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Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous fiber reinforced composites'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Zaleha, M., M. Shahruddin, and I. Maizlinda Izwana. "A Review on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.276.

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Research on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fibre in fiber reinforced composites have received more interest and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibre presents many advantages compared to synthetic fibers which make them attractive as reinforcements in composite material. They come from abundant and renewable resources, which ensures a continuous fibre supply and a significant material cost saving to the plastics, automotive and packaging industries. The paper reviews the previous and current research works published in the field of natural fiber reinforced composite material with special reference in mechanical properties of the natural fiber reinforced composite.

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Brunner, Andreas J. "OS09W0086 Fracture mechanics research in continuous fiber reinforced composites." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS09W0086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os09w0086.

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Dannemann, Martin, Sebastian Siwek, Niels Modler, André Wagenführ, and Johannes Tietze. "Damping Behavior of Thermoplastic Organic Sheets with Continuous Natural Fiber-Reinforcement." Vibration 4, no. 2 (2021): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration4020031.

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In the field of lightweight construction, the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composites has been increasingly discussed. Additionally, the damping properties of natural fibers are known from fiber materials such as fiber insulation boards. In the scope of the work presented here, the focus is on identifying the potential of natural fibers for lightweight structures with high vibration damping capacity. For this purpose, test specimens made of flax fiber-reinforced and glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites were manufactured and characterized. Contrary to expectations, the flax fiber-reinforced composite exhibited an almost isotropic damping characteristic. A comparison of the damping and stiffness properties determined by measurement confirms the high potential of natural fiber-reinforced materials for lightweight structures with high damping.

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Dan-mallam, Yakubu, Mohamad Zaki Abdullah, and Puteri Sri Melor Megat Yusoff. "Mechanical Properties of Short and Continuous Kenaf/Pet Fibre Reinforced Polyoxymethylene Composite." Advanced Composites Letters 24, no. 4 (2015): 096369351502400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351502400404.

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The challenges of improving the mechanical properties of natural fibre composites cannot be over emphasized due to fibre geometry, poor fiber distribution in the matrix, the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers and poor fibre–matrix interfacial adhesion. The primary objective of this research is to study the influence of fibre length on mechanical properties of kenaf/PET fibre reinforced POM and to study the effect of hybridization on mechanical properties of the composites. The composites were produced by compression molding and subsequently subjected to tensile, flexural and impact tests according to their respective ASTM standards. The tensile strength of short POM/kenaf/PET (80/10/10) hybrid composite dropped by approximately 33% from 61.8 MPa to 41.3 MPa compared to neat POM. However, the tensile strength of continuous POM/kenaf composites increased significantly by approximately 127% and 107% for 70/30 and 80/20 compositions compared to neat POM. The flexural moduli of short POM/kenaf/PET (70/15/15) hybrid composite and continuous POM/kenaf (70/30) composite improved by approximately 41% and 29%, respectively. The impact strength substantially increased by nearly 161% in continuous POM/kenaf/PET (70/15/15) hybrid composite and 30% in POM/kenaf (80/20) composite. The results show that tensile, flexural and impact properties of the continuous POM/kenaf composites are superior to the short fiber composites, and the influence of hybridization, made a positive impact by enhancing the flexural and impact properties of the composites.

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Liaw, Peter K. "Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 21, no. 6 (1998): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1998.9670429.

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Liang, Zhifang, Hongwu Wu, Ruipu Liu, and Caiquan Wu. "Preparation of Long Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposites with Highly Improved Mechanical Performance." Polymers 13, no. 7 (2021): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071124.

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Green biodegradable plastics have come into focus as an alternative to restricted plastic products. In this paper, continuous long sisal fiber (SF)/polylactic acid (PLA) premixes were prepared by an extrusion-rolling blending process, and then unidirectional continuous long sisal fiber-reinforced PLA composites (LSFCs) were prepared by compression molding to explore the effect of long fiber on the mechanical properties of sisal fiber-reinforced composites. As a comparison, random short sisal fiber-reinforced PLA composites (SSFCs) were prepared by open milling and molding. The experimental results show that continuous long sisal fiber/PLA premixes could be successfully obtained from this pre-blending process. It was found that the presence of long sisal fibers could greatly improve the tensile strength of LSFC material along the fiber extension direction and slightly increase its tensile elongation. Continuous long fibers in LSFCs could greatly participate in supporting the load applied to the composite material. However, when comparing the mechanical properties of the two composite materials, the poor compatibility between the fiber and the matrix made fiber’s reinforcement effect not well reflected in SSFCs. Similarly, the flexural performance and impact performance of LSFCs had been improved considerably versus SSFCs.

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Yang, Qiao-chu, Qin Zhang, Su-su Gong, and San-ya Li. "Study on the flexure performance of fine concrete sheets reinforced with textile and short fiber composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927502006.

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In order to study the influences of the contents of short fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete matrix, the properties of compressive, flexure and splitting of concrete matrix reinforced by alkali resistant glass fiber and calcium carbonate whisker were tested. To study the reinforced effect of different scale fibers on the flexure behavior of fine concrete sheets, the flexural tests of concrete sheet of fine concrete reinforced with basalt fiber mesh and short fiber composites were carried out. The results show that the properties of the compressive, flexure and splitting of fine concrete reinforced with appropriate amount of alkali resistant glass fiber and carbonate whisker are improved compared with that of concrete reinforced by one type of fiber. The flexure properties of the concrete sheets are improved obviously when continuous fiber textile and short fiber composite are adopted to reinforce.

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Schneibel, J. H., E. P. George, C. G. McKamey, E. K. Ohriner, M. L. Santella, and C. A. Carmichael. "Fabrication and tensile properties of continuous-fiber reinforced Ni3Al–Al2O3 composites." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 8 (1991): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1673.

