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Guenancia, Pierre. "Recherches sur les problèmes du sens et le fondement de l'objectivité dans les philosophies de la conscience : Descartes et l'intelligence du sensible." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040140.
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La première partie de ce travail examine la question de la perception des choses sensibles dans différents textes de Descartes, notamment dans celui de la 2eme méditation consacrée à l'analyse du morceau de cire et montre qu'il n'a pas d'opposition entre la sensibilité et l'entendement pour la simple raison que c'est toujours l'entendement qui connait. L'esprit n'est donc pas chez Descartes divisé en facultés auxquelles correspondraient différents types de connaissances. La conception de l'âme comme chose qui pense reçoit de ce résultat un éclairage nouveau, car le donné sensible n'est pas réfractaire à la pensée. C'est le sensualisme et l'idée empiriste d'une connaissance sensible que Descartes critique, ce n'est ni les sens ni le sensible. La deuxième partie montre comment les analyses cartésiennes des passions établissent que celles-ci ne sont pas des ennemies de la raison mais sont au contraire indispensables au contentement de l'âme unie au corps dont l'importance dans la morale est par là soulignée. L'entendement et la sensibilité ne s'opposent pas plus ici que dans le domaine de la connaissance, et c'est même le principe d'une telle dualité qui se trouve remis en question. Plus pertinente que cette distinction est celle que Descartes n'a pas cessé de faire entre la connaissance directe et la connaissance réfléchie, celle-ci caractérisant à ses yeux l'entendement dans son usage spécifique. La conclusion montre comment se rejoignent les analyses de la connaissance des choses sensibles et celles des passions et comment la métaphysique cartésienne peut s'appliquer naturellement à la connaissance et à la pratique du mondeThe first part of this work examines the problem of the perception of sensitive things in various texts by Descartes, namely in tat of the 2nd meditation devoted to the analysis of the piece of wax and shows that there is no opposition between sensitivity and understanding for the simple reason that it is always understanding that comes to knowledge. Therefore, in Descartes, the mind is not divided into faculties to which different types would correspond. The conception of the soul as a thing that thinks comes under a different light through this result, for the sensitive is not reluctant to the thought. It is the sensualism and the empiric idea of a sensitive knowledge that are criticized by Descartes, it is neither the senses nor the sensitive. The second part shows how the Cartesian analyses of passions state that the latter are not enemies to reason but on the contrary are necessary to the satisfaction of the soul united to the body whose importance in morality is therefore emphasized. Reasoning and sensivity are no more opposed here than in the field of knowledge and it is even the principle of such a duality which is questioned. Even more relevant than this distinction is the one Descartes kept on making between direct knowledge and reflexive knowledge, the latter characterizing, for him, understanding in its specific use. The conclusion shows how the analysis of the knowledge of sensitive things and that of passions merge, and how Cartesian metaphysics can naturally apply to knowledge and the practice of the world
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Chamois, Camille. "En perspective : le perspectivisme au prisme des sciences humaines contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100104.
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Le but de cette thèse est d’évaluer la pertinence de la notion de perspectivisme, notamment telle qu’elle est mobilisée dans le contexte anthropologique contemporain. Pour ce faire, nous confrontons cette notion, d’une part, à l’histoire philosophique de son élaboration et, d’autre part, aux enjeux psychologiques et sociologiques qu’elle implique. Nous nous focalisons alors sur deux aspects particuliers : la théorie de la perception et la théorie des rapports à autrui. La première partie présente et discute l’hypothèse d’une « socialisation de la perception ». Nous montrons que ce problème innerve de façon profonde les sciences sociales au XXe siècle mais qu’il a généralement été abordé à partir du cadre transcendantal kantien. Nous soulignons alors les limites de cette approche, notamment à partir d’une confrontation avec la psychologie de l’apprentissage perceptif ; et proposons une réélaboration de la notion de perspective, entendue comme prise sur le sensible. La seconde partie présente et discute l’hypothèse d’une « socialisation de l’attribution de point de vue à autrui ». Nous tentons alors de clarifier cette notion à partir des travaux contemporains en théorie de l’esprit, d’une part, et des recherches en ethnopsychologie, d’autre part. L’enjeu général est alors de faire de la notion de perspectivisme un concept opérant dans le champ psychosocialThis dissertation aims to assess the pertinence of the notion of perspectivism, particularly as it is applied in the context of contemporary anthropology. To this end, we examine this notion, on the one hand, considering its elaboration in the history of philosophy, and on the other hand, in view of the psychological and sociological stakes it entails. We will focus on two specific aspects of perspectivism: the theory of perception, and the theory of the relationship with the Other. The first part of the dissertation presents and discusses the possibility of the “socialization of perception.” We demonstrate that this question profoundly informs twentieth century social sciences, even though it has usually been addressed through a Kantian transcendental framework. We highlight the limitations of this approach, specifically by comparing it to the psychology of perceptive learning; we henceforth propose reworking the notion of perspective, understood in terms of its hold over the sensible. The second part presents and discusses the possibility of a “socialization of the attribution of a point of view to the Other.” We thereby attempt to explicate this notion based on contemporary studies of the theory of mind on the one hand, and research in ethno-psychology on the other hand. The overarching objective of this project is thus to make the notion of perspectivism an operative concept in the psychosocial field
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Moon, Hiong-Sook. "Philosophie de la vision chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040084.
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La philosophie de la vision est un projet du pluralisme dont le modèle ne se trouve pas seulement dans le monde de l'expression, mais aussi dans celui de la perception. L'étude du comportement et de la perception que Merleau-Ponty a effectuée au début de sa carrière philosophique révèle que le monde sensible porte déjà en lui la dialectique qui se confond avec la manière d'être de l'être, depuis des êtres inférieurs jusqu'aux êtres supérieurs. Afin d'établir la conception pluraliste du monde, Merleau-Ponty commence à creuser le monde sensible où se découvre la structure chiasmatique, c'est-à-dire la réversibilité, grâce à laquelle se convertit l'objet en sujet, le sujet en objet. La structure chiasmatique se manifeste en particulier dans l'expérience du corps propre, de l'être à la fois sensible et sentant. Disons que le chiasme des perspectives, déduit de celui du sensible, est ce qui constitue la philosophie de la vision laquelle s'oppose à la philosophie dogmatique. Dès lors, la vision ainsi que la perception est un champ ouvert, un champ infini de l'herméneutique. Cette idée qui caractérise la pensée de dernier Merleau-Ponty se traduit par la dialectique du visible et de l'invisible. Il y a là une ontologie qu'on appelle "l'ontologie du sensible". Respectant l'évolution de sa pensée qui consiste dans le passage de la phénoménologie a l'ontologie, nous tentons de trouver le motif central qui explicite les présupposés de la pensée. Il s'agit de l'approche spirituelle d'une herméneutique qui mesure la portée et le sens de la philosophie merleau-pontienne, de laquelle n'est toujours pas facile à saisir la véritable signification, à cause de l'emploi de termes théologiques qui obscurcit son intuition originelle. Ce faisant, nous nous efforçons de dégager le sens propre de ses idées parfois ambigüesThe philosophy of vision is an essay on pluralism in which the model is found not only in the world of expression, but also in that of perception. The study on behavior and perception that Merleau-Ponty developed during the first part of his career as a philosopher reveals that realm of perception carries within itself the dialectic which confuses the way of being with the being itself, from inferior beings to superior beings. In order to establish a pluralistic conception of the world, Merleau-Ponty begins to pursue the perceptible world where a chiasmatic structure is discovered, which is to say the reversibility, as a result of converting the object into the subject, the subject and object. The chiasmatic structure is manifested particularly in the experience of the body itself, of the being at the same time perceptive and feeling. It could be said that the chiasmus of perspectives deduced from perceptivity is what constitutes the philosophy of vision which is opposed to the dogmatic philosophy. Consequently, the vision as well as the perception is an open field, an infinite field of hermeneutics. This idea which characterizes the thought of last Merleau-Ponty is translated by the dialectic of the visible and the invisible. There is here an ontology that is called that is called "the ontology of perception". Respecting the evolution of his thought which consists of the passage of phenomenology to ontology, we are attempting to find the central purpose which explains the prepositions of the thought. It concerns the spiritual approach of a hermeneutics which measures the range and the meaning of the merleau-pontian philosophy, of which its true meaning is not always easy to grasp, because of the use of theological terms which obscure its original intuition. In so doing, we endeavor to make clear the true meaning of his sometimes ambiguous ideas
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Caplan, Sheryl Mink. "Family and Self-concept Factors Contributing to the Adjustment and Achievement of Early Entrants." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279103/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of students' self-concept and their perceptions of family environment in the psychosocial adjustment and academic achievement of accelerated college students in a residential program. A secondary purpose was to investigate the differential role of those factors for students of diverse ethnic backgrounds.
