules.
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Steenbeek-Planting, Esther G., Wim H. J. van Bon, and Robert Schreuder. "Instability of children's reading errors in bisyllabic words: The role of context-sensitive spelling rules." Learning and Instruction 26 (August 2013): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.01.004.

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Books on the topic "Context-sensitive rules"

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Stojnić, Una. Context and Coherence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865469.001.0001.

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Natural languages are riddled with context-sensitivity. One and the same string of words can express indefinitely many different meanings on an occasion of use. And yet we understand one another effortlessly, on the fly. What fixes the meaning of context-sensitive expressions, and how are we able to recover this meaning so quickly and without effort? This book offers a novel response: we can do so because we draw on a broad array of subtle linguistic conventions that fully determine the interpretation of context-sensitive items. Contrary to the dominant tradition, which maintains that the meaning of context-sensitive language is underspecified by grammar, and depends on non-linguistic features of utterance situation, this book argues that meaning is determined entirely by discourse conventions, rules of language that have largely been missed, and the effects of which have been mistaken for extra-linguistic effects of an utterance situation on meaning. The linguistic account of context developed in this book sheds a new light on the nature of linguistic content, and the interaction between content and context. At the same time, it provides a novel model of context that should constrain and help evaluate debates across many sub-fields of philosophy where appeal to context has been common, often leading to surprising conclusions: for example, in epistemology, ethics, value theory, metaphysics, metaethics, and logic, among others.
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Lassiter, Daniel. Implications for the epistemic auxiliaries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701347.003.0006.

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The semantics of the adjectives places strong constraints on theories of the better-studied epistemic auxiliaries. This chapter motivates some basic connections – for instance, must asymmetrically entails likely; likely asymmetrically entails might and possible; and certain asymmetrically entails must (modulo the evidential presupposition of the latter). In addition, I present a lottery experiment showing that might has a context-sensitive meaning that is stronger than possible’s. These connections suffice to rule out the classical treatment from modal logic, as revived recently by von Fintel & Gillies (2010). It also rules out Kratzer’s (1991) theory. The probabilistic theory of Swanson (2006); Lassiter (2011, 2016) satisfies our desiderata, though, as does Swanson’s (2015) blend of the scalar semantics with Kratzer’s account. Both have access to a plausible formalization of must’s evidential component, but the latter has additional interesting features – both strengths and weaknesses – involving dualities and the treatment of so-called “epistemic ought”.
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Jacobsson, Katarina, and Jaber Gubrium, eds. Doing Human Service Ethnography. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47674/9781447355809.

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EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Human service work is performed in many places – hospitals, shelters, households – and is characterised by a complex mixture of organising principles, relations and rules. Using ethnographic methods, researchers can investigate these site-specific complexities, providing multi-dimensional and compelling analyses. Bringing together both theoretical and practical material, this book shows researchers how ethnography can be carried out within human service settings. It provides an invaluable guide on how to apply ethnographic creativeness and offers a more humanistic and context-sensitive approach in the field of health and social care to generating valid knowledge about today’s service work.
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Moss, Sarah. Indicative conditionals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792154.003.0004.

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This chapter defends a probabilistic semantics for indicative conditionals and other logical operators. This semantics is motivated in part by the observation that indicative conditionals are context sensitive, and that there are contexts in which the probability of a conditional does not match the conditional probability of its consequent given its antecedent. For example, there are contexts in which you believe the content of ‘it is probable that if Jill jumps from this building, she will die’ without having high conditional credence that Jill will die if she jumps. This observation is at odds with many existing non-truth-conditional semantic theories of conditionals, whereas it is explained by the semantics for conditionals defended in this chapter. The chapter concludes by diagnosing several apparent counterexamples to classically valid inference rules embedding epistemic vocabulary.
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King, Jeffrey C. Felicitous Underspecification. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857057.001.0001.

