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1
SHARIPOVA, LIUDMYLA. "Of Meat, Men and Property: The Troubled Career of a Convert Nun in Eighteenth-Century Kiev." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 69, no. 2 (2017): 278–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046917000768.
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The article is based on the case study of Sr Asklipiodata, a Jewish convert to Christianity, who became a member of the monastic community in one of Kiev's Orthodox convents in the second half of the eighteenth century. It explores the ways in which the non-communal way of life in Eastern Orthodox convents impacted both upon the praxis of monastic existence within the convent walls, and relations with the secular world without. Parallel to this consideration of a lasting centrality of property ownership in Orthodox female monasticism, the article addresses the largely neglected question of Jewish assimilation in the Russian Empire prior to the Partitions of Poland (1772–93), which brought the sizeable Jewish population of the Commonwealth's eastern borderlands into close contact with the Russian state.
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Sendino, Consuelo, Hortensia Chamorro Villanueva, Gregorio Yáñez Santiago, and Mark Lewis. "The Oldest Convent in Madrid." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 16, no. 1 (2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550190620904796.
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The Convent of San Julián and San Antonio, almost one thousand years old, is one of the oldest buildings in Madrid (Spain) and one of Madrid’s treasures, not only because of its architecture, but also for its history and the characters linked to its walls. Although the building has undergone several refurbishments for different uses, such as church, center of studies, ecclesiastical prison, hospice, burial place, and private residence, it retains its original connection to the medieval period. We will analyze how the building (through adaptive reuse) and its inherent relationship to the surroundings have changed. The environment, an important factor, forms part of the cultural heritage and can play an important role in visitors’ perception. Finally, we will discuss how the different types of use may or may not affect the authenticity of historic buildings and their identity and the necessity of research of the building history for new repurposing as part of the conservation procedure assessment.
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ELBEL, MARTIN. "Early Modern Mendicancy: Franciscan Practice in the Bohemian Lands." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 69, no. 1 (2017): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204691700063x.
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Using the example of the Bohemian Franciscan Province, and its Olomouc convent in particular, this paper analyses mendicancy after the Reformation. In the early modern period mendicancy remained an important practice in the Franciscan Order. Apart from its economic function, begging was also an important means of interaction between the friars and the people. It was a complicated exchange of goods and services, which helped the friars to secure their position in society and export elements of their spirituality outside the walls of their convents.
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Walker, Claire. "Exiled Children: Care in English Convents in the 17th and 18th Centuries." Children Australia 41, no. 3 (2016): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.19.
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England's Catholic religious minority devised various strategies for its survival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including the establishment of seminaries and convents in continental Europe, predominantly in France and the Spanish Netherlands. These institutions educated the next generation of English Catholic clergy, nuns and lay householders. Although convent schools were usually small, the nuns educated young girls within their religious cloisters. The pupils followed a modified monastic routine, while they were taught the skills appropriate for young gentlewomen, such as music and needlework. While many students were placed in convents with the intention that they would become nuns, not all girls followed this trajectory. Some left the cloister of their childhood to join other religious houses or to return to England to marry and raise a new generation of Catholics. Although we have few first-hand accounts of these girls’ experiences, it is possible to piece together a sense of their lives behind cloistered walls from chronicles, obituaries and letters. While the exiled monastic life for children was difficult, surviving evidence points to the vital role of convent care in Catholic families’ strategies, and the acknowledgement of their importance by the girls placed there, whether temporarily or permanently.
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EHRENSCHWENDTNER, MARIE-LUISE. "Virtual Pilgrimages? Enclosure and the Practice of Piety at St Katherine's Convent, Augsburg." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 60, no. 1 (2009): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046908006027.
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For forty years, the sisters of St Katherine's, Augsburg, resisted the introduction of strict enclosure as a consequence of Dominican reform. This article examines the initial reactions of the sisters, explores the Dominican practice of enclosure and its connections with obedience, and the influence it had on the sisters' spirituality. After the community had finally accepted enclosure, they managed to gain a papal privilege granting them all the indulgences usually acquired through pilgrimage to Rome and commissioned a cycle of monumental paintings of the seven Roman pilgrim churches. Thus the sisters could ‘jump’ their convent's walls by embarking on substitute pilgrimages.
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Bourlakov, Gwyn. "Gender and Empire." Sibirica 19, no. 1 (2020): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2020.190103.
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The article focuses on the imprisonment of elite women from the Russian metropole and women of mixed ethnic backgrounds on the Siberian frontier in the mid-eighteenth-century. Female prisoners and their monastic jailors responded to ascribed identities, positions, and circumstances dictated by imperial policies within the walls of the Dalmatov Vvedenskii Convent, which complicates our understanding of imperial interaction, gender, and empire in Siberia.
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Ehrenschwendtner, Marie-Luise. "Jerusalem behind Walls: Enclosure, Substitute Pilgrimage, and Imagined Space in the Poor Clares’ Convent at Villingen." Mediaeval Journal 3, no. 2 (2013): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.tmj.1.103437.
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Schlegel, Jona, Geert J. Verhoeven, Patrick Cassitti, et al. "Prospecting the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Müstair (Switzerland)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (2021): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132515.
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The Benedictine Convent of Saint John at Müstair is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the eastern part of Switzerland close to South Tyrol’s border (Italy). Known as a well-preserved Carolingian building complex housing Carolingian and Romanesque frescoes, the convent has received much academic attention. However, all research activities so far have been concentrated on the area enclosed by the convent’s walls, even though the neighbouring fields to the east and south are also part of the convent’s property. This paper reports on the archaeological magnetic and ground-penetrating radar surveys of these areas, executed as part of a pilot project exploring the convent’s immediate environment. At present, these fields are used for agriculture and located on a massive alluvial fan of the mountain stream Valgarola. Dense geophysical sampling revealed an intricate network of distributary channels with stream and mudflow deposits, constituting a natural border of the convent’s territory. In addition to different field systems, a newly discovered broad pathway appears to be an original Roman road. Numerous structural elements, mapped within the convent’s walls, could be attributed to specific building phases. Over 40 large and deep burial shafts, arranged in three rows, were discovered outside the convent’s burial ground. Their specific design and arrangement are characteristic of early medieval burials, such as those of the 6th century Lombards on the edge of the eastern Alps.
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Benavides, Maria. "The Franciscan Church of Yanque (Arequipa) and Andean Culture." Americas 50, no. 3 (1994): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007168.
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Yanque, a village in the Colca Valley of southern Peru, was the capital of the Spanish province of Collaguas during the colonial period (1532-1821). It was also the seat of a Franciscan convent responsible for baptizing the native population, instructing them in Catholic doctrine and Spanish social customs, and discouraging indigenous worship of ancestors, mountains, and forces of nature. Supervised by Franciscan friars and “master builders” hired in the nearby town of Arequipa, native workers constructed a church in the sixteenth century and rebuilt it on a grander scale after the walls and roof collapsed during the 1668 earthquake.
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Muñoz, R. "Projeto de estabilização estrutural das paredes de apoio da abóbada central da Igreja de Santa Teresa." Revista ALCONPAT 4, no. 3 (2014): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v4i3.69.
