Academic literature on the topic 'Continuous Wave Condensation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Continuous Wave Condensation"
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JACOBSON, H., T. XIA, J. BAUMGARTNER, J. MARSHALL, and W. BEELER. "Microbial Leakage Evaluation of the Continuous Wave of Condensation." Journal of Endodontics 28, no. 4 (2002): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200204000-00002.
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Silva-Herzog, Daniel, Ezequiel Monroy, Verónica Méndez, Sandra Maria Alves Sayão Maia, Paulo Melo Júnior, and Ricardo Oliva. "Fluid-transport evaluation of lateral condensation, GuttaCore™ and continuous wave of obturation techniques." RSBO 13, no. 3 (2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v13i3.310.
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To achieve success in endodontic treatment, the root canal system should be as sealed as possible with suitable material such as gutta-percha and sealer. Objective: This study compare the apical leakage of roots obturated with GuttaCore™, lateral condensation, and continuous wave obturation through a computerized fluid-transport system. Material and methods: Fifty-two freshlyextracted upper molars were used. The disto-buccal roots were cut and standardized to 10 mm long. The root canals were prepared at working length with WaveOne primary reciprocating files. The specimens were randomly divided and filled by one of the following obturation techniques: GuttaCore™, lateral condensation or continuous wave obturation, using SILCO sealer. The positive controls were left unfilled and the negative controls were totally coated with cyanoacrylate and three layers of nail polish. The roots were stored in relative humidity for 72 h at 37°C, allowing the sealer to set. After this period, the roots were connected to a computerized fluid-transport system, and the apical leakage was analyzed. Results: The results were expressed in µL.cmH2O-1.min-1 x10-4 1.36 atm. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s tests. The specimens of the positive control group showed extreme amounts of apical leakage. There was no leakage in the negative ontrols. The statistical analysis indicated that continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ showed lower leakage than the lateral condensation technique (p<0.05). No difference was found among the continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ (p>0.05). Conclusion: Continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ showed lower leakage than the lateral condensation technique. There was no difference between the continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™. The fluid-transport system used in this study allowed an accurate quantitative measurement of leakage using simpler equipment.
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Salem, Arwa S., Abdul R. Mohammed Saleh, and Hussein A. A. Elmasmari. "In Vitro Assessment of Apical Leakage of Bioceramic Endodontic Sealer with Two Obturation Techniques." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 1162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812011162.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of Total Fill BC sealer and AH Plus sealer with single cone and continuous wave condensation obturation techniques using dye extraction leakage method. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four extracted human single-rooted teeth with round canals were decoronated at 12 mm length and instrumented using crown down technique with the iRace rotary file system to apical file size 40 with 0.04 taper. The roots were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=20). Group (A1) contained roots which were obturated with Total Fill BC sealer with a single cone. Group (A2) contained roots which were obturated using Total Fill BC sealer with continuous wave condensation. Group (B1) contained roots which were obturated using epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus) with a single cone. Group (B2) contained roots which were obturated using AH Plus sealer with continuous wave condensation. Apical microleakage was assessed with dye extraction method where the absorbance of leaked 1% methylene blue dye was measured using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance values were converted into concentrations, and the data was analyzed using One way ANOVA test. Results: The mean dye concentration values were 0.012, 0.016, 0.011 and 0.015 for Group A1, Group A2, Group B1 and Group B2, respectively. One-way ANOVA indicated no significant difference in dye leakage between the investigated groups (F = 0.938). Conclusion: With the limitation of the study, it was concluded that Total Fill BC was equivalent to AH Plus in apical sealing ability when using single cone or continuous wave condensation. The single cone can provide a similar apical seal of canal filling as can be achieved by using continuous wave condensation methods, in the round canal.
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Deus, Gustavo André De, Fábio Martins, Ana Carolina Machado Rocha Lima, Eduardo Diogo Gurgel-Filho, Claudio Ferreira Maniglia, and Tauby Coutinho-Filho. "Analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer following three obturation techniques." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 17, no. 2 (2003): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912003000200004.