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Galvão, Braga Carlos Eduardo. "L’expérience perceptive de Gustave Flaubert entre 1845 et 1851." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040185.
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Étroitement liée à l’expérience des voyages, où elle trouve tout à la fois ses intensités et sa diversité, la culture perceptive de Flaubert doit être comprise comme une véritable éducation sentimentale. Si le jeune écrivain se donne pour but l’apprentissage du «bien écrire », c’est en concevant l’esthétique d’abord en son sens premier comme un art de la sensation qui nécessite l’apprentissage d’un « bien voir ». Dans le travail de conversion du regard que Flaubert accomplit sur lui-même entre 1845 et 1851, on peut donc parler d’un véritable « primat de la perception ». La présente recherche doctorale, fondée sur une approche phénoménologique, examine la façon dont l’ « homme-plume » a résolument investi dans son art une leçon du sensible en intégrant toutes les découvertes liées à l’approfondissement de son expérience perceptive. Loin de s’achever dans un formalisme désincarné, le nouveau système esthétique qui permet à Flaubert de passer de l’écriture de jeunesse aux œuvres de la maturité est un dispositif qui totalise un itinéraire sensoriel : la connaissance, les idées et les facultés d’abstraction y ont été corrigées, réévaluées et redéfinies à la mesure d’un « bien sentir » qui devient capable de réformer l’art d’écrire et la délimitation de son véritable objetIntimately associated to the travelling experience, during which it meets at the same time its intensities and diversities, Flaubert’s perceptive culture should be understood as a truly sentimental education. If the young writer imposes himself the “well writing” learning as a goal, it’s done before anything else, by interpreting the aesthetics, in its primary meaning, as a sensation art that requires a “well seeing” learning. In relation to the conversion work of the look that Flaubert gives over himself between 1845 and 1851, it’s possible to talk, this way, of a true “primate of perception”. This doctorate research, based on a phenomenological approach, explores the decisively way in which the penman invested a lesson of the sensible in his art, integrating all the findings related to the deepening of his perceptual experience. Far from reducing itself to a disincarnate formalism, the new aesthetical system that allows Flaubert to go from the young writings to the maturity works is a device that completes a sensorial itinerary: along this itinerary, the knowledge, the ideas and the abstraction faculties were corrected, reevaluated and redefined for the purpose of a “well feeling” that is able to reshape the art of writing and the delimitation of its true object
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Daveau, Doriane. "De l’activation au comportement : une contribution à l’étude des processus sous-jacents aux effets d’amorçage comportemental." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0213/document.
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Les effets d’amorçage comportemental ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches. Ces travaux ont révélé que l’activation incidente de concepts pouvait orienter le comportement des individus et que cette influence pouvait avoir lieu en dehors de la conscience. Toutefois, des critiques ont émergé à propos de ce champ de recherche, remettant en question la robustesse de certains types d’effets d’amorçage et la véracité de ces effets. L’identification des processus sous-jacents aux effets d’amorçage comportemental s’est alors imposée comme indispensable afin de mieux comprendre sous quelles conditions ils apparaissent et ainsi pourquoi ils font l’objet de difficultés de réplication. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution à l’identification des processus sous-jacents aux effets d’amorçage. A travers neuf expériences, nous avons testé d’une part, l’idée selon laquelle des caractéristiques méthodologiques (e.g., la durée d’exposition aux amorces) étaient propices à l’émergence de ces effets, d’autre part le rôle modérateur de certains facteurs (i.e., le concept de soi) dont une partie de la littérature suppose qu’ils sont impliqués dans ces effets. Les résultats montrent que le concept de soi pourrait être un déterminant de l’ampleur et de la direction des effets d’amorçage comportemental, selon l’implication de la conscience de soi ou de l’estime de soi. De plus, le niveau de perception des amorces semble être un candidat privilégié des modérateurs de l’amorçage comportemental. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats fournissent des éléments afin de poursuivre l’investigation des mécanismes sous-jacents aux effets d’amorçage comportementalThe prime-to-behavior effects have been widely studied. Research revealed that incidental concept activation could guide subsequent behavior and that this influence could be unconscious. However, some critics have emerged about these effects, questioning the robustness and the veracity of the prime-to-behavior effects. Identifying the underlying processes is essential to better understand under which conditions these effects appear and why some researchers have failed to replicate them. This work aimed at contributing to the identification of underlying mechanisms of these effects. Through nine experiments, we tested at one hand some methodological characteristics supposed to promote the emergence of these effects and, on the other hand some supposed theoretical moderators of the prime-to-behavior effects. Results prove the self-concept could determine the magnitude and the direction of these effects, depending on the self-consciousness or the self-esteem to be involved. Moreover, the level of conscious perception of the primes seems to be a potential moderator of the prime-to-behavior effects. Together, these results provide elements to continue the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the prime- to-behavior effects
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Brozzoli, Claudio. "Peripersonal space : a multisensory interface for body-objects interactions." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675247.
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Our ability to interact with the environment requires the integration of multisensory information for the construction of spatial representations. The peripersonal space (i.e., the sector of space closely surrounding one's body) and the integrative processes between visual and tactile inputs originating from this sector of space have been at the center of recent years investigations. Neurophysiological studies provided evidence for the presence in the monkey brain of bimodal neurons, which are activated by tactile as well as visual information delivered near to a specific body part (e.g., the hand). Neuropsychological studies on right brain-damaged patients who present extinction and functional neuroimaging findings suggest the presence of similar bimodal systems in the human brain. Studies on the effects of tool-use on visual-tactile interaction revealed similar dynamic properties of the peripersonal space in monkeys and humans. The functional role of the multisensory coding of peripersonal space is, in our hypothesis, that of providing the brain with a sensori-motor interface for body-objects interactions. Thus, not only it could be involved in driving involuntary defensive movements in response to objects approaching the body, but could be also dynamically maintained and updated as a function of manual voluntary actions performed towards objects in the reaching space. We tested the hypothesis of an involvement of peripersonal space in executing both voluntary and defensive actions. To these aims, we joined a well known cross-modal congruency effect between visual and tactile information to a kinematic approach to demonstrate that voluntary grasping actions induce an on-line re-weighting of multisensory interactions in the peripersonal space. We additionally show that this modulation is handcentred. We also used a motor evoked potentials approach to investigate which coordinates system is used to code the peripersonal space during motor preparation if real objects rapidly approach the body. Our findings provide direct evidence for automatic hand-centred coding of visual space and suggest that peripersonal space may also serve to represent rapidly 3 approaching and potentially noxious objects, thus enabling the rapid selection of appropriate motor responses. These results clearly show that peripersonal space is a multisensori-motor interface that might have been selected through evolution for optimising the interactions between the body and the objects in the external world.
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Liu, Ningning. "Contributions to generic and affective visual concept recognition." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0038.
