Journal articles: 'Critical bandwidth'

1

ISHIGAMI, HIROMICHI. "Critical band (critical bandwidth)." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 36, no. 2 (1993): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.36.70.

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Turnbull, S. D., and J. M. Terhune. "White noise and pure tone masking of pure tone thresholds of a harbour seal listening in air and underwater." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 2090–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-291.

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Background noises mask the detection of sound throughout a limited frequency range termed the critical bandwidth. Critical bandwidths of a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) were measured, using behavioural psychophysical techniques, by indirect (critical ratios) and direct (two-tone masking) methods underwater and in air. Underwater critical ratios were determined at 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz, using white noise spectrum levels of 50, 56, 60, and (or) 70 dB re 1 μPa. The critical ratios (pooled data, threshold ±SD) were 19 ± 9, 22 ± 7, 25 ± 7, and 27 ± 5 dB for the respective frequencies. In-air critical ratios were determined at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kHz, using white noise spectrum levels ranging from 23 to 50 dB re 20 μPa. The critical ratios (pooled data) were 25 ± 8, 23 ± 10, 21 ± 15, and 23 ± 16 dB for the respective frequencies. The arithmetic mean of the critical ratios in both media was 23 dB. This suggests that the seal is equally sensitive to pure tone signals in the presence of broad band noise in both air and water. Direct measurements of the critical bandwidth underwater were determined at 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz, using a pure tone masker ranging from 96 to 120 dB re 1 μPa. In-air direct measurements of the critical bandwidth were measured at 2, 4, and 8 kHz, using a pure tone masker set at 80 dB re 20 μPa. The bandwidths, estimated at 23 dB below the masking level, were all under 2.25 kHz and become proportionately narrow at higher frequencies. These results show a narrow critical bandwidth for the harbour seal, thus indicating high frequency resolution in both media. The directly measured critical bandwidths from the two-tone masking study were not 2.5 times the critical bandwidth estimated from the critical ratios, as previously reported in some other mammals.

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Celmer, Robert D., and Gordon R. Bienvenue. "A minimum discriminable bandwidth test for critical bandwidth estimation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025820.

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4

Yost, William A. "Critical bandwidth for modulation detection." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, S1 (November 1987): S40—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024801.

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Nelson, David A., and Todd W. Fortune. "High-Level Psychophysical Tuning Curves." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 2 (April 1991): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3402.374.

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Simultaneous-masked psychophysical tuning curves were measured with narrow-band noise maskers varying in bandwidth from 40 Hz to 800 Hz to determine the masker bandwidths at which combination-band detection cues no longer influence tuning-curve shapes. Tuning curves were obtained at 1000 and 4000 Hz from normal-hearing listeners using high-level (60 dB SPL) probe tones in quiet and in the presence of a broadband background noise to eliminate combination bands and other off-frequency listening cues that exist at high levels. High-level tuning curves revealed notches on the low-frequency sides. Those notches were eliminated with broad-band background noise, which indicates that combination bands can strongly influence the shapes of high-level tuning curves obtained with narrow-band maskers, primarily by steepening the low-frequency and tail slopes. Combination-band detection cues had a stronger influence at 4000 Hz than at 1000 Hz. As masker bandwidth increased, combination bands had less influence on tuning-curve shapes. These results suggest a possible relation between masker bandwidth and auditory critical bandwidth: combination bands affected the lowfrequency sides of the tuning curves only when the masker bandwidth was less than the auditory critical bandwidth.

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Au, Whitlow W. L., and Patrick W. B. Moore. "Critical ratio and critical bandwidth for the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 3 (September 1990): 1635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400323.

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7

Langemann, U., G. M. Klump, and R. J. Dooling. "Critical bands and critical-ratio bandwidth in the European starling." Hearing Research 84, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(95)00023-w.

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8

Tan, Yi, Jesper Ødum Nielsen, and Gert Frølund Pedersen. "Spatial Stationarity of Ultrawideband and Millimeter Wave Radio Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3212864.