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The aim of this study was to obtain a quantitative analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer formed after filling by three different techniques. Thirty human maxillary incisors were selected and access cavities were prepared using high-speed diamond stones and water spray. A size #15 K-Flexofile was introduced in the canal of each specimen until it was seen just at the apical foramen. The working length was determined to be 1 mm short of that position and the canals were prepared to an apical size of #45 K-Flexofile. Copious irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used during and after instrumentation. The samples were divided into three groups and obturated as follows: G1 - lateral condensation, G2 - lateral condensation with an accessory cone, and G3 - continuous wave of condensation. The samples were evaluated in the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The film thickness of the root canal sealer was measured through a microscopic evaluation. Statistical analysis was obtained using the Wilcox test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between G3 and G1, G3 and G2 (p < 0.05). In general, the lowest film thickness was observed in the continuous wave of condensation (G3). Lateral condensation with an accessory cone (G2) and lateral condensation (G1) demonstrated poorer results in this study, showing a higher film thickness. The small film thickness of the sealer obtained by the continuous wave of condensation technique may increase the clinical performance of this technique.
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De Angelis, Francesco, Camillo D’Arcangelo, Matteo Buonvivere, Rachele Argentino, and Mirco Vadini. "In Vitro Microleakage Evaluation of Bioceramic and Zinc-Eugenol Sealers with Two Obturation Techniques." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060727.
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Aim of the study is to compare the quality of the apical seal offered by a zinc-eugenol and a tricalcium-silicate-based sealer, both used with the single-cone or with the continuous wave of condensation technique. Forty central incisors were divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the two sealers and the two obturation techniques under investigation, and their outer surface was isolated with nail varnish. After endodontic treatment, samples were immersed in methylene blue dye for 72 h, then included in self-curing resin and sectioned to longitudinally expose the canal apical third. The depth of dye penetration was measured in each group. Mean values were compared by two-way-ANOVA test. Multiple comparisons were performed by Tukey test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 in all tests. The continuous wave of condensation technique led to reduced microleakage. Moreover, dye penetration values were reduced for the tricalcium-silicate sealer. In terms of microleakage, the warm continuous wave of condensation technique seems promising even when combined to a bioceramic sealer.
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Gülen, Seyfettin C., Philip A. Thompson, and Hung-Jai Cho. "An experimental study of reflected liquefaction shock waves with near-critical downstream states in a test fluid of large molar heat capacity." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 277 (October 25, 1994): 163–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094002727.
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Near-critical states have been achieved downstream of a liquefaction shock wave, which is a shock reflected from the endwall of a shock tube. Photographs of the shocked test fluid (iso-octane) reveal a rich variety of phase-change phenomena. In addition to the existence of two-phase toroidal rings which have been previously reported, two-phase structures with a striking resemblance to dandelions and orange slices have been frequently observed. A model coupling the flow and nucleation dynamics is introduced to study the two-wave system of shock-induced condensation and the liquefaction shock wave in fluids of large molar heat capacity. In analogy to the one-dimensional Zeldovich–von Neumann–Döring (ZND) model of detonation waves, the leading part of the liquefaction shock wave is a gasdynamic pressure discontinuity (Δ ≈ 0.1 μm, τ ≈ 1 ns) which supersaturates the test fluid, and the phase transition takes place in the condensation relaxation zone (Δ ≈ 1–103 μm, τ ≈ 0.1–100 μs) via dropwise condensation. At weak to moderate shock strengths, the average lifetime of the metastable state, τ ∞ 1/J, is long such that the reaction zone is spatially decoupled from the forerunner shock wave, and J is the homogeneous nucleation rate. With increasing shock strength, a transition in the phase-change mechanism from nucleation and growth to spinodal decomposition is anticipated based on statistical mechanical arguments. In particular, within a complete liquefaction shock the metastable region is entirely bypassed, and the vapour decomposes inside the unstable region. This mechanism of unmixing in which nucleation and growth become one continuous process provides a consistent framework within which the observed irregularities can be explained.
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Kim, Young-Ju, Yun-Chan Hwang, Sun-Ho Kim, et al. "Analysis of temperature rise on the root surface during continuous wave of condensation technique." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 28, no. 4 (2003): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2003.28.4.341.
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Wongsari, Nadia S., Christine A. Rovani, and Aries C. Trilaksana. "Assessment of apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 1 (2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v1i1.23.
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This study aimed to compare apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques which are carrier based gutta percha and continuous wave. Samples are maxillary first incisors, with a single root canal. They are devided into three groups of 9 each randomly. The first group is carrier based gutta percha, the second is continuous wave, and the third is lateral condensation as positive control. The teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, prepared with crown down pressureless technique, and obturated according their group. All the samples were coated with nail polish except for 2 mm from the apical, and then placed in China Ink for 7 days. After that, the polish were removed and the samples undergone tooth clearing procedure. When the samples had been transparant, they were observed using microscop. Data were collected and analyzed using Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test. The study showed that mean of apical microleakage from continuous wave technique (0.256+0.133) is less than from carrier based gutta percha (0.433+0.173). As the conclusion, there is a significant diffrence (p:0.034) of apical microleakage between continuous wave and carrier based gutta percha (p<0.05).