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Continuous-fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites consisting of Ni3Al alloys and Saphikon Al2O3 single crystal fibers were fabricated by hot-pressing of fiber-foil lay-ups. Two matrix compositions were employed, namely, IC50 (Ni–22.5Al–0.5Zr–0.1B, at. %) and IC396M (Ni–15.9Al–8.0Cr–0.5Zr–1.7Mo–0.02B, at. %). Etching of the foils in aqueous FeCl3 solution prior to lay-up and hot-pressing tended to improve fiber-matrix bonding and the density-normalized room temperature yield stress. Whereas strength improvements for the IC50 matrix were only moderate, significant improvements were found for an IC396M composite reinforced with 10 vol. % of Saphikon fibers.

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Dou, Hao, Yunyong Cheng, Wenguang Ye, et al. "Effect of Process Parameters on Tensile Mechanical Properties of 3D Printing Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PLA Composites." Materials 13, no. 17 (2020): 3850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173850.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites offer excellent tensile mechanical properties. The present study aimed to research the effect of process parameters on the tensile mechanical properties of 3D printing composite specimens through a series of mechanical experiments. The main printing parameters, including layer height, extrusion width, printing temperature, and printing speed are changed to manufacture specimens based on the modified fused filament fabrication 3D printer, and the tensile mechanical properties of 3D printing continuous carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites are presented. By comparing the outcomes of experiments, the results show that relative fiber content has a significant impact on mechanical properties and the ratio of carbon fibers in composites is influenced by layer height and extrusion width. The tensile mechanical properties of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced composites gradually decrease with an increase of layer height and extrusion width. In addition, printing temperature and speed also affect the fiber matrix interface, i.e., tensile mechanical properties increase as the printing temperature rises, while the tensile mechanical properties decrease when the printing speed increases. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanism on the tensile mechanical properties is that external loads subjected to the components can be transferred to the carbon fibers through the fiber-matrix interface. Additionally, SEM images suggest that the main weakness of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced 3D printing composites exists in the fiber-matrix interface, and the main failure is the pull-out of the fiber caused by the interface destruction.

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Monteiro, Sergio Neves, Frederico Muylaert Margem, Wellington Pereira Inácio, Artur Camposo Pereira, and Michel Picanço Oliveira. "Tensile Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Continuous Sisal Fibers." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.284.

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The tensile properties of DGEBA/TETA epoxy matrix composites reinforced with different amounts of sisal fibers were evaluated. Composites reinforce with up to 30% in volume of long, continuous and aligned sisal fibers were room temperature tested in an Instron machine. The fracture was analyzed by SEM. The results showed significant changes in the mechanical properties with the amount of sisal fibers. These mechanical properties were compared with other bend-tested composites results. The fracture analysis revealed a weak fiber/matrix interface, which could be responsible for the performance of some properties.

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Aydaraliev, Zh, M. Abdiev, and Yu Ismanov. "Two-layer Composite Reinforced With Basalt Fibers of Various Lengths." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/54/01.

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The article considers the issues of creating composites using long, continuous structures along the entire length of the structure, and short basalt fibers, and, based on them, multilayer composite materials as reinforcement. A mathematical description of the strength properties of multilayer composite materials based on layers of composites using long, continuous along the entire length of the structure, and short basalt fibers as reinforcement is considered. The results of theoretical studies showed that the multilayer composite material has improved properties. The first layer of material, which is a layer of reinforcement made of continuous fibers, provides tensile and bending strength. The second layer of composite material provides thermal insulation properties and compressive and deformation strength. This layer consists of a composite whose reinforcement is short fibers. It is shown that a multilayer composite material, which is a combination of composites created on the basis of long continuous and short fibers, works as a single system. The first layer of the composite, created on the basis of continuous fibers, works in tension and bending, the second layer, created on the basis of short fibers, determines the strength characteristics during compression and deformation. In order to confirm the theoretical results, work was carried out to create composites based on long and short basalt fibers. When creating a layered composite, a heat-insulating plate was used as the first component, which was reinforced with pieces of basalt fiber. For the production of such plates, a plant was developed to obtain pieces of basalt fiber and further uniform distribution of these pieces in a composite plate. A multilayer composite material with improved properties based on long and short basalt fibers is obtained. The composite slab was reinforced with a mesh assembled from continuous basalt fibers.

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MacKay, R. A., P. K. Brindley, and F. H. Froes. "Continuous fiber-reinforced titanium aluminide composites." JOM 43, no. 5 (1991): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220564.

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Wang, Yesong, Dekun Kong, Qing Zhang, Wei Li, and Jiang Liu. "Process parameters and mechanical properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced composites-polylactic acid by fused deposition modeling." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 40, no. 17-18 (2021): 686–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684421998017.

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This article focuses on 3D printing of continuous glass fiber reinforced composites-polylactic acid by fused deposition modeling. An innovative continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printer and self-made continuous glass fiber reinforced filament-polylactic acid are applied to study the influences of process parameters including printing temperature, speed, layer height, and fiber volume fraction on mechanical properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced composites-polylactic acid printing samples. Tensile and three-point bending tests are carried out to explore the mechanical responses of printed samples. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced composites-polylactic acid printing samples are better than those of polylactic acid samples. The tensile and flexural strengths of the specimens are increased by 400% and 204% when the fiber volume fractions are about 5.21% and 6.24%, respectively. The microscopic observations of the fracture surfaces of the tensile samples are also conducted to analyze the influences of layer heights on tensile strength and failure mechanism.

