Dissertations / Theses: 'Cross-sectional study's'

1

Balian, Arax. "Influences on school-age children's milk and soft drink intake." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1228451014.

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Jenkins, Todd M. "Hospice use in Alabama a cross-sectional assessment /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/jenkins.pdf.

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Shamsie, Jamal. "The context of dominance : a cross sectional study." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39308.

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The persistence of dominance depends upon the capability of a firm to maintain such a position after it has been able to acquire it. Yet most of the existing research has been relatively unsuccessful in identifying specific factors that are likely to allow any firm to effectively deal with all forms of competitive challenges over an extended period of time.
As such, the goals of this research were to investigate the persistence of dominance across several different types of industry contexts. On the whole, the results suggest that differences in the persistence of dominance can be linked to the characteristics of each industry context. In large part, these differences can be attributed to the strategies that must be pursued by the dominant firms in order to maintain the specific types of advantages that can be effectively used in each of the three types of industry contexts that could be identified.

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Antay, Bedregal David, Revello Evelyn Camargo, and German F. Alvarado. "Associated factors vs risk factors in cross-sectional studies." Dove Medical Press, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/594907.

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Jones, Bernard A. "Benchmarking organizational resilience| A cross-sectional comparative research study." Thesis, New Jersey City University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3730739.

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Our world continues to be impacted by large-scale disaster events. These severe disaster events create impacts that are shared across local, regional, and national boundaries. As a result, individuals, communities, and organizations are increasingly confronted with disasters that challenge their social, economic, and operational stability. To be resilient, individuals and communities rely on resources and services provided by organizations to enable each to plan for, respond to, and recover from disasters. If organizations are not prepared to respond to disasters, individuals and communities, in turn, will also not be prepared to respond to disaster events, as a consequence. Similar to the concept of civil defense prominent during the Cold War era, civil security is now required in the present day, pointing to the need for individuals, communities, and organizations to better prepare our nation by enhancing resilience. Resilient organizations also provide a competitive advantage over organizations that do not implement measures to become more resilient, yet many organizations do not know their resilience posture, and, in turn, struggle to prioritize resilience or allocate resources to enhance their resilience. To help enable organizations to invest in their resilience, it is important for organizations to discover and understand their organizational resilience score.

This research extends prior research that developed a methodology and survey tool for measuring and benchmarking organizational resilience. Subsequent research utilized the methodology and survey tool on organizations in New Zealand, whereas this research study utilized the methodology and survey tool to study organizational resilience within the state of New Jersey as part of a comparative study. The results obtained from previous research were compared against organizational resilience data captured on New Jersey based organizations. Survey data created from this research provide valuable information on organizational resilience strengths and weaknesses that can enable New Jersey based organizations to learn their organizational resilience posture and begin to develop a business case for additional investment in organizational resilience.

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Concannon, James Peter. "A cross-sectional study of engineering majors' self-efficacy." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6050.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Oudah, Alsafa. "Medication Reconciliation : Electronic medication list discrepancies – Cross sectional study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-178901.

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Hoang, Susan. "Stress Among Undergraduate Distance Learners: A Cross-Sectional Study." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1196.

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There are many changes undergraduate students face when they transition to the college environment, including vacations and an increase in academic workload. Past research has found that both gender and year of study impact level and sources of stress in undergraduate students who attend traditional brick and mortar institutions. However, the relationship between gender, year of study, and stress levels in undergraduate distance learners has not been well studied. Based on the cognitive theory of emotions, this quantitative study examined what undergraduate distance learners perceive as stressful, whether or not gender and year of study impacted these stressors and whether or not there was an interaction between gender and year of study. The Higher Education Stress Inventory (HESI) and a demographic questionnaire were administered to undergraduate students enrolled in distance education (USEDE) who were in Year 1 or Year 4 of their program (N = 321). A 2-way analysis of variance was used to examine the overall stress levels among USEDE in Year 1 or Year 4 of their programs, gender difference effects on stress levels, and the interaction between year of study and gender. No statistical differences were found in overall stress levels between USEDE who were in Year 1 and USEDE who were in Year 4 of their programs (F(1,84) = .679, p = 0.410, Î·2 < .001). There was no interaction between year of study and gender (F(1, 317) = 0.187, p = .666, Î·2 < .001). There was a statistical difference between overall stress scores between males and females USEDE (F(1,84) = 31.442, p < .001, Î·2 = .09). This study contributes to the field of higher education by providing details around what USEDE perceive as causes of stress, as reported on the HESI, and will bring about a level of awareness among staff, administration, and distance education students.

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Chatterjee, Kausik. "Mood after stroke : a cross-sectional case control study." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438408.

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Swift, Samantha. "Mentoring of first generation college students| A cross-sectional quantitative study." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585525.

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This quantitative study explored the perceived value of mentoring among mentors and mentees in the Partners for Success Program at California State University, Long Beach. Aspects of academic success were compared between mentees and randomly selected undergraduates not in the program. The sample size was 271 (27 mentors, 136 mentees, and 108 other undergraduates). A self-administered online survey measured values of mentoring, social support, and self-efficacy. GPAs were self-reported. Mentees valued career help significantly more than mentors. Both groups rated teaching, career counseling, and trust most highly. European Americans had significantly higher social support scores than Latino/Hispanics. Among mentees, self-efficacy was positively correlated with academic performance. It is recommended that academic mentoring programs focus their efforts on fostering trust and providing advisement. Special attention should be paid to the availability of social capital, especially among ethnic minorities.

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Meehan, Sean Alphonsus. "Market orientation : values, behaviours, performance; a cross sectional study of UK businesses." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267702.

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Bramlage, Peter, David Pittrow, Hendrik Lehnert, Michael Höfler, Wilhelm Kirch, Eberhard Ritz, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Frequency of albuminuria in primary care: a cross-sectional study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-106780.