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Hirai, Vinicio Hidemitsu Goto, Ricardo Machado, Maria Carolina Lucato Budziak, Lucila Piasecki, Alexandre Kowalczuck, and Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto. "Percentage of Gutta-Percha-, Sealer-, and Void-Filled Areas in Oval-Shaped Root Canals Obturated with Different Filling Techniques: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study." European Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 01 (2020): 008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701543.
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Abstract Objective This study compared different obturation techniques, analyzing percentage of areas filled with gutta-percha, sealer, and voids (PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA, respectively) in oval-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods A total of 60 extracted human mandibular central incisors were decoronated, instrumented, and irrigated using the same protocol. After drying, the root canal was filled with AH Plus labeled with 0.1% rhodamine B dye using a Lentulo spiral. The filling procedure was performed by dividing the teeth into four groups according to the respective technique: G1, cold lateral condensation; G2, continuous wave of condensation; G3, modified cold lateral condensation using an F3 master cone; and G4, modified continuous wave of condensation using an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) sized 30 gutta-percha cone. Then, slices measuring 1.5 mm in thickness were obtained 3 and 6 mm from the apex and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed statistically with analysis of variance and Games-Howell’s tests (p = 0.05). Results The groups showed no significant differences in the apical third (3 mm from the apex). In the middle third (6 mm from the apex), G3 and G1 showed higher PGFA and PVFA, respectively. G3 showed lower PSFA than G2 and G4. Both cold techniques (G1 and G3) promoted lower PSFA than both warm techniques (G2 and G4). Conclusions Notwithstanding the limitations of this in vitro study, PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA ranged significantly only in the middle third, as observed by the different filling techniques. Higher PGFA and PVFA values were obtained for G3 and G1, respectively. Both cold techniques promoted lower PSFA than both warm techniques.
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Wongsari, Nadia S., Christine Anastasia Rovani, and Aries Chandra Trilaksana. "Assessment of apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 1 (2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22208/jdmfs.1.1.2016.39-45.
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<p>This study aimed to compare apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques which are carrier based gutta percha and continuous wave. Samples are maxillary first incisors, with a single root canal. They are devided into three groups of 9 each randomly. The first group is carrier based gutta percha, the second is continuous wave, and the third is lateral condensation as positive control. The teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, prepared with crown down pressureless technique, and obturated according their group. All the samples were coated with nail polish except for 2 mm from the apical, and then placed in China Ink for 7 days. After that, the polish were removed and the samples undergone tooth clearing procedure. When the samples had been transparant, they were observed using microscop. Data were collected and analyzed using Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test. The study showed that mean of apical microleakage from continuous wave technique (0.256<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.133) is less than from carrier based gutta percha (0.433<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.173). As the conclusion, there is a significant diffrence (p:0.034) of apical microleakage between continuous wave and carrier based gutta percha (p&lt;0.05).</p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Continuous Wave Condensation"
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Southern, Rodney George. "Comparison of the obturation density of resilon[TM] using cold lateral condensation and varying continuous wave of condensation techniques." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4683.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 47 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-38).
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Mancino, Davide. "Mise au point et évaluation microscopique d'une méthode d'obturation canalaire optimale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE011/document.