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KWON, OH-HEON, and JI-WOONG KANG. "THE STRESS ANALYSIS AND THE CRACK BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE INTERFACIAL REGION IN FIBER REINFORCED MMC." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (2006): 4457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041513.

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High performance composite reinforced with unidirectional continuous fibers are used in applications requiring high stiffness, high strength and light weight. Because of the high stiffness of the reinforced continuous fiber, the longitudinal performance of such unidirectional composites is greatly enhanced, but their transverse performance is so weak. The nature of the fiber/matrix interface is one of the important factors which determine the unique properties of the fiber reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs). So, the current study is focused on the fracture behavior of the interface. Both stress state of the interface and crack parameters of the perpendicular crack to the interface for unidirectional fiber reinforced metal matrix composites under the transverse loading are investigated by using elastic-plastic finite element analysis. Different fiber volume fractions (5~60%) and arrangement (square and hexagon) of fibers were studied numerically. The fiber/matrix interface was treated as multi thin layer with different material properties. The fiber is assumed as linear elastic SiC and the matrix is assumed as elastic-plastic Ti -15-3 Titanium alloy. The results show that the stress distributions of the multi thin layer model have much less changes compared with a single interface case. And the properties of the interfacial zone affect the stress distribution, crack behavior and mechanical behavior of the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite.

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Yao, Yuan, Meng Li, Maximilian Lackner, and Lammer Herfried. "A Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Additive Manufacturing Processing Based on PET Fiber and PLA." Materials 13, no. 14 (2020): 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143044.

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Continuous fiber-reinforced manufacturing has many advantages, but the fabrication cost is high and its process is difficult to control. This paper presents a method for printing fiber-reinforced composite on the common fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform. Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are used as printing materials. A spatial continuous toolpath planning strategy is employed to reduce the workload of post-processing without cutting the fiber. Experimental results show that this process not only enables the printing of models with complex geometric shapes but also supports material recycling and reuse. A material recovery rate of 100% for continuous PET fiber and 83% for PLA were achieved for a better environmental impact. Mechanical tests show that the maximum tensile strength of continuous PET fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (PFRTPCs) is increased by 117.8% when compared to polyamide-66 (PA66).

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Ho, C. T., and D. D. L. Chung. "Carbon fiber reinforced tin-superconductor composites." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 6 (1989): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.1339.

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Unidirectional and continuous carbon fiber tin-matrix composites were used for the packaging of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7–δ by diffusion bonding at 170 °C and 500 psi. Tin served as the adhesive and to increase the ductility, the normal-state electrical conductivity, and the thermal conductivity. Carbon fibers served to increase the strength and the modulus, both in tension along the fiber direction and in compression perpendicular to the fiber layers, though they decreased the strength in compression along the fiber direction. Carbon fibers also served to increase the thermal conductivity and the thermal fatigue resistance. At 24 vol. % fibers, the tensile strength was approximately equal to the compressive strength perpendicular to the fiber layers. With further increase of the fiber content, the tensile strength exceeded the compressive strength perpendicular to the fiber layers, reaching 134 MPa at 31 vol. % fibers. For fiber contents less than 30 vol. %, the compressive ductility perpendicular to the fiber layers exceeded that of the plain superconductor. At 30 vol. % fibers, the tensile modulus reached 15 GPa at room temperature and 27 GPa at 77 K. The tensile load was essentially sustained by the carbon fibers and the superconducting behavior was maintained after tension almost to the point of tensile fracture. Neither Tc nor Jc was affected by the composite processing.

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Asano, Kazunori, Hiroyuki Yoneda, and Kenji Higashi. "Machinability of Short Potassium Titanate Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.36.

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Short potassium titanate fibers were selected as the reinforcements to obtain the machinable aluminum alloy composites. The composites were fabricated by squeeze casting, and the turning machinability of the composites was investigated. The whisker-reinforced composites were also fabricated to compare their properties with the fiber-reinforced composites. The cutting force was lowered by the reinforcement, and that of the fiber-reinforced composite was lower than that of the whisker-reinforced composites. The roughness of the machined surface was lowered by the reinforcement. This result and the in situ observation of cutting process indicate that the reinforcements in the composite suppress the formation of the built-up edge. Continuous chips were formed after cutting the unreinforced alloy, while serrated chips were formed after cutting the composites. Under the standard condition for the finishing cut of nonferrous metals, the composite can be machined for a long time without changing the carbide tool.

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Scarpini Cândido, Verônica, Michel Picanço Oliveira, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Dynamic-Mechanical Performance of Sponge Gourd Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.203.

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The engineering applications of natural materials to replace synthetic ones has marked increased in past decades owing to environmental, societal and economical issues. Among these natural materials, the lignocellulosic fibers obtained from plants are successfully being used as polymer composites reinforcement is substitution of the traditional glass fiber. One relatively unknown lignocellulosic fiber with potential for composite reinforcement is that extracted from the sponge gourd. In the present work, the dynamic-mechanical performance of unsaturated orthophtalic polyester matrix composites was evaluated for different volume fractions of continuous and aligned sponge gourd fiber reinforcement. The results revealed that an increasing incorporation of sponge gourd fiber improved the composite viscoelastic stiffness, while decreasing its glass transition temperature.

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Ning,, Xinguo, Michael R. Lovell, and, and William S. Slaughter. "Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Contact Behavior of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 2 (2003): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1510875.

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Using an explicit expression for the Barnett-Lothe tensors, an analytical method is introduced for determining the contact characteristics of anisotropic composite materials. The influence of arbitrary fiber orientations on the contact pressure distribution for unidirectional continuous fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is investigated. To demonstrate the proposed analytical method, the frictional sliding contact between a unidirectional FRP composites and a rigid parabolic cylinder is analyzed. Based on the theoretical results for different fiber orientation angles, the relationships between the contact characteristics of fiber-reinforced plastics and their tribological performance are analyzed and discussed.

