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1
Dobson, Murray J. "Contextual aspects of other animal stress cues in avoidance acquisition." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6173.
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Fear or stress cues are considered to be important in evolutionary survival. Hence, such cues are likely to be important and powerful in inter-animal interactions. In aversive situations animals should be maximally attuned to cues providing information about the safety or danger of various elements of their environment. The present series of experiments with albino rats studies the inhibitory effect on avoidance acquisition of the presence of a stressed (shocked) model animal in the safe chamber of a hurdle-jumping apparatus.
Three main theories are considered: (a) that because the model receives inescapable shock, a process of vicarious instigation of helplessness leads to inhibition of avoidance acquisition;
(b) that increased arousal produced by the shocking of a model adds to the already high arousal of the subject, leading to decreased performance; and (c) that situational cues provided by the stressed model modify the perception by the test animal of the safety or danger of environmental elements.
The results of the experiments support neither the vicariously instigated helplessness nor the increased arousal hypotheses. Rather the subject appears to be using situational cues provided by the stressed model within the context of the safe/dangerous environment. Further, evidence that the inhibitory effect occurs, though not as strongly, when the model is shocked in a third chamber in line with the safe chamber in a one-way avoidance task and also in two-way shuttle avoidance suggests that the nature of the situational information comes from directional rather than place cues. The results are discussed in terms of cognitive theories of avoidance.
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Boyd, Margaret E. Moffett. "Contextual aspects influencing mothers' placement considerations for their children with autism." Diss., NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/6.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Occupational Therapy Department, College of Health Care Sciences, Nova Southeastern University."
Abstract Background: In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognized autism as an urgent public health concern understanding families would need supports services at many levels. Parents are the most prominent caregivers of children with disabilities and inadequacy of support services often influences the placement outside of the home. Federal mandates require that states actively avoid placements based on costs, community connections, and least restrictive environments; however, unsustainable family life potentially leads to undesired placements. Mothers with maternal stress raising children with severe autism with behavioral responses at home are at severe risk for social and economic marginalization (Lucenko, Mancuso, & Janssen-Timmen, 2008; Nankervis et al., 2012; Peacock et al., 2012). Placement and respite options are insufficient to meet the current needs for crisis intervention and long-term care, and community health funding has been inconsistent across the states. Literature review: Interdisciplinary and interprofessional literature on placement considerations, autism, and state, national, and global policy documents such as the World Health Organization was searched. Unique to this study was its inclusion of Sen's (1999) development economics capabilities approach in addition to Law et al.'s (1996) occupational therapy model of practice for its congruence with occupational therapy, its support of freedom and choice, and self-determinacy as a necessity for agency or occupational performance. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach to gain untapped insights into the occupations and environments influencing mothers' placement considerations. Phenomenology is useful when a deeper understanding is necessary, or to identify a vulnerable group, to shape services, or to develop or revise policies when a change is needed. Results: Data analysis produced six themes (a) feeling judged in their occupational roles as mothers; (b) restricted freedoms and occupational deprivations as a family; (c) the paradox of support services; (d) fears about their families' well-being; (e) occupational injustices revealed through mothers' feelings about placement considerations; and (f) spiritual aspects of childhood placement considerations. Discussion: The mothers' composite themes were discussed in relation to historical and evolving mental health attitudes, practices and policies, the evolving national health insurance policy, and the economy. The influence of contemporary culture on the mothers placement considerations were discussed in regard to Internet and e-health technologies and new ways of knowing, communicating, and decision-making with public health implications. Conclusion: Professional implications for research, practice, and justice issues are discussed.
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Farnsworth, Elizabeth Brooks. "Reflexive conversations with bereaved mothers: a feminist and contextual perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39132.
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In this study, the experiences and perspectives of 10 bereaved mothers were investigated. The research was guided by a feminist and contextual perspective. A contextual theory of stress supports an examination of the perspectives of individuals in families regarding the impact of stressful circumstances. Individuals are assumed to be both active and responsive to the social system which includes individual, dyadic, familial, social, community, and cultural levels of analysis. A feminist perspective emphasizes reflexivity, collaboration, emotionality, and accessibility in the process of research and focuses attention to broader cultural ideologies which influence the lives of individuals. Women's lives carry with them the assumption of motherhood and the protection of children. When a young child dies, mothers find themselves in a marginalized social categoryPh. D.
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Groat, Linda N. "Psychological aspects of contextual compatibility in architecture : a study of environmental meaning." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847475/.
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The intent of this study is to investigate contextual compatibility in architecture from a psychological perspective. More specifically, the study examines contextual compatibility as an aspect of environmental meaning. Within the framework of this research, the term contextual compatibility is defined as the degree of fit between a new infill building and the immediately adjacent buildings within an urban or campus setting. As such, contextual compatibility is clearly a very specific and narrowly defined phenomenon: yet it nevertheless represents one of the most publicly debated and architecturaly significant manifestations of environmental meaning. For example, the emergence of increasing numbers of design review commissions, the often vociferous public debates on the appropriateness of particular design proposals, and the increasing willingness of architects to employ non-Modernist vocabularies all suggest the importance of contextual compatibility in people's experience of architecture. Because this study represents one of the first empirical investigations of contextual compatibility at the architectural scale, the research is focused on three of the most fundamental aspects of the topics: 1) what meaning does contextual compatibility have for people? 2) what kind of contextual design strategies are most consistently preferred? and 3) what types of physical features are most commonly seen as contributing to or detracting from contextual compatibility? In addition, a further goal of the research is to offer an account of the psychological processes that are implicit in these questions. These questions are considered in the light of three major sets of literatures 1) general discussions of environmental cognition and meaning in the psychological literature, 2) specific substantive research studies on contextual compatibility, primarily drawn from the environmental psychology literature, and 3) critical and theoretical analyses of design strategies for contextual fit, drawn from the architectural literature.
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Olander, Ellinor Kerstin. "The effectiveness of contextual cues in encouraging stair use." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1014/.
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Stair climbing is an ideal activity to promote in worksites due to its availability and associated health benefits. To date findings are equivocal regarding stair climbing intervention success in this setting, thus more research is needed. Chapter two of this thesis confirmed that a calorific expenditure message can increase stair climbing in a train station. Based on this finding, chapter three implemented a point-of-choice intervention using a longer calorific expenditure message in four buildings and successfully increased stair climbing. The inability to translate intervention success on public access staircases to the worksite setting is likely to be due the random availability of the lift. Consequently, chapter four examined the effect of lift availability on stair use, concluding that reduced lift availability increases stair use. Lift availability can rarely be modified however, so chapter five assessed whether a point-of-choice intervention using an aspirational climb Mt. Everest message can increase stair climbing. Whilst no increase in stair climbing was recorded during this intervention, the same calorific expenditure message as used in chapter three increased stair climbing in the same building. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of point-of-choice prompts using calorific expenditure messages in increasing stair climbing in the worksite setting.
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Yaacob, Mashitoh. "The Influence of Contextual Aspects on New Zealand Muslim Males' Environmentally Ethical Behaviour." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2556.
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This study's aim was to investigate the strength of contextual aspects' influences on environmentally ethical behaviour (EEB). A survey method with a selfadministered questionnaire was used and a cross-section of the Muslim male population of New Zealand was taken. The qualitative interviews and email questionnaires were also utilised to further explain the survey results. The linear regression analyses show correlations between contextual aspects (i.e., social, religious, economic, political, and demographic) and EEB (pre-cycling, re-use and recycling). Results indicate that the contextual aspects are influential on EEB in many ways and degrees. A model describing the relationship was developed. The economic aspect statistically significantly related to EEB the strongest. The qualitative interview and email questionnaire data support the findings of the survey. The relationship was positive, meaning that the more the consumers were influenced by the economic aspect to behave in an environmentally ethical way, the more they were likely to perform EEB. Compared to the economic aspect, white collar workers, number of household occupant, work involvement with the environment, type of house, and age had a weaker statistically significant relationship with EEB. The relationships were positive, meaning that the better the consumers' occupation (i.e., white collar workers), the more household member they had (i.e., 4 and above), the higher their level of work involvement with the environment, and the better their dwelling (i.e., bungalow or semi-detached houses), the more they were likely to perform EEB. However, the relationship between age and EEB was negative, meaning that the younger the consumers the more they were likely to perform EEB. However, the results of this study, from both the survey and the interview methods, indicate that demographic characteristics were not as important as the contextual aspects, particularly the economic aspect, in understanding consumers' EEB. This study shows that the economic aspect was very important in understanding consumers' EEB compared to the other contextual aspects even the political aspect was statistically significantly related to EEB via the economic aspect. Thus, the economic aspect should be used optimally by public and private sector managers to promote EEB.
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Ibhakewanlan, John-Okoria. "Contextual learning : education through inter-cultural dialogue of elite and indigenous-indigent." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30614/.
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Universal access to education has been an urgent concern since the establishment of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals or MDG. While aiming at ‘Education for All’, the MDG did not specify what kind of education nor how that education would be delivered. Besides the emphasis on access, apparent in the various attempts to ensure provision of education for the world’s poor, there has been also focus on material resources - especially a reliance on foreign aid. This author argues that what is needed in the long-term is a localized or Culturally Responsive approach that includes a consideration of the question of justice – particularly the issue of socio-economic inequality. The study evaluates some historical attempts towards Cultural Responsiveness (CR) in education, highlighting the efforts to filter curriculum content and teaching strategies through students’ cultural frames of reference. It eventually questions this curriculum-centred approach. Should CR not rather address the problem of elitism inherited via colonial education? The elite and the indigent, the study suggests, have become of different cultures. Hence part of the task of CR in education needs to be conceptualised as an elite-indigent dialogue. The CR dialogue is indeed of culture but must be framed in the context of justice, presented in terms of the author’s religious worldview, which includes eco-justice. To gather data on an elite-indigent interaction, the study adopts a decolonized methodology, as well as a qualitative approach employing unstructured interviews and open-ended questionnaires. Based on an interpretive case study of the relationship between an elite school in Africa and its indigenous-indigent host community, the study explores an alternative CR approach through the philosophical lens of Constructivism and the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm (IPP). The result is a three-fold learning hypothesis termed Costheanthropic Learning.
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DuBose, Jennifer Robin. "Sustainability as an inherently contextual concept : some lessons from agricultural development." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29567.
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Karlsson, Thomas. "Cognitive and neuropsychological aspects of age-associated memory dysfunction." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100710.
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Memory dysfunction is common in association with the course of normal aging. Memory dysfunction is also obligatory in age-associated neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, despite the ubiquitousness of age-related memory decline, several basic questions regarding this entity remain unanswered. The present investigation addressed two such questions: (1) Can individuals suffering from memory dysfunction due to aging and amnesia due to Alzheimer’s disease improve memory performance if contextual support is provided at the time of acquisition of to-be- remembered material or reproduction of to-be-remembered material? (2) Are memory deficits observed in ‘younger’ older adults similar to the deficits observed in ‘older’ elderly subjects, Alzheimer’s disease, and memory dysfunction in younger subjects? The outcome of this investigation suggests an affirmative answer to the first question. Given appropriate support at encoding and retrieval, even densely amnesic patients can improve their memory performance. As to the second question, a more complex pattern emerges. When attentional demands are varied, subjects of varying ages perform qualitatively similar. However, when semantic aspects of the to-be- remembered material are manipulated, age-associated qualitative differences are observed. These qualitative differences show up between older and younger adults, as well as between ‘younger’ and ‘older’ elderly subjects.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 1992, härtill 6 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
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Hendricks, Susan M. "Contextual and individual factors and the use of influencing tactics in adult eduction program planning." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1172470.