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Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à la reconnaissance de concepts visuels (VCR pour "Visual Concept Recognition"). En raison des nombreuses difficultés qui la caractérisent, cette tâche est toujours considérée comme l’une des plus difficiles en vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé plusieurs contributions, particulièrement dans le cadre d’une approche de reconnaissance multimodale combinant efficacement les informations visuelles et textuelles. Tout d’abord, nous avons étudié différents types de descripteurs visuels de bas-niveau sémantique pour la tâche de VCR incluant des descripteurs de couleur, de texture et de forme. Plus précisément, nous pensons que chaque concept nécessite différents descripteurs pour le caractériser efficacement pour permettre sa reconnaissance automatique. Ainsi, nous avons évalué l’efficacité de diverses représentations visuelles, non seulement globales comme la couleur, la texture et la forme, mais également locales telles que SIFT, Color SIFT, HOG, DAISY, LBP et Color LBP. Afin de faciliter le franchissement du fossé sémantique entre les descripteurs bas-niveau et les concepts de haut niveau sémantique, et particulièrement ceux relatifs aux émotions, nous avons proposé des descripteurs visuels de niveau intermédiaire basés sur l’harmonie visuelle et le dynamisme exprimés dans les images. De plus, nous avons utilisé une décomposition spatiale pyramidale des images pour capturer l’information locale et spatiale lors de la construction des descripteurs d’harmonie et de dynamisme. Par ailleurs, nous avons également proposé une nouvelle représentation reposant sur les histogrammes de couleur HSV en utilisant un modèle d’attention visuelle pour identifier les régions d’intérêt dans les images. Ensuite, nous avons proposé un nouveau descripteur textuel dédié au problème de VCR. En effet, la plupart des photos publiées sur des sites de partage en ligne (Flickr, Facebook, ...) sont accompagnées d’une description textuelle sous la forme de mots-clés ou de légende. Ces descriptions constituent une riche source d’information sur la sémantique contenue dans les images et il semble donc particulièrement intéressant de les considérer dans un système de VCR. Ainsi, nous avons élaboré des descripteurs HTC ("Histograms of Textual Concepts") pour capturer les liens sémantiques entre les concepts. L’idée générale derrière HTC est de représenter un document textuel comme un histogramme de concepts textuels selon un dictionnaire (ou vocabulaire), pour lequel chaque valeur associée à un concept est l’accumulation de la contribution de chaque mot du texte pour ce concept, en fonction d’une mesure de distance sémantique. Plusieurs variantes de HTC ont été proposées qui se sont révélées être très efficaces pour la tâche de VCR. Inspirés par la démarche de l’analyse cepstrale de la parole, nous avons également développé Cepstral HTC pour capturer à la fois l’information de fréquence d’occurrence des mots (comme TF-IDF) et les liens sémantiques entre concepts fournis par HTC à partir des mots-clés associés aux images. Enfin, nous avons élaboré une méthode de fusion (SWLF pour "Selective Weighted Later Fusion") afin de combiner efficacement différentes sources d’information pour le problème de VCR. Cette approche de fusion est conçue pour sélectionner les meilleurs descripteurs et pondérer leur contribution pour chaque concept à reconnaître. SWLF s’est révélé être particulièrement efficace pour fusion des modalités visuelles et textuelles, par rapport à des schémas de fusion standards. [...]This Ph.D thesis is dedicated to visual concept recognition (VCR). Due to many realistic difficulties, it is still considered to be one of the most challenging problems in computer vision and pattern recognition. In this context, we have proposed some innovative contributions for the task of VCR, particularly in building multimodal approaches that efficiently combine visual and textual information. Firstly, we have proposed semantic features for VCR and have investigated the efficiency of different types of low-level visual features for VCR including color, texture and shape. Specifically, we believe that different concepts require different features to efficiently characterize them for the recognition. Therefore, we have investigated in the context of VCR various visual representations, not only global features including color, shape and texture, but also the state-of-the-art local visual descriptors such as SIFT, Color SIFT, HOG, DAISY, LBP, Color LBP. To help bridging the semantic gap between low-level visual features and high level semantic concepts, and particularly those related to emotions and feelings, we have proposed mid-level visual features based on the visual harmony and dynamism semantics using Itten’s color theory and psychological interpretations. Moreover, we have employed a spatial pyramid strategy to capture the spatial information when building our mid-level features harmony and dynamism. We have also proposed a new representation of color HSV histograms by employing a visual attention model to identify the regions of interest in images. Secondly, we have proposed a novel textual feature designed for VCR. Indeed, most of online-shared photos provide textual descriptions in the form of tags or legends. In fact, these textual descriptions are a rich source of semantic information on visual data that is interesting to consider for the purpose of VCR or multimedia information retrieval. We propose the Histograms of Textual Concepts (HTC) to capture the semantic relatedness of concepts. The general idea behind HTC is to represent a text document as a histogram of textual concepts towards a vocabulary or dictionary, whereas its value is the accumulation of the contribution of each word within the text document toward the underlying concept according to a predefined semantic similarity measure. Several variants of HTC have been proposed that revealed to be very efficient for VCR. Inspired by the Cepstral speech analysis process, we have also developed Cepstral HTC to capture both term frequency-based information (like TF-IDF) and the relatedness of semantic concepts in the sparse image tags, which overcomes the HTC’s shortcoming of ignoring term frequency-based information. Thirdly, we have proposed a fusion scheme to combine different sources of Later Fusion, (SWLF) is designed to select the best features and to weight their scores for each concept to be recognized. SWLF proves particularly efficient for fusing visual and textual modalities in comparison with some other standard fusion schemes. While a late fusion at score level is reputed as a simple and effective way to fuse features of different nature for machine-learning problems, the proposed SWLF builds on two simple insights. First, the score delivered by a feature type should be weighted by its intrinsic quality for the classification problem at hand. Second, in a multi-label scenario where several visual concepts may be assigned to an image, different visual concepts may require different features which best recognize them. In addition to SWLF, we also propose a novel combination approach based on Dempster-Shafer’s evidence theory, whose interesting properties allow fusing different ambiguous sources of information for visual affective recognition. [...]
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Cook, Sarah Jane. "Contributions of the larynx to vocal tremor perception." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192315.
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Goodbourn, Patrick Tiernan. "Genetic contributions to individual differences in visual and auditory perception." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607882.
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Chanes, Puiggros Lorena. "Frontal and parietal contributions to visual perception in humans." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989767.
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Frontal and parietal areas have been shown to subtend different cognitive processes such as attentional orienting, decision making and access to consciousness, with bearing on visual performance. In spite of prior evidence supporting an implication of those regions in visual cognition, their contributions to the processing of low-contrast unmasked stimuli and the characteristic spatiotemporal activity patterns underlying them remain to be fully explored and causation is lacking. We here addressed a thorough exploration of such contributions in humans, with an emphasis on the dynamics of neural activity and visual performance enhancements as probed by patterns of noninvasive manipulation of local brain oscillatory activity. To this end, we tested in healthy participants the effects of either single pulses or short bursts of active vs. sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), delivered to the frontal eye field (FEF) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) prior to the presentation of a lateralized low-contrast near-threshold Gabor stimulus, on the visual discrimination and conscious detection of such stimulus. Our findings contribute to better substantiate the oscillatory basis of visual cognition and its associated behaviors and to set the stage for the development of novel therapies based on noninvasive manipulation of dysfunctional brain oscillatory activity.
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Huang, Guohua. "Workplace self-concept : a new conceptualization of self-concept in organizations /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MGTO%202007%20HUANG.
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Soteriou, Matthew John. "The particularity of visual perception : veridical hallucination and the concept of perception." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391804.
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Perkins, Andrew Wayne. "The implicit self-concept : the structure of the self-concept and its influence on attitude formation at an unconscious level /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8741.
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Eshelman-Haynes, Candace Lee. "Visual contributions to spatial perception during a remote navigation task." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1247510065.
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Corbett, Jennifer E. "Visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive contributions to the perception of upright." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31277.