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Background: We aimed to assess the point prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in a sample of unselected consecutive primary-care attendees, with particular focus on patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without additional concomitant diseases) and those with hypertension. Design: Cross-sectional observational study in a nationwide representative sample of 1912 primary-care practices and a patient population consisting of 39 125 primary-care attendees. Diagnoses for diabetes, hypertension and co-morbidities were provided by the treating physician and complemented by blood pressure (BP) measurements and selected lab tests. Screening for microalbuminuria (>20 and <200 μg/ml) was done with a spot urine dipstick test. Results: The clinical diagnosis of nephropathy was assigned to 7.6% of patients. The point prevalence of MAU was 19.0% in the total sample; the proportion was 33.6% in diabetics whereas the diagnosis was assigned to only 7.1% in the total sample. Amongst diabetic patients with MAU, 92.6% had BP above the target value of < 130/80 mmHg. Frequency rates rose with increasing BP (e.g. 20.6% in diabetic patients with BP< 120/70 mmHg, and 36.3% in diabetic patients with BP > 140/90 mmHg). Of note, patients with MAU had a higher burden of co-morbidity compared to those without MAU. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of MAU in primary care, particularly in diabetic patients. The frequency of MAU was closely related to the BP level and the degree of co-morbidity. The present study underlines the magnitude of the problem of MAU in primary care, and should serve as a starting point to initiate measures to address this important public health issue.

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Battle, Paula C. "Identity and intimacy development across adolescence, a cross-sectional study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0021/NQ32876.pdf.

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Muller, Anna Petronella. "Burnout amongst primary health care nurses : a cross-sectional study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86590.

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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The imbalance between job demands and available resources could cause burnout which may impact quality patient care. A scientific investigation was conducted to evaluate burnout amongst primary health care (PHC) nurses. The objectives for the study were to identify the prevalence of burnout amongst PHC nurses and to explore the contributing factors to burnout in PHC settings. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2007:309) was used as a conceptual framework for the study. A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach was applied. The population and sample consisted of professional nurses (PN) and clinical nurse practitioners (CNP) (n=72) in the Eden District of the Western Cape. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data in an uncontrolled, natural environment. Analysis of the results exposed high levels of burnout amongst PHC nurses. Nurses in PHC facilities all had an equal chance to develop burnout, regardless of their level of experience. The occurrence of burnout is equal in community health centres and in community clinics, although a trend was observed that subjects in community clinics may experience more emotional exhaustion. Work pressure, workload or an increase in job demands, lack of organisational support and management problems were rated as the main factors contributing to burnout. Recommendations were made to improve the working environments of PHC nurses in order to increase motivational levels, job satisfaction and to foster work engagement, as well as to reduce levels of burnout. Opportunities for further research are recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wanbalans tussen beroepseise en beskikbare hulpbronne kan uitbranding veroorsaak en gevolglik kwaliteit patiëntsorg beïnvloed. ‘n Wetenskaplike studie is gedoen om uitbranding onder primêre gesondheidsorg (PGS) verpleegkundiges te evalueer. Die doelstellings van die studie was om die voorkoms van uitbranding onder PGS-verpleegkundiges te identifiseer, en om die bydraende faktore wat aanleiding gee tot uitbranding in PGS-instellings, te ondersoek. Die Beroepseise-Hulpbronne model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2007:309) is as ‘n konsepsuele raamwerk vir die studie gebruik. 'n Nie-eksperimentele, beskrywende dwarssnit studie met 'n kwantitatiewe benadering, is toegepas. Die populasie en die steekproef het bestaan uit professionele verpleegkundiges en kliniese verpleeg praktisyns (n=72) in die Eden Distrik van die Wes-Kaap. ‘n Self-rapport vraelys was gebruik om data in ‘n ongekontroleerde, natuurlike omgewing te versamel. Die analisering van resultate het hoë vlakke van uitbranding onder verpleegkundiges in PGS-dienste ontbloot. Verpleegkundiges in PGS-fasiliteite het almal 'n gelyke kans om uitbranding te ontwikkel, ongeag die vlak van ondervinding. Die voorkoms van uitbranding is dieselfde in gemeenskaps-gesondheidsentrums en gemeenskapsklinieke, alhoewel daar ‘n neiging sigbaar was dat personeel in gemeenskapsklinieke meer emosionele uitputting ervaar. Werkdruk, werklas of toename in beroepseise, die gebrek aan organisatoriese ondersteuning en bestuursprobleme is aangewys as die hoof redes wat aanleiding gee tot uitbranding. Voorstelle is gemaak om die werksomgewing van PGS-verpleegkundiges te verbeter en om motiveringsvlakke en werkstevredenheid te herstel. Dit sal werksverbintenis versterk en die voorkoms van uitbranding beperk. Geleenthede vir verdere navorsing is aanbeveel.

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Bramlage, Peter, David Pittrow, Hendrik Lehnert, Michael Höfler, Wilhelm Kirch, Eberhard Ritz, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Frequency of albuminuria in primary care: a cross-sectional study." Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26698.

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Background: We aimed to assess the point prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in a sample of unselected consecutive primary-care attendees, with particular focus on patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without additional concomitant diseases) and those with hypertension. Design: Cross-sectional observational study in a nationwide representative sample of 1912 primary-care practices and a patient population consisting of 39 125 primary-care attendees. Diagnoses for diabetes, hypertension and co-morbidities were provided by the treating physician and complemented by blood pressure (BP) measurements and selected lab tests. Screening for microalbuminuria (>20 and <200 μg/ml) was done with a spot urine dipstick test. Results: The clinical diagnosis of nephropathy was assigned to 7.6% of patients. The point prevalence of MAU was 19.0% in the total sample; the proportion was 33.6% in diabetics whereas the diagnosis was assigned to only 7.1% in the total sample. Amongst diabetic patients with MAU, 92.6% had BP above the target value of < 130/80 mmHg. Frequency rates rose with increasing BP (e.g. 20.6% in diabetic patients with BP< 120/70 mmHg, and 36.3% in diabetic patients with BP > 140/90 mmHg). Of note, patients with MAU had a higher burden of co-morbidity compared to those without MAU. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of MAU in primary care, particularly in diabetic patients. The frequency of MAU was closely related to the BP level and the degree of co-morbidity. The present study underlines the magnitude of the problem of MAU in primary care, and should serve as a starting point to initiate measures to address this important public health issue.