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Understanding the political nature of adult education program planning is important for practitioners and researchers. This multivariate study clarified the relationships between contextual factors (nature of the power relationship and degree of situational conflict), individual planner's characteristics (perceived problem solving effectiveness, years of experience program planning), and the use of different power and influencing tactics in adult education program planning. Based on theoretical models specified by Cervero and Wilson (1994) and later Yang (1996), the Problem Solving Inventory (Heppner, 1988) and the Power and Influencing Tactics Scale (Yang, 1996) provided instrumentation.A sample of 245 graduate students and faculty in Adult and/or Continuing Education programs completed the informed consent and all the self-report study instruments. Participants were middle-aged (M = 40.84), female (65.1%), and white (82.0%). Most held master's degrees (50.8%) or bachelor's degrees (41.1%) and worked in a public organization (57.1%) of moderate size. Most participants reported low conflict situations and strong perceived problem solving ability.Two significant canonical correlations were initially identified, though only the first held practical importance. In the first canonical correlation (Rc = 0.524; Rc ² = 0.275; p>0.01), high conflict was the singular meaningful predictor variable and there were several moderately strong criterion variables: high counteracting, low reasoning, and low consulting. This canonical correlation was named "When reasoning and consulting fail: counteracting in the face of conflict." Furthermore, in consensual planning situations, reasoning and consulting were favored, while counteracting was not. Three of the hypotheses that were generated to specifically test different uses of influencing tactics under different individual and contextual conditions were partially accepted. Being an early attempt to characterize complex constructs quantitatively, this study suggests that further work is needed to identify and measure the factors that are most critical. Future qualitative research should clarify the nature of power and conflict, and focus on describing the actual use of different influencing tactics in the field. Quantitative research should focus on reliability of instruments and theoretical model clarification with a broader range of adult education program planners.Department of Educational Leadership
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Liu, Lawrence Zhong Qi. "The Contextual Aspects of Change in Management Accounting Systems in Transition Economies: A Chinese Case Study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accountancy, Finance and Information Systems, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/856.
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The extant management accounting literature shows that there is little consensus on why and how change in management accounting systems (MAS) evolves within organisations over time (Burns and Vaivio, 2001) and especially how the change process can be conceptualised into a theoretical model (Burns and Scapens, 2000). Although Amat et al. (1994) have provided a better understanding of MAS change over time and successfully conceptualised the process into a model using the notion of dualism, they noted that the evidence of a single case study is not enough. However, there has been no further study to extend Amat et al.'s (1994) findings. This thesis resembles Amat et al.'s (1994) study, analysing the progressive formalisation of MAS in a Chinese company: Shanghai Light Industry Machinery Stock Company Limited, during periods of change at both the social and organisational levels. It was found that three outer, social factors (socio-economic condition, competition and socio-culture) and three inner, organisational ones (autonomy, profitability and authority) have greatly impacted on the progressive formalisation of the MAS in the Chinese company during the period studied. Also, the internal effects on the MAS change differ from the external ones, mostly reflecting the increasingly specialised managers in the company having exercised a set of proactive or intentional changes in the MAS within the corporate boundary.
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Badal, Bernice. "Investigating English home language and 12 learner's ability to access pragmatic and contextual aspects of literary text." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80324.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates differences in L1 and L2 Grade 12 learners' interpretation of an English literary text. In particular, the research focuses on pragmatic features of the text, or features which require knowledge of the cultural and situational context in order to be understood. It is hypothesised from the outset that L1 learners will be more adept at interpreting the pragmatic features of the text since L2 learners may lack the necessary linguistic and cultural knowledge needed to derive meaning from an English literary text. The research takes the form of a qualitative study in which data was derived from ten participants in the form of a standardised test and semi-structured interviews. The test was based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and aimed to determine learners' textual and pragmatic competence through a series of questions. Semi-structured interviews then followed in order to investigate the students' own reasons for shortcomings in the test. In addition, the research draws on theories put forth by Brown and Levinson (1978) and Sperber and Wilson (2005) regarding “pragmatic competence”, Hymes‟ (1972) notion of "communicative competence‟, as well as research into how narratives are embedded into cultural mores, customs and norms. These concepts and ideas were incorporated into the research so far as they could assist in articulating the reasons for shortcomings in the literacy test. The two methods of data collection and subsequent analysis generated significant information which was then correlated. First, the L1 learners outperformed their L2 peers in the literary test, both in terms of understanding the literary elements and in terms of understanding the cultural and contextual elements of the text. Second, the semi-structured interviews revealed two contrasting methods of language socialisation pertaining to the learners: while the L1 learners acquired English through direct methods and were found to engage more with English literary texts in the home, the L2 learners generally revealed that English was not practised outside of the classroom and engagement with English or English texts was not explicitly encouraged in the home. The study reveals that inadequate exposure to a language not only affects text-comprehension on a grammatical level, but prevents the learner from engaging with and understanding critical pragmatic elements of the literary text such as idioms, metaphors and other cultural references.
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Cook, Bruce Alexander. "Aspects of motivation, self-concept and coping strategies in boys in Australian independent schools : a contextual comparison." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4212/.
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This thesis records an empirical study into psychological aspects reported by early adolescent and mid-adolescent boys. The research described in this thesis considered three different psychological characteristics, namely motivation, self-concept, and coping strategies, in 13-15 years old boys in Australian independent schools. These characteristics were considered within the context of two different school types, co-educational or single-sex boys. A total of 330 boys were tested, with samples from two year groups (Year 8 and Year 10) in each of two co-educational schools and two single-sex boys' schools. The four schools surveyed were located in large urban areas in two Australian states, and they were non-Catholic Christian day and boarding schools taking enrolments from pre-Grade 1 (four and a half years old) to the final year of secondary education. Year 12 (seventeen years old).The psychological tests used were the School Motivation Analysis Test (motivation), the Self- Description Questionnaire-ll (self-concept), and the Adolescent Coping Scale (coping strategies). Additionally, a demographic questionnaire obtained details of family background, socioeconomic status of children in the school, ethnic origin, occupation of parents, number of years spent in co-educational schools and single-sex schools, number of brothers, number of sisters, whether a day boy or a boarder, and date of birth. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in each of the three psychological characteristics studied; multiple regression analysis showed that these differences were indicated by school type more frequently than any other independent variable. Finally, suggestions for future work in this area are made.
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Bridger, M. "Structural, expressive and contextual aspects of selected electro-acoustic compositions by Beiro, Cage, Ligeti, Stockhausen and Varese." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377919.
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Jewitt, Clement. "Aspects of the night sea crossing : a project to create an extended song cycle : contextual & analytical commentary." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428308.
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Stewart, Katricia. "Intrapersonal and Social-Contextual Factors Related to Psychological Well-being among Youth Experiencing Homelessness." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4443.
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Homeless youth are typically defined as a group of adolescents and young adults (ages 12-24) who do not have stable dwellings, but instead live on the streets, in shelters or abandoned buildings, or in other unstable situations (e.g., doubling up with friends). Given the myriad of hardships, stressors, and marginalization faced by youth as they navigate life on the streets, it is encouraging that researchers have begun examining well-being among youth experiencing homelessness. However, the few studies examining well-being among homeless youth have produced inconsistent results. Furthermore, little is known about the components of well-being that are both relevant to and valued by homeless youth, as well as which factors predict differences in well-being among youth. This study examined psychological well-being and its associations with demographic characteristics (race, gender, and sexual orientation), intrapersonal factors (mental health, optimism, and self-esteem), and social-contextual factors (social support, sense of community, and empowerment) among 100 homeless youth utilizing services in Portland, Oregon. Quantitative results indicated that the intrapersonal and social-contextual variables were all significantly associated with psychological well-being among homeless youth at the bivariate level. However, in a full hierarchical regression model containing all study variables, only self-esteem and psychological distress were significant predictors of well-being. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed 11 categories of factors that impact youth's well-being, including Self Care, Social Support, and Personal Outlook. Collectively, findings have practical implications for program development at homeless youth service centers while also informing future research in this area.
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Collin, Mimmie. "L’interaction, le soutien contextuel et le soutien langagier : Aspects didactiques importants, mais sont-ils présents en classe ?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62842.
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The aim of this essay is to investigate the presence or non presence of a concept of teaching practice in high school classrooms. This concept which purpose is to improve the teaching practice in foreign language classrooms, is developed by researches in the Netherlands (Hajer & Meestringa, 2010). The main idea of the concept is to increase the interaction between the students and to ensure a high use of contextual and linguistic support from the teacher. The first research question is thereby whether this concept is present, and if so, to which extent, in five different foreign language classrooms. The second is to explore the coherence between the teachers’ and the students’ opinions concerning this eventual presence. To answer these questions, a quantitative method in the shape of a 10 steps questionnaire, has been distributed to five teachers and their groups of totally 109 students. The analysis shows a certain presence of the concept and a divergence between the teachers’ and the students’ answers. It seems that the teachers have a more positive view of their teaching practice than what is represented in the students’ answers.
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Hutton, Luke. "Applying contextual integrity to the study of social network sites." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7795.
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Social network sites (SNSs) have become very popular, with more than 1.39 billion people using Facebook alone. The ability to share large amounts of personal information with these services, such as location traces, photos, and messages, has raised a number of privacy concerns. The popularity of these services has enabled new research directions, allowing researchers to collect large amounts of data from SNSs to gain insight into how people share information, and to identify and resolve issues with such services. There are challenges to conducting such research responsibly, ensuring studies are ethical and protect the privacy of participants, while ensuring research outputs are sustainable and can be reproduced in the future. These challenges motivate the application of a theoretical framework that can be used to understand, identify, and mitigate the privacy impacts of emerging SNSs, and the conduct of ethical SNS studies. In this thesis, we apply Nissenbaum's model of contextual integrity to the study of SNSs. We develop an architecture for conducting privacy-preserving and reproducible SNS studies that upholds the contextual integrity of participants. We apply the architecture to the study of informed consent to show that contextual integrity can be leveraged to improve the acquisition of consent in such studies. We then use contextual integrity to diagnose potential privacy violations in an emerging form of SNS.
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Burney, Virginia H. "The relationship of socio-cultural contextual factors in schools with academic achievement in adolescents of high ability." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1370877.