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Markovičová, Lenka, Viera Zatkalíková, and Patrícia Hanusová. "Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0037.

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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials offer greater rigidity and strength than any other composites, but are much more expensive than e.g. glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Continuous fibers in polyester give the best properties. The fibers carry mechanical loads, the matrix transfers the loads to the fibers, is ductile and tough, protect the fibers from handling and environmental damage. The working temperature and the processing conditions of the composite depend on the matrix material. Polyesters are the most commonly used matrices because they offer good properties at relatively low cost. The strength of the composite increases along with the fiber-matrix ratio and the fiber orientation parallel to the load direction. The longer the fibers, the more effective the load transfer is. Increasing the thickness of the laminate leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite and the modulus of strength, since the likelihood of the presence of defects increases. The aim of this research is to analyze the change in the mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The polymer composite consists of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The change in compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation was evaluated. At the same time, the influence of the wet environment on the change of mechanical properties of the composite was evaluated.

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Li, Yan Ru, Hai Bo Jiang, and Wan Shan Chen. "Calculation of Transverse Poisson’s Ratio of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1805.

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This paper proposed a calculation model of transverse Poisson's ratio of continuous fiber reinforced composite, in which the fibers are centrally arranged in a representative volume element. According to the equivalent strain rule of matrix and fiber in fiber direction, the formula of transverse Poisson's ratio was deduced by mathematical method, which shows that the transverse Poisson's ratio of the composite material is associated with the Poisson's ratios and the elastic modulus of fiber and matrix. It was shown by an example that the transverse Poisson's ratio of composite was less than the weighted average number of the Poisson's ratios of fiber and matrix , even less than the matrix Poisson's ratio in a large range. The minimum value indicates that the fibers obviously resist longitudinal deformation under the transverse force.

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Bambach, Mike R. "Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers." Fibers 8, no. 10 (2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8100062.

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Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the use of natural fibers in continuous fiber reinforced composites, such as flax, jute and hemp. Considering potential applications, it is of particular interest how natural fiber composites compare to synthetic fiber composites, such as glass and carbon, and if natural fibers can replace synthetic fibers in existing applications. Many studies have made direct comparisons between natural and synthetic fiber composites via material coupon testing; however, few studies have made such direct comparisons of full structural members. This study presents compression tests of geometrically identical structural channel sections fabricated from fiber-epoxy composites of flax, jute, hemp, glass and carbon. Glass fiber composites demonstrated superior tension material coupon properties to natural fiber composites. However, for the same fiber mass, structural compression properties of natural fiber composite channels were generally equivalent to, or in some cases superior to, glass fiber composite channels. This indicates there is substantial potential for natural fibers to replace glass fibers in structural compression members. Carbon fiber composites were far superior to all other composites, indicating little potential for replacement with natural fibers.

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Lin, P. J. "Effective Transverse Elastic Properties of Composites Containing Two Types of Continuous Fibers." Journal of Mechanics 23, no. 4 (2007): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001362.

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AbstractBased the previously published model on the two-dimensional micromechanical fiber interaction framework of two-phase composites, effective transverse elastic properties of composites containing two types of randomly located yet unidirectionally aligned circular fibers are studied in this paper. Approximate local solutions for the interaction problem of two randomly located circular fibers of different elastic properties are presented. A fiber-reinforced composite material containing two extreme types of inclusions, voids and rigid fibers, is also investigated. Comparison with Hashin's variational bounds and Mori-Tanaka method, the current approach provides reasonably accurate predictions for three-phase composites. Finally, numerical simulation examples are implemented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model.

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Tan, Hao, Hong Sheng Tan, Xin Lei Tang, Yan Gang Wang, and Li Ping Li. "Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior for Long Aramid Fiber Reinforced Impact Polypropylene Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1079.

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Composites of continuous aramid fiber reinforced impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) were prepared using a cross-head impregnation mold by self-design fixed on a single screw extruder, and pelleted by a pelleter for injection molding to prepare testing specimens. The mechanical properties of long aramid fibers reinforced impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) composites were studied. Micrographs of fracture surface of tensile specimens and dynamic mechanical behavior for the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results of experiments show that, the tensile and flexural strengths increased obviously with the aramid fibers content in the composites. SEM results show the compatibility between the aramid fiber and matrix is very poor. The results of the dynamic mechanical behavior of long aramid fibers reinforced IPC composites show that the composite deformation resistance and glass transition temperature increased evidently with the addition of aramid fibers.

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Li, Victor C., and Hwai-Chung Wu. "Conditions for Pseudo Strain-Hardening in Fiber Reinforced Brittle Matrix Composites." Applied Mechanics Reviews 45, no. 8 (1992): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119767.

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Apart from imparting increased fracture toughness, one of the useful purposes of reinforcing brittle matrices with fibers is to create enhanced composite strain capacity. This paper reviews the conditions underwhich such a composite will exhibit the pseudo strain-hardening phenomenon. The presentation is given in a unified manner for both continuous aligned and discontinuous random fiber composites. It is demonstrated that pseudo strain-hardening can be practically designed for both types of composites by proper tailoring of material structures.

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Deve, Herve E., and Colin McCullough. "Continuous-fiber reinforced composites: A new generation." JOM 47, no. 7 (1995): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03221227.

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Ning, Xinguo, and Michael R. Lovell. "On the Sliding Friction Characteristics of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 1 (2001): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1398295.