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RESUMOA Igreja e o Convento de Santa Teresa, datados da segunda metade do século XVII e localizados em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, compõem um importante conjunto arquitetônico tombado pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. A Igreja apresenta uma arquitetura de transição entre o Renascimento e o Barroco, com interior do século XVIII. O teto de sua nave é constituído por uma abóbada, de alvenaria de tijolos sobre arcos de pedra aparelhada, que se apoia em paredes portantes, construídas em alvenaria de pedra, que se apresentam com fissuras e desaprumadas. Após análise detalhada, concluiu-se que esses danos ocorreram em função do empuxo horizontal exercido pela abóbada. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a solução para estabilização das paredes de apoio da abóbada central, com a utilização de tirantes metálicos. Como resultados, serão apresentados os detalhes do projeto de estabilização das paredes e a técnica para conter o desaprumo.Palavras chave: patrimônio; estabilização; estrutura; tirantes.ABSTRACTThe Church and Convent of Santa Teresa, dating from the second half of the seventeenth century and located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, comprise an important architectural complex listed by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. The Church presents an architecture style between the Renaissance and Baroque, with interior of the eighteenth century. The roof of its central aisle consists of a dome, brick masonry arches carved stone on which rests on freestanding walls, built in stone masonry, presenting cracks and without plumb. After detailed analysis it was concluded that these damages occur due to the horizontal thrust exerted by the dome. The objective of this paper is to present the solution to stabilize the walls supporting the central dome using metal rods. Results present the design details of stabilizing walls and technique used to contain the lack of plumb.Keywords: heritage; stability; structure; rods.
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Uffmann, Heike. "Inside and Outside the Convent Walls: The Norm and Practice of Enclosure in the Reformed Nunneries of Late Medieval Germany." Medieval History Journal 4, no. 1 (2001): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097194580100400105.
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Acosta-García, Pablo. "Radical Succession: Hagiography, Reform, and Franciscan Identity in the Convent of the Abbess Juana de la Cruz (1481–1534)." Religions 12, no. 3 (2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12030223.
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In this article, I study in depth the first vita of the Franciscan Tertiary abbess Juana de la Cruz (Vida y fin de la bienaventurada virgen sancta Juana de la Cruz, written c. 1534), examining it as a chronicle that narrativizes the origins and reform of a specific religious community in the Castile of the Catholic Monarchs. I argue that Vida y fin constitutes an account that was collectively written inside the walls of the enclosure that can help us understand themes, motifs, and symbolic Franciscan elements that were essential for the self-definition of its original textual community. I first discuss the narrative of the convent’s foundation and then examine the penitential identity of the community, highlighting the inspiration that Juana’s hagiography takes from the infancy of Caterina da Siena, as described in the Legenda maior by Raimondo da Capua, and analyzing to what extent the represented penitential practices related to the imitatio Christi reflect a Franciscan Tertiary identity in opposition to a Dominican one. Finally, I address the passages in which the hagiographer(s) discuss(es) the sense of belonging to the Franciscan order rather than the Dominicans, and the mystical figure of Francesco d’Assisi as a founder, guide, and exemplar.
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Carr, Thomas M. "Les Abbesses et la Parole au dix-septièème sièècle: les discours monastiques àà la lumièère des interdictions pauliniennes." Rhetorica 21, no. 1 (2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2003.21.1.1.
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One tends to take for granted that in women's monasteries the only voices raised were those of its masculine directors and preachers. However, while sermons by priests were generally reserved for Sundays and feast days, the abbesses addressed their communities several times a week or even daily. Although the Pauline prohibitions restricted women from speaking on religious topics in public or to mixed groups, within the walls of the convent that was assimilated to the private domain of a household, abbesses exhorted, instructed and rebuked their nuns at chapter meetings or during recreation sessions. Many such talks might have been considered a form of preaching if they had been delivered by abbots in a monastery of men. However, because abbesses of the era generally lacked rhetorical and theological training, they had to content themselves with the informal registers of sacred oratory.
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Macey, Patrick. "The Lauda and the Cult of Savonarola." Renaissance Quarterly 45, no. 3 (1992): 439–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862669.
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Travelers in Florence around the year 1500 who happened on Piazza San Marco toward evening might well, if they listened carefully, have caught the muffled strains of a lauda sung by the Dominican friars beyond the walls of the convent of San Marco. And if any of the words had been audible, chances are good they would have been “Ecce quam bonum et quam jocundum habitare fratres in unum” (“Behold how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity,” Ps. 132:1). Only a few years before, the streets of Florence had echoed with the singing of laude such as Ecce quam bonum as thousands of children —the Savonarolan fanciulli processed through the city on their way to the duomo. But now, in the aftermath of Savonarola's execution in 1498, his revolutionary movement had gone underground, and his adherents had retreated from the streets to the relative safety of cloisters such as San Marco.
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Mikheev, Savva M. "On Two Old Russian Inscriptions from Belarus and Poland." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.18.
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Two Old Russian graffiti inscriptions are examined in the present paper. The first one, dating back to the late 13th–early 14th centuries, is located on one of the walls of the Savior Transfiguration Church in the St. Euphrosyne convent in Polotsk, Belarus. It reads Marъkova žana dobra ‘Mark’s wife is good.’ The second graffito was inscribed on a knife handle excavated in Drohiczyn, Eastern Poland (Old Russian Dorogyčinъ), and dates to the end of the 11th through the 12th centuries. The inscription reads Ežьkovъ nožь a iže i ukradetь proklętъ . . . ‘Ezhko’s knife. Whoever steals it, be cursed . . .’ Although both inscriptions have been published, the present study adds more in-depth paleographic and linguistic commentary and suggests corrected readings. The laudatory inscription from Polotsk is particularly interesting because it contains an early example of a spelling reflecting yakanye, a trait of Belarusian phonetics, whereas the interest of the Drohiczyn inscription lies in its unusual paleographic features.
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Gutiérrez Baños, Fernando, Francisco M. Morillo Rodríguez, Jesús I. San José Alonso, and Juan José Fernández Martín. "Reconstrucción virtual 3D del coro del Convento de Santa Clara de Toro (Zamora): la recuperación de un ámbito medieval de devoción femenina mediante el registro fotogramétrico y técnicas de renderización." Virtual Archaeology Review 7, no. 15 (2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.5983.