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Felicitous uses of contextually sensitive expressions generally have unique semantic values in context. For example, a felicitous use of the singular pronoun ‘she’ generally has a single female as its unique semantic value in context. In the present work, it is argued that contextually sensitive expressions have felicitous uses where they lack unique semantic values in context. The author calls such uses instances of felicitous underspecification. In these uses, the underspecified expression is associated with a range of candidate semantic values in context. A rule is provided for updating the Stalnakerian common ground when sentences containing felicitous underspecified expressions are uttered and accepted in a conversation. The author also gives an account of the mechanism that associates the range of candidate semantic values in context with an underspecified expression. Sentences containing felicitous underspecified expressions can be embedded in various constructions. The author considers the result of embedding such sentences under negation and verbs of propositional attitude. He also examines the question of why some uses of underspecified expressions are felicitous and others aren’t. This investigation yields the notion of a context being appropriate for a sentence (LF), where a context is appropriate for a sentence containing an underspecified expression if the sentence is felicitous in that context. Finally, some difficulties are covered that arise in virtue of the fact that pronouns and demonstratives have some sorts of implications of uniqueness that clash with their being underspecified.
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Kelemen, R. Daniel. The Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795582.003.0010.

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This chapter focuses on the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Like any court, the ECJ has faced constraints in its external context, including constraints imposed by national governments and national courts. But overall, the ECJ has benefitted from a remarkably benign external environment. The ECJ has found much support from key actors including national governments, national courts, and members of the European legal field. In recent years the ECJ faces contextual challenges in its relationship with member governments, national courts, and the European legal field. New member governments with fragile democracies and questionable commitments to the rule of law may increasingly test the extent to which they can defy or evade EU law without incurring a robust response. Moreover, the growth and diversification of the European legal field and the encroachment of EU law on increasingly sensitive policy areas is likely to provoke more intense criticism of the Court.
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Book chapters on the topic "Context-sensitive rules"

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Hezart, Armin, Abhaya Nayak, and Mehmet Orgun. "Towards Context Sensitive Defeasible Rules." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88833-8_11.

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Lesaint, David, Deepak Mehta, Barry O’Sullivan, Luis Quesada, and Nic Wilson. "Context-Sensitive Call Control Using Constraints and Rules." In Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – CP 2010. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15396-9_46.

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de Souza Amorim, Luís Eduardo, and Eelco Visser. "Multi-purpose Syntax Definition with SDF3." In Software Engineering and Formal Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58768-0_1.

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Abstract SDF3 is a syntax definition formalism that extends plain context-free grammars with features such as constructor declarations, declarative disambiguation rules, character-level grammars, permissive syntax, layout constraints, formatting templates, placeholder syntax, and modular composition. These features support the multi-purpose interpretation of syntax definitions, including derivation of type schemas for abstract syntax tree representations, scannerless generalized parsing of the full class of context-free grammars, error recovery, layout-sensitive parsing, parenthesization and formatting, and syntactic completion. This paper gives a high level overview of SDF3 by means of examples and provides a guide to the literature for further details.
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Collective, COMPOST. "2. Moral Theories." In Bioethics. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0449.02.

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This chapter introduces four moral theories—utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and care ethics. Rather than prescribing a one-size-fits-all approach, the chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding these theories as tools that illuminate different aspects of morality. Utilitarianism focuses on outcomes and maximizing well-being but struggles with measuring suffering and justifying harm to minorities. Deontology, grounded in duty and rational principles, values intention and respect for persons but can lead to rigid or counterintuitive conclusions. Virtue ethics centers on character and moral development through habituation and context-sensitive judgment, offering a richer picture of morality but raising questions about cultural differences and applicability to specific dilemmas. Care ethics, emerging from feminist critiques, prioritizes relationality, vulnerability, and responsiveness to others’ needs, expanding ethical reflection beyond abstract rules to include lived experiences and interdependence.
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Chassang, Gauthier, Michael Hisbergues, and Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag. "Research Biobanking, Personal Data Protection and Implementation of the GDPR in France." In GDPR and Biobanking. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_14.