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For radio channels with broad bandwidth resource, such as those often used for ultrawideband (UWB) and millimeter wave (mmwave) systems, the Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering (WSSUS) and spatial stationary assumptions are more critical than typical cellular channels with very limited bandwidth resource. This paper studies spatial stationarity and bandwidth dependency of the Multipath Component (MPC) parameters, and the concept of local region of stationarity (LRS) is used as the measure of the physical stationarity region. LRS calculation results based on channel measurements show that the size of LRS is bandwidth dependent in all measured bands, 2–4 GHz, 14–16 GHz, and 28–30 GHz. The results in this paper point out that an inappropriate choice of bandwidth in channel parameter estimation could violate spatial stationary assumptions. The paper indicates LRS sizes for different bandwidths in the three bands.

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SUZUKI, TAKAO. "Measurement of critical bandwidth with notched-noise." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 29, no. 5 (1986): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.29.649.

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10

Nelson, David A. "Level‐dependent critical bandwidth for phase discrimination." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 3 (March 1994): 1514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.408539.

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Ameijeiras-Alonso, Jose, Rosa M. Crujeiras, and Alberto Rodríguez-Casal. "Mode testing, critical bandwidth and excess mass." TEST 28, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 900–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11749-018-0611-5.

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12

Lin, Jian‐Yu, and William Morris Hartmann. "Roughness and the critical bandwidth at low frequency." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, no. 5 (May 1995): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411620.

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13

Otegi, Nerea, Juan-Mari Collantes, and Mohamed Sayed. "Comparative analysis of receiver bandwidth effects on Y-factor and cold-source noise figure measurements." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 6 (July 8, 2013): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000688.

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A known source of error in noise figure characterization is the variation of the device characteristics within the bandwidth of the instrument receiver. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of the effect of the receiver bandwidth on noise figure characterization accuracy is developed. For the first time, comparative results for Y-factor and cold-source techniques are given. The analysis clarifies some contradictions about the origin and the final impact of bandwidth effects in Y-factor. In addition, effects derived from an excessively wide bandwidth of the noise receiver are shown to be completely different in both techniques, being more critical in cold-source. As a result of the analysis, correction terms are provided for those cases in which receivers with narrow enough bandwidths are not available. The conclusions extracted from the theoretical formulation are confirmed by the measurements carried out on several narrow-band devices under tests with different characteristics.

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Ferrero, Alejandro, and Joaquín Campos. "Angular and Spectral Bandwidth Considerations in BRDF Measurements of Interference- and Diffraction-Based Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2020): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111128.

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The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of iridescent (or goniochromatic) surfaces may vary notably with both spectral and angular variables, and, therefore, finite spectral bandwidth and collection solid angles inherent to any measuring instrument introduce a deviation from the correct value. Experimental data of highly goniochromatic samples are used to analyse their impact on measurement uncertainty. The results indicate that it is advisable to standardize spectral and angular bandwidths because the systematic error is not negligible for typical measuring systems. The 95th percentile of the error distribution of the measurement of the BRDF due to these finite bandwidths, and also the 95th percentile of the calculated resulting color differences, are used as criteria to establish recommended values of spectral and angular bandwidths. The impact of the bandwidth is more critical in the measurement of the BRDF of diffraction-based than of interference-based coatings.

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Southall, Brandon L., Ronald J. Schusterman, and David Kastak. "Auditory masking in three pinnipeds: Aerial critical ratios and direct critical bandwidth measurements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 3 (September 2003): 1660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1587733.

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16

Nelson, David A., and Anna C. Schroder. "Critical bandwidth for phase discrimination in hearing‐impaired listeners." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 4 (October 1995): 1969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.413316.

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17

Feng, Wu-chi, and Stuart Sechrest. "Critical bandwidth allocation for the delivery of compressed video." Computer Communications 18, no. 10 (October 1995): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(95)98484-m.

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18

Fields, J., C. A. Henry, and M. S. Landy. "Critical-band masking estimation of 2nd-order filter orientation bandwidth." Journal of Vision 9, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.979.

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19

Zhao, Jie, Yong Li Zhao, Xiao Song Yu, and Xin Bo Wang. "A Priority-Based Defragmentation Scheme in Flexible Bandwidth Optical Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 1632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.1632.