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<p>The Convent of Santa Clara in Toro (Zamora) was founded in the mid-13<sup>th</sup> century. After destruction during the Castilian civil struggles of the last years of this century, its fabric was rebuilt and it was inhabited again by the Clarissan nuns, who still occupy it. Its architecture corresponds for the most part to its early-14<sup>th</sup> century rebuilding, even though it is concealed by works carried out from the 16<sup>th</sup> to the 18<sup>th</sup> centuries, so that it is apparently a Baroque complex. In the 1950s, in the choir of this Medieval hidden structure, a set of wall paintings of the mid-14thcentury was brought to light (one of the most important set of wall paintings of the early Gothic period ever found in Castile), but they were immediately detached from the walls and sold. It was only after a combination of circumstances that they came back to Toro to be installed in another building, the church of San Sebastián de los Caballeros, transformed into a museum. As a consequence of all these operations, the arrangement and sense of these wall paintings was lost. The virtual three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, based on a deep analysis and criticism of historical sources and on a close inspection and photogrammetric recording of the original room once occupied by the wall paintings, enables us to place them back in their original context through the use of rendering techniques, so recovering one of the most exciting spaces of female devotion of the Castilian 14thcentury.</p>
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Wasik, Bogusz. "The castle in Świecie: The topography and building techniques of the Teutonic Order’s castle." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 300, no. 2 (2018): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134886.
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The construction of the castle in Świecie began around 1335. It was located on the fork of the Vistula and Wda rivers. The Vistula initially passed directly under the southern walls of the castle, while the Wda was sepa�rated from it. The outer ward protected the wide moat from the west. The next moat surrounded the upper castle on three sides. The outer ward had a plan similar to that of a rectangle. To the west there was a gate with a tower and a cowshed, from the south – the house of the commander and stables, and from the north perhaps also the armoury and infirmary. Surrounded by the parcham, the convent house was built on a square plan with a cylin�drical “bergfried” (tower) in the north-west corner and three lower cylindrical towers in the other. It had two fully raised wings – in the north it housed, amongst others, a chapel and refectory, and in the eastern wing a brewery, bakery and dormitory. From the south and west there were single storey buildings present in the Middle Ages, housing a kitchen (in the south) associated rooms and a basement (in the western wing). Based on the analysis of architecture and the results of archaeological research it is possible to reconstruct the stages and techniques of construction. After setting the proportions of the building by the “ad quadratum” method, a perimeter curtain wall was first built. Subsequently, the internal buildings were successively constructed from the main (northern) wing. The area of the courtyard and the parcham were raised by 2–3 metres. Subsequently, the upper floors of the “Bergfried”, the parcham wall, and, finally, the outer ward were erected.
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Jasińska, Anna, and Artur Jasiński. "SUSCH MUSEUM." Muzealnictwo 61 (April 2, 2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0805.
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Opened in January 2019, the Museum Susch crowned the collecting efforts of Grażyna Kulczyk, who, following her failed attempts at establishing a contemporary art Museum in Poznan and Warsaw, finally found home for her collection in a small Swiss village located between two Alps resorts: Sankt Moritz and Davos. The combination of both spectacular mountainous landscape and the edifices of an old convent into which the display has been built, as well as the purposefully created art pieces, contribute to creating a peculiar atmosphere of the place. Nature, architecture, and art have all merged into one total work here, namely into a contemporary Gesamtkunstwerk. Poland is echoed in the Museum: e.g. the genuine name of the institution: ‘Muzeum Susch’ is a combination of Polish and German words; furthermore, the pieces presented in the collection are to a great extent made up of works by contemporary Polish artists; wooden walls of the Museum Café are decorated with prints showing the Zakopane ‘Under Fir Trees’ (Pod Jedlami) Villa. The question whether Grażyna Kulczyk’s collection has found its final home here, or whether it is still possible for it to return to Poland, continues open. The collector herself does not provide an unambiguous answer to this.
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Grześkowiak, Radosław, and Jakub Niedźwiedź. "Unknown Polish Subscriptions to the Emblems of Otto van Veen and Herman Hugo: A Study on the Functioning of Western Religious Engravings in the Old-Polish Culture." Terminus 21, Special Issue 1 (2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.19.024.11285.
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The Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Musem in Cracow holds an impressive collection of old engravings, among which there are also copperplates by Cornelis Galle. He used selected prints from Amorum emblemata (1608) and Amoris divini emblemata (1615) by Otton van Veen and Pia desideria (1624) by Herman Hugo to create his own emblematic cycle on metaphysical relations between the Soul and Amor Divinus. The drawings from the works of Veen and Hugo were very popular in the seventeenth century and inspired numerous poets and editors around Europe. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, it was Hugo’s Pia desideria that aroused particular interest. The cycle was imitated and translated by e.g. Mikołaj Mieleszko SJ, Zbigniew Morsztyn, Aleksander Teodor Lacki, and Jan Kościesza Żaba. On three of Galle’s prints stored in the Cracow museum, an anonymous author wrote epigrams, unknown until now, that accompany the images taken from the cycle by Veen (no. 8 and 21) and by Hugo (II 5). This emblematic microcycle was, with all probability, written down at the end of the seventeenth or at the beginning of the eighteenth century by a nun or a monk in one of the Lesser Polish convents or monasteries. Possibly, the origins of the cycle may be linked with the Carmelite convent in Cracow. And whether it is the actual place where the cycle was created or not, it is a good point to begin studies on the employment of emblematic practices in Catholic convents and monasteries in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. Imported copperplates and woodcuts were a typical piece of the equipment of a cell. They were hung on the cell walls or were simply collected in sets of prints and often exchanged as gifts among nuns or monks, e.g. on the occasion of the New Year (an example of such a gift from 1724 is given in this paper). It was a common practice to write notes of diverse character on the reverse side of such prints, e.g. autobiographic details, short prayers or excerpts from sacred texts and religious literature. Still, the main purpose of the emblems was their application in everyday meditations and other forms of personal prayers. The three subscriptiones in the Ethnographic Museum in Cracow are also prayers of this kind, combining word and image.
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McManners, J. "Voltaire and the Monks." Studies in Church History 22 (1985): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400008044.
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‘You can never cross the Pont Neuf without seeing a monk, a white horse and a whore’, ran the proverb – which was hard luck on the two ladies who stood there and saw the first two but could not find the third: ‘Pour la catin, vous et moi nous n’en sommes pas en peines’. Members of the religious Orders in their costumes of black, white, brown and grey were a feature of the scene in the streets of every town, and everyone had a monk or nun among their relatives. Voltaire’s sardonic examples of the characteristic features of the civilisation of his day included them: ‘man will always be what he is now; this does not mean to say, however, that there will always be fine cities, cannons firing a shot of 24 lbs weight, comic operas and convents of nuns’. Routine gossip slipped naturally into analogies drawn from the cloister – she is as fat as a monk; they were like children at a window crying out when they first see a Capucin friar; you are like a novice who climbs the walls looking for a lover, while the nuns in the chapel pray for her. Voltaire uses monastic titles in jocular descriptions of himself and his friends. He is the ‘old hermit’, the ‘lay brother’, the ‘solitary’, ‘brother Voltaire, dead to the world and in love with his cell and his convent’, and once, when his play Octave et le jeune Pompée was a flop, he decided to be, for a while, ‘the little ex-Jesuit’, ‘le petit défroqué’. He hopes ‘brother’ Helvétius will be elected to the Academy: ‘these are the most ardent prayers of the monk Voltairius, who from his lonely cell unites himself in spirit with his brethren’. The badinage of monastic seclusion hinted at protest at his long exile from Paris; it also served to mask the social distinctions, which, in spite of familiarity and, even, friendship, were never forgotten between the court grandees and the intellectuals. It was easier for Choiseul to write to him as ‘mon cher solitaire’, just as Voltaire avoided routine sycophancy by writing, with exaggerated deference, to Richelieu as ‘mon héros’.