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AbstractSince 1978 and the initial French data protection law (Loi n°78-17 du 6 Janvier 1978), consecutive modifications regarding the protection of personal health data, especially in 2004, 2016 and 2018, set up a strict legal regime for processing sensitive personal data, including for research purposes. In recent years, French law has evolved proactively and in parallel with the work of the European Union (EU) on the preparation of what became the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which has been in force since May 2018. This Chapter performs a state-of-art analysis (as of 1 July 2019) of the French legal framework for research biobanks and data protection rules applying to biobanking, in particular those related to data subjects’ rights and Article 89 of the GDPR. Firstly, it provides updated information about the national landscape of active research biobanks in France (Sect. 1). Secondly, it explores how the French law embodies the developments brought by the GDPR and how it envisages individuals’ rights in the context of research biobanking (Sects. 2 and 3). Thirdly, this Chapter analyses existing and potential national exemptions to individuals’ rights, including with regard to Article 89 GDPR, and how France conceives of processing activities of ‘public interest’ (Sect. 4). Finally, the authors address ongoing debates around bioethics law in France and argue for the creation of a specific Act focused on biobanking as a means of integrating, clarifying and developing not only data protection rules but also other activities related to samples, human or not, in a unique, operational and compact act (Sect. 5).
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Lorenz, Astrid, Lisa H. Anders, Dietmar Müller, and Jan Němec. "Context-Sensitive Mapping of Rule of Law Narratives. Sources and Methods." In The Future of Europe. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66332-1_4.

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AbstractThis chapter describes the methodological approach of the study “Narrating the Rule of Law”, specifically how we combine deductive and inductive research strategies to map rule of law narratives in a way that is sensitive to the context while aiming to keep findings comparable. As described in this chapter, we analysed debates with direct mentions of the term ‘rule of law’ or its semantic equivalents. We additionally covered debates on key legislation related to the rule of law in order to take into account that the rule of law may be associated with different things in different contexts and that parliamentarians may also talk about the rule of law and related issues without explicitly using the term. After presenting the sources, we explain how we reconstructed the rule of law narratives employing qualitative content analysis. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of our methodological approach and discuss what conclusions can be drawn from our empirical findings.
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Van Woensel, William, Patrice C. Roy, and Syed Sibte Raza Abidi. "SmartRL: A Context-Sensitive, Ontology-Based Rule Language for Assisted Living in Smart Environments." In Rule Technologies. Research, Tools, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42019-6_22.

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Kovacs, Anita. "Citizenship against democracy? Consequences of un-muting Hungarians beyond the borders on the EU’s rule of law crisis." In Standing Up for the Voiceless? Presses universitaires Saint-Louis Bruxelles, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4000/147uv.

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In the context of the EU’s rule of law crisis, peripherical situations which barely fall within the scope of EU law despite their EU-sensitive impact cast a new light on the limits of EU action vis-à-vis Member State discretion. This discretion amounts to abuse in the case of the Hungarian electorate being shaped in a way to consolidate Fidesz’s power through the un-muting of “Hungarians beyond the borders”. According to Hungarian law, all Hungarians living in neighbouring states are entitled to preferential naturalisation without any requirement of residency in Hungary or proof of Hungarian descent, which entails the automatic granting of EU citizenship and its associated rights, creating circumstances comparable to those in the Maltese golden passport cases. Moreover, statistical analysis based on available data demonstrates that granting voting rights to “Hungarians beyond the borders” has influenced national election results in a favourable manner to Fidesz in the past decade and a half, leading to an even greater distortion of democratic representativeness. In addition, all travel, educational and cultural benefits that only “Hungarians beyond the borders” enjoy by law raise several discrimination concerns. Since this preferential regime is predominantly rooted in prerogatives reserved for Member States, the EU is left with very little room for action within the relevant fields of citizenship, democracy, fundamental rights or economic freedoms.
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Caro-González, A., A. Serra, X. Albala, et al. "The Three MuskEUteers." In Contributions to Management Science. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11065-8_1.