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By applying a closed-form analytical solution Hwu and Fan (1998) for an anisotropic half-plane, the contact characteristics of unidirectional continuous fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are investigated. The particular condition of a rigid parabolic cylinder in normal sliding contact with the composite is evaluated. The influence of FRP composite matrix material, friction coefficient, fiber material, fiber orientation, and fiber volume fraction on the surface contact pressure are determined and evaluated by comparison to published experimental data and results from the finite element method. From the analytical results, several important trends for the contact characteristics of fiber-reinforced plastics are ascertained and discussed with respect to the wear and design-ability of FRP materials.

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Lan, Tian, Li Chao Dong, Zhong Yuan Lu, Shi Feng Guo, Hao Zhang, and Yu Chen Pei. "Influence of Layer Thickness and Continuous Carbon Fiber on the Mechanical Property of 3D Printed Polyamide." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.165.

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3D printed carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) have shown great potential in lightweight application. Here, we report a prepreg carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite by fused filament fabrication 3D printing process. The influence of layer thickness and carbon fiber layers on mechanical properties of 3D printed parts was well studied. With the incorporation of prepreg carbon fibers, the value of tension and flexural strengths of 3D printed CFRP parts could achieve 2.7 and 13.6 times compared to neat polyamide, respectively. Result illustrates that with the prepreg process the carbon fiber have good interface bonding strength with neat polyimide. This work could also be used for more 3D printing composite systems.

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Gu, Jianping, Huiyu Sun, Hao Zeng, and Zhongbing Cai. "Modeling the thermomechanical behavior of carbon fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites under the finite deformation." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 4 (2019): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19888749.

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In this article, a thermoviscoelastic constitutive model is introduced to describe the unidirectional continuous elastic fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites under the finite deformation. Although the shape memory polymers can be used in finite deformations, only a small strain can be applied on the carbon fiber for its small failure tensile strain (about 2%). Using the model, the effective strain of the carbon fiber for the unidirectional continuous carbon fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites can be derived. It is found that the carbon fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites with the fiber inclination angle in a typical range can be used in the finite deformation, without failure of the carbon fiber. Besides, a simplified buckling model is proposed to predict the fiber buckling under axial compression. It is calculated that the buckling critical stress is rather small. Therefore, it should be avoided in application. As for carbon fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites, the bending driving capacity is the crucial property in their applications. Hence, the shape memory effect of the carbon fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composite beam under the finite deformation is also studied here. The findings can be used to provide guidance for the design and application of the carbon fiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites and their structures.

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Panda, Satyajit. "Performance of a short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator in vibration control of functionally graded circular cylindrical shell." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 27, no. 20 (2016): 2774–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16641219.

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For improved flexibility and conformability of piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator, it is reconstructed in a recent study by the use of short piezoelectric fibers (short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite) instead of continuous fibers (continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite). This modification facilitates its application in short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite layer form instead of continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite patch form particularly in case of host structures with highly curved boundary surfaces. But the corresponding change in actuation capability is a major issue for potential application of short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite that is studied in this work through the control of vibration of a functionally graded circular cylindrical shell under thermal environment. First, an arrangement of continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator patches over the host shell surface is presented with an objective of controlling all modes of vibration. Next, the use of short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator layer for similar control activity is demonstrated through an arrangement of electrode patches over its surfaces. Subsequently, an electric potential function is assumed for the consideration of electrode patches and a geometrically nonlinear coupled thermo-electro-mechanical incremental finite element model of the harmonically excited overall functionally graded shell is developed. The numerical results reveal actuation capability of short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator layer with reference to that of the existing continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite/monolithic piezoelectric actuator patches. The effects of temperature, size of electrode patches, properties of piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite, and functionally graded properties on the control activity of short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite/continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator are also presented.

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Monteiro, Sergio Neves, Frederico Muylaert Margem, Jean Igor Margem, Lucas Barbosa De Souza Martins, Caroline Gonçalves Oliveira, and Michel Picanço Oliveira. "Dynamic-Mechanical Behavior of Malva Fiber Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.278.

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Dynamic-mechanical (DMA) tests have not yet been conducted in malva aligned fiber reinforcing polymeric composites. In this work, the temperature dependence of the DMA parameters in polyester matrix composites reinforced with up to 30% in volume of continuous and aligned malva fibers was investigated. These parameters were the storage and the loss modulus as well as the tangent delta. The investigation was conducted in the temperature interval from-20 to 180°C using a Perking-Elmer DMA equipment operating in flexural mode. The results showed that the incorporation of malva fibers tends to increase the viscoelastic stiffness of the polyester matrix. Sensible modifications in the glass transition temperature and the damping capacity of the structure were found with the amount of fiber in the composite. The molecular mobility of the polyester matrix is affected by its interaction with the malva fibers.

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Hu, Chao, Zeyu Sun, Yi Xiao, and Qinghua Qin. "Recent Patents in Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1 (2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666190117131659.

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Background: Additive Manufacturing (AM) enables the accurate fabrication of designed parts in a short time without the need for specific molds and tools. Although polymers are the most widely used raw materials for AM, the products printed by them are inherently weak, unable to sustain large tension or bending stresses. A need for the manufacturing of fiber reinforced composites, especially continuous fiber as reinforcement, has attracted great attention in recent years. Objective: Identifying the progress of the AM of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites over time and therefore establishing a foundation on which current research can be based. Methods: Elaborating the most related patents regarding the AM techniques for fabricating continuous fiber reinforced composites in the top three institutions, including Markforged company, Xi’an Jiaotong University and President and Fellows of Harvard College. Results: The recent patents in AM of continuous fiber reinforced composites are classified into two aspects: patents related to novel technique methods and patents related to novel structures. The current issues and future development of AM-based composites are given. Conclusion: New structures and techniques have been introduced into conventional 3D printers to enable the printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites. However, until now, Markforged is the only company commercializing the fabrication of this kind of composites based on AM technique. Numerous challenges and issues need to be solved so that AM of continuous fiber reinforced composites can be a new manufacturing method.