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Jóźwiak, Sławomir, and Janusz Trupinda. "Lokalizacja infirmerii w topografii krzyżackich zamków komturskich w Prusach w późnym średniowieczu." Studia Historica Gedanensia 11 (2020): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.20.005.13611.
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The location of infirmaries in Teutonic Order castles topography in late Medieval Prussia In the primary Rule of the Teutonic Order, written in the middle of the 13th century, maintaining hospitals by the organisation is in its content, yet the generality of the normative provisions contained in that source bears a number of questions which are difficult to answer in a satisfactory way. From the main paragraphs referring to that issue it is impossible to conclude whether those hospitals/infirmaries were intended for secular persons or the brother friars of the Order. Detailed regulations on the subject were additionally provided in Statutes written around the same time. In accordance with those provisions, if a friar knight fell ill, then he should stay in bed for a few days. In case of prolongation of this state, he was to be moved to a common chamber for the sick – the infirmary. Only the Grand Master and his deputy had the right to be treated in their own chambers. However, it must be remembered that those regulations were formulated mostly in reference to the main convent of the Teutonic Order in the Holy Land. This institution was subordinate to the Great Commander and it was him who provided for medical care and medicines for the sick through his appointed subordinate official (“firmariemeister”). From the 13th century normative sources it cannot be concluded where the infirmaries were supposed to be located in the castle grounds. What does this issue look like in reference to the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the 14th and 15th centuries? Unfortunately, in the current literature of the subject it has been attempted to identify the locations of castle infirmaries exclusively on the basis of architectural data of preserved commander castles (still enerally sparse). Meanwhile, the problem is that limiting only to that sort of sources when examining the issue does not provide any evidential basis to indicate the location of infirmaries in the spatial configuration of the Teutonic strongholds. Only the analysis of written sources of the époque (starting with the end of the 14th century) allows to state that nearly all infirmaries of commander castles of the time in Prussia intended both for the members of the Teutonic Order (brothers, priests) and secular servants‑dieners were locate within the bailey. Sparse exceptions from that rule would only apply to the capital castle in Malbork, where one of the infirmaries might have been located in the area of the proper convent of the high castle and to the one in Konigsberg, where the infirmary for servant‑dieners of the Order was located outside the defensive walls of the bailey.
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Effenberger, Arne. "Die Kirche des hl. Romanos in Konstantinopel und ihr Umfeld." Millennium 14, no. 1 (2017): 191–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mill-2017-0006.
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Abstract The church of St. Romanus in the neighborhood of the Gate of St. Romanus of the Theodosian Land Walls was erected during the Theodosian era and existed until the late Byzantine period. Because of its crypt,which included a famous collection of relics (prophets and saints) the church was an important destination of the Christian pilgrimage. In the first part of this article I consider the written sources, liturgical data and the topographical situation regarding the church and the neighboring structures. The second part examines the location and the current state of the Gate of St. Romanus. Herein the unjustifiable assertions of M. Philippides and W. K. Hanak against the correct identification of the gate by N. Asutay-Effenberger are refuted. The third part deals with the crypts of the Byzantine churches and suggests that the crypt of the Church of St. Romanus was a substructure, which supported the building. The fourth part focuses on the cult of the two saints Elizabeth the Wonderworker and Thomaïs of Lesbos and considers the history of the women’s convent τὰ Mικρὰ Ῥωμαίου. This monastery near the cistern of Mokios was restored by the empress Theodora Palaiologina between 1282 and 1303 and consecrated to the Saints Cosmas and Damianus. The last section discusses some other churches and private properties in the vicinity of the Church of St. Romanus,which are mentioned in the late Byzantine written sources. They are all situated on the road leading from the gate of St. Romanus into the city. Today, only the Manastır Mescidi stands on this route, but it cannot be identified with any of these churches, which appear in the written sources.
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Jakulis, Martynas. "NOBILES PAUPERES: VILNIAUS MISIONIERIŲ ŠPITOLĖS GLOBOTINIAI XVIII A." Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija, T. 4 (October 8, 2018): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/xviiiastudijos/t.4/a2.
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In 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished nobles in Vilnius. Situated near the newly built church of the Ascension and the convent of the Congregation of Mission in the Subocz suburb beyond the city walls, this hospital was the first and, until the end of the eighteenth century, the only charitable institution providing care for individuals of particular social status. The article, based on the hospital’s registry book and other sources, examines the quantitative, as well as qualitative characteristics of the institution’s clientele, such as its fluctuations in size, its social composition, and the causes of its inmates’ impoverishment. The research revealed that, despite the demand for care, the overseers managed to maintain a stable number of inmates, rarely admitting more than one or two persons every year, and thus ensuring a steady operation of the hospital (see table 1). However, in contrast with other charitable institutions in Vilnius, the clientele of the Congregation of Mission hospital changed frequently because of expulsions (39.6 percent of all cases) and inmates leaving the hospital on their own initiative (20.1 percent) already in the first year of their stay. The mortality of inmates (27.8 percent) affected the size and turnover of the clientele to a much lesser extent than observed in other hospitals. Although there are no reliable data on the inmates’ age and health, such statistics show that they probably were younger and healthier than the clients of other charitable institutions in Vilnius. Moreover, the Congregation of Mission hospital’s inmates differed from the clients of other institutions in respect of social composition. Impoverished petty nobles, originating mainly from the districts of Lida and Oszmiana, constituted the majority (56.25 percent) of the hospital’s inmates whose social status is noted in the registry book (62.5 percent). The nobles became clients of the Congregation of Mission hospital either because of old age, disability, as well as other accidental causes, or because of increased social vulnerability outside mutual aid networks, comprised of family members, kin or neighbours. The article argues that the foundation of a hospital designated to provide care primarily for impoverished nobles shows that the poverty of nobles was recognized by contemporaries as a social problem that should be tackled. Keywords: poverty, charity, hospital, the Congregation of Mission, Vilnius, nobles, eighteenth century.
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Mollenauer, Lynn Wood. "Breaching the Wall: Beyond the Convent in Catholic Reformation Europe." Journal of Women's History 26, no. 2 (2014): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2014.0035.
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Bhasin, Christine Scippa. "Prostitutes, Nuns, Actresses: Breaking the Convent Wall in Seventeenth-Century Venice." Theatre Journal 66, no. 1 (2014): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.2014.0029.
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Akkemik, Unal. "A NEW SPECIES OF JUNIPEROXYLON FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE OF NORTHWESTERN TURKEY." Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, no. 17 (1) (October 29, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2021.01.02.