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Flexible Bandwidth Optical Networks(FBON) can improve spectrum usage rates comparing to traditional WDM networks, leaving one critical problem of spectrum fragments. This paper proposes a novel defragmentation scheme that determines the sequence of connections going through defragmentation processes. In sequencing connections, priority zones are divided and priority levels are set accordingly. Bandwidths or path lengths are what make a difference in a connection’s priority. As simulation results show, priority-based defragmentation scheme can achieve lower block rates as well as lower interruption rates. The simulation results also prove the preference of local defragmentation to global defragmentation and the preference of narrow-band defragmentation to broad-band defragmentation.

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Noroozi, Erfaneh, Salwani Bt Mohd Daud, and Ali Sabouhi. "Critical Evaluation on Steganography Metrics." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.927.

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The objective of Steganography is to hide the information inside other data in order to avoid being spotted by the strangers. Steganography is an old-fashioned art that has been reborn in current years. This current paper provides a literature review on the security of Steganography organization and emphasizes on its measurements. The proposed algorithm introduces a novel hashing and encoding algorithm to generate a digital signature. Later, it has been embedded into the original data which doesnt require extra bandwidth for communication by signature.

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Lee, Brian S., Bumho Kim, Alexandre P. Freitas, Aseema Mohanty, Yibo Zhu, Gaurang R. Bhatt, James Hone, and Michal Lipson. "High-performance integrated graphene electro-optic modulator at cryogenic temperature." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0363.

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AbstractHigh-performance integrated electro-optic modulators operating at low temperature are critical for optical interconnects in cryogenic applications. Existing integrated modulators, however, suffer from reduced modulation efficiency or bandwidth at low temperatures because they rely on tuning mechanisms that degrade with decreasing temperature. Graphene modulators are a promising alternative because graphene’s intrinsic carrier mobility increases at low temperature. Here, we demonstrate an integrated graphene-based electro-optic modulator whose 14.7 GHz bandwidth at 4.9 K exceeds the room temperature bandwidth of 12.6 GHz. The bandwidth of the modulator is limited only by high contact resistance, and its intrinsic RC-limited bandwidth is 200 GHz at 4.9 K.

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JIANG, ZHONG-YUAN, MAN-GUI LIANG, SHUAI ZHANG, SHU-JUAN WANG, and DONG-CHAO GUO. "AN EFFICIENT BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION STRATEGY FOR SCALE-FREE NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 23, no. 10 (October 2012): 1250065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183112500659.

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Traffic capacity is critical for various networks and strongly depends on the distribution of link's bandwidth resources. In this paper, we propose a betweenness-based bandwidth allocation strategy in which the bandwidth of each link lij is allocated proportionally to the product (1 + Bi)α(1 + Bj)α, where α is a tunable parameter, and Bi and Bj are the betweenness of node i and node j, respectively. The optimal value of α is achieved by extensive simulations and slightly increases with the network size. Our new bandwidth allocation strategy achieves the highest traffic capacity when compared with the average bandwidth allocation strategy and the previously proposed degree-based bandwidth allocation strategy. Our work will be beneficial for network service providers to improve the traffic capacity by efficiently allocating or reallocating the overall finite link's bandwidth resources of networks such as the Internet, urban transport networks and airway networks.

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Ramesh, Ch, N. B. Venkateswarlu, and J. V. R. Murthy. "Filter Augmented JPEG Algorithms: A Critical Performance Study for Improving Bandwidth." International Journal of Computer Applications 60, no. 17 (December 18, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/9781-4301.

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Neumann, Joachim, Stefan Uppenkamp, and Birger Kollmeier. "Relations between notched-noise suppressed TEOAE and the psychoacoustical critical bandwidth." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 5 (May 1997): 2778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.419302.

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Tomioka, Y., H. Kuwahara, A. Asamitsu, M. Kasai, and Y. Tokura. "Critical change of magnetoresistance with bandwidth and doping in perovskite manganites." Applied Physics Letters 70, no. 26 (June 30, 1997): 3609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119248.

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26

Hsu, Shang-Hong, Chi-Han Lin, Chih-Yu Wang, and Wen-Tsuen Chen. "Breaking Bandwidth Limitation for Mission-Critical IoT Using Semisequential Multiple Relays." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5, no. 5 (October 2018): 3316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2017.2776403.