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This dissertation examines the integration of visual and bodily inputs for the perception of upright. Normally, we effortlessly integrate external cues from surfaces in the visual environment and internal bodily position signals to accurately determine which way is "up." However, when sensory signals conflict, we base our perceptions of gravitational upright on visual references in the external environment. While tilting the body further decreases the ability to accurately perceive upright in the presence of a tilted visual context, the precise ways in which multisensory inputs to upright are integrated under these circumstances remain undetermined. Chapter 2 examines this question by isolating the effects of tilting the head or the whole body on perceived upright. Findings reveal a hierarchy of sensory contributions to the perception of upright where visual cues are weighted most heavily, followed by vestibular input about head position, and then proprioceptive signals about the position of the body when both visual and vestibular cues are unreliable. Chapter 3 then examines the amount of time necessary to overcome tilt illusions induced by local context in close proximity to a stimulus as compared to spatially remote global context. Results show different time courses for each type of illusion, and suggest the existence of distinct mechanisms involved in each. Chapter 4 follows with an ERP investigation to show that vestibular context influences later, post-perceptual stages of visual processing, as indexed by a modulation of the P3 ERP component. The thesis concludes with a summary of the main findings and outstanding questions, followed by an expanded discussion of how visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs are hierarchically integrated to maintain a stable percept of our dynamic surroundings.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Lif, Andreas. "Concept Design to Enhance Rearward Perception for Cyclists." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217973.
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Although cyclists travel on many of the same roads as cars, motorcycles and mopeds, bicycles are rarely outfitted with rear view mirrors as these vehicles are. Instead, most cyclists rely on looking over their shoulder to assess their situation, which can cause discomfort and disorientation and also means taking their eyes off the road ahead. The purpose of this project was to research and evaluate existing rear view cycling products to try to understand why they are not used more frequently. Based on the findings of that research, the purpose was also to develop a concept for a new product that would increase cyclists’ awareness of what’s behind them in a way that improves upon the existing products. By applying user centered design and research methods, insights were made that served as inspiration for the concept development. These insights were also translated into a requirement specification, which was used to evaluate the concepts. Out of seven concepts, one was chosen for further development. This included iterative development of a functioning prototype based on user feedback. The resulting concept was a bicycle helmet with an integrated rear facing camera, capable of streaming its video to an app in the user’s smartphone, which in turn could be mounted on the handlebar of their bicycle.Även om cyklister i många fall färdas på samma vägar som bilar, motorcyklar och mopeder är cyklar sällan utrustade med backspeglar. Istället förlitar sig de flesta cyklister på att se sig över axeln för att bedöma en trafiksituation, vilket kan vara både obekvämt och desorienterande, samtidigt som detta innebär att uppmärksamhet tas ifrån vägen framför cyklisten. Syftet med detta projekt var att undersöka och utvärdera befintliga backspegelprodukter för att försöka förstå varför de inte används i större utsträckning. Baserat på resultatet av denna undersökning var syftet dessutom att utveckla ett koncept på en ny produkt avsedd att öka cyklisters medvetenhet om vad som finns bakom dem i trafiken. Detta på ett sätt som innebar en förbättring av svagheterna med befintliga produkter. Genom tillämpning av användarcentrerade design- och undersökningsmetoder gjordes insikter som användes som inspiration för konceptutvecklingen. Dessa insikter översattes även till en kravspecifikation som användes för att utvärdera de olika koncepten. Utav sju koncept valdes ett för vidare utveckling, vilket inkluderade iterativ utveckling av en fungerande prototyp baserat på feedback från användare. Det resulterande konceptet var en cykelhjälm som via en inbyggd bakåtriktad kamera strömmade video till en app i användarens smartphone, i sin tur monterad på dennes cykelstyre.
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Berg, John A. "Teacher self-concept of teaching ability :." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487335992905836.
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Keita, Eloi Bandia. "Modèles physiques et perception, contributions à l'analyse du milieu sonore urbain." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0029/document.
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L’intégration du monde physique et des systèmes d’information est l’un des faits majeurs de la récente décennie. Cette intégration est rendue possible par les systèmes de communication, en particulier les systèmes sans fil, et par les recherches à l’interface physique dans le domaine des capteurs.L’usage de cette interface peut se concevoir de manière locale, par exemple le contrôle d’un objet, ou une aide dirigée vers une personne. Cette interface peut aussi exister au niveau distribué, en permettant la synthèse d’informations éparses et des prises de décisions concernant par exemple des économies de ressources : éteindre l’éclairage d’une rue, guider vers une place de parking libre.Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil contribuent à cette seconde catégorie et cette thèse s’est consacrée à la simulation de la propagation d’informations sonores en milieu urbain, avec une caractérisation distribuée.Le support décisif pour cette simulation est la représentation cellulaire de la ville et de ses zones : rues, jardins, rocades, bâtiments, rivières. Cette représentation cellulaire est produite par l’analyse d’imagesgéo-localisées et peut être complétée par la consultation de bases de données, pour l’élévation, par exemple. La représentation cellulaire est ensuite transformée en systèmes de processus interconnectés, à même de reproduire quantité de comportements collectifs, physiques ou numériquesPhysical world and information systems unification is a major achievement during this last decade. Communication systems, especially wireless technology, and research in physical sensors field have taken a major part in this integration.The interface between the physical word and a computer can be used in two ways. First, from a local perspective, where such a system can control for instance a single object or provide a personal assistance.Moreover, in a distributed system, this interface collects and analyses sparse data to make decisions, for instance about resource savings: to turn off streetlights, to guide to a parking spot.Wireless sensor networks are part of this second category. Thus, this thesis is focused on sound propagation simulation in urban environment, in a distributed manner.The key point of this work is a cellular representation of the city in order to model streets, gardens, ring roads, buildings, and rivers. Georeferenced image analysis, complemented by database consultation, for example to retrieve elevation data, generates this cellular model. Then, this model is converted into a system made of interconnected processes, that can reproduce many collective behaviors, whether physical or digital.We have developed a cellular automata that models sound propagation, including reflection and refraction, working on a graphics accelerator. Finally, we have produced a coupling method between observation systems by sensor networks and physical systems
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Hong, Jihee. "Development of self-concept scale for Korean-American adults." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p090-0326.
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McLeod, Ryan Nathaniel. "A PROOF OF CONCEPT FOR CROWDSOURCING COLOR PERCEPTION EXPERIMENTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1269.
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Accurately quantifying the human perception of color is an unsolved prob- lem. There are dozens of numerical systems for quantifying colors and how we as humans perceive them, but as a whole, they are far from perfect. The ability to accurately measure color for reproduction and verification is critical to indus- tries that work with textiles, paints, food and beverages, displays, and media compression algorithms. Because the science of color deals with the body, mind, and the subjective study of perception, building models of color requires largely empirical data over pure analytical science. Much of this data is extremely dated, from small and/or homogeneous data sets, and is hard to compare. While these studies have somewhat advanced our understanding of color adequately, mak- ing significant, further progress without improved datasets has proven dicult if not impossible. I propose new methods of crowdsourcing color experiments through color-accurate mobile devices to help develop a massive, global set of color perception data to aid in creating a more accurate model of human color perception.
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Taright, Yamina. "Contribution à l'analyse de la pollution atmosphérique chronique ou accidentelle : concept de nez électronique." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES001.
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La pollution atmosphérique constitue un problème majeur dont le suivi en temps réel est difficile. Ce travail exploratoire se propose d'apporter une solution originale a ce problème en utilisant des microcapteurs chimiques. Le premier chapitre précise le problème de la pollution, explicite les besoins de mesure et définit le cahier des charges d'un système de mesure optimal. Dans le second chapitre, on analyse les moyens de perception de l'information chimique en insistant sur les microcapteurs, tandis que le 3ème chapitre est consacré à une analyse des expérimentations antérieures menées avec de tels capteurs et des méthodes de traitement des données associées. On présente alors les circuits FPGA qui seront la base de l'électronique associée à ces capteurs et, dans les derniers chapitres, la réalisation du système de conditionnement des capteurs, ainsi que l'implantation matérielle d'un perceptron multicouche destiné à l'interprétation en temps réel des données.
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Stengel, Chloé. "Frontal contributions to conscious visual perception through causal manipulation of brain rhythms." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS354.