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Many different Cupressaceae species were described from the early Miocene of Turkey. Particularly, Glyptostroboxylon Conventz, 1885 and Taxodioxylon Hartig, 1848 from Cupressaceae are the most common genera. With the present study, a new fossil Juniperoxylon (Houlbert, 1910) Kräusel, 1949 species from early Miocene of north-western Turkey was described as Juniperoxylon acarcaea Akkemik sp. nov. The new species has diffuse and zonate axial parenchyma, 2-3 (5) cupressoid pits per cross-field, sometimes presence of crassulae, uniseriate to biseriate, opposite, frequent, contiguous and sometimes spaced radial wall pits, even uniseriate and irregularly or alternately biseriate pits on tangential walls, horizontal walls of rays smooth and/or pitted, ray width uniseriate and rarely partly biseriate, and end walls of axial parenchyma nodular and smooth. The new species is the first Juniperoxylon species description from Turkey. According to the vegetation units (VU), this fossil species may indicate the forest was likely well-drained lowland and/or upland conifer forest (VU7).
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MOTSHWENE, Precious, Wolf BRANDT, and George LINDSEY. "Significant quantities of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase are present in the cell wall of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biochemical Journal 369, no. 2 (2003): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021352.
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NaOH was used to extract proteins from the cell walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This treatment was shown not to disrupt yeast cells, as NaOH-extracted cells displayed a normal morphology upon electron microscopy. Moreover, extracted and untreated cells had qualitatively similar protein contents upon disruption. When yeast was grown in the presence of 1M mannitol, two proteins were found to be present at an elevated concentration in the cell wall. These were found to be the late-embryogenic-abundant-like protein heat-shock protein 12 and the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase. The presence of phosphoglycerate mutase in the cell wall was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis. Not only was the phosphoglycerate mutase in the yeast cell wall found to be active, but whole yeast cells were also able to convert 3-phosphoglycerate in the medium into ethanol, provided that the necessary cofactors were present.
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Plaza, Verónica, Evelyn Silva-Moreno, and Luis Castillo. "Breakpoint: Cell Wall and Glycoproteins and their Crucial Role in the Phytopathogenic Fungi Infection." Current Protein & Peptide Science 21, no. 3 (2020): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190906165111.
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The cell wall that surrounds fungal cells is essential for their survival, provides protection against physical and chemical stresses, and plays relevant roles during infection. In general, the fungal cell wall is composed of an outer layer of glycoprotein and an inner skeletal layer of β-glucans or α- glucans and chitin. Chitin synthase genes have been shown to be important for septum formation, cell division and virulence. In the same way, chitin can act as a potent elicitor to activate defense response in several plant species; however, the fungi can convert chitin to chitosan during plant infection to evade plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, α-1,3-Glucan, a non-degradable polysaccharide in plants, represents a key feature in fungal cell walls formed in plants and plays a protective role for this fungus against plant lytic enzymes. A similar case is with β-1,3- and β-1,6-glucan which are essential for infection, structure rigidity and pathogenicity during fungal infection. Cell wall glycoproteins are also vital to fungi. They have been associated with conidial separation, the increase of chitin in conidial cell walls, germination, appressorium formation, as well as osmotic and cell wall stress and virulence; however, the specific roles of glycoproteins in filamentous fungi remain unknown. Fungi that can respond to environmental stimuli distinguish these signals and relay them through intracellular signaling pathways to change the cell wall composition. They play a crucial role in appressorium formation and penetration, and release cell wall degrading enzymes, which determine the outcome of the interaction with the host. In this review, we highlight the interaction of phypatophogen cell wall and signaling pathways with its host and their contribution to fungal pathogenesis.
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Palmieri, Alice. "The Wheel and the Cloister in the Rule of Seclusion: Architectural Elements or Elements of a Communication System?" Resourceedings 2, no. 3 (2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i3.655.
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When Walter Benjamin describes Naples, he defines its architecture ’porous like this stone’ assimilating the structural characteristic of the tuff to an architectural model, characterized by voids and openings that create an interpenetration between interior and exterior. These continuous breakthroughs also characterize the life of Neapolitans who are used to living the street as part of social life. Right in the historical centre, where these dynamics are deeply present, there are some cloistered convents that by definition are closed to the city. This paper investigates sacred architecture not as a celebrative space, but as a place of living for religious communities. The focus is on the monasteries: peculiar structures deeply marked in the architecture by the need for confidentiality and therefore to create filters, physical and visual, with the rest of the urban area. The convents of Naples, through the wheels (intended for the passage of offerings) and through the cloisters, establish a relationship with the city that over the centuries has changed with a progressive opening to the inhabitants who are now allowed to get closer to these realities. The research finally deepens the architecture of the convent of Santa Maria in Gerusalemme, commonly known as the monastery of ‘the Thirty-three’, adjacent to the historical hospital of the Incurabili with which it shares its origins since both were founded by the Venerable Maria Lorenza Longo. Despite the closure and the high fence wall, the presence of the monastery is very strong: it is a reference and a listening point, where the ancient wooden wheel still represents a way of communication between the residents of the district and the nuns. In the same way, the cloister and the refectory have transformed their function over the centuries, becoming spaces for public events, while remaining in line with the rules of the Order.The study of the structure and dynamics of communication from/to the convent proposes a reflection on the transformations of religious architecture in the urban context and on the changes in language and meaning of the architectural elements characterizing the monastery.
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Jang, Hanme, Kiyun Yu, and JongHyeon Yang. "Indoor Reconstruction from Floorplan Images with a Deep Learning Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020065.
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Although interest in indoor space modeling is increasing, the quantity of indoor spatial data available is currently very scarce compared to its demand. Many studies have been carried out to acquire indoor spatial information from floorplan images because they are relatively cheap and easy to access. However, existing studies do not take international standards and usability into consideration, they consider only 2D geometry. This study aims to generate basic data that can be converted to indoor spatial information using IndoorGML (Indoor Geography Markup Language) thick wall model or the CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) level of detail 2 by creating vector-formed data while preserving wall thickness. To achieve this, recent Convolutional Neural Networks are used on floorplan images to detect wall and door pixels. Additionally, centerline and corner detection algorithms were applied to convert wall and door images into vector data. In this manner, we obtained high-quality raster segmentation results and reliable vector data with node-edge structure and thickness attributes that enabled the structures of vertical and horizontal wall segments and diagonal walls to be determined with precision. Some of the vector results were converted into CityGML and IndoorGML form and visualized, demonstrating the validity of our work.
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Ortega-Lazcano, Jesús Benjamín, Demetrio Mendoza-Anaya, Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez, Juan Hernández-Ávila, Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval, and Ventura Rodríguez-Lugo. "Study of Pigments from the Colonial Convent of Actopan, Hidalgo, Mexico." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080852.
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In this work, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to study blue, red, and ochre pigments from wall paintings of the 16th century colonial convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino in Actopan, Hidalgo, Mexico. In the blue pigments, nanometric fibers with a chemical composition of mostly O, Si, Al, and Mg were identified. XRD and FTIR analysis indicated the presence of palygorskite clay, which suggests that these analyzed blue pigments are similar to Mayan blue. In the red pigment, structures with different morphologies (spines and flake shapes, for instance), with a composition of C, O, Al, Si, S, Ca, Na, Mg, and K and a higher concentration of Fe and Pb, were observed. Complementary analysis showed that the red color originates from hematite and lead. Finally, the ochre pigment showed a significant presence of O and Fe, which was associated with the goethite mineral, while calcite was a crystalline phase identified in all analyzed pigments; these show that these pigments are characteristic of the known Mexican Colonial color palette.