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Évaluer la capacité de remplissage des cinq différentes techniques d’obturation canalaire dans l’obturation des canaux ovales. Matériel et méthodes : Un total de 220 molaires mandibulaires, avec 1 canal dans la racine distale, a été sélectionné. Chaque canal a été mise en forme jusqu’à la longueur de travail en utilisant un système mono-instrument le WaveOne Gold Primary Les dents préparées ont été divisées au hasard en cinq groupes égaux (n = 40 par groupe) pour l'obturation: condensation à onde continue (CWC), technique avec tuteur GuttaCore (GC), technique avec tuteur Thermafil (TH), technique utilisant un cône unique (SC), condensation hydraulique à froid (CHC). Les pourcentages de GPFA, SFA et VA ainsi que la présence des matériaux d’obturation à l’intérieur des tubulis dentinaires (tag)à longueur de travail (LT) -4mm et -2 mm a été évalué à par microscopie numérique optique, microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM) et microanalyse par rayons X à dispersion d'énergie (EDX). Analyse statistique : Les données collectées ont été analysées avec la version 11.2 de SigmaPlot (Systat Software, Inc., San José, CA, USA). Les pourcentages de GPFA, SFA, VA correspondant aux différentes groupes ont été comparés en utilisant le test de Kruskal-Wallis avec α=0,05. Résultats: à LT-4 et LT-2 mm, cette étude à montré une différence statistiquement significative en terme de capacité d’obturation pour le cinq techniques. À LT-4, les groupes GC et TH ont montré une différence statistiquement significative par rapport aux trois autres groupes en terme de GPFA et SFA. En terme de VA, il y a une différence statistiquement significative avec les groupes SC et CHC tandis qu’aucune différence n’a été démontrée entre les groupes GC , TH et CWC . À LT-2, les groupes GC et TH ont montré une différence statistiquement significative par rapport aux trois autres groupes en terme de GPFA, SFA, VA. Conclusion : Cette étude montre clairement que les obturations par GC et TH sont en mesure de remplir les canaux ovales d’une manière plus appropriée que les autres techniques d’obturation. Les groupes GC et TH, à LT -4 et -2mm, présentaient des tags de gutta-percha à l’intérieur des tubulis dentinaires. La présence de tags de gutta-percha à l’intérieur des tubulis dentinaires (à la place de tags de ciment beaucoup plus vulnérables) pourrait se comporter comme une barrière physique, capable de sceller les bactéries à l’intérieur des tubulis et surtout non résorbable dans le temps<br>Assess the filling ability in oval-shaped canals using five different filling techniques. Materials and Methods : 220 human mandibular first molars with one distal oval canal were selected. Distal Canals were shaped using WaveOne Gold Primary. The prepared teeth were randomly divided in four equal groups (n = 40) for obturation : Continuous Wave Condensation (CWC), GuttaCore carrier based technique (GC), Thermafil (TH) carrier based technique, Single Cone technique (SC), Cold hydraulic Condensation (CHC). The proportions of gutta-percha filled areas (GPFA), sealer filled areas (SFA), void areas (VA) and the tags into dentinal tubules at 4 mm and 2 mm were analyzed by Optical numeric microscope, SEM and EDX. Statistical analysis : they were compared by Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks, with statistical significance set at α = 0.05. Results : At 4 and 2 mm from the apex, this study discloses statistically different filling ability for the five techniques. At 4 mm from the apex, the GC et TH groups showed significantly higher PGFAs than lateral condensation and System B techniques. The GC et TH groups showed a statistically significance difference compared with the others three groups in terms of higher PGFA, lower SFA. It showed a statistically significance difference with SC and CHC groups in term of VA. At 2 mm level from the apex, the GC et TH groups showed a statistically significance differece compared with the others three groups in terms of higher PGFA, lower SFA and VA. Conclusions : GC obturation is able to fill oval-shaped canals in a more appropriate way than the other filling techniques. GC was the only group which showed the presence of gutta-tags at 4 and 2 mm from the apex. The gutta- percha tags could behave as a physical barrier able to entomb bacteria
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Ribeiro, Maria Manuela Albergaria e. Castro Casal. "Avaliação da micro-infiltração apical de três técnicas de obturação com guta-percha em canais curvos." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/89806.