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27

Anderson, Roger S., and Larry N. Thibos. "Sampling limits and critical bandwidth for letter discrimination in peripheral vision." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 16, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.16.002334.

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Yao, K., Y. Ren, and F. C. Lee. "Critical Bandwidth for the Load Transient Response of Voltage Regulator Modules." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 19, no. 6 (November 2004): 1454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2004.836669.

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29

Christoforakis, Ioannis, Maria Astrinaki, and George Kornaros. "Towards architectural support for bandwidth management in mixed-critical embedded systems." ACM SIGBED Review 14, no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3177803.3177807.

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30

Greenwood, Donald D. "Critical bandwidth and consonance in relation to cochlear frequency-position coordinates." Hearing Research 54, no. 2 (August 1991): 164–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(91)90117-r.

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31

Zhu, Xiang Xian, Xiu Ying Sun, and Qi Feng Sun. "A Novel VoIP Scheduling Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e System." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1463.

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In IEEE 802.16e network, voice over IP (VoIP) scheduling is critical to system performance but no special algorithm is defined in the IEEE 802.16e standard. Based on this thinking, a novel VoIP scheduling algorithm named compensated based VoIP scheduling (CBVS) is proposed. This algorithm compensates the bandwidth of service flow whose bandwidth is lost using the remained bandwidth. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance much and increases the number of VoIP users.

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32

Block, Michael G., and Terry L. Wiley. "Acoustic-Reflex Growth for Multitone Complexes." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 29, no. 1 (March 1986): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2901.92.

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The effects of activator spectral density on the growth characteristics of the acoustic reflex were evaluated in normal-hearing subjects. Reflex-growth dynamics were evaluated for computer-synthesized activators composed of 2 to 50 components and bandwidths wider and more narrow than the reported critical band for loudness summation. Although acoustic-reflex characteristics varied with activator bandwidth, there were no significant differences in reflex-growth patterns as a function of activator density (number of components). The findings suggest that, like loudness summation, growth or magnitude characteristics of the acoustic reflex are unaffected by the spectral density of the signal.

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33

Reymers, Kurt. "Chicken Killers or Bandwidth Patriots?" International Journal of Technoethics 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2011070101.

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In 2008, a resident of a computerized virtual world called “Second Life” programmed and began selling a “realistic” virtual chicken. It required food and water to survive, was vulnerable to physical damage, and could reproduce. This development led to the mass adoption of chicken farms and large-scale trade in virtual chickens and eggs. Not long after the release of the virtual chickens, a number of incidents occurred which demonstrate the negotiated nature of territorial and normative boundaries. Neighbors of chicken farmers complained of slow performance of the simulation and some users began terminating the chickens, kicking or shooting them to “death.” All of these virtual world phenomena, from the interactive role-playing of virtual farmers to the social, political and economic repercussions within and beyond the virtual world, can be examined with a critical focus on the ethical ramifications of virtual world conflicts. This paper views the case of the virtual chicken wars from three different ethical perspectives: as a resource dilemma, as providing an argument from moral and psychological harm, and as a case in which just war theory can be applied.

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Serrano-Pedraza, Ignacio, and Vicente Sierra-Vázquez. "The Effect of White-Noise Mask Level on Sinewave Contrast Detection Thresholds and the Critical-Band-Masking Model." Spanish Journal of Psychology 9, no. 2 (November 2006): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006156.

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It is known that visual noise added to sinusoidal gratings changes the typical U-shaped threshold curve which becomes flat in log-log scale for frequencies below 10c/deg when gratings are masked with white noise of high power spectral density level. These results have been explained using the critical-band-masking (CBM) model by supposing a visual filter-bank of constant relative bandwidth. However, some psychophysical and biological data support the idea of variable octave bandwidth. The CBM model has been used here to explain the progressive change of threshold curves with the noise mask level and to estimate the bandwidth of visual filters. Bayesian staircases were used in a 2IFC paradigm to measure contrast thresholds of horizontal sinusoidal gratings (0.25-8 c/deg) within a fixed Gaussian window and masked with one-dimensional, static, broadband white noise with each of five power density levels. Raw data showed that the contrast threshold curve progressively shifts upward and flattens out as the mask noise level increases. Theoretical thresholds from the CBM model were fitted simultaneously to the data at all five noise levels using visual filters with log-Gaussian gain functions. If we assume a fixed-channel detection model, the best fit was obtained when the octave bandwidth of visual filters decreases as a function of peak spatial frequency.