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Locherer, K. R., A. Buckley, and E. K. H. Salje. "MESO– a program to convert X-ray diffraction data from angular to reciprocal space." Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, no. 2 (1999): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898017221.
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A computer code has been developed to convert X-ray diffraction data generated by Siemens X-1000 and Siemens HISTAR area detectors and INEL CPS 120 linear detectors from angular to reciprocal space. Programs have been written to visualize and analyse the resulting data using AVS (Advanced Visual Systems Inc., MA, USA). Two examples of the application ofMESOto problems in X-ray diffuse scattering are presented. Firstly, the `butterfly' associated with tweed microstructure in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2(Cu1–xMx)3O7–δ. Secondly, the `dog bone' generated by scattering off domain walls in the perovskite-like WO3.
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Padil, Padil, Siti Syamsiah, Muslikhin Hidayat, and Rina Sri Kasiamdari. "KINERJA ENZIM GANDA PADA PRETREATMENT MIKROALGA UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 5, no. 2 (2017): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v5i2.7564.
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The use of biomass of microalgae as a feedstock to produce bioethanol is very promising, it is caused by a large amount of carbohydrates contained in microalgae physiology cell. The main obstacle of enzymatic hydrolysis in order to produce bioethanol is the bound starch granules in a rigid cell wall. Therefore, pre-treatment steps needed to remove and convert complex carbohydrates into simple sugars before the fermentation process. Tetraselmis Chuii microalgae species are green microalgae (Chlorophyta) in which the cell wall containing cellulose and hemicellulose as the main constituent, therefore, this study observe the effect of the use of cellulase enzymes and xylanase as a strategy to open up the cell walls of microalgae. Another investigated parameter is the enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and methods of use of enzymes. The results showed that the highest yield of glucose obtained was 31.912% (w / w) and is achieved under the conditions of a temperature of 45oC, pH of 4.5, the amount of biomass of microalgae as 5 g/L, the concentration of cellulase enzymes and xilanase 30% (w / w) at 40 minute at mechanism using cellulase and xylanase enzymes simultaneously.
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Glod, Lukáš, Gabriela Vasziová, Jana Tóthová, and Vladimír Lisý. "Field-Driven Brownian Motion of Magnetic Domain Walls." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 5 (2010): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0041-4.
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Field-Driven Brownian Motion of Magnetic Domain WallsThe dynamics of a magnetic domain wall (DW) in a wire is studied. The DW is modeled as a Brownian particle subjected to thermal fluctuations and is characterized by the mass, position and velocity. Its motion is damped by friction, pinned by the irregularities in the material and driven by a constant force due to the external magnetic field. We have obtained the corresponding Langevin equation that contains a white-noise force. The use of an effective method taken from the statistical physics allowed us to convert this stochastic equation into an ordinary differential equation. From its solution the mean square displacement of the DW with other relevant time correlation functions and their spectral densities have been found. The electric current induced by the moving DW is also calculated.
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Ehrenberg, Rachel. "Molecules: Seaweed fuels bioenergy optimism: Engineered E. coli convert cell wall component into ethanol." Science News 181, no. 5 (2012): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591810523.
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Straulino-Mainou, Luisa, Teresa Pi-Puig, Becket Lailson-Tinoco, et al. "Maya Blue Used in Wall Paintings in Mexican Colonial Convents of the XVI Century." Coatings 11, no. 1 (2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010088.
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Maya blue is a well-known pre-Hispanic pigment, composed of palygorskite or sepiolite and indigo blue, which was used by various Mesoamerican cultures for centuries. There has been limited research about its continued use during the Viceroyalty period; therefore, the sixteenth century is the perfect period through which to study the continuity of pre-Hispanic traditions. The fact that the indigenous people were active participants in the construction and decoration of convents makes their wall paintings a good sampling material. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed in samples of blue found in convents across Puebla, Tlaxcala and Morelos in order to identify whether the numerous hues of blue were achieved with Maya blue or with other pigments. We found no copper (Cu) or cobalt (Co) with the XRF, so several pigments, such as azurite, smalt or verdigris, were discarded. With SEM, we discovered that the micromorphology of certain blues was clearly needle-shaped, suggesting the presence of palygorskite or sepiolite. In addition, we found silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in all blue samples, which also suggests the presence of these magnesium-rich clay minerals. With the XRD samples, we verified that the blues were produced with these two clay minerals, thus confirming that several wall paintings were manufactured with Maya blue. These findings confirm that this particular manmade pre-Hispanic pigment, Maya blue, was an important pigment prior to the Viceroyal period.
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Jerman, Mateja. "Srebrni zidni svijećnjaci cara Leopolda I. u franjevačkom samostanu na Trsatu." Ars Adriatica, no. 6 (January 1, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.535.
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The aim of this paper is to publish and place in an art-historical context two silver wall candelabra with busts of classical antique figures surrounded by intertwined stylized acanthus leaves. The candelabra are kept in the Franciscan convent of Trsat. They were last documented in a photo-documentary campaign by Artur Schneider during the 1930s, and in 1974 they were added to the culturalheritage list as part of the convent's inventory. It is a very valuable set of silver wall candelabra, donated to the Franciscan convent of Trsat in 1693 by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Habsburg (1658-1705). The author refers to the written sources confirming the commission of the candelabra and analyses the evolution of their peculiar typology. In their design and iconographic programme, judging by the various analogies and graphic models, they corresponded to the production of Augsburg goldsmiths. This hypothesis is supported by the hallmark of the city of Augsburg and another one indicating goldsmith Antoni Grill I, documented in that art centre in the period from 1668-1700.
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Xie, Shangxian, Xing Qin, Yanbing Cheng, et al. "Simultaneous conversion of all cell wall components by an oleaginous fungus without chemi-physical pretreatment." Green Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2015): 1657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01529k.
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White, James, Kathryn Kingsley, Satish Verma, and Kurt Kowalski. "Rhizophagy Cycle: An Oxidative Process in Plants for Nutrient Extraction from Symbiotic Microbes." Microorganisms 6, no. 3 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030095.
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In this paper, we describe a mechanism for the transfer of nutrients from symbiotic microbes (bacteria and fungi) to host plant roots that we term the ‘rhizophagy cycle.’ In the rhizophagy cycle, microbes alternate between a root intracellular endophytic phase and a free-living soil phase. Microbes acquire soil nutrients in the free-living soil phase; nutrients are extracted through exposure to host-produced reactive oxygen in the intracellular endophytic phase. We conducted experiments on several seed-vectored microbes in several host species. We found that initially the symbiotic microbes grow on the rhizoplane in the exudate zone adjacent the root meristem. Microbes enter root tip meristem cells—locating within the periplasmic spaces between cell wall and plasma membrane. In the periplasmic spaces of root cells, microbes convert to wall-less protoplast forms. As root cells mature, microbes continue to be subjected to reactive oxygen (superoxide) produced by NADPH oxidases (NOX) on the root cell plasma membranes. Reactive oxygen degrades some of the intracellular microbes, also likely inducing electrolyte leakage from microbes—effectively extracting nutrients from microbes. Surviving bacteria in root epidermal cells trigger root hair elongation and as hairs elongate bacteria exit at the hair tips, reforming cell walls and cell shapes as microbes emerge into the rhizosphere where they may obtain additional nutrients. Precisely what nutrients are transferred through rhizophagy or how important this process is for nutrient acquisition is still unknown.