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Manickavasagam, V. M., B. Vijaya Ramnath, C. Elanchezhian, J. Jenish, S. Jayavel, and V. Muthukumar. "Investigation on Impact and Compression Properties of Pineapple Reinforced Polymer Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.116.

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The Natural fiber composites form a combination of plant derived fibers with plastic binders (Polymer matrices). The fibers form the fillers or reinforcements of the composite and the matrix is the continuous phase. In general, fibers are principal load carrying members while the surrounding matrix keeps them in the desired position, acts as a load transfer medium between them. So fibers with good strength and modulus and having good bonding with matrix should be used to a produce a good quality composite material [1-3]. The mechanical efficiency of a fiber composite depends on the adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement [4-7]. This paper is to evaluate impact and compression properties of pineapple fiber based reinforced composite with epoxy resin as matrix.

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DiCarlo, J. A., and H. M. Yun. "Modeling the Thermostructural Capability of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composites." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 3 (2002): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1470480.

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There exists today considerable interest in developing continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC) that can operate as hot-section components in advanced gas turbine engines. The objective of this paper is to present simple analytical and empirical models for predicting the effects of time and temperature on CMC tensile rupture under various composite and engine conditions. These models are based on the average rupture behavior measured in air for oxide and SiC-based fibers of current technical interest. For example, assuming a cracked matrix and Larson-Miller rupture curves for single fibers, it is shown that model predictions agree quite well with high-temperature stress-rupture data for SiC/SiC CMC. Rupture models, yet to be validated, are also presented for three other relevant conditions: (a) SiC fibers become oxidatively bonded to each other in a cracked CMC, (b) applied CMC stresses are low enough to avoid matrix cracking, and (c) Si-based CMC are subjected to surface recession in high-temperature combustion gases. The practical implications of the modeling results are discussed, particularly in regard to the optimum fibers and matrices for CMC engine applications and the thermostructural capability of SiC/SiC CMC in comparison to nickel-based superalloys, monolithic ceramics, and oxide/oxide CMC.

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Yang, Chuncheng, Xiaoyong Tian, Tengfei Liu, Yi Cao, and Dichen Li. "3D printing for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: mechanism and performance." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 1 (2017): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2015-0098.

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Purpose Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) are becoming more significant in industrial applications but are limited by the high cost of molds, the manufacturing boundedness of complex constructions and the inability of special fiber alignment. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing process for CFRTPCs to realize the low-cost rapid fabrication of complicated composite components. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the mechanism of the proposed process, which consists of the thermoplastic polymer melting, the continuous fiber hot-dipping and the impregnated composites extruding, was investigated. A 3D printing equipment for CFRTPCs with a novel composite extrusion head was developed, and some composite samples have been fabricated for several mechanical tests. Moreover, the interface performance was clarified with scanning electron microscopy images. Findings The results showed that the flexural strength and the tensile strength of these 10 Wt.% continuous carbon fiber (CCF)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) specimens were improved to 127 and 147 MPa, respectively, far greater than the one of ABS parts and close to the one of CCF/ABS (injection molding) with the same fiber content. Moreover, these test results also exposed the very low interlaminar shear strength (only 2.81 MPa) and the inferior interface performance. These results were explained by the weak meso/micro/nano scale interfaces in the 3D printed composite parts. Originality/value The 3D printing process for CFRTPCs with its controlled capabilities for the orientation and distribution of fiber has great potential for manufacturing of load-bearing composite parts in the industrial circle.

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Wu, Y., and JW Ju. "Elastoplastic damage micromechanics for continuous fiber-reinforced ductile matrix composites with progressive fiber breakage." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 26, no. 1 (2016): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789516655671.

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An elastoplastic damage micromechanical framework considering evolutionary fiber breakage is proposed to predict the overall material behaviors of continuous fiber-reinforced composites with ductile matrix under external loading. In the present work, we assume that the overall nonlinear behavior of a composite is primarily attributed to the plastic deformation in the matrix as well as the damage evolution due to fiber breakage. The effective elastoplastic deformations are governed by means of the effective yield surface derived from a representative microstructure with elastic fibers embedded in an elastoplastic matrix material. The matrix behaves elastically or plastically depending on the local stress, and the effective elastoplastic deformation obeys the associative plastic flow rule and isotropic hardening law. In addition, taking advantage of the eigenstrain due to fiber breakage together with a Weibull statistic model, the evolutionary fiber breakage mechanism is effectively predicted. Finally, the overall elastoplastic stress–strain responses are reached under the framework of micromechanics and damage mechanics. Comparisons between the proposed theoretical predictions and experimental data are performed to illustrate the capability of the proposed framework. In particular, the proposed model is employed to investigate the overall uniaxial and axisymmetric elastoplastic stress–strain responses of the continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites. Studies of the initial yield surfaces at various damage levels are conducted as well.

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Mohammadizadeh, Mahdi, and Ismail Fidan. "Tensile Performance of 3D-Printed Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Nylon Composites." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030068.