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16

Muniz, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes. "Associação entre obesidade e fatores sociodemográficos, médico-odontológicos e comportamentais em adultos : um estudo transversal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128948.

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Obesidade é o acúmulo excessivo ou anormal de gordura em relação à massa magra, podendo ser modificada por fatores ambientais, genéticos e comportamentais. Na literatura, é bem estabelecida a associação entre diabetes, tabagismo e, mais recentemente, obesidade e periodontite. Entretanto, estudos de prevalência e de associação entre obesidade e gengivite ainda são bastante escassos, especialmente em indivíduos adultos. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre obesidade e diferentes fatores sociodemográficos, médico-odontológicos e comportamentais em uma amostra de indivíduos adultos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Esse estudo, de caráter epidemiológico transversal, avaliou 614 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. Foram incluídos apenas os indivíduos com pelo menos quatro dentes em boca e que não utilizem aparelhos ortodônticos fixos. Os participantes foram identificados por meio de uma amostragem probabilística multi-estágios, considerando também a distribuição de acordo com o gênero e faixa etária. Dez setores censitários foram visitados. Uma entrevista estruturada foi realizada por pesquisadores treinados, obtendo-se informação de gênero, idade, hábitos comportamentais e estado de saúde sistêmica. Um examinador treinado e calibrado realizou exames de Índice de Placa Visível, Índice gengival de Löe-Silness, modificado por Löe, e cálculo. Além disso, peso, altura e percentual de gordura, obtido através de um aparelho portátil de microcorrente elétrica, também foram coletados. Regressão multivariada de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre obesidade e os diferentes fatores médico-odontológicos e sociodemográficos. Dos indivíduos examinados, 33,89% foram classificados como obesos por apresentarem índice de massa corporal pelo menos de 30 kg/m². Observou-se que gênero feminino, hipertensão autorreportada, não fumar, maiores percentuais de placa visível e maior número de dentes presentes apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com obesidade quando comparados com indivíduos não obesos. Concluiu-se que a ocorrência de obesidade, na presente amostra, foi alta e que o gênero feminino, não fumar e maiores percentuais de placa estiveram associados com a obesidade. Contudo, nenhuma associação estatisticamente significativa foi estabelecida entre gengivite e obesidade.
Obesity is the excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in relation to lean body mass that may be modified by environmental, genetic and behavioral factors. It is well established the relationship between diabetes, smoking and, more recently, obesity and periodontitis. However, studies regarding the association between obesity and gingivitis are quite scarce, especially in adults. This study aimed to verify the association between obesity and different sociodemographic, medical, dental and behavioral factors in a sample of adults in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This is as an epidemiological cross-sectional study that evaluated 614 subjects with at least 18 years old. Only subjects with the minimum of four teeth and those who did not use fixed orthodontic appliances were included. Participants were identified through a multi-stage probability sampling, considering the distribution according to gender and age. Ten census tracts were visited. A structured interview was conducted by trained researchers to collect information about gender, age, behavioral habits and systemic impaired conditions. A trained and calibrated examiner performed the Plaque Visible Index, Löe-Sillness Gingival Index modified by Löe and calculus. Additionally, weight, height and body fat percentage, obtained through a portable electrical microcurrent, were collected. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between obesity and the sociodemographic, medical, dental and behavioral factors. Obesity, defined as body mass index ≥30kg/m2, were found in 33.89% of the examined subjects. It was showed that females, self-reported hypertension, no smoking, higher visible plaque percentage, and bigger number of teeth were significantly associated with obesity compared to non-obese subjects. It was concluded that the occurrence of obesity was high and that females, never/former smokers and larger plaque percentages were associated with obesity. However, no statistically significant association was established between gingivitis and obesity.

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Nadell, Jason Alexander. "Ontogeny and adaptation : a cross-sectional study of primate limb elements." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12504/.

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How primates achieve their adult skeletal form can be ascribed to two broad biological mechanisms: genetic inheritance, where morphological characters are regulated by an individual's phenotype over development; and plastic adaptation, where morphology responds to extrinsic factors engendered by the physical environment. While skeletal morphology should reflect an individual’s ecological demands throughout its life, only a limited amount of published research has considered how ontogeny and locomotor behaviour influence limb element form together. This thesis presents an investigation of long bone cross-sectional shape, size and strength, to inform how five catarrhine taxa adapt their limbs over development, and further, evaluate which limb regions more readily emit signals of plasticity or constraint along them. The sample includes Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobatidae and Macaca, subdivided into three developmental stages: infancy, juvenility and adulthood. Three-dimensional models of four upper (humerus and ulna) and lower (femur and tibia) limb elements were generated using a laser scanner and sectioned at proximal, midshaft and distal locations along each diaphysis. Three methods were used to compare geometry across the sample: 1) principal and anatomical axis ratios served as indices of section circularity, 2) polar section moduli evaluated relative strength between limb sections and 3) a geometric morphometric approach was developed to define section form. The results demonstrated that irrespective of taxonomic affinity, forelimb elements serve as strong indicators of posture and locomotor ontogenetic transitions, while hindlimb form is more reflective of body size and developmental shifts in body mass. Moreover, geometric variation at specific regions like the midhumerus was indistinguishable across all infant taxa in the sample, only exhibiting posture-specific signals among mature groups, while sections like the distal ulna exhibited little or no intraspecific variation over development. Identifying patterns of plasticity and constraint across taxonomic and developmental groups informs how limb cross-sections either allometrically or isometrically scale their form as they grow. These findings have direct implications to extant and extinct primate research pertaining to body mass estimation, functional morphology and behavioural ecology.

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Lambert, Tracy. "CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODS AND PROJECT PERFORMANCE." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/56.