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Les oscillations corticales sous-tendent une grande variété de fonctions cognitives. Notamment, un rôle causal des oscillations beta-hautes dans le champ oculomoteur frontal (en anglais : FEF) droit pour l’orientation de l’attention et la facilitation de la perception a été solidement démontré. Cependant, pour la même région dans l’hémisphère gauche, il a été récemment suggéré que le bruit neuronal (càd une activité neuronale non prédictible), et non les oscillations, pourrait améliorer le traitement des stimuli sensoriels faibles et leur perception. Nous utilisons la Stimulation Magnétique Transcranienne (SMT) pour entrainer des oscillations à 30 Hz ou bien moduler le niveau de bruit neuronal dans les FEF droit et gauche et nous enregistrons les signaux EEG de sujets sains réalisant une tâche de détection consciente. Dans l’hémisphère droit, nous montrons que des rafales rythmiques de SMT accroissent la synchronisation locale et inter-régionale des oscillations beta-hautes et apportons des preuves d’un rôle causal ces oscillations dans la perception visuelle. Dans l’hémisphère gauche, nous montrons que des rafales arythmiques de SMT augmentent le niveau de bruit neuronal dans la totalité du réseau de l’attention. Enfin, nous montrons que ces effets sont causés par la stimulation corticale directe et non par la stimulation auditive associée à la décharge d’impulsions de SMT. Nous reportons seulement des effets non-spécifiques de la stimulation auditive sur la prise de décision perceptuelle ou l’activité dans le cortex auditif. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des stratégies de codage neuronal dans le réseau bilatéral de l’orientation de l’attentionCortical oscillatory activity has been shown to subtend a wide variety of cognitive processes. In particular, there is strong evidence for a causal role of high-beta (30 Hz) oscillations in the right Frontal Eye Field (FEF) for the orientation of attention and the facilitation of perception. However, for the same area in the left hemisphere, recent evidence has suggested that another pattern of brain activity: neuronal noise, i.e. unpredictable neuronal activity, could enhance processing of weak sensory stimuli and be needed to improve conscious detection. We use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to either entrain high-beta cortical oscillations or modulate neuronal noise level in the left and right FEFs and we record electrophysiological signals of healthy subjects performing a visual detection at threshold task.We show, in the right hemisphere, that rhythmic patterns of TMS increase high-beta local and inter-regional synchronization in fronto-parietal regions and bring strong evidence for a causal role of high-beta oscillations for conscious visual perception. In the left hemisphere, we show that arrhythmic or irregular patterns of TMS increase neuronal noise throughout the attention network. Lastly, we show that these effects are caused by direct cortical stimulation and cannot be generated by the clicking sounds associated with the discharge of TMS pulses. We report only non-specific effects of the auditory stimulation on perceptual decision-making and activity in the auditory cortex. These findings contribute to a better understanding of coding strategies in the bilateral network for attention orienting and the specific and non-specific effects of TMS
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Rahman, Anis Ur. "Face perception in videos : contributions to a visual saliency model and its implementation on GPUs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT102/document.
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Les études menées dans cette thèse portent sur le rôle des visages dans l'attention visuelle. Nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre l'influence des visages dans les vidéos sur les mouvements oculaires, afin de proposer un modèle de saillance visuelle pour la prédiction de la direction du regard. Pour cela, nous avons analysé l'effet des visages sur les fixations oculaires d'observateurs regardant librement (sans consigne ni tâche particulière) des vidéos. Nous avons étudié l'impact du nombre de visages, de leur emplacement et de leur taille. Il est apparu clairement que les visages dans une scène dynamique (à l'instar de ce qui se passe sur les images fixes) modifie fortement les mouvements oculaires. En nous appuyant sur ces résultats, nous avons proposé un modèle de saillance visuelle, qui combine des caractéristiques classiques de bas-niveau (orientations et fréquences spatiales, amplitude du mouvement des objets) avec cette caractéristique importante de plus haut-niveau que constitue les visages. Enfin, afin de permettre des traitements plus proches du temps réel, nous avons développé une implémentation parallèle de ce modèle de saillance visuelle sur une plateforme multi-GPU. Le gain en vitesse est d'environ 130 par rapport à une implémentation sur un processeur multithreadStudies conducted in this thesis focuses on faces and visual attention. We are interested to better understand the influence and perception of faces, to propose a visual saliency model with face features. Throughout the thesis, we concentrate on the question, "How people explore dynamic visual scenes, how the different visual features are modeled to mimic the eye movements of people, in particular, what is the influence of faces?" To answer these questions we analyze the influence of faces on gaze during free-viewing of videos, as well as the effects of the number, location and size of faces. Based on the findings of this work, we propose model with face as an important information feature extracted in parallel alongside other classical visual features (static and dynamic features). Finally, we propose a multi-GPU implementation of the visual saliency model, demonstrating an enormous speedup of more than 132 times compared to a multithreaded CPU
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Manville, Caroline. "Perceptions de justice et implication organisationnelle : le cas des salariés contingents." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20152.
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Laerhoven, Kristof van. "Embedded perception : concept recognition by learning and combining sensory data." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443519.
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Ma, Junheng. "Contributions to Numerical Formal Concept Analysis, Bayesian Predictive Inference and Sample Size Determination." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1285341426.
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Kliegl, Katrin M. [Verfasser]. "Duration perception: assessing contributions of lower and higher level processes / Katrin M. Kliegl." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078933480/34.
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Drapeau, Bianca. "Publicité provocatrice et concept de soi." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
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Styer, Heidi J. "A study of the relationship between athletic participation and self-concept." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999styer.pdf.
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Grima, Francis Gerald. "Assessing the Importance of Self-Concept Intervention Among High School Students As Measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279154/.
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Miskiewicz, Wioletta. "La phénoménologie du temps : une reconstitution du concept de la perception." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040284.
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Connaitre l'évolution de certains concepts s'avère absolument fondamental pour comprendre la phénoménologie, en suivre le mouvement et réitérer les analyses. Nous analysons la relativisation de la radicalité de la réduction phénoménologique, l'abandon de la théorie de la représentation, l'introduction du concept d'immanence pure, la distinction entre évidence apodictique et évidence adéquate. Nous étudions les rapports complexes qu'entretiennent entre elles les phénoménologies des diverses voies. Nous avons ajouté à ces évolutions la modification du concept de perception au sein de la théorie du temps. Notre lecture des Leçons pour une phénoménologie de la conscience intime du temps (dans l'horizon théorique des manuscrits sur le temps) nous a livré le concept d'ensemble d'appréhension qui, tout en conservant son unité, possède une extension temporelle. Il devient pour Husserl l'outil méthodologique de description de la conscience intime du temps. Représenté par les diverses "figures du temps", il dépeint le fonctionnement de la modification retentionnelle, l'intentionnalité double de la constitution temporelle. Et le passage qualitatif de l'un vers l'autre est rendu exhaustif grâce à la constatation de la conscience du temps absolu. Le principal problème que pose notre interprétation est celui de l'identité de l'ensemble d'appréhension à travers sa continuité. Cette question vient en fait renforcer notre interprétation, puisque le problème de l'individuation devient à partir d'un certain moment le sujet principal des travaux husserliens (les manuscrits de Bernau). *"senti" devient le concept relationnel, "perçu" possède l'extension temporelleIn order to understand phenomenology, to follow its evolution, and be able to renew the analyses, knowledge of the evolution of some concepts turns out to be absolutely essential. We analyze in this thesis the relativisation of the radicality of phenomenological reduction, the dismissal of the theory of representation, the introduction of the concept of pure immanence, and the distinction between apodictic evidence and adequate evidence. We study the complex relationship between the different ways of phenomenology. In addition to those evolutions we study the modification of the concept of perception in the theory of time. Our reading of Vorlesungen zur phanomenologie des inneren zeitbewusstseins (with the theoretical background of the manuscripts on time) gave us the concept of apprehension set, which preserves its unity while being temporally extended. For Husserl this concept became a methodological tool for the description of the inner consciousness of time, the concept was represented by the many "figure of time", it depicts the workings of retentional modification, and the twofold intentionality of constitution. "Felt" becomes a relational concept where as "perceived" has temporal extension and the qualitative transformation from one to the other is made exhaustive by the constatation of the conscience of absolute time. The main problem revealed by our interpretation is that of the identity of the apprehension set along its continuity. The existence of this problem in fact strengthen our interpretation, since the problem of individuation becomes from a given moment the main subject of Husserl’s work (Bernau manuscripts)
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Tillman, Katharine A. "Constructing the Concept of Time| Roles of Perception, Language, and Culture." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270885.