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Aanandha Saravanan, K., and Dr P. Suresh. "Prioritized scheduling scheme for critical and non-critical information packets." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13338.

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The process of energy saving mechanisms is been utilized by proper planning to transmit both critical clip and non-real infor-mation by reading overheads there by reducing throughput and bandwidth in large scale critical clip networks. The existing bundle sched-uling mythologies used were based on the First -in First-out (FIFO) manner in such cases the critical information at particular instant cannot be processed quickly but proposed system is designed in such a way it consists of three tier precedence structure .the critical in-formation bundles are placed in the higher status prioritizing queue and processed immediately and sent to the destination node where oth-er information bundles are given less precedence on the basis of position for non critical information bundles. The proposed scheme, ener-gy efficient in reducing the number of transmission by using merger technique. The lowest precedence bundles are processed after the higher precedence bundles. The proposed algorithm proves its uniqueness based on end -to-end delay than Energy efficient wake up scheduling MAC (EEWS) and Traffic Adaptive MAC protocol (TAMAC)

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Kulkarni, Kalyani, and Bharat S. Chaudhari. "NASH BARGAINING BASED BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION IN COGNITIVE RADIO FOR DELAY CRITICAL APPLICATIONS." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 06, no. 04 (December 1, 2015): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2015.0171.

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Yasir, Sultan Mahmood, Muhammad Salman, and Muhammad Shoaib Saleem. "Critical Events of Fog Attenuation Using Visibility Data in Lahore, Pakistan." NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24949/njes.v11i2.394.

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Free-space optics (FSO) communication system is mature, unique and promising technology which is used in various countries to meet high data rate demand and last mile connectivity. FSO link has a capacity to be utilized as a primary communication links by replacing RF communication systems because of its advantages of unregulated bandwidth, broader spectrum of frequency at low power consumption. Now a days researchers has great interest in this technology because of several features and benefits of larger bandwidth, less power consumption, low installations cost, simple to install, no congestion in spectrum, secure and reliable communication without issues of right of way. In free space optical communication, environment layer is used for signal transmission which can be effected from severe weather conditions like smog, dust, smoke, rain and fog etc. In all these severe weather environments, winter fog is one of the main problem because of it offers high optical attenuation on communication link. In this investigation the entire winter season has been observed. There are four fog events which attenuate the optical signal most. Optical attenuation is estimated using three famous fog prediction models like Al Naboulsi, Kim and at wavelengths of 850nm, 1350nm, and 1550 nm.

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Hanna, Tony, Nathalie Deltimple, and Sébastien Fregonese. "Class J Power Amplifier for 5G Applications in 28 nm CMOS FD-SOI Technology." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 13, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v13i2.9.

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With the ongoing race to deploy the fifth generation of wireless technologies, the research is directed towards the millimeter wave carrier frequencies as a result of the demand for high speed data and the need for more spectrum bandwidth. Beside the large bandwidth, one of the major challenges of the 5G is reducing energy consumption. The power amplifier is the most critical element of the radiofrequency front-end in terms of power consumption and bandwidth. In this work, we present the design of a wideband and highly efficient class J power amplifier. Post-layout simulation results show a broadband behavior over 12 GHz of bandwidth, with a power added efficiency of 38 % and a saturated output power of 16.2 dBm at 28 GHz. In addition, the linearity and the efficiency of the power amplifier are reconfigurable with to the back-gate of the 28 nm CMOS FD-SOI technology.

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Roy, Swapan K., Vincent T. K. Sauer, Jocelyn N. Westwood-Bachman, Anandram Venkatasubramanian, and Wayne K. Hiebert. "Improving mechanical sensor performance through larger damping." Science 360, no. 6394 (June 14, 2018): eaar5220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5220.