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Agile software development methods, characterized by delivering customer value via incremental and iterative time-boxed development processes, have moved into the mainstream of the Information Technology (IT) industry. However, despite a growing body of research which suggests that a predictive manufacturing approach, with big up-front specifications, detailed estimates, and speculative plans applicable to manufacturing domains, is the wrong paradigm for software development, many IT organizations are still hesitant to adopt agile approaches (Larman, 2004). This study extends research based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2003) into the domain of business processes. Specifically, processes related to the `behavioral intent' to adopt agile software development methods. Further, it investigated relationships between adoption and the impact on project performance attributes. A sample was obtained from a population of IT practitioners from within the IT industry. The sampling frame consisted of members from the global Software Process Improvement Network (SPIN) chapters, Agile User Groups, and I.T. industry conference promoters and presenters. Independent variables included performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, with the dependant variable being behavioral intent to adopt agile software development methods. The independent variable of agile software development adoption and dependent variables of project performance were also included as well as predictive models relating adoption to on-time delivery of project functionality and stakeholder satisfaction. The variables in the study were measured via a 65-item questionnaire based on previous scales, and tested to ensure validity and reliability. The research questions were developed to identify correlations between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and the behavioral intent to adopt agile software development methods. Additional questions measured the correlation between adoption and key project performance attributes. The research found positive correlations between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intent to adopt agile software development methods, positive correlations between adoption and on-time delivery of project functionality and stakeholder satisfaction, and weak positive correlations with post delivery defects and project success rates.

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Rincon, de Munoz Betilde. "Determinants of female labor force participation in Venezuela : a cross-sectional analysis." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001985.

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Wong, Po-shan Joy. "Self-injurious behaviors in Hong Kong adolescents cross sectional and prospective studies /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35776845.

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Rönnlund, Michael. "Aspects of Declarative Memory Functioning in Adulthood : Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Psychology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146.

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The general objective of the thesis was to examine aspects of declarative memory functioning across the adult life span. The four papers were based on data collected as part of the Betula Prospective Cohort Study (Nilsson et al., 1997) and included largescale population-based samples of participants in the age range 35 to 90. In study I and study II the possibility that age differences in episodic memory may be compensated for by provision of encoding support in the form of enactment was investigated, using free and cued recall and recognition portioned into components of recollective experience as the dependent measures. In Study III, unitary, two-, and multi-factorial models of declarative memory were compared and age-invariance was tested for. In Study IV cross-sectional age differences were contrasted with five-year longitudinal changes on aggregate measures of episodic and semantic memory within age groups ranging from 35 to 85 years. The results of Study I and Study II demonstrated that enactment constitutes an effective form of encoding support, but that the age differences generalize across this form of encoding support. Study II indicated that most of the age-related variance in recognition and levels of recollective experience following enacted and non-enacted encoding was shared by a measure of processing speed. Study III confirmed that a two-factor model of declarative memory (episodic and semantic memory) yields superior fit as compared with a unitary model of declarative memory. However, the best fitting model was a six-factor model with recall and recognition (episodic memory) and knowledge and fluency (semantic associated with different patterns of age-related differences, with some indications that the first-order factors show differential age-related patterns, indicative of variability that cross-sectional data may give a false impression of decline for adults in the age range 35-60 years for episodic memory. There was no evidence of time-related decline within these age groups, even though practice effects were taken into account. However, past this age, substantial time-related decline was observed for the older adults, in line with cross-sectional data. Semantic memory performance tended to improve across time for the younger groups, but decline in old age, although the magnitude of this decline was less pronounced than for episodic memory. Cohort differences in education may be one important factor underlying the discrepancy between the cross-sectional and longitudinal aging patterns, both in the case of episodic and semantic memory. In conclusion, the result of the present studies show that age-related functional losses occur in forms of declarative memory, especially memory) as first-order factors. Episodic and semantic memory were found to be within the episodic and semantic memory domains. The results of Study IV showed episodic memory, but that the onset of decline does not begin until old age.

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Dahlin, Marie. "Future doctors : mental distress during medical education: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-147-0/.

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Rönnlund, Michael. "Aspects of declarative memory functioning in adulthood : cross-sectional and longitudinal studies /." Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146.

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Wong, Po-shan Joy, and 黃寶珊. "Self-injurious behaviors in Hong Kong adolescents: cross sectional and prospective studies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35776845.

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Okundaye, Osafran O. (Osafran Osarenkhoe). "A cross-sectional multivariate analysis of the determinants of maintenance costs in Boston's public housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76416.

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Kinsella, Anne E. "Change in residential prices--a cross-sectional time-series analysis for the Boston metropolitan area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67731.

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Lillis, Anne M. "Capitalising on the potential of cross-sectional field studies for theory refinement in management accounting." Melbourne, Vic. : University of Melbourne, Dept. of Accounting and Business Information Systems, 2002. http://wff2.ecom.unimelb.edu.au/accwww/research/papers/0203%20ALillis&JMundy.pdf.

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Herrmann, Susan E. "A cross-sectional study of the peripheral circulation in patients with nephrosis." Curtin University of Technology, School of Nursing, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10084.

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Background: Lipid abnormalities are a common feature of the nephrotic syndrome that is also characterised by oedema, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, and hypercoagulability. Concern has arisen over the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease that has been reported in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, particularly since the syndrome may occur early in life and become a chronic illness. The presence of proteinuria is a prognostic indicator for the progression of renal disease, but its possible contribution as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with nephrotic syndrome is not known. In contrast, disordered lipoprotein metabolism, in isolation, is a conventional risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. An early phase of atherosclerosis, vascular endothelial dysfunction, has been identified. Endothelial function can be measured non-invasively using ultrasonography and plethysmography allowing the impact of risk factors to be assessed in vivo.Aim: To test the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction occurs in the nephrotic syndrome primarily as a consequence of dyslipidaemia.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to study vascular function of the peripheral circulation in 45 individuals: fifteen patients with nephrosis (NP), 15 control subjects with primary hyperlipidaemia (HL) and 15 normolipidaernic controls (NC). The groups were matched for age, gender and body mass index. The NP group and the HL group had similar serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. High-resolution ultrasonography assessed endothelial function of the brachial artery. This non-invasive technique measured post- ischaemic flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTNMD). Post-ischaemic microcirculatory function was measured using venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography.Results: Post-ischaemic FMD of ++
the brachial artery was significantly lower in the NP and HL groups, compared with the NC group, with no significant difference found between the former two groups. There were no significant differences in GTNMD of the brachial artery, or in microcirculatory responses. In the patients with nephrosis, non-esterified free fatty acids were inversely associated with FMD, and maximal blood flow with insulin resistance.Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with nephrosis and provides a plausible basis for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in individuals with nephrotic syndrome.