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This study identified school and district level variables relevant to the relationship among advanced academic achievement, as defined by a score of 3, 4, or 5 on at least one Advanced Placement exam, and high school context, opportunities for social support and advanced academics, and district support for high ability students in grades K-12. Using school and district-level data from the Indiana Department of Education (IDOE), district level data on services for high ability students from the IDOE Division of Exceptional Learners, and school-level data from College Board, 49 variables are described for 339 public high schools. A hierarchical linear regression was applied to 15 independent variables thought to be most relevant to the explanation of the variance among high schools. After review, a second hierarchical regression was conducted with 9 retained independent variables explaining 80% of the variance in high performance. The retained variables included size of the graduating class, SAT average, demographic classification according to local population density, percentage of the community with less than a high school education, number of different AP exams offered by the school, ratio of the number of students scoring between 55 and 80 on the math portion of the PSAT to the number of graduates, ratio of the number of students taking SAT Subject Tests to the number of graduates, percentage of the school corporation enrollment identified as high ability, and the number of grade levels and subject areas in which advanced instruction differentiated for high ability students was offered for at least 150 minutes per week. The variables included in the first regression are delineated for the highest 34 (10%) and lowest 34 (10%) performing schools on the dependent variable to construct profiles of a high and low performing school. High performance is limited in small and rural schools. The overarching finding is that schools make a significant difference in the opportunities and development of high performance in adolescents of high ability. Future research directions are suggested and implications of the findings for policymakers are discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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Von, Witt Simon. "Why do companies go green? A qualitative study of the motivations and contextual factors inducing sustainable responses." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6859.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: ‘Going green’ draws its origins from the ‘green’ in politics, which was first used as a party name by the German Greens (Die Grünen) in the late 1970s, which, although not the first green party, through media hype triggered the conception of a green movement in the early 1980s. This was voiced through green parties across the globe. Green is now seen as a buzzword and is often used as shorthand for discussing sustainability. It has since gained support leading to the gathering of more than 100 heads of state at the Earth Summit, which took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 and provided the necessary platform to launch a global campaign. It initially began in developed nations, in particular European countries, but has since spread to developing countries, despite receiving abundant opposition both from developed and developing nations, due to its impact on the oil and coal sectors. The purpose of this research is to determine the core motivation behind companies going green. The researcher does this through a qualitative study of the motivations and contextual factors that induce ecological responsiveness ranging from day to day business practices to the ecological design of their offices. The researcher tests the hypothesis, namely climate change mitigation, which is developed through the literature study and adopted to evaluate the four case studies selected. The researcher builds up his argument in chapters 3 to 5, which draw on the literature studied and first discuss Government’s response to climate change, then the interventions in place to address climate change and finally look at the four case studies. Climate change and its relevance to companies is the key motivation behind deciding on this topic and it is discussed throughout the thesis. Companies interviewed in this thesis expressed concern about it, although it was not always the primary motivation. Some had already introduced measures to address it and were continually looking at new ways of mitigating it. Similarly, the companies interviewed and others analysed were all concerned about introducing cost saving measures, which had the added advantage of being of benefit to the environment. Genuine reasons for mitigating climate change and concern over the future of the planet put forward by certain companies, while protecting profit margins were given by others. All served to achieve one goal to protect the environment through the sustainable use of natural resources and ultimately to enhance companies’ public images as being green companies. This study is divided into a literature review and case studies, where literature pertaining to climate change, renewable energy, sustainable building, corporate governance, green jobs and others was sourced from government gazettes, newspapers, academic studies, books, documentaries, journals, magazines and internet sources. These serve to develop and support the case studies, which take the form of interviews done with owners and workers from the selected companies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om groen te wees is ‘n uitdrukking wat van die politiek afkomstig is. Die naam is eers deur die Duitse Groenparty (Die Grünen) in die laat sewentiger jaar gebruik en alhoewel dit nie eintlik die eerste groenparty was, het dit deur middel van die media gelei tot die totstandkoming van die groenbeweging in die vroeer tagtige jare. Die naam “groen” is deur groenpartye wêreldwyd gebruik en ‘groen’ word deesdae as ‘n bynaam gebruik as ‘n mens van verdedigbaarheid praat. In 1992 te Rio de Janeiro, Brazil het die groenbeweging sterk steun gevind toe meer as 100 staatshoofde by die ‘Earth Summit’ bymekaar vergader het. Oorspronklik het die groenbeweging in die ontwikkelde nasies, veral Europese nasies, begin maar het daarna tot die ontwikkelende nasies uitgebrei. Maar daar was heelwat teenstand van beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende nasies, weens die ekonomiese uitwerking op die olie en steenkool industriëe. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bepaal watter motiverende faktore maatskappye inagneem as hulle “groen” gaan. Die skrywer versoek om vas te stel deur middel van ‘n kwalitatiewe studie van die motiverende en samehangende faktore wat ekologiese antwoordendheid teweegbring. Hierdie faktore beweeg van daaglikse besigheidspraktyke tot die ekologiese beplanning van die kantore. Die skrywer gebruik die versagting van klimaatverandering as ‘n toets, wat deur die literatuurstudie ontwikkel is en wat verwys word as die sleutelmotivering wat tot groening lei, en wat gebruik word om die vier uitgesoekte studies te beoordeel. Elkeen van die studies word volgens hierdie kriteria bepaal. Die skrywer pas hierdie kriteria ook op voorbeelde wat gebruik word om die vier uitgesoekte studies te steun. Die skrywer bou in hoofstukke 3 tot 4 sy argument op. Daar word die regering se reaksie tot klimaatverandering en groot besigheid se antwoord op regeringsbeleid uiteengesit. Ons sien ook die bemiddelinge wat in staat gestel is om klimaatverandering teen te staan; daarna word die agtergrond oor die logiese gronde vir die verkiesing van die vier gevallestudies bespreek, en laastens word die eintlike gevallestudies behandel. Klimaatverandering en die relevantheid daarvan is die sleutelmotivering vir die keuse van hierdie onderwerp en dit word deurgaans in die proefskrif bespreek. Dit is die een gemeenskaplike faktor waaroor die vier ondervraagde maatskappye getoets is; hulle het reeds stappe geneem om dit teen te staan en soek aanhoudend om die uitwerking van klimaatverandering te versag. ‘n Oorsig van die algemene literatuur en sakestudies, die literatuur wat spesifiek op klimaatverandering van toepassing is, hernieubare energie, verduurbare geboue, maatskaplike beheer, ‘groen’ werk en klimaatverandering te versag. Inligting afkomstig van staatskoerante, koerante, akademiese studies, boeke, dokumentere studies, joernale, tydskrifte en internet bronne. Altesame het hierdie bronne bygedra tot die ontwikkeling en steun van die gevallestudies, wat hoofsaaklik die vorm van onderhoude met werkgewers en werknemers van uitgesoekde maatskappye gevat het.
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Schumann, Sandy. "Click to act? the (de) mobilizing effect of expressive low-threshold online collective actions :motivational underpinnings and contextual boundaries." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209182.
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Previous research highlighted that Internet use, in particular online informationretrieval and discussions, can facilitate offline collective actions (Boulianne, 2009).
Recently, however, the Internet also has been criticized for encouraging low-cost and lowrisk
online collective actions—slacktivism—that may have detrimental consequences for
groups that aim to achieve a collective purpose (Gladwell, 2010). More precisely, it is
argued that actions such as “liking” Facebook pages or posting ingroup-endorsing
comments online make users instantly feel good, satisfy their need to act, and derail
participation in offline collective actions (Lee & Hsieh, 2013; Morozov, 2009).
In my thesis, I assessed this postulation as well as the underlying processes and
boundary conditions of the relationship between so-called slacktivist actions and offline
collective actions. After introducing a conceptualization of slacktivism as expressive lowthreshold
online collective actions, I investigated its influence on offline engagement
(Study 1, N = 634; Study 2, N = 76; Study 3, N = 63; Study 4, N = 48). Results indicated that
expressive low-threshold online collective actions reduce the willingness to join offline
collective actions. This effect was mediated by the satisfaction of group-enhancing
motives; members considered the online actions as a substantial contribution to the
group's success. The demobilizing impact of expressive low-threshold online collective
actions was qualified when members took the online actions in the co-presence of the
ingroup, all parties being mutually identifiable (Study 5a, N = 84; Study 5b, N = 99). In this
context, obligatory interdependencies between members were enhanced and fostered a
spill-over from online to offline collective actions (Study 6, N = 62).
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ham, Tjeng Sin. "A contextual, comparative, legal and theological examination of mixed marriage as practised in Indonesia 1974-1994 : with special emphasis on pastoral considerations." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683146.
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Wheeler, Linda. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) : identification, assessment, contextual and curricular variability in boys at KS1 and KS2 in mainstream schools." Thesis, University of Worcester, 2007. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/466/.
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The concept of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children presents conceptually controversial and practical challenges on several levels. These include the theoretical basis of the disorder, its manifestations in everyday life and identification and assessment procedures. The field has attracted considerable attention from professionals in the areas of education, psychology and health. One of the major areas where ADHD behaviours can present problems is in school settings. The present research derives from, and addresses, English educational perspectives and practices, based in school settings. It was primarily concerned with seeking new insights and generating testable hypotheses concerning incidence, multi-professional identification, assessment and management of the condition and situational variability in ADHD symptoms in schools. The exploratory study was in two related parts. These were undertaken concurrently using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques and data gathering methods. Part 1 of the research was based on detailed analyses of data from the first countywide ADHD survey covering all schools in a Local Education Authority in the West Midlands (LEA 1) in 2003. Data pertaining specifically to pupils at key stages 1/2 have been extracted from the 2003 survey data and subjected to further descriptive analyses. Comparisons have been made with findings from five other LEA school surveys in order to obtain a more extensive appraisal of the reported incidence of the disorder. Part 2 adopted a case study approach in which data-gathering techniques included the use of field notes, a range of interviews, analysis of documents and observation. Two classroom observation schedules have been devised and used extensively over a two-year period throughout six individual case studies in schools within LEA 1. The case studies have produced a wide range of unique data on the variability of ADHD symptoms across curricular contexts and over time. The findings and hypotheses generated in the present research have significance for inclusive educational practice, highlighting the importance of multi-professional approaches to the identification and management of ADHD and pedagogical and curricular flexibility in schools. These form part of the Government’s ongoing reform of children’s services as set out in Every Child Matters (DfES, 2003) and Removing Barriers to Achievement (DfES, 2004a).
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Shapiro, Ivor. "The ethics of homicide : a contextual critique of the sanctity-of-life principle with particular reference to abortion and revolutionary violence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15879.
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Bibliography: pages 299-306.Society never absolutely prohibits homicide: there are "grey areas" in which it is sometimes tolerated or even encouraged. Moral discussion of each area is usually carried on in isolation from the others, and perhaps for this reason, frequently ignores or underestimates the complexities of the morality of killing. This thesis attempts to identify a general method for analysing such issues, so that they can enrich one another. A contemporary theological survey indicates that there should be a balance in Christian ethical method between the polar values of obedience in respect of general standards, and freedom to exercise individual responsibility. This implies recognising a place for intuitions, and specifying a way in which these can be subjected to criticism. In contrast, the Sanctity-of-Life Principle seeks to impose a universal prohibition on the killing of "innocent" human beings. While the Principle provides a useful general guideline, it is deficient as a moral norm - partly because of fatal difficulties associated with the concept of innocence. The method adopted in this thesis is that suggested by Philip Wagaman: methodological presumptions are identified and then tested in a utilitarian way. For the ethics of homicide, I propose a primary presumption favouring the preservation of life, and various secondary and linguistic presumptions. The contextual framework of the thesis is limited to two specific issues - abortion and revolutionary violence.