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Zhou, Chun Yan. "Application Research of Environmental Cost Analysis Method on Envelope Enclosure Design of Northern Rural House." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.772.
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Today, the global ecological environment is deteriorating and building's impact on the environment is more and more noticed by people. This paper introduces a environmental cost analysis method. It can effectively convert emissions of pollutants into environmental cost, and reflects environmental performance from the economic point of view. This paper take global warming as study represent of the environmental problems, and take rural houses’ wall of Harbin as research objects, analyzing emissions of the four wall structures in their whole life cycles, namely the traditional 490mm thick solid clay bricks wall, EPS exterior insulation composite wall, EPS sandwich insulation composite wall and straw brick wall. Results show that environmental cost of straw brick wall is lowest in whole life cycle, and environmental impact is the smallest.
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ROBLES-KELLY, ANTONIO, and EDWIN R. HANCOCK. "STRING EDIT DISTANCE, RANDOM WALKS AND GRAPH MATCHING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 03 (2004): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003277.
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This paper shows how the eigenstructure of the adjacency matrix can be used for the purposes of robust graph matching. We commence from the observation that the leading eigenvector of a transition probability matrix is the steady state of the associated Markov chain. When the transition matrix is the normalized adjacency matrix of a graph, then the leading eigenvector gives the sequence of nodes of the steady state random walk on the graph. We use this property to convert the nodes in a graph into a string where the node-order is given by the sequence of nodes visited in the random walk. We match graphs represented in this way, by finding the sequence of string edit operations which minimize edit distance.
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Zigta, B. "Effect of Thermal Radiation, Chemical Reaction and Viscous Dissipation on MHD Flow." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 23, no. 3 (2018): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2018-0043.
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Abstract This study examines the effect of thermal radiation, chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on a magnetohydro- dynamic flow in between a pair of infinite vertical Couette channel walls. The momentum equation accounts the effects of both the thermal and the concentration buoyancy forces of the flow. The energy equation addresses the effects of the thermal radiation and viscous dissipation of the flow. Also, the concentration equation includes the effects of molecular diffusivity and chemical reaction parameters. The gray colored fluid considered in this study is a non-scattering medium and has the property of absorbing and emitting radiation. The Roseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The velocity of flow transforms kinetic energy into heat energy. The increment of the velocity due to internal energy results in heating up of the fluid and consequently it causes increment of the thermal buoyancy force. The Eckert number being the ratio of the kinetic energy of the flow to the temperature difference of the channel walls is directly proportional to the thermal energy dissipation. It can be observed that increasing the Eckert number results in increasing velocity. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the channel walls. The temperature of the moving wall is high enough due to the presence of thermal radiation. The solution of the governing equations is obtained using regular perturbation techniques. These techniques help to convert partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations in dimensionless form and thus they are solved analytically. The following results are obtained: from the simulation study it is observed that the flow pattern of the fluid is affected due to the influence of the thermal radiation, the chemical reaction and viscous dissipation. The increment in the Hartmann number results in the increment of the Lorentz force but a decrement in velocity of the flow. An increment in the radiative parameter results in a decrement in temperature. An increment in the Prandtl number results in a decrement in thermal diffusivity. An increment in both the chemical reaction parameter and molecular diffusivity results in a decrement in concentration.
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Nasir, Muhammad, Adnan Saeed Butt, and Asif Ali. "Unsteady Chemically Reacting Casson Fluid Flow in an Irregular Channel with Convective Boundary." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 70, no. 8 (2015): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2014-0260.
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AbstractA mathematical model has been performed for momentum, temperature, and mass concentration of a time-dependent Casson fluid flow between a long vertical wavy wall and a parallel wavy wall subject to convective boundary conditions. Perturbation technique is used to convert the coupled partial differential equations for velocity, temperature, and mass concentration to systems of ordinary differential equations. Analytical results for these differential equations are computed. The effects of various physical parameters such as thermal conductivity, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, heat absorption parameter, and Biot number are analysed graphically.
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Dong, C., K. Beis, M. F. Giraud, et al. "A structural perspective on the enzymes that convert dTDP-d-glucose into dTDP-l-rhamnose." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 3 (2003): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0310532.
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Bacteria have a rich collection of biochemical pathways for the synthesis of complex metabolites. These conversions often involve chemical reactions that are hard to reproduce in the laboratory. An area of considerable interest is in the manipulation and synthesis of carbohydrates. In contrast with amino acids, carbohydrates are densely functionalized (each carbon atom is attached to at least one heteroatom) and this holds out the prospect of discovering novel enzyme mechanisms. The results from the study of the biosynthetic dTDP-l-rhamnose pathway are discussed. dTDP-l-rhamnose is a key intermediate in many pathogenic bacteria, as it is the donor for l-rhamnose, which is found in the cell wall of important human pathogens, such as Mycobacteria tuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium. All four enzymes have been structurally characterized; in particular, the acquisition of structural data on substrate complexes was extremely useful. The structural data have guided site-directed-mutagenesis studies that have been used to test mechanistic hypotheses. The results shed light on three classes of enzyme mechanism: nucleotide condensation, short-chain dehydrogenase activity and epimerization.
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Mcdonald, G., TR New, and RA Farrow. "Geographical and Temporal Distribution of the Common Armyworm, Mythimna Convecta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Eastern Australia: Larval Habitats and Outbreaks." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 6 (1995): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950601.
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Surveys for juvenile Mythimna convecta throughout the agricultural and arid regions of eastern Australia were conducted from 1986 to 1989. Armyworm populations north of 33 degrees S were generally dominated by M. convecta, and further south by Persectania ewingii. M. convecta was most widely distributed in spring. Incidence during autumn and winter ranged from very low in Victoria to high in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Summer infestations were found mostly on the south-east coast where favourable habitats were abundant. Colonised habitats included extremely arid regions, where small numbers of larvae were associated with grasses in temporary watercourses, and the higher-rainfall, eastern regions. The largest infestations occurred in south-east Queensland and north central and north-east New South Wales, particularly after heavy autumn rains. There appeared to be two generations of M. convecta over the autumn/winter period: the first a synchronised event starting on the autumn rains and the second commencing in June/July and comprising a wide spread in age distribution. The progeny of the winter generation are probably the source of most economic outbreaks. Mythimna convecta larvae were collected from subtropical and temperate grasses. In the former, most larvae were found in tussocks, particularly of Dichanthium sericeum and Chloris truncata, which provided a dense, fine-leaf crown and canopy. After good autumn rainfall and vegetative growth, the wiry-stemmed tussocks, including Astrebla spp. and C. ciliaris, were also common hosts. The temperate grasses, particularly Avena fatua and Hordeum leporinum, were the main winter hosts although the greatest densities were found only in thick swards of growth, particularly those that contained dried grass. Two of the largest surveys, in autumn 1987 and 1988, followed periods of heavy rain and provided strongly contrasting results. The 1987 survey of central and south-west Queensland located no M. convecta larvae, indicating that densities were below detection thresholds. The paucity of larvae was attributed to lack of suitable atmospheric conditions to assist moth immigrations and absence of adequate populations in potential source areas. The 1988 survey revealed a major outbreak of M. convecta larvae in south-east Queensland and northern New South Wales. The area received record rains during early April of that year, and the outbreak probably arose from moth migrations from the east and south-east coast. An outbreak of similar scale occurred after further heavy autumn rains in 1989.