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Mechanical resonances are used in a wide variety of devices, from smartphone accelerometers to computer clocks and from wireless filters to atomic force microscopes. Frequency stability, a critical performance metric, is generally assumed to be tantamount to resonance quality factor (the inverse of the linewidth and of the damping). We show that the frequency stability of resonant nanomechanical sensors can be improved by lowering the quality factor. At high bandwidths, quality-factor reduction is completely mitigated by increases in signal-to-noise ratio. At low bandwidths, notably, increased damping leads to better stability and sensor resolution, with improvement proportional to damping. We confirm the findings by demonstrating temperature resolution of 60 microkelvin at 300-hertz bandwidth. These results open the door to high-performance ultrasensitive resonators in gaseous or liquid environments, single-cell nanocalorimetry, nanoscale gas chromatography, atmospheric-pressure nanoscale mass spectrometry, and new approaches in crystal oscillator stability.

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Ishigami, Hiromichi, Takao Suzuki, and Genzo Isojima. "Critical Bandwidth Determined by Masking in the Presence of Two Narrow-Band Noises." Auris Nasus Larynx 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(12)80175-1.

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41

Wu, Yan, Qinghai Yang, Hongyan Li, and Kyung Sup Kwak. "Optimal Control-Aware Transmission for Mission-Critical M2M Communications Under Bandwidth Cost Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Communications 68, no. 9 (September 2020): 5924–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3003672.

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Lalovic, Ivan. "Impact of finite laser bandwidth on the critical dimension of L/S structures." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 033001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2964297.

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43

Bader, Ahmed, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. "Mobile Ad Hoc Networks in Bandwidth-Demanding Mission-Critical Applications: Practical Implementation Insights." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 891–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2614329.

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Feng, Wu-chi, and Ming Liu. "Extending critical bandwidth allocation techniques for stored video delivery across best-effort networks." International Journal of Communication Systems 14, no. 10 (2001): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.516.

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Dabu, R. "Very broad gain bandwidth parametric amplification in nonlinear crystals at critical wavelength degeneracy." Optics Express 18, no. 11 (May 18, 2010): 11689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.011689.

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Armstrong, Timothy B., and Michal Kolesár. "Simple and honest confidence intervals in nonparametric regression." Quantitative Economics 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1199.

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We consider the problem of constructing honest confidence intervals (CIs) for a scalar parameter of interest, such as the regression discontinuity parameter, in nonparametric regression based on kernel or local polynomial estimators. To ensure that our CIs are honest, we use critical values that take into account the possible bias of the estimator upon which the CIs are based. We show that this approach leads to CIs that are more efficient than conventional CIs that achieve coverage by undersmoothing or subtracting an estimate of the bias. We give sharp efficiency bounds of using different kernels, and derive the optimal bandwidth for constructing honest CIs. We show that using the bandwidth that minimizes the maximum mean‐squared error results in CIs that are nearly efficient and that in this case, the critical value depends only on the rate of convergence. For the common case in which the rate of convergence is n −2/5, the appropriate critical value for 95% CIs is 2.18, rather than the usual 1.96 critical value. We illustrate our results in a Monte Carlo analysis and an empirical application.

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Pfahlberg, A., O. Gefeller, and R. Weißbach. "Double-smoothing in Kernel Hazard Rate Estimation." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 02 (2008): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me0447.

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Summary Objectives: In oncological studies, the hazard rate can be used to differentiate subgroups of the study population according to their patterns of survival risk over time. Nonparametric curve estimation has been suggested as an exploratory means of revealing such patterns. The decision about the type of smoothing parameter is critical for performance in practice. In this paper, we study data-adaptive smoothing. Methods: A decade ago, the nearest-neighbor bandwidth was introduced for censored data in survival analysis. It is specified by one parameter, namely the number of nearest neighbors. Bandwidth selection in this setting has rarely been investigated, although the heuristical advantages over the frequently-studied fixed bandwidth are quite obvious. The asymptotical relationship between the fixed and the nearest-neighbor bandwidth can be used to generate novel approaches. Results: We develop a new selection algorithm termed double-smoothing for the nearest-neighbor bandwidth in hazard rate estimation. Our approach uses a finite sample approximation of the asymptotical relationship between the fixed and nearest-neighbor bandwidth. By so doing, we identify the nearest-neighbor bandwidth as an additional smoothing step and achieve further data-adaption after fixed bandwidth smoothing. We illustrate the application of the new algorithm in a clinical study and compare the outcome to the traditional fixed bandwidth result, thus demonstrating the practical performance of the technique. Conclusion: The double-smoothing approach enlarges the methodological repertoire for selecting smoothing parameters in nonparametric hazard rate estimation. The slight increase in computational effort is rewarded with a substantial amount of estimation stability, thus demonstrating the benefit of the technique for biostatistical applications.