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Johnell, Kristina. "Contextual and individual aspects of use of medication : multilevel studies on anxiolytic-hypnotic drug use, social context, adherence to medication, and disability pension /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-444-9/.
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Brady, Jacquelyn Marie. "Family Linked Workplace Resources and Contextual Factors as Important Predictors of Job and Individual Well-being for Employees and Families." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5010.
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The inextricable ties between work and family have been extensively studied, however, with both societal and organizational change there is a continuing need for organizational research to elucidate the effects work can have on family, individual, and job well-being. Through three studies, this body of work demonstrates the role of supervisors, psychological contextual factors, and workplace work-family resources for improving employee and spouse family well-being and employee psychological and job well-being. This dissertation drew upon data from the Study for Employment Retention of Veterans (SERVe) and the Work-family Health Network (WFHN). Study 1 investigated the link between a supportive supervisor training and employee and spouse ratings of spouse and parent-child relationship quality at 3 and 9 months, while examining the moderating effects of baseline stress. Results revealed that the supportive supervisor training is associated with improved spouse reports of spousal relationship quality 3 months following the training. Additionally, results suggested that the training protects against employee and spouse declines in relationship quality under conditions of higher baseline employee stress. Study 2 examined the daily within and between-person link between work-to-family conflict (WFC) and affective well-being for employees and their spouses, with a focus on how daily family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) can protect against WFC associated declines in mood. Findings from Study 2 revealed that daily WFC is related to declines in both employee and spouse mood at the within and between-person levels, however the associations between WFC and spouse mood are nuanced. Specifically, employee WFC was associated with spouse positive mood at the within-person level, but with spouse negative mood at the between-person level. Furthermore, FSSB protected against daily within-person WFC associated declines in employee positive mood. Study 3 utilized a novel theoretical integration of COR theory and climate framework, multi-level methodology, and a time-lagged design in order to elucidate the relationships between supervisor work-family views, unit-level work-family resources (e.g., FSSB and schedule control), and individual well-being. Results revealed that positive supervisor views about flexible work arrangements (FWA) for employees was associated with higher unit levels of FSSB, and that unit level FSSB and schedule control were both strongly related to subsequent employee burnout. Additionally, supervisor FWA was indirectly associated with job-burnout via FSSB. These three studies drew upon multi-level, multi-time points, and multi-source data to further work-family literature and theory, and demonstrate the importance of work-family resources for protecting employees and their families from stress related resource loss. The unique contributions of this dissertation and future directions are discussed.
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Cane, Fiona Eloïse. "Late(r) diagnosis of ASC : using parent narratives to understand the contextual factors associated with later diagnosis and its impact on children and families." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6290/.
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‘Early diagnosis’ of Autism Spectrum Conditions (‘ASC’ hereafter) is often promoted as universally beneficial. Despite research identifying the earliest possible reliable diagnoses (at 14-24 months), many are diagnosed later in childhood, adolescence or adulthood. This study aims to: (i) explore the reasons for later diagnoses of ASC; and (ii) understand the impact of this on parents. Narrative methodology (including narrative interviews), afforded the unique benefit of keeping individual, chronological stories intact. This allowed exploration of both explanatory narratives (reasons for later diagnosis) and descriptive narratives (impact of later diagnosis) of two parents of young people who had received a ‘later’ diagnosis of ASC (aged 12 years and 16 years). Findings suggest that later diagnoses were interpreted to have arisen from a complex and highly individualised web of interacting factors. There were considerable differences in parental perceptions of the most beneficial time for the diagnosis, in hindsight. I advocate, therefore, an interactionist conceptualisation of ASC across the lifespan, and suggest that ‘early’ diagnosis is not always possible, necessary or beneficial. I invite further research to build upon these findings, with the ultimate aim of improving experiences and outcomes for children, young people and adults with autism and their families.
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Tsang, Howin. "Improving the adverse impact and validity trade-off in Paraeto optimal composites a comparison of weights developed on contextual vs task performance." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4593.
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Recent research in reducing adverse impact in personnel selection has focused on the use of various weighting schemes to balance levels of adverse impact and the validity of selection processes. De Corte Lievens & Sackett (2007) suggested the use of the normal boundary intersection method to create a number of weights that optimize adverse impact and criterion validity. This study seeks to improve the efficacy of this solution by looking at specific types of performance, namely task and contextual performance. It will investigate whether a focus on contextual performance will improve the trade-off by requiring smaller losses in validity for greater gains in adverse impact. This study utilized data from 272 applicants for exempt positions at a multinational financial institution. The two sets of Paraeto optimal composite were developed, one based on contextual performance and the other based on task performance. Results were analyzed based on levels of adverse impact and validity of weights generated using each method. Results indicate that reducing adverse impact required a greater validity trade-off for task performance than contextual performance. Application of this method would allow for greater reductions to adverse impact than the original method while retaining a validity coefficient of 95% of the maximum achieved with regression weighting. Though this method would limit practitioners to selecting based on contextual performance, the use of minimal cut-off scores on task predictors or job experience could allow employers to incorporate task measures while further reducing adverse impact.ID: 029050432; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-27).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Psychology
Sciences
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Hein, Willius Andreas Alexander. "The influence of space and place characteristics on juvenile antisocial behaviour development : an analysis of the effect of contextual disadvantage in Santiago de Chile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f8a96ec7-c87b-4a5e-8e0f-2dcb67df291a.
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The fact that social problems cluster in space is not new. Spatial clustering of social problems has been described for several issues such as low educational achievement, crime and drug use, among others. One key factor that has been linked to those problems is the geographical concentration of contextual disadvantage. It has been argued that this observed correlation is only to be attributed to the fact that housing and labour markets create incentives for vulnerable people to cluster in space. Some believe that this clustering generates additional effects leading to poorer outcomes that would not have been observed in the absence of spatial clustering. The literature is unclear on the question of whether there is a "neighbourhood effect" of contextual disadvantage on problems like antisocial behaviour, and how this effect might be transmitted. Neighbourhood studies have been subject to persistent methodological and conceptual shortcomings. These may be partly related to the high costs involved in producing new datasets with adequate spatial measures. The availability of datasets with contextual data is scarce, thus many of the published papers on the subject have drawn on a low number of different studies (usually from the US and Europe). Consequently, the possibility to generalize their findings seems to be limited. In addition, the availability of high quality data (e.g. longitudinal datasets) that can help to rule out known methodological problems is even more restricted. In order to contribute to improving the understanding of how contextual characteristics might influence adolescent antisocial behaviour, firstly, a systematic review of longitudinal neighbourhood effects studies was conducted. In the first part of the thesis, results from the review suggest that the evidence supporting the existence of a direct neighbourhood effect of poverty and concentrated disadvantage on antisocial behaviour is mixed. Contextual effects of concentrated disadvantage also seemed to be highly dependent on model specification, whereby most studies finding significant main effects usually failed to include potentially relevant confounders in regression models. Commonly omitted confounders were related to baseline antisocial behaviour, parenting and peer differential association. Furthermore, evidence was generally unsupportive of the idea that neighbourhood level residential instability, neighbourhood disorder and incivility, social capital and collective efficacy or exposure to violence may have a direct effect on antisocial behaviour. Regarding institutional resources, mixed results were found. Some evidence pointed to the idea that "subcultural" variables (e.g. community level tolerance to deviance) may have an effect on reduced individual level violence. At times, it seemed that more complex models regarding how neighbourhood influences may influence behavioural outcomes might be needed. In the second part of the thesis, data from a longitudinal study, representative of the school population of Santiago de Chile, was merged with independent contextual level information (Census tract, schools and police records) and analysed. By examining the case of Santiago de Chile, a series of ideas regarding how contextual characteristics of activity spaces might relate to the growth of antisocial behaviour diversity over time were explored and tested. Specific attention was paid to examine and discuss how contextual effects might operate, in particular, how contextual disadvantage may influence criminogenic processes of strain, social control and contagion (peer effects). In order to test the proposed hypotheses, a series of hierarchical linear growth models were estimated. No evidence supporting the idea that different types of activity spaces (home based or school based activity spaces) may have differential effects on antisocial behaviour was found. However, results suggest that higher levels of contextual concentrated disadvantage across activity spaces significantly predicted a steeper growth of antisocial behaviour diversity over time. In spite of this, no support was found for the existence of a direct contextual effect once other covariates (i.e. baseline antisocial behaviour, strain, family level social control, contagion effects, among others) had been controlled for. The effect of concentrated disadvantage on antisocial behaviour appears to be mainly indirect; that is, mediated by other covariates. Baseline antisocial behaviour and contagion effects (peer effects) seem to play a relevant role in explaining away the effect of contextual concentrated disadvantage on the growth of antisocial behaviour scores over time. Only partial support for the idea that strain indicators may predict growth in antisocial behaviour diversity over time was found. Additionally, mediation analysis suggests that it may seem unlikely that the effect of contextual concentrated disadvantage on antisocial behaviour would be mediated by increased levels of strain. In spite of this, the effect of family level SES on the growth of antisocial behaviour diversity does seem to be partially mediated by some of the measured strain indicators. Measurement limitations (antisocial behaviour scale could only increase or remain stable) made it difficult to interpret some unexpected findings regarding strain effects. Regarding social control variables, evidence suggested that, even though family level monitoring predicts antisocial behaviour, neither parental attachment nor monitoring seemed to mediate the effect of contextual disadvantage on antisocial behaviour. In relation to school level social control, none of the relevant measures (school value added education and school attachment) significantly predicted antisocial behaviour in the fully specified model. Moreover, none of the hypothesized mediation effects held up, after controlling for other covariates. Regarding contagion effects (measured using peer variables), macro level concentration of juveniles with arrest records failed to predict individual level growth in antisocial behaviour diversity over time. Nevertheless, micro level concentration of antisocial peers in school and/or in activity spaces did predict growth in antisocial behaviour diversity. Results on micro level concentration of antisocial peers where subject to multicollinearity problems and thus were assessed separately. The effect of both variables (concentration in schools and concentration in activity spaces) was partially mediated by best friend's antisocial behaviour. Furthermore, concentrated disadvantage and concentration of deviant schoolmates in activity space interacted to predict a stronger relationship between affiliation to deviant peers and antisocial behaviour . Results are consistent with both geographic propinquity and co-offending process. , because of a low ecometric reliability found for "concentration of antisocial peers in activity space", results regarding this variable are regarded as tentative. An explanatory hypothesis of observed effects was proposed. Results may suggest that the effect of contextual disadvantage on antisocial behaviour is mainly indirect. Contextual disadvantage might be regarded as an expression of spatial clustering (social sorting) of low SES families due to housing and other governmental policies. In average, low SES families display poorer parenting skills, which might provide at least a partial explanation as regards to why higher concentration of antisocial peers (in school or activity spaces) and increased baseline antisocial behaviour scores are observed in disadvantaged contexts. In turn, higher concentration of deviant peers may be facilitating contagion effects. Results suggest that effects of concentrated disadvantage on antisocial behaviour might be due to simultaneous occurrence of compositional and contextual effects.Study limitations, policy implications, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Yam, Chi-Keung. "Study of popular Hong Kong cinema from 2001 to 2004 as resource for a contextual approach to expressions of Christian faith in the public realm after the reversion to Chinese sovereignty in 1997." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4015.