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Fuente, Adrian. "Auditory damage associated with solvent exposure evidence from a cross-sectional study /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b4020375x.

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Paisley, Angela Nicole. "A cross-sectional study of the cardiovascular system in patients with acromegaly." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529195.

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陳嘉乾 and Ka-kin King Chan. "Alcohol and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40733920.

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Rule, Sarah Jane. "A cross-sectional study of french interlanguage development in an instructional setting." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364750.

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Chan, Ka-kin King. "Alcohol and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults a cross sectional study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40733920.

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Nilsson, Magnus, and Tobias Sandberg. "Mutual Love and Attachment : A cross-sectional dyadic study exploring asymmetrical love." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85619.

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The overarching question of the study was how common mutual love is, and to what extent attachment relates to relationship asymmetries. Four research questions and four hypotheses were posed and explored using a cross-sectional survey design with data analyzed using quantitative methods. Instruments were employed to measure passionate love, companionate love, partner value, emotional involvement and attachment. All four hypotheses found partial support. The main result show that a) asymmetries are relatively common on all scales b) mutual love means increased satisfaction, but mainly for women c) for most couples partners take turn at being the strong link, and this fluctuating dynamic leads to increased satisfaction c) attachment anxiety is related to asymmetries in romantic obsession rather than general passion d) avoidance in men relate to asymmetries in passionate love whereas avoidance in women relate to asymmetries in companionate love e) it seems common to have some form of positive illusions about whether one’s relationship is mutual or not. Finally, disagreeing about emotional involvement affects satisfaction more than actual asymmetries in love. The conclusion drawn is that honest communication is more important than mutual love.

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Agbalalah, Tari. "Vitamin D and cardiometabolic disease risk : a RCT and cross-sectional study." Thesis, University of Chester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620602.

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Given the strong evidence for a beneficial role of vitamin D in diabetes and CVD pathogenesis, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation has been advocated for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. To provide information on the effects of 5,000IU (125µg) vitamin D3 on cardiometabolic risk, a double blind, RCT in a cohort of overweight and obese UK adult males with plasma 25(OH)D concentration < 75nmol/L for a duration of 8 weeks was conducted. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first RCT to investigate the effect of 5,000IU (125µg) vitamin D3 on cardiometabolic markers in vitamin D insufficient, non-hypertensive and non-diabetic overweight and obese adult males.

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Arteaga, Zarate María de Guadalupe, and Olivares Gina Elizabeth Demarini. "Type 2 diabetes and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656152.

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Objective: To determine the association between diabetes mellitus type 2 and anxiety symptoms using a population-based study from the semi urban population of Tumbes, Peru. Research design and methods: The present study was an observational, analytical cross-sectional one. Data from a population-based study conducted in Tumbes, Peru between 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. The variables studied were T2DM, defined using fasting glucose and anxiety symptoms, using the Goldberg scale. Results: Data from 1609 individuals was analyzed, with mean age 48.16 (SD:10.61) and 810 women (50.3%), where a total of 161 were classified as having T2DM (10.0%; CI 95%: 8.5%-11.4%) and 675 individuals had anxiety symptoms (41.95%; CI 95%:39.5%-44.3%). A statistically significant association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms (p <0.001). Furthermore, those patients aware of their diagnosis of diabetes over 5 years had a 56% (95% CI: 25% - 96%) higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to participants without DM2. Conclusion: An association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms; there being a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms in participants previously aware of having DM2. Periodic monitoring of anxiety symptoms is recommended in these patients.
Objetivo: Determinar si existe una asociación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síntomas de ansiedad usando un estudio de base poblacional en la zona de Tumbes, Perú. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo observacional, transversal analítico. Se analizaron los datos procedentes de un estudio realizado en Tumbes, Perú entre los años 2016 al 2017. Las variables de interés fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como exposición; medido con glucosa en ayunas, y síntomas de ansiedad como variable resultado, evaluado usando la escala de Goldberg. Resultados: Se analizó 1609 individuos con edad media de 48,16 (DE:10,61) y 810 mujeres (50,3%); donde un total de 161 participantes padecían de DM2 (10,0%; IC 95%: 8,5%-11,4%) y 675 participantes (41,95%; IC95%:39,5%-44,3%) tenían síntomas de ansiedad. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad (p<0,001); más aún, aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mayor a 5 años tenían 56% (IC 95%: 25% - 96%) mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en comparación con los participantes sin DM2. Conclusión: Se encontró asociación entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad; habiendo mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en los participantes previamente conscientes de padecer DM2. Se recomienda hacer un seguimiento periódico de los síntomas de ansiedad en estos pacientes.
Tesis

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Tomy, Amitha Therese. "Sleep disturbances among immigrants in Sweden : A cross-sectional online survey study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104570.