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AbstractUnder the inspiring and aspiring title: Paving the way for pushing and pursuing a “one for all, all for one” triple transition: social, green, and digital: The Three MuskEUteers, a group of remarkable co-authors and contributors have developed radically new forward-looking visions, principles, approaches, and action recommendations for an attuned indivisible social, green, and digital transition.The triple transition is aimed at helping humanity gather around a life-sustaining purpose, as opposed to life-destroying one in terms of wars of all kinds (military, economic, political, etc.); nature decay and wreckage (carbon footprint, plastic pollution, soil poisoning, etc.); human alienation (favelas, homeless persons, refugee camps, child malnutrition, poverty, exclusion of any kind); and geographic imbalances with empty rural spaces and overcrowded megacities (creating difficult access of rural and/or remote population to care, health, and other essential services; difficulty of urban population to contact with natural environments).The work highlights the urgent need to speed up a third social transition (Within this social transition dimension we understand the socio-cultural scope as any social shift implies a cultural transition and vice versa, with its very deep implications.), in addition to the green and digital transitions more widely recognised by the international community. Innovation, or a European industry-led twin transition aiming for climate neutrality and digital leadership, cannot be supported without a firm, responsive, responsible social and environmental engagement. Neither is it possible to tackle a JUST triple transition which is not firmly rooted in worthwhile human development, underpinned by the Sustainable Development Goals. And none of these transitions can go separately and/or isolated; they all need to intertwine around the notion of (more, firmer, and determined) just transition.European society is presented as a huge “co-laboratory” for this “all for one, one for all” boundaryless triple transition to respond to the urgent radical changes demanded by humanity and by the planet. The chapter proposes a radically new vision to pursue a non-explored transformative way to ideate, design, develop, and deliver science, innovation, and collaboration through experimentation and learning, and throughout multi-stakeholder engagement from the n-helix spectrum. It proposes systemic innovation tactics for the “how” (green, techno-digital), for the strategic “what” (green, social), for the purposeful “why” (green, social), and for the operational “how best” (green, social, techno-digital) within the governing principles of eco-centric society. This encompasses: Courageous goal-aligned alternatives, as a shift to new (yet ancient) principles of eco-centric rather than ego-centric behaviour. The adoption of a “complex system mind-set” to build up dynamic, context-sensitive, and holistic approaches to co-design mission and purpose-driven actions, outcomes, outputs, and no-harm impacts. The ignition of the transformative capacity of all forms of collaboration (international, interdisciplinary, intersectoral, intergenerational, inter-institutional, inter-genders) vs hierarchy as alternative governance and distribution models to overcome the unjust and unsustainable biased status quo within evolving, adaptable, flexible, and transformational n-helix ecosystems. The Three MuskEUteers, deeply anchored in European values (human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, and human rights), will pave the way and drive humanity towards the achievement of the ambitious, but achievable, targets of the United Nations 2030 Global Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals.Europe can be the initiator of co-laboratory experiments where social change drives the “all for one, one for all” dream into transforming this three-prong transition into possible real good ecosystems working.
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Sánchez, Javier Ruiz, and María José Martínez Sánchez. "Sensitive Bodies in the Cityscape." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3637-6.ch011.

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Cities evolve to just possible, always uncertain urban futures, achieving complexity so this complexity becomes itself the best tool to face uncertainty. The main operation in urban systems evolution is difference, the establishment of traces indicating differences, differences themselves consisting of increasingly more complex systems of rules, like a game board. Differences operate both in space and time, conforming to a cultural landscape, a cityscape. It is in this context where the authors present the concept of sensitive bodies. Urban spaces highly internalise processes due to a collective memory of past events, whose complexity can be read through both a hermeneutical approach to form and a sensitive approach to topology, the underlying system of rules that can be read just by playing the game, using techniques borrowed out of performing arts, making bodies interact with living bodies whose behaviour is just the main component of the cityscape.
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Conference papers on the topic "Context-sensitive rules"

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Zesch, Torsten, and Oren Melamud. "Automatic Generation of Challenging Distractors Using Context-Sensitive Inference Rules." In Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-1817.