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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina<br>Introdução: A generalidade dos tratamentos endodônticos exigem a obturação de canais curvos contudo, a maioria dos estudos sobre micro-infiltração apical é limitada a canais retos e largos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a micro-infiltração apical em canais curvos obturados com as três técnicas de obturação mais utilizadas. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionadas e preparadas 64 raízes de molares e pré-molares humanos, com recurso ao sistema WaveOne Gold®. Os espécimes foram divididos em cinco grupos: dois controlos, um positivo (CP) e um negativo (CN) e três experimentais obturados com o cimento de obturação Sealapex®, segundo a técnica de condensação lateral a frio (TCL), técnica híbrida com condensação lateral a frio associada a compactação vertical com onda de calor contínua (TH) e técnica de obturação com cone único e condensação vertical com onda de calor contínua (TCU). A avaliação da micro-infiltração foi efetuada recorrendo à infiltração com Tecnécio 99 metastável. As imagens cintigráficas foram captadas numa câmara gama com tradução quantitativa. Após a obturação, foi realizada a avaliação radiográfica e microscópica apical da obturação e calculada a área ocupada pelo cimento e pela guta-percha a nível do ápex. Os valores obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente para p<0.05. Resultados: Após incubação dos espécimes com Tecnécio 99 metastável foram obtidos os valores das contagens totais de interações detetadas. O controlo positivo apresentou valores significativamente superiores aos do controlo negativo (27498,6 ± 3129,6 versus 394,4 ± 120,3. p<0,001). Os grupos obturados segundo as técnicas TCL, TH, TCU, apresentaram, respetivamente, valores médios das contagens totais de 2912,7 ± 1179,9, 2590,9 ± 537,3 e 3603,9 ± 2353,3. Sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos, contudo existe correlação entre a quantidade de micro-infiltração e a área ocupada pelo cimento a nível apical (r2=0,309).Conclusão: Os grupos controlos validaram o método utilizado para análise. Apesar de não apresentarem diferenças estatisticamente significativas, a TCU esteve associada a valores mais elevados de micro-infiltração e a TH aos valores mais reduzidos, mostrando-se superior à TCL. A quantidade ocupada pelo cimento de obturação pode ser um fator determinante na quantidade de micro-infiltração.<br>Introduction: Many endodontic treatments will require the obturation of a curved canal however, the majority of studies about apical microleakage are limited to straight and wide canals. The aim of this study was to compare the apical microleakage in curved canals obturated with the three most used techniques. Materials and Methods: 64 roots of human molars and premolars were selected and prepared using the WaveOne Gold® system. The specimens were divided into five groups: two control groups, one positive (PC) and one negative (NC) and three experimental groups, obturated with Sealapex®, with a cold lateral condensation technique (LCT), a hybrid technique with cold lateral condensation and vertical compaction with continuous wave of condensation (HT) and a single cone technique with continuous wave of condensation (SCT). The microleakage evaluation was made through the infiltration of Technetium 99 metastatic. The scintigraphic images were captured in a gamma camera with quantitative translation. After the obturation, a radiographic and apical microscopic evaluation of the obturation was performed and the area occupied by the sealer and gutta-percha, at the apex level, was calculated. The values obtained were statistically analyzed for p <0.05.Results: After incubation of the specimens with Technetium 99 metastatic he total counts of detected interactions were obtained The positive control presented values significantly higher than those of the negative control (27498.6 ± 3129.6 versus 394.4 ± 120.3). The TCL, TH, TCU, groups presented, respectively, mean values of the total counts of 2912.7 ± 1179.9, 2590.9 ± 537.3 and 3603.9 ± 2353.3. The results found no statistically significant difference between the experimental groups, however, there was a correlation between the amount of microleakage and the area occupied by the sealer at the apex (r2 = 0.309).Conclusion: The control groups validated the method used for analysis. Although the results did not find statistically significant differences, it was verified that the SCT was associated to the higher values of microleakage and the HT to the smaller values, being superior to the LCT. The space occupied by the sealer may play a determining role in microleakage.
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Sousa, Carla Sofia Rocha. "Técnicas de obturação termoplásticas: onda contínua de calor e carrier based." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6409.
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O Tratamento Endodôntico Não Cirúrgico, é composto por diferentes fases, entre as quais se destacam o acesso endodôntico, instrumentação, desinfeção e a obturação. Depois de uma abertura cuidadosa, é importante ter o canal instrumentado e conformado para facilitar a irrigação e garantir uma correta desinfeção, o que combinado com uma obturação hermética e tridimensional irá garantir uma maior taxa de sucesso. As técnicas termoplásticas, ao utilizarem um material termoplástico em conjunto com o cimento, permitem preencher melhor os espaços e o acesso a zonas com anatomias mais complexas.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi efectuar uma pesquisa bibliográfica para analisar e comparar duas técnicas de obturação: a Onda Contínua de Calor e a Carrier Based.
Com a realização deste trabalho encontramos que devido à especificidade do caso clínico e às características anatómicas há influencia na escolha da técnica de obturação.<br>Non-surgical Endodontic Treatment consists of different phases, among which stand out endodontic access, instrumentation, disinfection and a filling. After a careful opening, it is important to have the channel instrumented and shaped to facilitate irrigation and ensure proper disinfection, which combined with a hermetic and three-dimensional seal to ensure a higher success rate. The thermoplastic techniques, when using a thermoplastic material in conjunction with the cement, better accessory of the spaces and access to zones with more complex anatomies.