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Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a promising technology for production of fiber-reinforced composite parts with complex geometries. Continuous Fiber Reinforced Additively Manufactured (CFRAM) parts are becoming more prominent due to their mechanical performance, light weight, and recyclability. CFRAM components are lighter, yet they are strong materials with a wide range of potential applications in the automotive industry, aerospace, medical tools, and sports goods. The wide range of applications of these novel materials justifies the need to study their properties. Tensile is one of the most important tests to evaluate the mechanical performance of CFRAM parts. In this paper, a comprehensive study is conducted on tensile properties of CFRAM components. The composite parts are printed using a dual nozzle 3D printing machine and their tensile performance is investigated. Furthermore, the effect of fiber type, fiber content, infill density, infill pattern, and layer thickness on tensile properties was studied. Nylon was used as the matrix and Carbon fiber (CF), fiberglass (FG), and Kevlar were used as reinforcing agents. Microstructural analysis was conducted to investigate the fracture mechanism, internal morphology, interlayer adhesion, and the printing quality of specimens. Finally, a comparative study is conducted on the price and printing time of CFRAM parts. It is observed that fiber inclusion increases the tensile strength up to 2200%; moreover, increasing the fiber content improves the tensile performance of composite. The results obtained demonstrate that CF-reinforced parts have better performance compared to FG and Kevlar-reinforced components. The results show that CFRAM parts have potential to replace metals and conventional composites for engineering applications like the automobile industry.

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Yan, Xiaofei, Lichao Yu, and Hua Shen. "Glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites fabricated by direct fiber feeding injection molding." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 5 (2018): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0186.

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Abstract This article investigates the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-glass fiber (GF/PP) composites made using a new injection molding method known as direct fiber feeding injection molding (DFFIM). In the DFFIM process, continuous fibers are directly guided into the barrel of the injection molding machine through the designed vent and are fed into the polymer melt by the shearing motion of the screw of the injection molding machine during the plasticization process. The DFFIM process improves the fiber length and avoids excessive fiber attrition, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties in the composites. The effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of manufactured composite specimens is discussed based on the results of tensile tests, three-point flexural tests, and Izod impact tests. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the fracture surfaces to observe cross-section morphology. There is a fiber agglomeration phenomenon that occurs in the core layer of GF/PP composites made using DFFIM. The number of fiber rovings, number of fiber filaments, matrix feeding speed, and screw speed influence the GF content and distribution in the composites, ultimately affecting the mechanical properties.

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Wei, Sai Nan, and Li Chen. "Applications of Composites on Textile Machinery." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1222.

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High performance fiber reinforced composites have a long history and wide usage in aerospace, sports, military, etc. In this paper applications of composites on textile machinery were elaborated, such as carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) guide bar, composite rapier belt and rapier head in rapier loom, nylon shuttle, carbon fiber composite heddle frame for high-speed looms, transmission shaft, needle bed, conveyor belts. It indicated that the composites can improve the performance obviously. Along with the rapid development of textile, fiber reinforced composites are continuous replacing the traditional materials as cast iron, steel and aluminum textile machine parts, But the applications of composites on textile machinery are still in the initial stage. High price is the major obstruction factor for its development. Through improving the level of automation technology, reducing producing cost, rational design of structure, the producing cost can be sharply reduced, which is also benefit for textile machinery development.

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Shen, De Jun, Zi Sheng Lin, and Yan Fei Zhang. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composite Material of Wood." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.659.

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through the use of domestic carbon fiber cloth and combining domestic fast-growing wood of Larch and poplar wood, the CFRP- wood composite key interface from the composite process, stripping bearing performance, Hygrothermal effect, fracture characteristics and shear creep properties to conducted the system research . Fiber reinforced composite (Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation FRP) material by continuous fibers and resin matrix composite and its types, including carbon fiber reinforced composite (Carbon Fiber Reinforce Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation CFRP), glass fiber reinforced composite (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation GFRP) and aramid fiber reinforced composite (Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation AFRP). PAN based carbon fiber sheet by former PAN wires, PAN raw silk production high technical requirements, its technical difficulty is mainly manifested in the acrylonitrile spinning technique, PAN precursor, acrylonitrile polymerization process with solvent and initiator ratio. Based on this consideration, the subject chosen by domestic PAN precursor as the basic unit of the CFRP as the object of study.

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Sui, Xiao Ming, Xi Liang Xu, Xiao Meng Zheng, Guang Zhi Xu, and Qiang Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composite." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.758.

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Driven by the increasing requirements from aircraft producers, aluminium alloy matrix composites with carbon fiber reinforcement have been largely used in the modern industry. The method of traditional preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites is not only high cost and complex to produce but also difficult to apply in the civilian. The present paper focuses on exploratory study on the preparation of carbon-fiber- reinforced aluminum composites, the intensifying material is continuous long carbon fiber. In order to avoid any interfacial reactions in the carbon fiber reinforced composites, the carbon fibers were coated with copper. We made The tensile samples were made by using the mould, the tensile properties determined, the strengthening mechanism studied, and the carbon fiber in the matrix observed with the microscope.

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Al Rashid, Ans, and Muammer Koҫ. "Creep and Recovery Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced 3DP Composites." Polymers 13, no. 10 (2021): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101644.

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The commercial availability of 3D printers for continuous fiber-reinforced 3D-printed (CFR3DP) composites has attracted researchers to evaluate the thermomechanical properties of these materials. The improvement of strength through chopped or continuous fiber reinforcements in polymers could provide remarkable results, and its exploration can provide broad applications in several industries. The evaluation of mechanical properties of these materials at elevated temperatures is vital for their utilization in severe operating conditions. This study provides insight into the effect of different fiber reinforcements (Kevlar, fiberglass, and high-strength high-temperature fiberglass) and temperatures on the creep and recovery behavior of CFR3DP Onyx composites. Experimental results were also compared with analytical models, i.e., Burger’s model and Weibull distribution function, for creep and recovery. Results from analytical models agreed well with experimental results for all the materials and temperatures. A significant drop in maximum and residual strains was observed due to the introduction of fibers. However, the creep resistance of all the materials was affected at higher temperatures. Minimum creep strain was observed for Onyx-FG at 120 °C; however, at the same temperature, the minimum residual strain was observed for Onyx-KF. Based on the analytical models and experimental results, the role of fiber reinforcements on the improvement of creep and recovery performance is also discussed.