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In this thesis I study popular Hong Kong cinema through analysing specific films produced between 2001 and 2004. They are Shaolin Soccer (2001), The Infernal Affairs Trilogy (2002-2003), and Kung Fu Hustle (2004). My aim is to identify insights from these films in order both to interrogate and to inform the public expressions of faith by local Christians in the period after the reversion to Chinese sovereignty in 1997. In this thesis, these expressions of faith are represented by local Christian productions released in cinemas also between 2001 and 2004. Being the first detailed study of Chinese language film in the developing field of theology-religion and film, this thesis serves to extend the geo-cultural scope of this area of research. Throughout this study I adopt a tripolar approach to theology which is simultaneously practical, contextual, and cultural. It starts with practical concerns and aims at informing Christian praxis; it is concerned with local issues and reflects on local practices; it regards the cinema as a cultural text and as resource for local theology. My film analysis draws upon a cultural studies approach which combines textual and contextual studies, and is enriched by extensive references to writings by local critics and audience members. Using this multi-layered approach, I scrutinise the top grossing local film of each year from 2001 to 2004 within its original sociocultural context of production and reception. The same approach is also applied to examine the Christian films. At the heart of this thesis is my analysis of both Christian films and popular films. I demonstrate that the local Christian films exhibit a number of characteristics, which include: other-worldly spirituality; individualistic worldviews that focus on personal fulfilment; exclusive emphasis on marriage and the family; as well as disinterest from the social context and indifference towards the present. My contextual study on the development of Christianity in Hong Kong reveals that these characteristics mirror the popular theologies prevalent in many local Christian communities. In contrast, the popular films are often perceived locally to be implicit representations of circumstances after the reversion of sovereignty, and are thus regarded as stories of Hong Kong people and society. I discuss how these films address important issues which confront the people, take the local cultural-religious traditions seriously, assume the point of view of the marginal, and embrace rather than condemn human weaknesses. As cultural texts, they suggest that the people of Hong Kong are struggling with unresolved identities and anxiety over being marginalised, grappling with the tension of retention versus abandonment of collective memories, and longing for transformation from their perceived perpetual despair. These characteristics, I contend, are manifestations of a collective state of liminality experienced by many people in Hong Kong after 1997. In the conclusion, I propose a contextual approach to public expressions of Christian faith for Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty. My proposed approach involves attentiveness and humility toward local cultural-religious traditions; relocation to the periphery for the assumption of a marginal perspective; identification with and embrace of the liminal condition of the people. Finally, I suggest that the challenge for public expressions of Christian faith in this context is two-fold. First, it is to be able to tell the stories of post-1997 Hong Kong; second, these stories need to be grounded on a sound theology of liminality which embodies and addresses the post-1997 experience in the city. This specific study on Hong Kong cinema also has wider implications for those seeking to express their Christian faith in the public realm, particularly through various popular audiovisual media.
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Latz, Deirdre Brower. "A contextual reading of John Wesley's theology and the emergent church : critical reflections on the emergent church movement in respect to aspects of Wesley's theology, ecclesiology and urban poverty." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508712.
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This thesis surveys facets of the eighteenth century English social context in order to offer a reading of Wesley as a contextual theologian. It explores distinctive aspects of Wesley's theology related to his ecclesiological practice. Wesley's ecclesiology affects his understanding of how and why the church should and does respond to (particularly urban) poverty. In considering his praxis, a model of good practice begins to emerge, both of churchmanship and of considerations and responses to poverty and people living within it. Picking up the eighteenth century analysis and overlaying it on selected aspects of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, analogous patterns become evident in social history, both for Christianity and of poverty (again, especially urban poverty). This thesis focuses particularly on one response to cultural change experienced within the Christian church in the West, the emergent church movement, which is a relatively recent phenomenon. The movement is defined and then considered in its approach to ecclesiology and to the poor. Within the framework of analogy developed the thesis offers a critique of the emergent church movement in relation to key theological developments, and critically reflects on the movement in respects to particular theological elements that are crucial to Wesley. From this critique and comparison the thesis concludes that if the emergent church movement and its successors willingly engage with Wesley and learn from him as a contextual theologian, then they would be better equipped to be a reforming movement for the whole church. This would also enable them to be intentionally transformational for communities and people socially excluded by poverty in the twenty-first century setting. Because the reading of Wesley establishes him as a contextual theologian, whose theology is inseparable from his praxis and shapes it, the thesis contends that the emergent church movement can learn from this. Wesley's orthopraxis - particularly how he relates to his specific historical context and how to help the poor, as essential characteristics of being a Christian church - then offers a powerful paradigm for the emergent church movement.
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Theron, Karin. "Temporal aspects of speech production in bilingual speakers with neurogenic speech disorders." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072003-152242.
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Tobiskova, Nicole. "Managing online workshops for diverse user groups : A case of redesigning a multi-user application." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175776.
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The participatory design previously proved to be a useful approach to design a system together with customers. Also, research has shown guidelines on managing distributed teams, which is now, during the Covid-19 pandemic, more relevant than ever. The gap that remains to be explored is the lack of guidelines on how to design a remote workshop in such a way that it enables people to share their work practice and picture their work contexts. In this work, we aim to gain knowledge about participants' abilities to collaborate online as well as accessing their different work processes by conducting a series of workshops involving a wide range of users. The results show that participants' hands-on performance was rather limited, and they tend to use more traditional ways of cooperation. Applying our methods, we were able to access details about the underlying processes of participants' work and their way of thinking that can be used to make the design of the workshop more suitable for participants.
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Neves, Vânia de Oliveira. "Teste de integração contextual de programas orientados a objetos e a aspectos: critérios e automação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-08042010-163127/.
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Uma abordagem de teste estrutural de integração contextual para programas OO e OA escritos em Java e AspectJ é apresentada. A finalidade dessa abordagem é descobrir defeitos que possam existir nas interfaces entre uma determinada unidade (método ou adendo) e todas as outras que interagem diretamente com ela, bem como descobrir defeitos que possam ocorrer na hierarquia de chamadas dessas unidades. Para programas OO, esse tipo de teste envolve testar a interação entre métodos; já para programas OA, o teste estrutural de integração nível um (como também pode ser chamado) deve considerar as interações método-método, método-adendo, adendo-adendo e adendo-método. Para efetuar o teste estrutural de integração nível um deve-se considerar todo o fluxo de execução (fluxo de controle e de dados) que ocorre entre uma unidade chamadora e as unidades que interagem diretamente com ela. Para isso é definido o grafo Def-Uso IN1P, que é uma abstração formada pela integração dos grafos Def-Uso Orientado a Aspectos (AODU) da unidade chamadora e das unidades que ela chama ou que a afeta. Além disso, são propostos três critérios para derivar os requisitos de teste, dois baseados em fluxo de controle (todos-nós-integrados-N1 e todas-arestas-integradas-N1) e um baseado em fluxo de dados (todos-usos-integrados-N1). A ferramenta JaBUTi/AJ foi estendida para dar apoio à abordagem de teste de integração proposta. Exemplos são apresentados para ilustrar o uso da ferramenta para o teste de profundidade um e também seu uso no contexto de uma abordagem que leva em consideração também o teste de unidades e o teste baseado em conjuntos de junçãoA Contextual structural integration testing for OO and OA programs written in Java and AspectJ is presented. The purpose of this approach is to discover faults that may exist in the interfaces between a particular unit (method or advice) and all others that interact directly with it, as well as to discover defects that may occur in the call hierarchy of these units. In OO programs, this type of test involves testing the interaction among methods. For OA programs, the structural integration testing at the depth of one (as it can also be called) should consider the method-method, method-advice, advice-advice and advice-method interactions. To perform structural integration testing at the depth of one level the whole execution flow (control and data flow) that occurs among a caller unit and the units that interact directly with it it must be considered. The IN1P Def-Use graph has been defined as an abstraction formed by the integration of the Aspect-Oriented Def-Use (AODU) graphs of the caller unit and of the units that it calls or affects it. Also, three criteria to derive test requirements are proposed, two of which are based on control flow all-integrated-nodes-N1 and all-integrated-edges-N1 and one is based on data flowall-integrated-uses-N1. The tool JaBUTi/AJ was extended to support the proposed integration testing approach. Examples are presented to illustrate the use of the tool for depth 1 testing as well as its use in the context of an approach that also takes into account unit testing and pointcut-based testing
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Cafeo, Bruno Barbieri de Pontes. "Teste estrutural de integração contextual de programas orientados a objetos e a aspectos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-12082011-103432/.
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Paradigmas e técnicas de desenvolvimento como a programação Orientada a Objetos (OO) e a programação Orientada a Aspectos (OA) procuram melhorar os níveis de reuso e manutenibilidade na produção de software. Contudo, com a introdução de mecanismos com maior poder de expressividade e, consequentemente, a possível introdução de novos tipos de defeitos, a utilização de linguagens OO e OA pode se tornar um obstáculo ao invés de um auxílio ao desenvolvimento de software. Para lidar com esse problema, nesta dissertação é proposta uma abordagem de teste estrutural de integração para programas orientados a objetos e a aspectos implementados em Java e AspectJ. É definido um modelo de fluxo de controle e de dados baseado no bytecode Java { chamado Grafo Def-Uso Contextual (ou Contextual Def-Use graph) - que é uma abstração formada pela integração dos grafos Def-Uso Orientados a Aspectos (AODU) da unidade sob teste com todas as unidades que interagem direta ou indiretamente com ela até um nível de profundidade de interação máximo ou definido pelo testador. São defiidos três critérios de teste: todos-nós-integrados-Nd, todas-arestas-integradas-Nd e todos-usos-integrados-Nd. Para automatizar o uso do modelo e critérios propostos, a ferramenta JaBUTi/AJ foi estendida. Exemplos de usos são discutidos e, por meio de um estudo experimental, uma análise de aplicabilidade da abordagem proposta é apresentadaDevelopment paradigms and techniques such as Object-Oriented (OO) programming and Aspect-Oriented (AO) programming aim at improving reuse levels and maintenability in the software production. However, due to the introduction of mechanisms to support a greater power of expressiveness and, consequently, possible introduction of new type of faults, the use of OO and AO languages might become an obstacle instead of a benefit in the software development. To deal with these problems, in this dissertation is presented an integration structural testing approach for objectand aspect-oriented software based on Java and AspectJ. It is defined a control- and data- ow model based on Java bytecode { called Contextual Def-Use graph { that is an abstraction composed by the integration of Aspect-Oriented Def-Use graphs (AODU) of the unit under testing with the units triggered by the execution of the unit under testing considering either a maximum interaction depth level or an interaction depth level previously defined by the tester. Three testing criteria are also defined: all-integrated-nodes-Nd, all-integrated-edges-Nd and all-integrated-uses-Nd. To automate the use of the model and the testing criteria, the JaBUTi/AJ tool was extended. Usage examples are discussed to explain the approach and an exploratory study is conducted to evaluate the applicability of the proposed approach
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Woolford, Ellen. "Aspect splits and parasitic marking." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3223/.