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Introduction: adequate sleep is essential to maintain a healthy life. Inadequate sleep causes various health impacts. The Centers for disease control and prevention (CDCP) from the USA announced in 2015 that sleep disorders and insufficient sleep are global health epidemics. Globally, immigration has risen especially in Sweden compared to past decades. Immigration is one of the factors of social determinants of health. Since immigration show an increasing trend, it is necessary to give much attention to the sleep health of immigrants in a health science context. Aim: The main purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbances among immigrants in Sweden. Method: Cross-sectional survey study conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires online. Results: the prevalence of sleep disturbance among immigrants in Sweden was 69.16% (n=83). The most common self-identified factors associated with sleep disturbance were stress (62.4%, n=73) as psychological factors and high room temperature (48.3%, n=58) as environmental factors Conclusion: These findings show the necessity of taking immediate action to prevent further sleep consequences and climate change effects because of the increasing immigration trend. Future research studies can focus more on interventions that could control the impact of climate change-related sleep disturbances.

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Olsen, Nynne. "Functional outcome for older adults with movement disabilities : A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52819.

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Background: Previous research have found that different factors have associations with the level of function. Only few studies investigate the population of older adults with movement disabilities. Objective: The objective was to investigate how childhood socioeconomic status, education, gender, rural/urban living, and cohort affects functioning in late adulthood for people with movement disabilities. Six hypotheses were tested. Method: The sample was selected from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, and consisted of n=69 older adults with self-reported movement disability, mean age 78 years. They have all participated in motor function testing, which is an objective measure of function. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and binary logistic regressions were performed. Result: No significant difference were found between low/high childhood socioeconomic status, low/high education, men/women, rural/urban, and early/late cohort. Associations were found between age, urban living, later cohort and poorer functional level. Conclusion: The results indicate that the older adults from Sweden aging with a movement disability might have equal opportunity to develop and maintain functional ability. The participants all have a movement disability and it is possible that the disability is the main factor determining the functional level.

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Gunnink, Abigail M. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Student-Athlete Needs Satisfaction and Well-Being." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1985.

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Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), the purpose of this study was to examine (a) the effects of the social environment, as defined by the divisions of the Department of Athletics, on student-athletes' perceptions of basic needs satisfaction, (b) the effects of basic needs satisfaction on well-being, and (c) the effects of time demands, during in-season and off-season, on well-being, among student-athletes at Portland State University (PSU). Participants were student-athletes at PSU (n = 118). The participants completed a multi-section survey assessing basic needs satisfaction and well-being. Cumulative mean scores highlighted the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs as an indicator of positive well-being. The satisfaction of the need for competence emerged as the most important predictor of well-being. In-season time demands may contribute to a lower degree of well-being. The findings suggest that particular aspects of the social environment may be relevant for nurturing the basic psychological needs. The results also emphasize the importance of satisfying the three basic psychological needs in order to create an atmosphere that contributes to positive well-being.

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Uyamasi, Kido, Kesheng Wang, and Kiana R. Johnson. "Family Size and Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/28.

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Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refers to a group of auto-immune conditions involving joint inflammation that first appears before the age of 16. In the United States, about 294,000 children are affected. Although JIA can be widely attributed to genetic factors, the consensus is that environmental factors also play a role. Attempts to assess the role of environmental factors, though scarce, have focused on the role of infections, smoking exposure, and breastfeeding. Hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that adaptive immunological response improves with higher frequencies of pathogen exposure in early childhood, has been used to try to explain the risk of JIA. Common markers of microbe exposure in early life include sibling number, pet number, and maternal parity. Some prior studies conducted outside the U.S. suggests that increasing sibling number is protective against the risk of JIA. This study aimed to evaluate prior findings, using data from the U.S. Methods: The study used data from the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Survey for Child Health. The survey used a sample size of 21599 children to estimate the number of children in the U.S. Descriptive statistics was carried out, and logistic regression was used to determine the association between family number and the odds of developing JIA, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Family number was used as a proxy for sibling number. SAS v 9.4 was used for analysis. Results: Complete data on all the variables of interest were available for 17618 children, of which 67 had JIA. Although there was a marginal association between sibling number and JIA in the unadjusted model (OR [95% CI] 0.983-1.602) (P=0.068), in the adjusted model, there was no significant association between JIA and sibling number ([OR 95% CI] 0.8985-1.447) (P=0.29). There was a significant association between JIA and age, low birth weight, highest education level in the family, while sex had a marginal association. Conclusion: There was no association between family size and the development of JIA in this study. While some prior results have supported the observed significant effect of low birth weight, the disparity in results between this study and the Australian study could be due to the use of family number instead of sibling number. Further studies should assess the association of sibling number and developing JIA in the U.S.

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Small, Tamara. "Workplace Violence Prevention Training: A Cross-sectional Study of Home Healthcare Workers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595850151324948.

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Humberto, Janaína Silva Martins. "Prevalência de excesso de peso na população adulta, residente no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, 2006. Projeto OBEDIARP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-19012012-110956/.