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Wongsriraksa, Patcharat, Kohsuke Togashi, Asami Nakai, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Continuous Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by Fiber Surface Modification." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 5 (January 2013): 685104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/685104.

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He, Peigang, Dechang Jia, Binyi Zheng, et al. "SiC fiber reinforced geopolymer composites, part 2: Continuous SiC fiber." Ceramics International 42, no. 10 (2016): 12239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.04.168.

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Monteiro, Sergio Neves, Frederico Muylaert Margem, Noan Tonini Simonassi, Rômulo Leite Loiola, and Michel Picanço Oliveira. "Tensile Test of High Strength Thinner Curaua Fiber Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composite." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.361.

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In recent years natural fibers, especially those lignocellulosic extracted from plants, have gained attention owing to their engineering performance as polymer composite reinforcement. It was found that some of these lignocellulosic fibers, such as the curaua, ramie and sisal may reach tensile strength above 1000 MPa in association with very thin diameters. Therefore. the objective of the present work was to fabricate polyester matrix composites with the highest tensile strength possible, by reinforcing with the thinnest continuous and aligned curaua fibers. Tensile tests results of composites reinforced with 30% volume of these thinnest curaua fibers showed a tensile strength of 135 MPa, which corresponds to one of the highest strength attained for lignocellulosic fiber composites.

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Ding, Yu Sheng, Shao Ming Dong, Qing Zhou, and Dong Liang Jiang. "Fabrication of C_f/SiC Composites by Hot-Pressing." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1045.

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Continuous carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (Cf/SiC) composite was fabricated by hot-pressing, via liquid phase sintering. Sintering conditions strongly affect the densification process, and therefore dominate the mechanical properties and fracture behavior. The composites under the lower sintering temperature behaves less densified matrix and it demonstrates a relatively weak fiber/matrix bonding allowing the longer fibers pull-out. Increasing sintering temperature could accelerate the densified matrix and make fiber/matrix bonding stronger. In this case, the shorter fibers pull-out was predominant fracture behavior and it could improve mechanical properties.

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Zhang, Manyu, Xiaoyong Tian, and Dichen Li. "Interfacial Transcrystallization and Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed Fully Recyclable Continuous Fiber Self-Reinforced Composites." Polymers 13, no. 18 (2021): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183176.

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To fully exploit the preponderance of three-dimensional (3D)-printed, continuous, fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) and self-reinforced composites (which exhibit excellent interfacial affinity and are fully recyclable), an approach in which continuous fiber self-reinforced composites (CFSRCs) can be fabricated by 3D printing is proposed. The influence of 3D-printing temperature on the mechanical performance of 3D-printed CFSRCs based on homogeneous, continuous, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) filament, utilized as a reinforcing phase and matrix, respectively, was studied. Experimental results showed a qualitative relationship between the printing temperature and the mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength, as well as Young’s modulus, were 300.2 MPa and 8.2 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, transcrystallization that occurred in the process of 3D printing resulted in an interface between fibers and the matrix. Finally, the recyclability of 3D-printed CFSRCs has also been demonstrated in this research for potential applications of green composites.

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Chen, Ke, Mingyin Jia, Hua Sun, and Ping Xue. "Thermoplastic Reaction Injection Pultrusion for Continuous Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide-6 Composites." Materials 12, no. 3 (2019): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030463.

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In this paper, glass fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 (PA-6) composites with up to 70 wt% fiber contents were successfully manufactured using a pultrusion process, utilizing the anionic polymerization of caprolactam (a monomer of PA-6). A novel thermoplastic reaction injection pultrusion test line was developed with a specifically designed injection chamber to achieve complete impregnation of fiber bundles and high speed pultrusion. Process parameters like temperature of injection chamber, temperature of pultrusion die, and pultrusion speed were studied and optimized. The effects of die temperature on the crystallinity, melting point, and mechanical properties of the pultruded composites were also evaluated. The pultruded composites exhibited the highest flexural strength and flexural modulus, reaching 1061 MPa and 38,384 MPa, respectively. Then, effects of fiber contents on the density, heat distortion temperature, and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed. The scanning electron microscope analysis showed the great interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix at 180 °C, which greatly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The thermoplastic reaction injection pultrusion in this paper provided an alternative for the preparation of thermoplastic composites with high fiber content.

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Feng, Qian, Shao Ming Dong, Yu Sheng Ding, Qing Zhou, and Akira Kohyama. "Fabrication of SiC/SiC Composites Using both Chopped Fiber and a Hybrid Reinforcement of Chopped and Continuous Fibers." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1257.

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Chopped fiber and a hybrid reinforcement of chopped and continuous fibers were used for fabricating SiC/SiC composites. Under the selected sintering pressure, the composite sintered at lower temperature (1820°C) had lower density. Increasing temperature to 1850°C, the density of the composite reached at a higher level. However, pores still existed and mainly distributed in the areas the fibers accumulated, especially inside of the fiber bundles. Densely sintered matrix still could be found in the composite sintered at 1820°C, 15 MPa. In the areas with the fibers accumulated, matrix was relatively weak so that the cracks were easily propagated leading to the delamination during bending test. When continuous fiber was included into the chopped fiber reinforced composite, a hybrid reinforcing mechanism was obtained. This kind of composite had obviously improved toughness and strength. On the fracture surface, the pulled out fibers that were perpendicular to the fracture surface were increased.

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Manson, Jan-Anders E., Terry L. Schneider, and James C. Seferis. "Press-forming of continuous-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites." Polymer Composites 11, no. 2 (1990): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110207.

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