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Aspect splits can affect agreement, Case, and even preposition insertion. This paper discusses the functional ‘why’ and the theoretical ‘how’ of aspect splits. Aspect splits are an economical way to mark aspect by preserving or suppressing some independent element in one aspect. In formal terms, they are produced in the same way as coda conditions in phonology, with positional/contextual faithfulness.This approach captures the additive effects of cross-cutting splits. Aspect splits are analyzed here from Hindi, Nepali, Yucatec Maya, Chontal, and Palauan.
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Jovet, Catherine. "Influence de la nature du chevauchement contextuel sur le processus de résonance." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100040.
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La conception actuelle du traitement de texte contraint par la mémoire (McKoon, Gerrig & Greene, 1996) et le modèle de résonance Myers et O’Brien (1998) supposent un processus de résonance en tant que mécanisme principal de récupération des informations stockées en mémoire à long terme. Dans 4 études basées sur le paradigme de l’incohérence de Albrecht et Myers (1993), nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence de la manipulation du chevauchement contextuel sur la récupération des informations associées au but poursuivi par un personnage. Plus précisément, le chevauchement était issu soit d’un sous-but proche, soit d’un sous-but distant de l’atteinte du but. Les résultats de l’étude 1 indiquent un effet de la manipulation de la nature du chevauchement, mais pas de la satisfaction du but. Dans leur ensemble, les résultats mettent en avant : 1) le caractère «dumb» du processus de récupération et 2) l’importance de la dimension temporo-causale du texte dans la manipulation du chevauchementThis thesis takes place in the resonance model framework (Myers & O’Brien, 1998) that assumes a fast acting, passive resonance process as a basic mechanism for retrieving prior information. In 4 studies, we used the inconsistency detection paradigm (Albrecht and Myers, 1993) in order to investigate the impact of the nature of the contextual overlap on the reinstatement of information concerning the goal of a character. Results of experiment 1 indicated a significant effect of the nature of the overlap, but no inconsistency effect. These unexpected results were replicated in experiment 1b. Several potential explanations were investigated. Particularly, we tested the possibilities of an integration difficulty (experiment 2) and in terms of distance in the surface structure (experiment 3). Globally, results highlight 1) the dumb characteristic of the resonance process and 2) the importance of the temporo-causal structure of the text in the manipulation of the overlap
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Gabrielli, Lourdes Malerba. "Retórica intratextual e contextual na publicidade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4943.
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-16The present inquiry takes as an object the printed Brazilian publicity of the 1900 years, with focus in the period understood between the decades of 1960 and 1980, in lifting carried out from announcements conveyed in specialized publications of historical hallmark, like yearbooks of publicity, portifólios of advertising agencies or publications carried out by schools of communication. The problem of inquiry is situated in the relation between the printed publicity and the verbal and visual multicodes messages, favored by the cultural complexity, with emphasis in the baroque proceedings understood like operators between the culture and the publicity. The objective is to study the updating of the tools of rhetoric when they were used in the construction of publicity messages through the classic rhetoric, of the study of the job of the persuasives visual resources, put into effect by the baroque movement, and also for the use of the persuasives resources visualverb in the Nazi propaganda. Two types of updating were considered rhetoric: intratextual, what treats the structural questions of the messages, and contextual, what analyses the cultural questions. The methodology consists of bibliographical inquiry and lifting of announcements, and the academic references includes the semiotics of the culture, the Peirce s semiotics, the theories about barroque and neo-barroque, and about the cultural interbreeding
A presente pesquisa tem por objeto a publicidade impressa brasileira dos anos 1900, com foco no período compreendido entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980, em levantamento realizado a partir de anúncios veiculados em publicações especializadas de cunho histórico, como anuários de publicidade, portifólios de agências de propaganda ou edições realizadas por escolas de comunicação. O problema de pesquisa situa-se na relação entre a publicidade impressa e as mensagens multicódigos verbal e visual, favorecidas pela complexidade cultural, com ênfase nos procedimentos barrocos, compreendidos como operadores entre a cultura e a publicidade. O objetivo é estudar a atualização das ferramentas de persuasão utilizadas na construção de mensagens publicitárias, através da retórica clássica, da análise do emprego dos recursos pesuasivos visuais, levados a efeito pelo movimento barroco, e do emprego dos recursos persuasivos verbo-visuais, levados a efeito pela propaganda nazista. Dois tipos de atualização retórica foram considerados: intratextual, que trata das questões estruturais das mensagens, e contextual, que analisa as questões culturais. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamento de anúncios, e o quadro teórico inclui a semiótica da cultura, a semiótica peirceana e as teorias sobre o barroco, sobre o neo-barroco e sobre a mestiçagem cultural
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Zappe, Jana Gonçalves. "Comportamento de risco na adolescência : aspectos pessoais e contextuais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115076.
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Esta tese apresenta um conjunto de estudos que investigaram a manifestação de comportamentos de risco na adolescência e as relações com variáveis de risco e proteção pessoais e contextuais. Engloba uma revisão sistemática de literatura, que identificou os comportamentos de risco mais investigados; um artigo que apresenta o processo de construção e análise do Índice de Comportamento de Risco (ICR); dois artigos empíricos construídos a partir do ICR; e um capítulo com o relato da experiência de devolução dos resultados da pesquisa em diferentes contextos. A versão final do ICR foi composta por 17 itens, que avaliam conjuntamente o uso de substâncias, comportamento sexual de risco, comportamento antissocial e comportamento suicida, com consistência interna satisfatória (α=0.84). Quanto aos estudos empíricos, um deles investigou o engajamento em comportamentos de risco e suas relações com fatores de risco e proteção, e o outro investigou longitudinalmente adolescentes que vivem em diferentes contextos: família, acolhimento institucional e instituições para cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas. Foi possível identificar que o comportamento de risco assume características diferenciadas conforme o contexto de inserção dos adolescentes, além de variações por idade e sexo, e que está associado com violência intra e extrafamiliar, eventos estressores, relações com a família, escola e religião, ter amigos próximos ou familiares que usam drogas e autoeficácia. Conclui-se que é preciso intervir minimizando fatores de risco e potencializando fatores de proteção, especialmente em grupos mais vulneráveis como adolescentes institucionalizados.This thesis presents a set of studies that investigated the manifestation of risk behaviors in adolescence and the relationship among risk, personal protection and context variables. Encompasses a systematic literature review that identified risk behaviors investigated further; an article that presents the process of construction and analysis of Risk Behavior Index (RCI); two empirical articles built from the RCI; and a chapter with an experience report of returning the search results in different contexts. The final version of the RCI was composed of 17 items, which jointly assess substance use, risky sexual behavior, antisocial behavior, and suicidal behavior, with satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.84). About the empirical studies, one investigated the engagement in risky behaviors and their relationships with risk and protective factors, and the other investigated longitudinally adolescents living in different contexts: family, institutional care and institutions to abide educational measures. The study identified that the risk behavior takes different characteristics depending on the adolescents’ context, plus variations by age and sex. The risk behavior in adolescents is also associated with intra- and extra-family violence, stressful events, relationships with family, school and religion, have close friends or relatives who use drugs and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the study shows that an intervention is required to minimize risk factors and enhancing protective factors, especially in vulnerable groups such as institutionalized adolescents.
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Barbato, Paulo Roberto. "Determinantes socioeconômicos contextuais associados às perdas dentárias." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123428.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 326799.pdf: 2194423 bytes, checksum: 834f75d74f3f09957604f4d77d0696f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Abstract : Tooth loss are important markers of health status and constitute a portrait of social inequalities. This thesis aims to investigate the association between contextual socioeconomic factors and tooth loss, through a systematic review of the literature on the subject and a cross-sectional study with adults living in Florianópolis. The first article is a systematic review of studies that tested associations between contextual socioeconomic factors and tooth loss. Medline, Embase, and LILACS were searched without restricting publication time and language. We also search at the Brazilian Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) to seek unpublished studies. Bibliographical and methodological studies characteristics were evaluated, besides the associations found. We found 348 articles and after review by independent researchers, remaining six articles included in the systematic review. We also identified an unpublished thesis results. The cross-sectional study aimed to identify the associations between tooth loss and contextual socioeconomic conditions, after adjustment for individual sociodemographic characteristics and availability of fluoridated water. To investigate whether the implementation time of water fluoridation was associated with tooth loss, and test possible cross-level interactions. Data from 1,720 adults, aged 20 to 59 years were analyzed. The number of missing teeth was the outcome. The individual variables included sex, skin colour, years of schooling and per capita family income. As control variables we used age and residence time. The contextual exposures were fluoridated water in years and socioeconomic variable for census tracts. Multilevel logistic regression was performed and tested cross-level interactions. Tooth loss were associated to contextual socioeconomic conditions for residents in the intermediate areas (OR = 1.58 - 95% CI 1.51 to 1.66) and poorer (OR = 1.62 - 95% CI 1.54 to 1.66) and shorter fluoridation (OR = 1.01 - 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02). Interaction between treated water and per capita family income was found. The systematic review indicated that the socioeconomic context interferes in tooth loss. Generally, the largest tooth loss turn up when contextual variables are less favorable to residents. To residents in Florianópolis, the worst contextual socioeconomic conditions were associated with tooth loss and the time of water fluoridation was inversely associated with tooth loss in adulthood.
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Lima, Viviane Avanzi de. "O núcleo mediano da rafe no medo condicionado: aspectos comportamentais, autonômicos e motores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-30032003-114936/.