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Harrison, Alissa M., Wing Yiu Lau, Helen M. Meng, and Lan Wang. "Improving mispronunciation detection and diagnosis of learners' speech with context-sensitive phonological rules based on language transfer." In Interspeech 2008. ISCA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-471.

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Mancini, Felice, Daniel Grande, and Pradeep Radhakrishnan. "An Automated Virtual Lab for Bond Graph Based Dynamics Modeling Using Graph Grammars and Tree Search." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66110.

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This paper explores the concept of an automated virtual lab in the area of system design and analysis. The project combines different research activities in automated design analysis using the graph grammar and tree search methods. In particular, a graph grammar rule-based system to automatically generate bond graphs for various systems is developed. This is combined with similar grammar based rules and search algorithms to provide automation as well as context sensitive feedback to users of the virtual lab. Examples will be demonstrated to showcase the potential as well as how the virtual lab can be scaled using appropriate learning algorithms towards personalizing education.
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Bobes-Bascarán, José, Ángel Fernández-Leal, E. Mosqueira-Rey, David Alonso Ríos, Elena Hernández-Pereira, and Vicente Moret-Bonillo. "Understanding Machine Learning Explainability Models in the context of Pancreatic Cancer Treatment." In Congreso XoveTIC: impulsando el talento científico (6º. 2023. A Coruña). Servizo de Publicacions. Universidade da Coruña, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000024.28.

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The increasing adoption of artificial intelligent systems at sensitive domains where humans are particularly, such as medicine, has provided the context to deeply explore ways of making machine learning models (ML) understandable for their final users. The success of such systems require the trust of their users, and thus there is a need to design and provide methods to understand the decisions made by such systems. We start from a public Pancreatic Cancer dataset and experiment with different ML models on a diagnosis scenario with the goal to decide whether a patient should be prescribed with a chemotherapy treatment. To validate the diagnosis results we explore different explainability approaches: Decision Tree, Random Forest, and model agnostic ad-hoc models, and compare them against a standard Pancreatic Cancer treatment set of rules. The increasing adoption of artificial intelligent systems at sensitive domains where humans are particularly, such as medicine, has provided the context to deeply explore ways of making machine learning models (ML) understandable for their final users. The success of such systems require the trust of their users, and thus there is a need to design and provide methods to understand the decisions made by such systems. We start from a public Pancreatic Cancer dataset and experiment with different ML models. To validate the diagnostic results we explore different explainability approaches: Decision Tree based approach, Random Forest based approach, and different model agnostic ad-hoc approaches, and we compare them against a standard Pancreatic Cancer treatment set of rules
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Castelnovo, Alessandro. "Extending Decision Tree to Handle Multiple Fairness Criteria." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/822.

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The demand for machine learning systems that can provide both transparency and fairness is constantly growing. Since the concept of fairness depends on the context, studies in the literature have proposed various formalisation and mitigation strategies. In this work, we propose a novel, flexible, discrimination-aware classifier that allows the user to: (i) select and mitigate the desired fairness criterion from a set of available options; (ii) implement more than one fairness criterion; (iii) handle more than one sensitive attribute; and (iv) specify the desired level of fairness to meet specific business needs or regulatory requirements. Our approach is based on an optimised extension to the decision-tree classifier, and aims to provide transparent and fair rules to the final users.
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Yang, Xiaopeng, Xiaowen Lin, Shunda Suo, and Ming Li. "Generating Thematic Chinese Poetry using Conditional Variational Autoencoders with Hybrid Decoders." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/631.