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O aumento da prevalência do sobrepeso e da obesidade tem se revelado um problema de saúde pública mundial. O desenvolvimento da obesidade envolve múltiplos fatores, como padrão de atividade física, padrão de alimentação, variáveis sociais e ambientais, fatores biológicos e genéticos. O objetivo deste estudo, que está aninhado no Projeto de Pesquisa OBEDIARP, foi avaliar a prevalência do sobrepeso e da obesidade na população adulta residente no município de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, no ano de 2006 e estimá-la segundo variáveis sóciodemográficas, padrão de atividade física, padrão alimentar e saúde auto-referida. O estudo teve um delineamento transversal e foi desenvolvido no período de março de 2006 a junho de 2009. O processo de amostragem foi desenvolvido em três estágios, sendo o setor censitário a unidade primária de amostragem. Utilizou-se amostra ponderada de 2197 participantes. As variáveis do estudo foram: estado nutricional, sexo, idade, nível educacional, padrão de atividade física, tempo sentado, escores de freqüência de consumo de alimentos e auto-percepção do estado de saúde. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante a aplicação de entrevistas estruturadas que foram aplicadas nos domicílios dos elegíveis por uma equipe de entrevistadores previamente treinada. A taxa de resposta foi de 78%. Médias e proporções foram estimadas por pontos e por intervalos, com 95% de confiança. Para a avaliação de associações globais utilizou-se a estatística \"F\", adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Para avaliar as relações entre o Índice de Massa Corporal e variáveis relacionadas ao padrão alimentar, ao gasto metabólico em atividade física e ao tempo sentado, utilizou-se modelo de regressão linear, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Todas as análises foram desenvolvidas no software STATA para Windows, versão 8.2. As estimativas levaram em consideração o efeito de desenho. Do total dos participantes do estudo 69.96% eram do sexo feminino e 30.04% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 48.52 anos. A prevalência do excesso de peso encontrada foi de 64.65%, sendo que 39,23% foram classificados como pré-obesos e 25.42% como obesos. Os indivíduos classificados como insuficientemente ativos foram 66.29% da amostra. As variáveis sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, estado de saúde auto-referida e estado de saúde comparado aos amigos apresentaram associação com o estado nutricional. Foi possível identificar que o consumo de alimentos de alta densidade energética e a média diária de tempo sentado estiveram positivamente associados ao índice de massa corporal, embora apenas em alguns estratos das variáveis sóciodemográficas. Conclui-se que a elevada prevalência de excesso de peso e de inatividade física na população adulta de Ribeirão Preto, apontam para a necessidade de implementação de medidas específicas de promoção e prevenção em saúde.
The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity has revealed to be a global public health problem. The development of obesity involves multiple factors, such as physical activity pattern, eating pattern, social and environmental variables, biological and genetic factors This study, part of the OBEDIARP Research Project, aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population living in Ribeirão Preto, a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil in 2006 and to estimate it according to socio-demographic variables, physical activity pattern, eating pattern and self-referred health. The research, with a cross-sectional design, was developed between March 2006 and June 2009. The sampling process was developed in three stages, with the census sector serving as the primary sampling unit. A weighted sample of 2197 participants was used. The study variables were: nutritional state, gender, age, education level, physical activity pattern, sitting time, food consumption frequency scores and self-perception of health state. Data were collected through structured interviews, held at the eligible participants\' homes by a previously trained team of interviewers. The response rate was 78%. Means and proportions were estimated by points and intervals, at a 95% confidence level. \"F\" statistics were used to assess global associations, adopting a 5% significance level. To assess the relations between Body Mass Index and food pattern-related variables, metabolic rate in physical activity and sitting time, a linear regression model was used, adopting a 5% significance level. All analyses were developed in STATA for Windows software, version 8.2. The effect of design was taken into account in all estimates. Of all study participants, 69.96% were women and 30.04% men, with a mean age of 48.52 years. The prevalence rate of overweight was 64.65%, with 39.23% classified as pre-obese and 25.42% as obese. Individuals classified as insufficiently active corresponded to 66.29% of the sample. The variables gender, age range, education level, self-referred health state and health state compared to friends were associated with the nutritional state. It could be identified that consumption of high-energy foods and mean daily sitting time were positively associated with the body mass index, although in some socio-demographic layers only. It is concluded that the high prevalence of overweight and physical inactivity in the adult population of Ribeirão Preto point towards the need for specific health promotion and prevention measures.

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Makurumidze, Richard. "Factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe : cross-sectional study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79913.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Access to antiretroviral therapy has been gradually increasing in resource limited settings, Zimbabwe included. Despite the increasing access to antiretroviral therapy quite a number of patients are still delaying to seek antiretroviral therapy. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy. A survey was conducted at Parirenyatwa Hospital Opportunistic Infections/Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic from September and November 2012. A total of 80 participants starting antiretroviral therapy who met the criteria were included in the study. The inclusion criteria included patients 18 years above but less than 65 years, no prior history of antiretroviral therapy and eligibility for antiretroviral therapy based on CD4 count or World Health Organisation clinical staging. An interviewer administered questionnaire containing demographic, socio-economic and health-facility factors were used to collect data. Four weeks was used as a cut off point for delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy. The majority of participants (60%) delayed seeking antiretroviral therapy and the factors which were associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy included female gender; lack of a partner; low level of education; low socio-economic status; treatment of opportunistic infections; extra laboratory tests on top of the CD4 count tests; not being on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis; not being referred for antiretroviral therapy by the testing site; stigma and discrimination. However disclosure was not associated with early seeking of antiretroviral therapy. Health system factors such as attitude of health care workers, shortage of staff and long waiting times were also identified as bottlenecks to patients seeking antiretroviral therapy early. Efforts to increase early starting of antiretroviral therapy should focus on addressing the referral system from testing sites to antiretroviral therapy initiating sites, improving efficiency of antiretroviral initiating sites, increasing point of care HIV & AIDS diagnostics tools and addressing patient‟s concerns such as stigma & discrimination.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie Geleidelik is steeds in hulpbron beperkte omgewing, Zimbabwe ingesluit. Ten spyte van die toenemende toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie 'n hele aantal van die pasiënte is nog steeds vertraag antiretrovirale terapie te soek. Die doel van die studie was om faktore te ondersoek wat verband hou met vertraging in die soek van antiretrovirale terapie. 'n Opname is by Parirenyatwa-hospitaal opportunistiese infeksies / antiretrovirale terapie Clinic van September en November 2012. 'N totaal van 80 deelnemers begin antiretrovirale terapie wat met die kriteria wat in die studie ingesluit is. Die insluiting kriterium was pasiënte ouer as 18 jaar maar minder as 65 jaar, geen geskiedenis voor antiretrovirale terapie en in aanmerking kom vir antiretrovirale terapie gebaseer op CD4-telling of Kliniese stadiëring Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Was 'n onderhoudvoerder vraelys met demografiese, sosio-ekonomiese faktore en gesondheid-fasiliteit wat gebruik word om data in te samel. 4 weke is gebruik as die afsny punt vir die vertraging in die soeke na antiretrovirale terapie. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (60%) antiretrovirale terapie en die faktore wat verband hou met die vertraging in die soek na antiretrovirale terapie is vertraag te soek vroulike geslag, gebrek van 'n vennoot, lae vlak van onderwys, 'n lae sosio-ekonomiese status, behandeling van opportunistiese infeksies; Ekstra laboratoriumtoetse op die top van die CD4-telling toetse nie op Cotrimoxazole Profilakse, nie vir antiretrovirale terapie verwys deur die toets site, stigma en diskriminasie. Egter openbaarmaking wat nie verband hou met die vroeë soek van antiretrovirale terapie. Gesondheid stelsel faktore soos houding van gesondheidsorgwerkers, tekort aan personeel en lang wagtye, is ook geïdentifiseer as knelpunte aan pasiënte op soek na vroeë antiretrovirale terapie Pogings om te vroeg begin van antiretrovirale terapie Verhoog Indien Fokus op die verwysingstelsel van die toets sites tot antiretrovirale terapie Inisiëring sites, verbetering van doeltreffendheid van antiretrovirale Inisiëring sites, Verhoog Punt van Care MIV & VIGS diagnose tools en aanspreek van die pasiënt se Kommer Soos stigma en diskriminasie.