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Xing, Hai Yan, Hua Ge, Guan Ga Dai, Zheng Shuai Yu, and Xiao Jun Sun. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation Modeling of Welded Joints Based on Metal Magnetic Memory Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 853 (September 2016): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.853.458.

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In order to quantitatively identify critical hidden damage for weld joints by using the metal magnetic memory technology (MMM), the modified maximum likelihood estimation MMM model is first proposed. The experimental materials are Q235B welded plate specimens. Fatigue tension experiments were operated to find the MMM feature laws of critical hidden damage by comparing with synchronous X-ray detection results. Four MMM characteristic parameters, that is, ΔHp(y) , Kymax , mmax and S(K), are extracted corresponding to the normal state and the hidden damage state, respectively. The probability density values of ΔHp(y) , Kymax , mmax and S(K)are calculated by the optimized bandwidth kernel density estimation. The quantitative maximum likelihood estimation MMM model is established based on optimized bandwidth kernel density. The verification result shows the maximum likelihood value of hidden damage state is twice as much as that of the normal state, which is consistent with the practical results. This provides a new method for quantitative MMM identification of weld critical hidden damages.

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M. Atan, F., Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli, S. M. Idrus, N. A. Ismail, and A. M. Zin. "Impact of security breach on the upstream delay performance of next generation gigabit passive optical networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1600.

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The next generation passive optical networks (NG-GPON) such as long reach GPON is the future-proof solution to answer the continuous demands for access user bandwidth and network expansion. However, security which is yet to be addressed in NG-GPON needs urgent attention as it will become more critical due to much longer distance, denser user population and more network elements. In addition, the longer propagation delay in NG-GPON can also lead to a more complex bandwidth allocation mechanism that is expected to operate in a dynamic manner. Among the highlights of recommendations for future implementation are improvements in the security aspect and the use of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm that suit the characteristics of long reach GPON. Current PON is exposed to degradation attack, a security breach that can harm how bandwidth fairness mechanism among ONUs work. Thus, this project proposes a secured DBA mechanism for NG-PON that could overcome this particular threat. In specific, a detection phase will be included in the DBA mechanism to sense and subsequently mitigate abnormal behaviours among ONUs that are harmful to the goal of DBA i.e. to ensure QoS among ONUs and traffics. At the same time, careful attention is given on the delay parameter as it is a critical parameter that can affect DBA performance in long reach GPON. In this paper, preliminary analysis is shown that reveal how possibility of threats increase with increasing of distance and network elements.

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KULKARNI, SHIVALI D., AMEYA K. NAIK, and NITIN S. NAGORI. "2D IMAGE TRANSMISSION USING BANDWIDTH EFFICIENT MAPPING TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Image and Graphics 10, no. 04 (October 2010): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467810003883.

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Transmitting images over the wireless channel require that optimum compression ratio be maintained along with good image quality. This becomes a critical issue especially at higher values of bit error rate (BER). Joint photographic experts group (JPEG) standard and its successor JPEG 2000 provide excellent compression ratio but image reconstruction becomes highly difficult under extreme noise conditions. We present a mapping technique which gives better compression as compared to the existing techniques. Also, its performance is excellent even for higher bit error rates (BERs). This is supported by the results presented for JPEG, JPEG 2000, as well as mapping technique under fading channel conditions. Moreover, it is observed that the presence of high levels of noise has negligible effect on the reconstruction of images encoded using mapping technique.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Critical bandwidth'

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