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Computer poetry generation is our first step towards computer writing. Writing must have a theme. The current approaches of using sequence-to-sequence models with attention often produce non-thematic poems. We present a novel conditional variational autoencoder with a hybrid decoder adding the deconvolutional neural networks to the general recurrent neural networks to fully learn topic information via latent variables. This approach significantly improves the relevance of the generated poems by representing each line of the poem not only in a context-sensitive manner but also in a holistic way that is highly related to the given keyword and the learned topic. A proposed augmented word2vec model further improves the rhythm and symmetry. Tests show that the generated poems by our approach are mostly satisfying with regulated rules and consistent themes, and 73.42% of them receive an Overall score no less than 3 (the highest score is 5).
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Chirila, Ciprianbogdan. "REUSE MODELS FOR GENERATIVE E-LEARNING CONTENT DEDICATED TO COMPUTER SCIENCE DISCIPLINES." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-179.

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Nowadays the e-learning domain has different development directions. Learning management systems (LMS) tend to integrate standardized content like: Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), Aviation Industry Computer Based Training Committee(AICC), etc. In products like Storyline 2 and Studio'13 the focus is set on the development of content based on slides. They start from Microsoft PowerPoint slides and enhance it with several facilities like: narrations, annotations, motion paths, screen recordings, videos, iterations, conditional interactions, simulations, language support. Another focus of these products is set on content publishing to various platforms like iPads, Android tablets etc. The Captivate e-learning content authoring tool contains facilities like: to create content for iPads and tablets with responsive design, storyboards based on slides, multiple choice templates, text, image and video galleries, sync with the cloud, e-mailing facilities of the just created story boards, the content is expressed as a Flash clips and HTML5 web pages played on most of the browsers. xAPI is a flexible specification allowing to track informal learning, social learning and real world experiences. The recording format is a very generic one in the form of actor, verb and object memorized in a learning record store (LRS). SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model) is a set of standards for e-learning software in order to increase integration of e-learning content. Generative learning objects (GLO) are reusable pedagogical templates to be filled with content obtained in several ways. One efficient way for e-learning content generation is to use meta-programming on generative models. In this paper we present several generative models to be reused in authoring computer science (CS) e-learning content. The first model we propose is a CS text problem composer embedding features like: composition rules for generating learning objects, linked lists problems generation, modelling problems being built around the composition concept. A second model is a code refactorer based on several refactoring rules like: changing variable names, changing code indentations, changing loop instructions etc in order to be used by first year students to recognize different algorithms. A third model is a code tamperer based on several code tempering rules used to affect the sensitive sections, operators, variables, etc of an algorithm where students will have to identify the inserted faults. In this model we include a source code block randomizer component based on abstract syntax tree (AST) subtree swaps and other rules. A source code line randomizer can be included in the same context based on swapping sensitive lines in an algorithm selected manually or automatically. A fourth model is demonstrator based on several concepts like: to give as input an algorithm, to give as output the visualization of the data structure changes during the algorithm run.
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Rabrenović, Aleksandra. "Public service and human resources management standards in 2023 Principles of public administration – something old and something new?" In nternational scientific thematic conference From national sovereignty to negotiation sovereignty "Days of Law Rolando Quadri", Belgrade, 14 June 2024. Institute of Comparative Law : University "Niccolò Cusano", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_24.fnstns.15.

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The objective of the paper is to examine what are the key novelties in the SIGMA/ OECD Human Resources Management (HRM) standards set out in the 2023 edition of the Principles of Public Administration. The public administration reform values contained in the revised version of the Principles have become new benchmarks against which the progress in public administration reform will be measured in the EU acceding countries. The author concludes that a new edition of the Principles of Public Administration from 2023 imposes fewer rules while requiring better practices and results in the analysed areas of public service and HRM, taking into account emerging social context changes (i.e. digitalisation, need for more flexibility in working arrangements etc.) which is a welcome development. The Principles also demonstrate a gradual change of the requirements of the EU for accession to potential member states in the field of public administration, from "check-box" approach towards assessing the effects of the reform in practice. The question, however, remains to which extent the new version of the Principles will be able to exert pressure on public administration reform efforts in the acceding countries, especially in politically sensitive areas such as civil service politicisation. The author concludes that this will largely depend on the EU’s decision on “what matters most” in the accession process and the ability of the acceding countries to apply and internalize key Principles’ values, such as professionalism, integrity and neutrality.
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Zhang Kejia and Li Chunsheng. "Structure design about fuzzy rule based on context sensitive constraint." In 2014 9th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse.2014.6926517.