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Cheung, Miao-miao. "Sleep patterns of secondary school students in Hong Kong a cross-sectional study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971593.

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Cheung, Miao-miao, and 張苗苗. "Sleep patterns of secondary school students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971593.

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Li, Wenjia, and 李汶嘉. "Dietary flavonoids and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657443.

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Introduction: Cognitive impairment (CI) in older adults refers to impairment in cognition function beyond normal aging. Previous studies have reported the effect of dietary antioxidants, especially flavonoids on cognitive function in older adults, suggesting that high dietary flavonoids intake may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. However, most of these studies were reported in Caucasian older populations in Western countries. Moreover, some studies were positive, which others were negative studies. There was no previous study regarding dietary flavonoids and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore the association between dietary intake flavonoids and the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, and to identify the independent factors associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults. Method: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, 200 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and gave written informed consent were recruited from the Geriatric clinics in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, from 11th July to 31st October 2011. All recruited subjects were invited to attend face-to-face interviews. Brief cognitive assessments by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were done for all subjects. Every subject also answered a detailed questionnaire on socio-demographic, type and frequency of diet items (food frequency questionnaire) and co-morbid diseases. Main outcome measure: The primary outcome measure was cognitive function, using an education-adjusted MMSE cut-off s to categorize the subjects into two groups (i.e. normal cognitive group and cognitively impaired group). Results: 200 subjects were recruited, 104 participants (37 males and 67 females) were in the normal cognitive group and 96 subjects (22 males and 74 females) were in the cognitively impaired group. The mean amount of dietary flavonoids intake of the cognitively normal group was higher than that of the cognitively impaired group (i.e. 291.84 grams/day and 240.92 grams/day respectively; p=0.006 Mann-Whitney U test). Other common dietary nutrients were also compared between the two groups. The dietary carbohydrate (p<0.001), total sugar (p<0.001), vitamin C (p=0.001) and folic acid (p<0.001) intakes were significantly related to cognitive impairment (using chi-square statistics). After adjustment for age, gender, education, exercise pattern, the dietary flavonoids intake was not independently associated with cognitive impairment. However, after adjustment for age, education level, exercise pattern and BMI, the higher to highest quartile of dietary carbohydrate intake (184.184-1176.703g/d), high total sugar intake (0.166-35.102g/d), highest quartile of vitamin C intake (139.803-900.952mg/d), the third and fourth quartiles of folic acid intake (208.899-1544.418mcg/d) were significantly associated with reduced risks of cognitive impairment. Older adults who had regular exercise (both less and more than 30 minutes per day) had lower risk of cognitive impairment than those who never did exercise (OR= 0.361, 95% confidence interval=0.167-0.784 for less than 30 minutes/d; OR=0.137, 95% confidence interval=0.048-0.396 for more than 30 minutes/d). We also found high BMI was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment with an OR of 0.897 (95% confidence interval=0.816-0.987). Besides, the increasing age was also associated with cognitive impairment (OR=1.059, 95% confidence interval=1.007-1.115). Conclusion: In summary, the present study demonstrated that the dietary flavonoids intake was not significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Medical Sciences

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Zhou, Haigong. "Cross sectional and time series analysis of individual stock volatility : an international study /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202004%20ZHOU.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-35). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Cruz-Espaillat, Grisseel A. "A Cross-Sectional Study: Dietary Micronutrient Levels in Allied Health and Nursing Students." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/350.

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The adequate intake of micronutrients is important to maintain optimal health and prevent nutritional disorders and chronic disease. Studies have shown that medical students often reduce self-care behaviors and lack adequate dietary intake, leading to nutritional deficiencies. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, measurements of micronutrient levels in a sample of allied health and nursing students were compared to Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) values. NutritionQuest Data-on-Demand System was used to analyze nutrients and food group intake. The postpositivist paradigm was used to examine how the independent and dependent variables relate to each other. Using a one-sample t test, a comparison of average micronutrient intake among study participants with RDA values for those micronutrients showed that average micronutrient intake in the study population was higher than recommended values. Two sample t-test results showed no significant difference in average intake of micronutrients among participants with high and low income levels, or with high and low stress levels. As the normality assumption was not satisfied by the outcome variables, nonparametric tests were used to evaluate hypotheses. While this finding does not support the original hypothesis, it could have implications for the role of allied health and nursing practitioners in the care of both their patients and members of their medical team. Conversely, an assumption of this study was that a high level of similarity between the traditional medical student population and the allied health and nursing population in terms of nutritional habits may have led to a flaw in the overall research hypothesis. The detection of micronutrient deficiencies in students can bring awareness to improve nutritional intake and initiate a change in how public health officials advocate healthy and balanced diets.

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49

Clenzos, N. "Sports physiotherapists' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of pain a cross-sectional correlational study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3008.

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Chu, Zhihui. "Social Comparison on Facebook, Self-esteem, and Consumption Patterns: A Cross-sectional Study." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500472012044883.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cross-sectional study's'

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