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Understanding the nature and origin of abstract concepts, like the concept of time, is a fundamental problem in cognitive science. From infancy, humans can discriminate brief durations, represent event sequences, and associate temporal and spatial magnitudes. By adulthood, Westerners construe of time as an abstract dimension, which is described and measured using language, clocks, and calendars. Are mature concepts of time built from innate perceptual primitives? In this dissertation, I will argue that they are not, drawing on developmental evidence from 3- to 8-year-old children. In Chapter 1, I show that children do not learn duration words like “minute” by associating them with perceptual representations of duration. Instead, children's earliest meanings for duration words encode their relations to one another. For example, preschoolers know their relative ordering (e.g., hour > minute > second) long before they know each word’s approximate duration. Similarly, in Chapter 2, I present evidence that children do not learn deictic time words like “yesterday” by associating them with experienced or anticipated events. I find that children’s earliest meanings for deictic time words include information about their relative order in the past and future, but not about their approximate temporal distance from the present. Both these cases suggest that children initially use linguistic cues to construct ordered semantic domains for time words, and do not map them to perception until later, after learning their formal definitions. Finally, in Chapter 3, I present evidence that the left-to-right “mental timeline” English-speaking adults use to organize events is not derived from innate space-time associations. I show that, unlike kindergarteners and adults, preschoolers do not spontaneously represent time linearly. Instead, conventional linear mappings between time and space develop slowly throughout early childhood, in response to increasing cultural exposure and education. Together, these studies suggest that abstract time concepts in children are not built from perceptual primitives, but from structures available in language and cultural artifacts.
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Anna, Israelsson. "Teachers’ perception of the concept of intercultural competence in teaching English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131353.
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Intercultural competence (IC) as an essential part of conceptualization of the cultural dimension in FLT has been promoted by educationalists as the most preferred type of competence. One of the challenges of incorporating IC into FLT is to move from the recognition of IC as a model of teaching (Byram, Nichols and Stevens, 2001) to the development of practical applications. This can be due to the fact that teachers do not have sufficient knowledge of the theory behind the concept and consequently, have difficulties to implement the curriculum requirements with regards to IC into their teaching. The purpose of this study was to investigate how teachers of English in upper secondary schools in Sweden interpret the concept of IC and, accordingly, what is their view of culture in English language teaching. In order to answer the research question, I used an exploratory investigation by adopting a qualitative research method in form of semi-structured interviews. The results are similar to the previous studies (Lundgren, 2002; Larzén, 2005) and suggest that teachers lack theoretical background and central guidance with regards to IC and do not always integrate language and culture into an intercultural model of the English language pedagogy.
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Sullivan, Sybil J. Whitney Stephen D. "Self concept screening a predictor to depression /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6466.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 18, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Stephen Whitney. Includes bibliographical references.
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馮詠儀 and Wing-yee Fung. "Self-concept in hearing impairecd secondary school integrators." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956403.
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Oakes, Toni S. "Effect of short internships on student self-concept." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Hicks, James S. "Self-concept : differences between Appalachian and non-Appalachian students /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06082009-170740/.
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Spica, Riccardo. "Contributions to active visual estimation and control of robotic systems." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S080/document.
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L'exécution d'une expérience scientifique est un processus qui nécessite une phase de préparation minutieuse et approfondie. Le but de cette phase est de s'assurer que l'expérience donne effectivement le plus de renseignements possibles sur le processus que l'on est en train d'observer, de manière à minimiser l'effort (en termes, par exemple, du nombre d'essais ou de la durée de chaque expérience) nécessaire pour parvenir à une conclusion digne de confiance. De manière similaire, la perception est un processus actif dans lequel l'agent percevant (que ce soit un humain, un animal ou un robot) fait de son mieux pour maximiser la quantité d'informations acquises sur l'environnement en utilisant ses capacités de détection et ses ressources limitées. Dans de nombreuses applications robotisées, l'état d'un robot peut être partiellement récupéré par ses capteurs embarqués. Des schémas d'estimation peuvent être exploités pour récupérer en ligne les «informations manquantes» et les fournir à des planificateurs/contrôleurs de mouvement, à la place des états réels non mesurables. Cependant, l'estimation doit souvent faire face aux relations non linéaires entre l'environnement et les mesures des capteurs qui font que la convergence et la précision de l'estimation sont fortement affectées par la trajectoire suivie par le robot/capteur. Par exemple, les techniques de commande basées sur la vision, telles que l'Asservissement Visuel Basé-Image (IBVS), exigent normalement une certaine connaissance de la structure 3-D de la scène qui ne peut pas être extraite directement à partir d'une seule image acquise par la caméra. On peut exploiter un processus d'estimation (“Structure from Motion - SfM”) pour reconstruire ces informations manquantes. Toutefois, les performances d'un estimateur SfM sont grandement affectées par la trajectoire suivie par la caméra pendant l'estimation, créant ainsi un fort couplage entre mouvement de la caméra (nécessaire pour, par exemple, réaliser une tâche visuelle) et performance/précision de l'estimation 3-D. À cet égard, une contribution de cette thèse est le développement d'une stratégie d'optimisation en ligne de trajectoire qui permet de maximiser le taux de convergence d'un estimateur SfM affectant (activement) le mouvement de la caméra. L'optimisation est basée sur des conditions classiques de persistance d'excitation utilisée en commande adaptative pour caractériser le conditionnement d'un problème d'estimation. Cette mesure est aussi fortement liée à la matrice d'information de Fisher employée dans le cadre d'estimation probabiliste à des fins similaires. Nous montrons aussi comment cette technique peut être couplé avec l'exécution simultanée d'une tâche d'asservissement visuel en utilisant des techniques de résolution et de maximisation de la redondance. Tous les résultats théoriques présentés dans cette thèse sont validés par une vaste campagne expérimentale en utilisant un robot manipulateur équipé d'une caméra embarquéeAs every scientist and engineer knows, running an experiment requires a careful and thorough planning phase. The goal of such a phase is to ensure that the experiment will give the scientist as much information as possible about the process that she/he is observing so as to minimize the experimental effort (in terms of, e.g., number of trials, duration of each experiment and so on) needed to reach a trustworthy conclusion. Similarly, perception is an active process in which the perceiving agent (be it a human, an animal or a robot) tries its best to maximize the amount of information acquired about the environment using its limited sensor capabilities and resources. In many sensor-based robot applications, the state of a robot can only be partially retrieved from his on-board sensors. State estimation schemes can be exploited for recovering online the “missing information” then fed to any planner/motion controller in place of the actual unmeasurable states. When considering non-trivial cases, however, state estimation must often cope with the nonlinear sensor mappings from the observed environment to the sensor space that make the estimation convergence and accuracy strongly affected by the particular trajectory followed by the robot/sensor. For instance, when relying on vision-based control techniques, such as Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS), some knowledge about the 3-D structure of the scene is needed for a correct execution of the task. However, this 3-D information cannot, in general, be extracted from a single camera image without additional assumptions on the scene. One can exploit a Structure from Motion (SfM) estimation process for reconstructing this missing 3-D information. However performance of any SfM estimator is known to be highly affected by the trajectory followed by the camera during the estimation process, thus creating a tight coupling between camera motion (needed to, e.g., realize a visual task) and performance/accuracy of the estimated 3-D structure. In this context, a main contribution of this thesis is the development of an online trajectory optimization strategy that allows maximization of the converge rate of a SfM estimator by (actively) affecting the camera motion. The optimization is based on the classical persistence of excitation condition used in the adaptive control literature to characterize the well-posedness of an estimation problem. This metric, however, is also strongly related to the Fisher information matrix employed in probabilistic estimation frameworks for similar purposes. We also show how this technique can be coupled with the concurrent execution of a IBVS task using appropriate redundancy resolution and maximization techniques. All of the theoretical results presented in this thesis are validated by an extensive experimental campaign run using a real robotic manipulator equipped with a camera in-hand
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LATOUR, JANKOWIAK DALIDA. "L'histoire du concept d'antiquité en France (XVe-XIXe siècles) : les contributions de l'histoire juridique et littéraire à l'émergence d'un concept périodologique." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100110.