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Portzgen, Niels, Xavier Deleye, Vincent Gaffard, Jan van der Ent, and Jasper Schouten. "IWEX: New Horizons for Pipeline Girth-Weld AUT Inspection." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33203.

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AUT inspections of pipeline girth-welds are increasingly performed in the context of strain or fatigue sensitive applications (such as arctic, deepwater or ultra deepwater applications) with increased O&G companies’ requirements in terms of reliability, sensitivity and accuracy. Commonly used ultrasonic girth weld solutions (based on the Zone Discrimination Technique) exhibits some weaknesses and limitations. The performance of the inspection (probability of detection “PoD” and sizing accuracy) strongly depends on geometric and metallurgical properties such as: - wall thickness variations, - UT probes positioning (as a result of band and scanner positioning), - surface conditions, - flaw type and orientation - pipe to pipe alignment - Geometry information (cap and root profiles) cannot effectively be extracted from AUT scans and defects interaction rules are very difficult to apply. To reach a high confidence level in AUT inspection PoD and sizing accuracy, extensive and time consuming qualification programs as well as project specific qualification tests are carried out. By way of consequence, from an operating O&G Company point of view, there is a strong interest to promote the development of new inspection methods with lower sensitivity to equipment settings and less operator dependency and possibly reduced qualification requirements. Inverse Wave Field Extrapolation (IWEX) is an image reconstruction process from UT propagated waves that, until now, was mainly used in seismic exploration. Recently, APPLUS RTD has pushed forward the technology to make it applicable to pipeline girth-weld inspection not only for onshore applications but also for an offshore lay barge context (e.g. with high productivity requirements). In this paper, the weaknesses of the zone discrimination technique are first described and the areas where IWEX should bring improvements are highlighted. The IWEX technology is then described and an IWEX technology qualification route, matching both expectations of an AUT solutions provider and an O&G Operating company, is proposed. The results of the qualification tests performed so far (including tests on defective welds) are detailed and the technology readiness level is discussed. Recommendations for next qualification and operational steps are given.
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Reports on the topic "Context-sensitive rules"

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Appleyard, Bruce, Anurag Pande, Joseph Gibbons, et al. Right Turn on Red: Energy-Saving Measure or Unsafe Maneuver? Mineta Transportation Institute, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2347.

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There is a growing interest in prohibiting right turn on red (RTOR) policies in the name of pedestrian and bicycle safety but there is not enough research on the subject to help agencies make informed decisions. When Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, they included a provision requiring states to permit right turns on red lights as an energy-saving measure to receive federal assistance for mandated conservation programs. Since 1980, all states have permitted right turns on red as a general rule. More research is needed to help guide state policies that can support jurisdictions in making more informed and context-sensitive decisions. This research examines the infrastructure design and built environment-related factors associated with RTOR collisions—particularly those involving pedestrians and bicyclists. We also looked at emissions issues for RTOR maneuvers. Our findings reveal that RTOR movements are generally unsafe for pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers, while only marginally useful in lowering emissions and only under certain contexts. Those marginal benefits may further decline with increased electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Despite RTOR crashes being a small portion of collisions and fatalities at signalized intersections, they tend to be more severe for vulnerable road users (e.g., bicyclists and pedestrians). Additionally, given the rise of SUVs/pickups in the U.S. personal automobile fleet—which tend to cause more severe collisions—RTOR prohibition is a proactive safety strategy consistent with the internationally recognized and USDOT-adopted Safe Systems approach. We recommend that state policy should make it easier for California communities to prohibit RTOR movements. We also recognize that banning or permitting RTOR movements should acknowledge the specific contexts of the communities (their place types), which could unduly burden cities that want to allow or prohibit RTOR at a vast number of their intersections in terms of signage. Informed decisions about RTOR policies can improve road safety for all.
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