The objective of this work is to perform a bibliographical research to analyze and compare two techniques of obturation: a Continuous Wave and a Carrier Based.
With the accomplishment of this work and its specification of the clinical case and the anatomical characteristics in the influence of the choice of the technique of obturation.
Conference papers on the topic "Continuous Wave Condensation"
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Narain, A., M. Kivisalu, R. Naik, N. Gorgitrattanagul, S. Mitra, and M. M. Hasan. "Comparative Experimental and Computational Studies for Annular Condensing and Boiling Flows in Millimeter Scale Horizontal Ducts." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58602.
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This paper describes experimental approaches for ensuring high heat-flux annular flow boiling and flow condensation under conditions for which shear and pressure forces dominate buoyancy effects. The paper also describes fundamental predictive tools for such flows. For annular flows, the liquid phase flows in the form of a wavy film (often micro-meter scale thin) that continuously irrigates the heat-exchange surface inside millimeter scale ducts. Controlled attainments of these annular flow configurations (which experience only second order effects of surface-tension forces) are essential to integration of functional boilers and condensers for certain space-based as well as micro-scale thermal systems. The experiments deal with flow condensation of FC-72 in a 2 mm gap horizontal channel of 1 m length and flow boiling of FC-72 in a 1.6 mm gap horizontal channel of 0.74 m length. For both boiling and condensing flow experiments, annularity of the respective flows is ensured by choice of an appropriate rate of through flow of vapor that does not actively participate in phase-change and has a flow rate which lies within a well defined range. The through flow of vapor is shown to ensure stability, annularity (by effectively suppressing nucleation in the case of flow boiling), and predictability. This fact is demonstrated by relevant flow visualization videos whose schematic and still pictures are included here. Two sets of annular condensing flow simulation results (one based on a full computational fluid dynamics based steady/unsteady simulations and another based on a quasi 1-D steady simulations) are compared against experimental heat-flux measurements obtained for annular shear driven condensing flows of FC-72 vapor. For quasi-steady annular boiling, only the quasi 1-D steady simulations approach is used for comparisons with experimental heat load measurements. The reasonableness of the proposed 1-D predictive engineering tool, with proper understanding of its scope and limitations, enables one to generate useful results for more sophisticated simulations. Furthermore the tool readily yields results/estimates for other working fluids, channel dimensions, and flow conditions.
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Kuznetsov, M., A. Lelyakin, and W. Breitung. "Numerical Simulation of Radiolysis Gas Detonation in BWR Exhaust Pipes and Mechanical Response of the Piping to the Detonation Pressure Loads." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48498.
Full textAbstract:
1-D numerical calculations of radiolysis gas detonation and mechanical response of a 12.5-m long BWR exhaust pipe have been performed. To reproduce one of scenarios of steam condensation with following radiolysis gas accumulation in an exhaust pipe initially filled with nitrogen at an initial pressure of 1.6 bar and temperature of 35°C, nitrogen diluted radiolysis gas mixtures were used for the numerical simulations. Nitrogen concentration in radiolysis gas composition was changed in the range of 0–80 mol.%. It permits to significantly change detonation properties of the test mixtures. Different gas dynamic effects such as a precursor shock wave and shock reflection on the maximum detonation pressure have shown in our calculations. Maximum pressure load of the piping can be achieved near the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) point and at the tube end. At those positions the maximum pressure could be at least 2–2.5 times higher than the CJ detonation pressure. Dilution of the radiolysis gas mixture with nitrogen leads to reduction of the radiolysis gas detonability and to increase of run up distance to the DDT point. In this case so called “late detonation initiation” in a pre-compressed zone close to the reflection end can occur. It produces extremely high pressure load which can locally be 10 times higher than CJ-detonation pressure for steady state detonation. Mechanical response of the 12.5-m long austenitic steel pipe (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4541) with a diameter 510 mm and wall thickness of 15 mm was calculated for different detonation pressure loads. Maximum deformations of the pipe were obtained close to the DDT point and at the reflection end. It was shown that even for the worst case mixture with a “late detonation initiation” the deformation of tested pipe is very low (not more than 0.2%) and no danger exists for the integrity of the exhaust pipe under radiolysis gas detonation load. This 1D numerical code permits for the first time a continuously mechanistic analysis of the complicated processes with DDT and detonation propagation in closed pipes and it can be used for designers and for piping safety analysis.