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Evidências anteriores deste laboratório mostraram que o núcleo mediano da rafe (NMR) está envolvido no controle do condicionamento contextual do medo. Lesão eletrolítica dessa estrutura causa sinais de desinibição comportamental com aumento da atividade locomotora medida no teste de campo aberto. Nesse trabalho, estendemos nossos estudos analisando as respostas comportamentais e autonômicas em um paradigma de condicionamento de medo contextual e clássico (pareamento luz ou som/choque nas patas) em ratos tanto com lesão neuroquímica com N-Methyl-D-Aspartato (NMDA), quanto com microinjeção de 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralina (8-OH-DPAT) no NMR. Os animais receberam microinjeções de NMDA, 8-OH-DPAT ou salina no NMR e foram submetidos ao condicionamento em uma caixa experimental, onde eles receberam dez choques nas patas (0,7 mA, 1 s, intervalo variável entre 10 e 50 s) pareados com contexto, luz ou som (CS). No dia seguinte, os animais foram testados em presença do CS, e o tempo de congelamento, o número de levantamentos, micção e defecação foram registrados. Os animais expostos ao CS apresentaram mais congelamento que ratos controles. Essa resposta de congelamento foi inibida em ratos com lesão com NMDA ou com microinjeção de 8-OH-DPAT no NMR testados no condicionamento contextual ou com pareamento luz/choque, mas não foi alterada em animais submetidos ao condicionamento acústico. No teste de campo aberto, microinjeções de NMDA e 8-OH-DPAT no NMR causaram uma maior atividade locomotora do que o grupo controle, sem alterar o número de levantamentos. Esses resultados mostram que mecanismos serotonérgicos do NMR estão envolvidos no condicionamento de medo (contexto ou luz como estímulo condicionado). Distintos substratos neurais parecem estar envolvidos no condicionamento do medo a estímulos acústicos.We have shown that the median raphe nucleus (MRN) is involved in the control of contextual fear conditioning. Besides, electrolytic lesion of MRN causes signs of behavioral disinhibition with an increase in the locomotor activity measured in an open field. In this work we extend this study by analyzing the behavioral and autonomic responses in a contextual and classical (light or tone/foot-shock pairings) fear conditioning paradigms in rats with either neurochemical lesion with N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) or microinjected with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) into the MRN. The animals received NMDA, 8-OH-DPAT or saline microinjections into the MRN and were submitted to conditioning trials in an experimental chamber where they received ten foot-shocks (0.7 mA, 1 sec, variable interval between 10 and 50 sec) paired with the context, light or tone. The next day, animals were tested either in the same or in a different experimental chamber in the presence of light or tone, where the duration of freezing, number of rearings, bouts of micturition and number of fecal boli were recorded. Context, light or tone alone caused a significant amount of freezing. This freezing behavior was clearly inhibited in rats with NMDA lesions or with 8-OH-DPAT microinjections in the MRN tested in contextual conditioning or light/foot-shock association, but not in the conditioning fear test with tones. In the open-field test, the NMDA and 8-OH-DPAT microinjections into the MRN caused higher horizontal locomotor activity than control rats without changing the number of rearings. These results clearly show that 5-HT mechanisms of the MRN are involved in the fear conditioning (contextual or light as conditioned stimuli). Distinct neural substrates seem to subserve conditioning fear with acoustic stimuli.
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Espino, Sabrina de Paula. "Present perfect: uma questão de aspecto : um estudo sobre o contexto na compreensão da noção de aspecto subjacente ao present perfect simples em inglês." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5653.
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Previous issue date: 2007-09-27This study approaches the present perfect simple (PP) in English, a verb structure that does not have a semantic equivalent in Brazilian Portuguese language. This fact brings out teaching and learning issues that one occasionally tries to answer. Frequently taught through out of context sentences and treated in grammar and language teaching books in a fragmented way, through confusing and haphazard explanations, this structure is difficult for Brazilian English learners to grasp. Although morphologically similar to the compound past tense in Portuguese, once both are formed by have and the past participle of a given verb, it is acknowledged that these structures do not always operate in the same way. Besides the concept of Tense, the PP also bears strong aspectual information which is rarely taken into consideration in its teaching, but essential for its understanding. With this in mind, this investigation goal was to analyze if a contextual approach facilitates the comprehension of the notion of Aspect underlying the PP. The experiment consisted of two distinct tasks, one structural and another contextual, and also a questionnaire with questions concerning some verb structures. Based on verbal protocols technique, the participants, 20 English language students attending the last year of Language College in two public universities in the state of São Paulo, were instructed to verbalize their thoughts while performing the tasks. The results are favorable to the use of contextual activities in the understanding of the aspectual feature that underlies the meaning of the PP, since this type of approach seems to attenuate the difficulties found by learners when carrying out tasks involving several verb structures, therefore providing greater possibility of focusing in aspectual features and less in temporality.
Este estudo visa a problematizar a questão do ensino-aprendizagem e aquisição do present perfect simples (PP) em inglês, estrutura verbal que não possui equivalente semântico na língua portuguesa. Freqüentemente ensinada de forma fragmentada e abordada em gramáticas e livros didáticos de maneira descontextualizada e por meio de explicações confusas e incompatíveis, tal estrutura é de difícil compreensão para aprendizes brasileiros. Mesmo sendo morfologicamente análoga ao pretérito perfeito composto do português, já que ambas são formadas pelo verbo ter + particípio passado de algum verbo qualquer, sabe-se que elas nem sempre operam da mesma forma. Além da noção de Tempo, o PP carrega também forte informação aspectual, que é raramente abordada em seu ensino, porém essencial para seu entendimento. Com isso em mente, o intuito deste estudo foi analisar em que medida uma abordagem contextual facilita a compreensão da questão de Aspecto subjacente ao PP e a partir disso apontar alguns caminhos para seu ensino. O experimento, realizado com 20 alunos do último ano do curso de Letras com habilitação na língua inglesa de duas universidades públicas do interior de São Paulo, constou de duas tarefas distintas, uma de base estrutural e outra contextual, além de um questionário com perguntas acerca de algumas estruturas verbais. Tendo como base a técnica de protocolos verbais, os participantes foram instruídos a verbalizar seus pensamentos quando realizavam as tarefas. Os resultados obtidos se mostram favoráveis ao uso de atividades contextualizadas no entendimento da noção de Aspecto que abarca o PP, uma vez que esse tipo de tratamento parece amenizar as dificuldades encontradas pelos aprendizes ao realizarem uma tarefa que envolve diversas estruturas verbais, pois proporciona uma maior possibilidade de focar na questão aspectual e menos na temporal.
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Aragonés, Lumeras Maite. "Estudio descriptivo multilingüe del resumen de patente: aspectos contextuales y retóricos." Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993986471/04.
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Veçoso, Fabia Fernandes Carvalho. "Entre absolutismo de direitos humanos e história contextual: aspectos da experiência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-18022013-142609/.
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O objetivo deste estudo é debater a argumentação desenvolvida pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos relativamente ao contexto de transição política na América Latina. Em quatro casos envolvendo violações de direitos perpetradas no Brasil, no Chile, no Peru e no Uruguai por regimes autoritários, a corte determinou a incompatibilidade entre as legislações de anistias adotadas por esses países e os dispositivos da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. Para além de almejar definir a natureza ou o conteúdo de uma possível obrigação internacional de julgar violações de direitos humanos, este estudo analisará o posicionamento da corte enquanto resultado de uma atividade interpretativa que favorece uma determinada maneira de lidar com situações de mudança de regime político e violações. Ou seja, enquanto discurso que reflete uma posição particular do órgão, mas que é apresentado como algo universal. Diversamente do entendimento da corte, o argumento central deste trabalho consiste em afirmar que, em contextos envolvendo mudança de regime e violações de direitos, tanto anistias quanto julgamentos podem ser alternativas justificadas com base em uma perspectiva de direitos humanos. Nesse sentido, não seria possível apontar em abstrato uma ou outra alternativa como a mais adequada, sob pena de adoção de uma preferência ideológica. Em virtude da indeterminação do discurso de direitos humanos, diversas soluções jurídicas podem ser articuladas com o objetivo de promover uma transição política pacífica e a opção pela melhor estratégia só pode ser alcançada contextualmente.This dissertation aims at debating the Inter-American Court of Human Rights reasoning regarding the context of political transition in Latin America. In four cases involving human rights violations perpetrated in Brazil, Chile, Peru and Uruguay by authoritarian regimes, the court has determined that national amnesty laws lack legal effects. With no intention to define the nature or content of a duty to punish in international law, this study will analyse the courts reasoning as a result of an interpretive activity that favours a certain way of dealing with political transitions and human rights violations. That is, a discourse that reflects a particular position of the organ, but is presented as something universal. Differently from the courts approach, the main argument discussed herein is that amnesties and trials can both be justified from a human rights perspective in contexts of regime change and human rights violations. In this setting, it is not possible to indicate a priori one alternative or another as the adequate one without showing an ideological preference. In view of the idea of the indeterminacy of rights, different legal solutions can be articulated to promote a peaceful political transition, and the relative usefulness of one solution can only be determined contextually.
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Basso, Cláudia. "Aspectos pessoais e contextuais favoráveis à permanência de estudantes em cursos técnicos no Pronatec." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128655.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T20:12:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 327708.pdf: 1780940 bytes, checksum: f7f95f2b918acc791fec0b12ebc9e561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
As demandas no mundo do trabalho, dentro da atual conjuntura social e econômica no Brasil, têm-se refletido na educação com a expansão da oferta de cursos de qualificação e formação profissional, em especial no nível técnico. A questão da evasão/permanência dos estudantes nesse nível de ensino vem sendo tema de pesquisa, principalmente na área da educação, porém ainda há carência de estudos sobre os aspectos da permanência e das vivências dos estudantes no curso técnico. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo principal compreender os aspectos pessoais e contextuais da permanência de estudantes da área da tecnologia em cursos técnicos do Pronatec no SENAI/SC. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, contou com uma amostra de 41 participantes, sendo 27 homens (65,8%) e 14 mulheres (34,2%), com idades entre 15 e 34 anos (M=16,0), estudantes do 2º semestre nos cursos Técnico em Informática (34,2%), Técnico em Automação (34,2%) e Técnico em Manutenção e Suporte em Informática (31,6%). Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de um questionário aberto e analisados com base na Grounded Theory. Os resultados apontam que a permanência dos estudantes no curso técnico do Pronatec está relacionada à satisfação, à integração, ao desenvolvimento psicossocial e cognitivo e ao comprometimento com a profissão e o curso, que envolvem aspectos de pré-ingresso, referentes aos determinantes da escolha profissional e do ensino técnico, às expectativas educacionais e às perspectivas dos estudantes sobre seu futuro e carreira, e às vivências pessoais e contextuais durante o curso. Em relação às vivências pessoais, os estudantes referiram a identificação com a profissão e com o curso, as condições físicas e psicológicas e o desenvolvimento de competências cognitivas. Quanto às vivências contextuais mais importantes, foram apontados no ambiente familiar a convivência e relacionamento entre pais e filhos e a percepção de apoio recebido; no ambiente social o apoio de amigos, professores e colegas e os relacionamentos interpessoais; no ambiente educacional a qualidade do curso e o uso de estratégias autorreguladas de aprendizagem e; no aspecto vocacional/profissional,além da identificação com a profissão, as oportunidades do mercado de trabalho e as necessidades de emprego. Também foram apontadas outras variáveis intervenientes, como as dificuldades financeiras, a mudança de cidade e a gratuidade do curso. Esses resultados sugerem a importância de ampliar os estudos na área vocacional e de carreira no contexto do ensino técnico, bem como para o desenvolvimento de práticas de intervenção visando à permanência e êxito do estudante no curso.