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Entendue communement aujourd'hui comme la periode historique s'etendant du ive millenaire avant l'ere chretienne au ve siecle apres j. -c. , l'antiquite comme concept prend naissance dans le milieu humaniste des la seconde moitie du xive siecle en italie, puis dans le reste de l'europe aux xve et xvie siecles. L'antiquite est d'abord une idee, forgee par l'interpretation humaniste et renaissante dela culture greco-romaine, et represente alors le temps mythique de la perfection originelle. De cette conception, issue pour une large part des acquis juridiques lies aux redecouvertes successives du prestigieux heritage du droit romain, etait ne un moyen age, ere intermediaire comprise comme decadence culturelle, que la renaissance cloturait precisement en reinventant les valeurs greco-romaines antiques. Cette vision tripartite du temps de l'histoire posait les fondements intellectuels de la periodisation en antiquite. Moyen age, temps modernes. Au cours des xviiie et xixe siecles, l'essor de l'archeologie historique mais aussi prehistorique fait eclater le cadre classique de l'antiquite jusque-la circonscrite a rome et athenes, et assure son passage d'un temps mythique a un temps historique. Les decouvertes de pompei, herculanum ou troie, ainsi que les progres graduels de la connaissance des civilisations egyptienne et mesopotamienne determinent la conscience d'un temps de l'histoire remontant largement au-dela de la grece et meme au-dela de l'histoire, en forgeant un temps de la prehistoire, distingue du precedent par le critere culturel de l'ecriture. A ce titre, la configuration contemporaine du concept periodologique d'antiquite est la traduction scientifique et didactique des mutations epistemologiques successives qui affecterent les temps anciens de l'histoire, et que refletent et consacrent tant la science de l'histoire du droit que les manuels scolaires republicains des dernieres decennies du xixe siecle, 'siecle de l'histoire', et du debut du xxe siecle.
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PINHEIRO, FELIPE VIANNA. "LE CORPS DANS LA PSYCHOSE ET LES CONTRIBUTIONS DU CONCEPT DE LETTRE CHEZ LACAN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36851@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
La thèse ci-présente a pour objectif d introduire une discussion concernant le corps dans la psychose et les contributions du concept de lettre chez Lacan. Pour ce faire, nous ouvrons avec une réflexion à propos du concept de corps chez Freud et quelques différences fondamentales par rapport au corps organique tel qu il est pensé par la médecine. Nous introduisons ensuite des réflexions concernant la spécificité du corps dans la psychose à partir de Freud. Quelques contributions à propos du corps chez Lacan sont également abordées : sa relation avec la construction de l image spéculaire, le concept de phallus et d objet a. Nous apportons alors quelques contributions à propos du concept de lettre chez Lacan ainsi que son importance dans la discussion du corps dans la psychose. Le choix du concept de lettre chez Lacan est justifié par l intérêt de construire et de vérifier une hypothèse selon laquelle il peut être possible, pour le sujet psychotique, de construire un corps sans nécessairement passer par la référence phallique ni non plus par la métaphore délirante, mais par un travail d amarrage et de nouage des trois registres à partir d un bricolage des restes, des bouts de parole, ce que Lacan nomma la lettre.
Esta tese tem como objetivo introduzir uma discussão sobre o corpo na psicose e as contribuições do conceito de letra, em Jacques Lacan, para este tema. Para isso, abrimos uma reflexão sobre o conceito de corpo, em Sigmund Freud, e algumas diferenças fundamentais com relação ao corpo orgânico, tal como pensado pela medicina. Em seguida, introduzimos reflexões sobre a especificidade do corpo na psicose a partir de Freud. Também são abordadas algumas contribuições sobre o corpo, para Lacan, sua relação com a construção da imagem especular, o conceito de falo e de objeto a. Traremos, então, algumas contribuições sobre o conceito de letra, em Lacan, e sua importância para discussão sobre as possibilidades de construção de um corpo na psicose. A escolha pelo conceito de letra se justifica pelo interesse em construir e verificar uma hipótese, a saber, de que o sujeito psicótico pode construir um corpo sem passar pela referência fálica, nem pela metáfora delirante, mas sim por um trabalho de amarração e enodamento dos três registros – real, simbólico e imaginário –, a partir da bricolagem dos restos, cacos, pedaços da palavra, aquilo que Lacan chamou de letra.
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Priot, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Perception du mouvement propre : contributions des différentes modalités sensorielles et applications en ergonomie cognitive." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685781.
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La perception du mouvement propre met en jeu différents systèmes sensoriels (principalement visuel, vestibulaire et somatosensoriel). Ces informations sont traitées par le système nerveux central pour élaborer une représentation tridimensionnelle des mouvements de la tête et du corps dans l'espace, permettant ainsi des fonctions comme l'orientation spatiale, la perception des distances (distances relatives et distances parcourues), le maintien de l'équilibre et de la posture. La perception au niveau du récepteur périphérique ne reflète que très rarement la sensation consciente du mouvement. L'étude de la perception du mouvement doit donc s'intéresser aux interactions entre les différentes modalités sensorielles, plus qu'à l'étude de chaque canal sensoriel séparément. Les signaux provenant des différents systèmes sensoriels peuvent ne pas congruer, générant des situations d'illusions et de conflits sensoriels étudiées par l'ergonomie cognitive.
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De, Vries Brian. "The concept of self in a life-span, life event context." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28663.
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This dissertation advanced a life story model of the self-concept, linking the presently understood past and the anticipated future with the experienced present of the individual story-teller. The central components of this model were identified as the story structure (defined as integrative complexity, an information-processing variable) and story content (defined as the significant life events recalled and anticipated by the participants). The nuclear thesis of this dissertation examined the relationship between these two components in various forms and explored their association with other (individual difference) variables. Participants were 30 males and 30 females drawn in equal numbers from three age groups (young, middle, and later adulthood). These participants completed an extensive questionnaire which entailed a written self-evaluation (which was coded for complexity), the identification and evaluation of significant life events (on scales of event pleasantness, outcome desirability, and event intensity, responsibility, adjustment, and anticipation), and the completion of a series of individual difference measures (life satisfaction, attitudes toward aging, repression-sensitization, and self-esteem). Participants were also interviewed regarding the personal significance of each event, discussions which were coded for integrative complexity and a measure of self in relation to others. The major results indicated that the complexity of self-evaluation (and not chronological age) was associated (curvilinearly) with the number of identified events (with low and high complexity characteristic of fewer events than moderate complexity). A similar pattern emerged between life satisfaction and this measure of complexity, but complexity was not related to any of the other individual difference variables. Unpleasant and undesirable events were discussed in more complex terms than were pleasant, desirable events. There was a similar pattern for high versus low intensity events. However, low responsibility, low adjustment, and low anticipation were associated with greater complexity than were events high on these dimensions. Women identified a greater number of events and discussed them more in terms of connectedness with significant others than did men. These results are presented in the context of the life story and their implications for this model of the self-concept are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Hays, Richard Roy. "Relationships between literacy level and job-related reading self concept." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/478855.