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Kwan, Chin Tarn, and Zhi Kai Chang. "A Study of Preform Design on Backward Extrusion for Improved Hardness Distribution." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.247.
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In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the effect of preform shapes on the strain hardening distribution in the wall of the extruded cup of backward extrusion. A series of simulations on the backward extrusion with three different preform shapes (flat, concave and convex) and without preform using the FEM program DEFORM 2D was carried out, respectively. The influence of preform shapes on the effective strain distribution in the extruded wall was examined. A hardness vs. effective strain curve for an annealed AL6061 Aluminum was first obtained using a simple forging test in conjunction with FE simulations, then the curve was used to convert the effective strain distribution into the hardness distribution in the extruded wall. The results of FEM calculations reveal that the concave shape preform has the best effect on the hardness strengthening at the extruded wall of backward extrusion.
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Shukla, Ambika Shanker, Akanksha Chouhan, Rachit Pandey, et al. "Generation of charge current from magnetization oscillation via the inverse of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect." Science Advances 6, no. 32 (2020): eabc2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc2618.
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It is well known that oscillating magnetization induces charge current in a circuit via Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. New physical phenomena by which magnetization dynamics can produce charge current have gained considerable interest recently. For example, moving magnetization textures, such as domain walls, generates charge current through the spin-motive force. Here, we examine an entirely different effect, which couples magnetization and electric field at the interface between an ultrathin metallic ferromagnet and dielectric. We show that this coupling can convert magnetic energy into electrical energy. This phenomenon is the Onsager reciprocal of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect. The effect provides a previously unexplored probe to measure the magnetization dynamics of nanomagnets.
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Barclay Lloyd, Joan. "PAINTINGS FOR DOMINICAN NUNS: A NEW LOOK AT THE IMAGES OF SAINTS, SCENES FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT AND APOCRYPHA, AND EPISODES FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT CATHERINE OF SIENA IN THE MEDIEVAL APSE OF SAN SISTO VECCHIO IN ROME." Papers of the British School at Rome 80 (September 24, 2012): 189–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246212000104.
Full textAbstract:
Fragments of frescoes were found in the late nineteenth century on the medieval apse wall, hidden behind the fifteenth-century chancel, of the Dominican nunnery church of San Sisto Vecchio, Rome. They were painted in two phases, one in the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century, the other approximately a century later. When they were restored in 1990–2, two new scenes came to light. This paper reconsiders the murals of both phases, including the images uncovered during the restoration campaigns. Historical evidence shines new light on the medieval patrons of the nunnery, who were relatives of individual nuns, and reveals the social context in which buildings and paintings were provided for the convent. It is argued that the frescoes were designed for the Dominican nuns, whose religious ideals are reflected in their iconography. Up until now studies of these murals have not paid much attention to their socio-historical importance, nor the Dominican significance of the images, even in two scenes from the life of Saint Catherine of Siena. Accordingly, this study contributes to the discussion of the frescoes by placing them in a ‘Dominican’ framework, attempting to show what they may have meant to the medieval nuns in the convent.
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INNOCENTE, NADIA, and GERARDO PALLA. "Occurrence of D-amino acids in a typical semi-hard cheese." Journal of Dairy Research 66, no. 4 (1999): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029999003829.
Full textAbstract:
D-alanine (D-Ala), D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) and D-glutamic acid (D-Glu) are important constituents of the cell walls of bacteria responsible for fermentation processes, and have been detected in several fermented foods, such as cheeses, yogurt and vinegar (Palla et al. 1989; Brückner & Hausch, 1990; Dossena et al. 1991; Brückner et al. 1992; Gandolfi et al. 1992). In particular, D-amino acids have been found, free and abundant, in cheeses requiring long ripening periods (1–2 years; Santaguida et al. 1995). Their presence in cheeses could be related mainly to lysis of the bacterial wall, to which short-chain D-amino acids are bound, but also to the activity of bacterial racemases (Adams, 1972), which convert free L-amino acids generated during proteolysis. The content of these D-amino acids and the D:L ratio have been recently proposed as indicators of ripening and for quality assessment of Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano cheeses (Marchelli et al. 1997).The aim of the present study was to determine D-amino acids in cheeses with shorter ripening periods to evaluate whether they could be useful as indicators of ripening and for quality assessment. The work was carried out with Montasio, a typical cheese produced in north-east Italy using traditional methods. Montasio is a semi-hard cheese produced from unpasteurized milk, cooked at 44–46 °C and consumed after at least 2 months ripening. This study represents an extension of previous work on free amino acid contents and ripening in semi-hard cheeses (Innocente, 1997).
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Melnyk, V. M., M. M. Liakh, and M. M. Synoverskyi. "Investigation of parameters of mixing and heat formation of diesel engines in the process of using alternative fuels." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(33) (September 3, 2020): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2020-1(33)-109-123.
Full textAbstract:
Today in Ukraine and the world there is a growing shortage of commercial fuels for engines. This is due to the tendency to regulate the production of hydrocarbons, which is the main raw material for their production. Therefore, in order to reduce oil imports, alternative fuels for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are be-coming more widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuels in countries with limited fuel and energy resources, as well as in highly developed countries that have the ability to purchase liquid energy. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, RME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. In the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel on the Renault 2.5 DCI engine, the average diameter of the fuel droplets is increased and the flare opening angle is reduced. This leads to impaired fuel distribution in the areas of the spray torch. Only 50% of the fuel is in the jet shell, which leads to impaired mixing of fuel with air. In the core of the wall there is 18% of fuel, which will spread along the walls and mix poorly with air. The remaining 36% of the fuel will be in the core of the jet, the front of the free jet and the areas of intersection of the near-wall streams, and will partially participate in the mixing. The use of biodiesel fuel RME B100 leads to a delay of heat by 18-20 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft, which will increase fuel consumption and reduce engine power. Thus, according to studies of the Renault 2.5 DCI engine on commercial and biodiesel RME B100, it is established that the use of biodiesel leads to a deterioration of the mixture due to reduced heat and as a result increases fuel consumption, reducing engine power.