Abstract : The demands in the world of work within the current economic and social context in Brazil have been reflected in education with the expansion of training courses and training, particularly at the technical level. The issue of evasion / permanence of students at this level of education have been a topic of research, mainly in the education area, but there is still a lack of studies on aspects of the permanence and the experiences of students in technical courses. In that sense, this research was aimed at understanding the personal and contextual aspects of the permanence of students in the area of technology in technical courses Pronatec at SENAI/SC. The research of a qualitative nature, involved a sample of 41 participants, 27 men (65.8%) and 14 women (34.2%) aged between 15 and 34 years (M = 16.0), students the 2nd semester in Computer Technician (34.2%), Automation Technician (34.2%) and Technician Maintenance and Support in IT (31.6%) courses. The data were collected from within the application of an open questionnaire and analyzed based on Grounded Theory. The results show that students' stay in the technical course Pronatec is related to satisfaction, integration, psychosocial and cognitive development and commitment to the profession and the course involving aspects of pre-entry relating to the determinants of career choice and technical education, educational expectations and perspectives of students about their future and career and personal and contextual experiences during the course. Regarding personal experiences, students reported the identification with the profession and the course, the physical and psychological conditions and the development of cognitive skills. Regarding the most important contextual experiences were pointed in the familiar environment interaction and relationship between parents and children and the perception of support received; social environment in the support of friends, teachers and colleagues, and interpersonal relationships; educational environment in the quality of the course and the use of self regulated learning strategies and, in the vocational/professional look beyond identification with the profession, the opportunities in the labor market and employment needs. Have also been identified other intervening variables such as financial difficulties, changing the city and gratuity course. These results suggest the importance of broadening their studies in vocational area and career in the technical context and to the development of intervention practices aiming at the permanence and student success in the course.
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Gilliard, Jérôme. "Les conduites tabagiques : leurs facettes et leurs déterminants contextuels et individuels." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21016.
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Un premier questionnaire de 42 items, construit à partir d'échelles pré-existantes a été administre à 180 fumeurs français (90 fumeurs et 90 fumeuses) de cigarettes une analyse en composantes principales suivie de rotations vari max a été appliquée à leurs réponses. Elle a permis d'isoler quatre facteurs, expliquant près de 52% de la variance totale : la dépendance, la dimension sociale, la régulation des affects négatifs, la recherche de plaisir. Ainsi, un questionnaire définitif (qct2) a été construit à partir des meilleurs items (28 items), outil dont les qualités métrologiques se sont avérées satisfaisantes. Ces dimensions du comportement tabagique sont prédites par certaines caractéristiques sociodémographiques des sujets (l'âge, la situation familiale, l'ancienneté du tabagisme, le fait d'avoir des proches fumeurs et l'âge de la 1ere cigarette), par certains indicateurs de dépendance (le score au test de Fagerstrom, les stades atteints dans le processus tabagique et le type de cigarettes fumées) et par certains traits de personnalité (l'anxiété-trait, la dépression-trait et trois composantes de la recherche de sensations). Enfin, certaines stratégies de coping (stratégies émotionnelles) ont un effet direct et un effet médiateur sur le comportement tabagique de recherche de plaisir. Mieux connaitre le profil comportemental de chaque fumeur pourrait permettre de personnaliser les techniques de sevrage tabagique et accroitre leur efficacité.
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Somacarrera, Pilar. "Aspectos cohesivo-coherentes y contextuales en la narrativa breve de Joyce Carol Oates." Salamanca : Ed. Universidad de Salamanca, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37679577z.
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Reddy, Sasiragha Priscilla Meyer-Weitz Anna Galloway Michelle. "Sense and sensibilities the psychosocial and contextual determinants of STD-related behaviour /." Tygerberg : Maastricht : Corporate Communication Division, Medical Research Council ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7212.
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Esnard, Catherine. "Rationalités et jugement social : une étude des déterminants contextuels du jugement social policier." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR20870.
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La question de validité des conduites évaluatives et jugements sociaux exprimés au quotidien par les "professionnels de la relation à autrui" doit-elle se poser à l'aune des critères normatifs de la scientificité ? En réinterrogeant les paradigmes classiques de la perception sociale, la cognition sociale s'oriente désormais vers une conception pluridimensionnelle des modes de connaissances et de nouvelles réflexions sur la rationalité des inférences, les logiques de la pensée sociale et les stratégies du jugement social. Cette recherche a pour objectif d'analyser certains facteurs contextuels susceptibles de conditionner l'adoption d'une des 2 dimensions principales de la rationalité : la logique scientifique et la logique pragmatique, dans l'élaboration du jugement social professionnel. Cette problématique est appliquée ici dans le cadre d'une enquête pénale policière. L'étude utilisant la méthodologie du cas fictif, a porté sur une population de 252 gardiens de la paix. Les résultats mettent en évidence la prédominance d'une logique policière pragmatique caractérisée par la confirmation d'hypothèse fondée non seulement sur une lecture procédurale des faits mais aussi sur une 1ère impression d'autrui. Cette stratégie pragmatique est modulée au profit d'une stratégie de falsification d'hypothèse lorsque le contexte de jugement mobilise des facteurs cognitivo-motivationnels liés à la responsabilisation et à la visibilité sociale du jugement. Elle est renforcée dans sa dimension personnologique lorsque le contexte contribue à estomper ces mêmes facteurs. En définitive, seuls les facteurs contingents au contexte de jugement actualisent une flexibilité cognitive chez les policiers alors que leurs particularités positionnelles (grade, ancienneté) et idéologiques n'ont qu'un faible impact sur les stratégies rationnelles du jugement social policier. À titre d'hypothèse, une modélisation de la dynamique interne du jugement social professionnel est proposéeShould the question of validity of evaluative behavior and social judgments expressed daily by "professionals of the relation in others" be measured by normative criteria of a scientific nature ? In reexamining the classic paradigms of social perception, social cognition thus turns to a multidimensional conception of the modes of knowledge as well as towards new paths of reflection for "rationality of the inferences" (Drozda-Senkowska, 1995), logics of social thought and strategies of social judgment. In this perspective, this research has for objective the analysis of certain contextual factors susceptible of conditioning acceptance of one of the two main dimensions of rationality : scientific logic and pragmatic logic, in the elaboration of professional social judgment. This problem is applied here to the social judgment expressed within the framework of a police penal inquiry. This quasi-experimental study, using a methodology of a fictitious case, concerned a population of 252 police officer patrolmen. Results show a predominance of pragmatic police logic characterized by a hypothesis confirmed not only based on a procedural interpretation of the facts but also on first impressions of others. This pragmatic strategy is modulated benefiting an analytical strategy of a fase hypothesis when the context of judgment mobilizes cognitive and motivational factors connected to the accountability and social visibility of the judgment. It is reinforced in its personalized dimension when the context mitigates these same factors. Definitively, only the contingent factors in the context of judgment bring to date a cognitive flexibility of the policemen while their job related (rank, seniority) and ideological particularities have only a weak impact on the rational strategies of police social judgment. As hypothesis, a modelling of the internal dynamics of professional social judgment is proposed
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Moreira, Rafael da Silveira. "Perda dentária em adultos e idosos no Brasil: a influência de aspectos individuais, contextuais e geográficos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-08012010-093149/.
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Introdução - As transições demográfica e epidemiológica vêm gerando mudanças no perfil sanitário de vários países. Dentre os vários campos da saúde, a saúde bucal expressa pela perda dentária encontra-se em situação preocupante. Objetivo - Identificar os fatores individuais e contextuais associados à perda dentária de adultos e idosos no Brasil e as características da distribuição espacial desses fatores. Métodos - Foram utilizados dados secundários do Projeto SB Brasil 2003, em que foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico das condições de saúde bucal da população brasileira. Neste inquérito foi utilizada a técnica de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados, realizada em três estágios, totalizando 13.431 adultos entre 35 e 44 anos e 5.349 idosos entre 65 e 74 anos. A metodologia de análise empregou um modelo multinível de abordagem e a associação foi medida pela Razão de Médias e Razão de Prevalências, brutas e ajustadas. Utilizou-se a técnica de Processo Analítico Hierárquico (Analytical Hierarchy Process - AHP) e testes de dependência espacial para conhecer a distribuição espacial dos fatores associados à perda dentária. Resultados - Entre os adultos, as variáveis contextuais associadas com maior perda dentária foram: baixo número de cirurgiões-dentistas por mil habitantes (nível regional), maior número de exodontias por habitante (nível estadual) e municípios com menor porte populacional (nível municipal). As variáveis individuais associadas à perda dentária foram: maior número de pessoas por cômodo, ter consultado o cirurgião-dentista alguma vez na vida, há três anos ou mais e por motivo de dor, não ter recebido informações sobre prevenção de doenças bucais, ser do sexo feminino e a idade maior. Entre os idosos, duas análises foram feitas. Na primeira análise, as variáveis contextuais associadas ao edentulismo funcional foram as mesmas encontradas nos adultos, exceto o porte populacional. Na segunda análise, as variáveis contextuais associadas à menor necessidade de prótese total foram: maior taxa de primeira consulta odontológica programática (nível regional), da média de anos de estudo (nível estadual) e do porte municipal. Morar na área rural, maior número de pessoas por cômodo, ter tido a última consulta odontológica em serviço público, ser do sexo masculino, nãobranco e idade mais avançada foram associados à necessidade de prótese total. A análise espacial revelou áreas de risco estatisticamente significantes para a perda dentária e para a necessidade de prótese total. Conclusões - O estudo revelou os principais aspectos contextuais e individuais associados com maior perda dentária. A combinação espacial simultânea desses atributos gerou mapas de predisposição para a perda dentária e necessidade de prótese total que podem nortear as ações de Saúde Bucal Coletiva.Introduction - The demographic and epidemiological transitions are causing changes in the health profile worldwide. Among the various areas of health care, oral health expressed by tooth loss is in a precarious situation. Objective - The objective was thus to identify the individual and contextual factors associated with tooth-loss in adults and the elderly in Brazil and the characteristics of the spatial distribution of these factors. Methods - Secondary data from the 2003 SB Brasil Project were used. This was an epidemiological survey of the oral health of the Brazilian population. The study used the technique of probability sampling by clusters, in three stages, covering 13,431 adults aged between 35 and 44 years old and 5,349 elderly individuals aged between 65 and 74 years. A multilevel analysis was employed and the degree of association was measured using the crude and adjusted mean and prevalence ratios. The Analytical Hierachy Process (AHP) technique was used to ascertain the spatial distribution of factors associated with tooth- loss, along with tests of spatial dependence. Results - Among adults, the contextual variables associated with increased tooth-loss were: a lower number of dentists per thousand inhabitants (at regional level), an increased number of tooth extractions per capita (at state level) and a smaller population size (at municipal level). The individual variables associated with tooth-loss were: a greater number of individuals living in the same room, never having consulted a dentist, having consulted a dentist three years or more ago and because of pain, not having received information on prevention of dental diseases, being female, and increased age. A further two analyses were carried out for the elderly group. In the first analysis, the contextual variables associated with functional edentulism were found to be the same in adults, with the exception of the population size. Living in rural areas and being female were associated with functional edentulism. In the second analysis, the contextual variables associated with reduced need for total prosthesis were: greater coverage of the first dental consult program (at regional level), average number of years of schooling (at state level) and population size. Living in rural areas, a greater number of individuals per room, having had the last dental consultation in the public sector, being male, non-white and of greater age were associated with the need for total prosthesis. Spatial analysis shows critical areas of risk for tooth loss. Conclusions - The study revealed the key contextual and individual aspects associated with greater tooth-loss. The combination of simultaneous spatial attributes generated maps showing the geographical predisposition to tooth loss and the need for total prosthesis that will be able to guide the work of those working in the area of Collective Oral Health.