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This study investigated relationships between literacy level and global self concept. employment status. income level, age. and gender among students enrolled at a vocational technical college. The contribution of a subset of job-related reading self concepts to the multiple correlation was also examined. The study sample consisted of 100 students in Related Education Courses at Indiana Vocational Technical College, Region VI. Muncie. Indiana. Subjects responded to three instruments and a demographic questionnaire. The Literacy Assessment Battery (Sticht. 1982) provided literacy levels, the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (Fitts. 1964) yielded global self concept, and the Hays Job-Related Reading Survey (Hays, 1986) indicated job-related reading self concepts. Piloting of Hays Job-Related Reading Survey Reliability and construct validity were sought using responses from a sample (N = 230) closely comparable to one selected for the study. An analysis revealed four interpretable factors:(a) Positive Employee Self, (b) Perceived Limitations of Self, (c) Perceived Importance of Occupational Literacy, and (d) Perceived Value of Company Notices. Further analysis yielded coefficient alpha reliabilities of r = .69 to r = .86.Results Significant relationships were found between literacy level and the following: (a) Global Self Concept (r .20, p<.04`; (b) Global Self Concept when combined with Perceived Limitations of Self, a factor from the Hays JobRelated Reading Survey (r = .56. p<.000+); and (c) Perceived Limitations of Self alone (r = .56, p<.000+).Conclusions Both Global Self Concept and Perceived Limitations of Self were significantly related to Literacy, both singly and in combination. The "best" (most efficient) predictor of Literacy Level could be gained by Perceived Limitations of Self alone. Additional research with adults is needed to confirm the findings and expand established research at younger ages. Educational suggestions focus on strengthening self concepts and occupational literacy of adults pursuing vocational training. Business should foster occupational literacy self concepts and employer-employee relationships in the workplace. Economic implications involved public and private sector support for long-term occupational literacy and job-related reading self concept programs which may yield more effective, productive employees.
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Mead, Sherry E. "Contributions of stimulus-driven and goal-directed processing to visual selection by older and younger observers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30895.
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Kocher, Sara Johanna. "Concept identification and environmental perception: Classification and evaluation in visual landscape assessment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185489.
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This project was designed to extend the principles of natural categorization to the classification of landscapes for visual quality assessment. In the first study, 20 lay people named and outlined distinct geographic units on USGS topographic maps. Six of the units identified were selected for further study on the basis of ratings of overall environmental quality, familiarity, and naturalness. Consensual names and boundaries of the units were determined. In the second study, the same 20 subjects rated 15 scenes from each of the 6 units for representativeness (typicality) and visual quality. The ratings of representativeness and visual quality were highly reliable, with coefficients ranging from.98 to.84. The correlations between representativeness and visual quality were variable. The correlations were positive for the two high environmental quality units (r =.78 and r =.83, p<.05). Representativeness and visual quality were positively related for one of the two moderate quality environments (r =.53, p<.05). In the two low quality environments, the correlations were non-significant, but for one of these units there was a negative trend (r = -.45), and this relationship was significantly different from the other five correlations. Overall, these results suggest that the principles of natural categorization are active in the conceptual analysis of environments, judgements of representativeness and visual quality are reliable, and judgements of representativeness and visual quality are not the same. Judgements of representativeness can be used in resource decision making to provide reliable information about what is characteristic of an environment and to determine how development proposals relate to the existing character of an area. In addition, the principles of natural categorization are used in connectionist models to explain how humans identify objects and develop concepts. The principles of natural categorization are active in environmental perception, but it remains to be seen whether the connectionist approach can provide adequate models of environmental perception. This research provides a method which can be used to study how environmental perception relates to natural categorization.
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Madec, Sylvain. "Reconnaissance des lettres : contributions expérimentales en potentiels évoqués et imagerie par résonnance magnétique fonctionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4748.
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Cette thèse porte sur les processus de perception visuelle impliqués dans la reconnaissance des lettres. L’Étude 1 vise à déterminer la fenêtre temporelle à partir de laquelle les lettres sont discriminées. Nos résultats démontrent, en établissant un lien entre potentiels évoqués (PEs) et indices comportementaux, des effets apparaissant vers 100 ms et 220 ms au niveau d’électrodes occipitales droites, que nous lions à des traitements visuels, et un effet apparaissant aux alentours de 170 ms au niveau d’électrodes fronto-centrales, que nous lions à la possible récupération du nom des lettres. L’Étude 2 vise à déterminer jusqu’à quand, lors du processus de reconnaissance des lettres, trouve-t-on des influences de traitements de nature visuelle? Nous comparons les PEs de lettres nominalement similaires, mais visuellement dissimilaires (variant selon la casse), et nos résultats indiquent des influences visuelles toujours à l’œuvre aux alentours de 300 ms. L’Étude 3 vise à mettre en évidence les aires cérébrales impliquées dans la récupération du nom des lettres, révélées en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf), mais également les effets induits par cette récupération sur les PEs. Nous utilisons un paradigme d’apprentissage de symboles inconnus, durant lequel nous induisons une gradation dans la capacité des participants à pouvoir récupérer le nom des symboles. Cette gradation est alors utilisée comme marqueur de récupération du nom des symboles au niveau des PEs et des images fonctionnelles. Nous démontrons une covariation avec la gradation induite aux alentours de 200 ms sur les PEs, et au niveau du gyrus fusiforme et d’aires temporales gauches en IRMfThe aim of this thesis is to investigate visual perception processes involved in recognizing letters. Study 1 aims at determining the time window during which letters are discriminated. Our results linking event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measures, indicate effects occurring around 100 ms and 220 ms on right occipital electrodes as reflecting visual processing, while we assume that an effect occurring around 170 ms on fronto-central electrodes might be functionally linked to the retrieval of letter names.Study 2 aims at determining until when, along the process of letter recognition, influences of visual processing are observed. We compare ERPs associated with nominally similar but visually dissimilar letters (by varying the case of presentation), and our results indicate that visual influences are still active until around 300 ms. Study 3 aims at highlighting both the brain areas involved in the retrieval of letter names, as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the effects induced by this retrieval on ERPs. We use a learning paradigm of unknown visual symbols, in which we induce a gradation in the ability of participants to retrieve the name of these symbols. The gradation is used as a marker of the retrieval of the symbols’ names, both on ERPs and fMRI. We demonstrate that the induced gradation co-varies with ERPs at around 200 ms, and with fMRI signals on left fusiform gyrus and left temporal areas
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Guiard, Yves. "Latéralisation manuelle et spécialisation hémisphérique chez l'Homme : réflexions théoriques et contributions expérimentales." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22071.
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Rahnamaei, Seyed Ahmad. "The concept of self-realization in the educational philosophies of John Dewey and Allāma Ṭabāṭabāī : a compararative study." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35929.
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This study presents a comparative analytical investigation of two divergent yet parallel doctrines of self-realization. John Dewey, a distinguished American thinker, represents a naturalist pragmatist conception of self-realization on the one hand, and 'Allama Tabataba'i, a renowned Muslim philosopher, an Islamic perception on the other. While Dewey is considered a spokesperson for modern American pragmatist and humanist thought, 'Allama may be seen as typical of Islamic Shi'i thinking. In dealing with their conceptualizations of self-realization, the intention in this study is to focus on some significant aspects of the human self, to rediscover its potentiality and to determine the wisdom behind self-realization from a comparative perspective. After outlining the two thinkers' scholarly backgrounds, instructional contexts, sources, methods, works and purposes, the study examines certain specific issues. It investigates their understandings of human nature, and explores their positions on moral experience and human character, as well as on the arts and sciences as vehicles for self-realization. As its final chapter, the study elaborates the basic elements and manifestations of self-realization as depicted in Dewey's and 'Allama's systems of thought. This research aims at clarifying the parallels, similarities and differences that exist between the two scholars, through an in-depth comparison of their respective naturalist and Islamic approaches and attitudes.
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Chan, Lai-cheung Paul, and 陳澧祥. "Self-concept and participation level of extra-curricular activities inHong Kong secondary students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957031.
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