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Peker, Sahika Ruzgar Peker. "EVALUATION OF TWIST COMPRESSIONS TEST (TCT) AND CUP DRAW TEST (CDT) FOR DETERMINING THE PERFORMANCE OF LUBRICANTS FOR SHEET METAL FORMING OPERATIONS." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462196133.
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Olofsson, Tomas. ""How to win the world cup" : En taktikanalys kring de avgörande målen i tre världsmästerskap i fotboll, med perspektiv på dagens fotbollsforskning." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Tränarlänken, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2223.
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Fiera, Luiz Ricardo. "Determinação do coeficiente de atrito através do ensaio do anel comparado com a extrusão por duplo copo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148029.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo dos coeficientes de atrito obtidos através do ensaio do anel, que é um dos métodos clássicos para verificação e a caracterização do atrito, comparado com a extrusão por duplo copo, DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). Foram feitos ensaios utilizando como material para confecção dos corpos de prova o alumínio AA6351 e variando três situações de lubrificação: teflon, grafite e ensaios sem lubrificação. Para o DCE foi desenvolvido o projeto e fabricação do ferramental, permitindo variar punções de duas dimensões diferentes. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos com cada uma das técnicas foram comparados e apresentados, traçando-se um paralelo do atrito verificado, bem como o comportamento do material em relação às ferramentas utilizadas nos experimentos e as variações de lubrificação.This work aims to study the friction coefficients obtained by the ring test, which is one of the classic methods for verification and characterization of friction, compared with DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). The tests were made using as material for preparation of specimens, the aluminum AA6351 and varying three situations lubrication, Teflon, graphite and tests without lubrication. For DCE was developed the design and manufacture of tooling, allowing vary punctures in two differ dimensions. The results obtained in the experiments with each of the techniques have been compared and shown by drawing a parallel scanned the friction and the material behavior in relation to the tools used in the experiments and lubrication changes.
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Mao, Tingting. "Evaluation of Formability and Drawability of Al 5182-O Using a Servo Drive Press." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408639500.
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Lanzon, Joseph, and kimg@deakin edu au. "EVALUATING LUBRICANTS IN SHEET METAL FORMING." Deakin University. Department of Science and Engineering, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040428.095238.
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The sheet metal forming process basically involves the shaping of sheet metal of various thickness and material properties into the desired contours. This metal forming process has been extensively used by the automotive industry to manufacture both car panels and parts. Over the years numerous investigations have been conducted on various aspects of the manufacturing process with varied success. In recent years the requirements on the sheet metal forming industry have headed towards improved stability in the forming process while lowering environmental burdens. Therefore the overall aim of this research was to identify a technique for developing lubricant formulations that are insensitive to the sheet metal forming process.
Due to the expense of running experiments on production presses and to improve time efficiency of the process the evaluation procedure was required to be performed in a laboratory. Preliminary investigations in the friction/lubricant system identified several laboratory tests capable of measuring lubricant performance and their interaction with process variables. However, little was found on the correlation between laboratory tests and production performance of lubricants. Therefore the focus of the research switched to identifying links between the performance of lubricants in a production environment and laboratory tests. To reduce the influence of external parameters all significant process variables were identified and included in the correlation study to ensure that lubricant formulations could be desensitised to all significant variables.
The significant process variables were found to be sensitive to die position, for
instance: contact pressure, blank coating of the strips and surface roughness of the dies were found significant for the flat areas of the die while no variables affected friction when polished drawbeads were used. The next phase was to identify the interaction between the significant variables and the main lubricant ingredient groups. Only the fatty material ingredient group (responsible for the formation of boundary lubricant regimes) was found to significantly influence friction with no interaction between the ingredient groups. The influence of varying this ingredient group was then investigated in a production part and compared to laboratory results.
The correlation between production performance and laboratory tests was found to be test dependant. With both the Flat Face Friction test and the Drawbead Simulator unaffected by changes in the lubricant formulation, while the Flat Bottom Cup test showing similar results as the production trial. It is believed that the lack of correlation between the friction tests and the production performance of the lubricant is due to the absence of bulk plastic deformation of the strip. For this reason the Ohio State University (OSU) friction test was incorporated in the lubricant evaluation procedure along with a Flat Bottom Cup test.
Finally, it is strongly believed that if the lubricant evaluation procedure highlighted in this research is followed then lubricant formulations can be developed confidently in the laboratory.
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Rocha, Sheila Ann, and Sheila Ann Rocha. "Reimagining Indigenous Identity through Performance Text-Counting Coup on the "Cop in the Head"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621740.
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This dissertation interrogates obscured Indigenous identities by way of an original dramatic script that employs story-telling as an inherent cultural device that sustains a sense of peoplehood. In an art-based inquiry, I use Gerald Vizenor's notion of "postindian" to respond to the ways in which postindian identities establish "survivance"; that is, how the presence, resistance and endurance of Indigenous lives challenge simulations. Native histories in the shadow of dominance can be reimagined through cultural acts of resilience that overcome internalized oppressions or what Augusto Boal referred to as the "cop in the head". Reproductions of the image of oppressor are too often constructed in the image of self that prevents authentic being. The script demonstrates the criticality of authoring a counter-narrative that celebrates Indigenous history remembered and survived. Through Indigenous values of relationality and responsibility, it offers an unfinished third act of the play. The final act confers agency upon a future community audience to engage in an interactive style of participation known as Theater of the Oppressed to explore various resolutions.
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Hjärtquist, Peter, and Erik Möller. "Robustness Testing of a CPP emulator." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1725.
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During the last few years, Ericsson has developed an emulator for the telephone system called CPP (Connectivity Packet Platform) with TietoEnator as a subcontractor. The emulator is called CPPemu and emulates the hardware used in the network nodes in CPP. This means that the same software that may be run on a node in a CPP network may be run on the emulated hardware in the emulator. TietoEnator would like to examine whether the emulator may be used for testing software instead of running tests using physical hardware. For this experiment, a particular event will be tested in the CPP emulator.
A fail-over procedure, which works in a physical CPP node, will be verified to work in the CPP emulator. A fail-over may be defined as
The failure and automatic replacement of part of a system such that the user does not notice the failure and is not affected by it. The part which has failed is replaced by a backup part.
This experiment consisted of three majors steps, namely (i) configuring the emulator, (ii) creating a network by setting up a redundant network (one main link and one backup link) between two emulated nodes and finally (iii) testing the fail-over procedure. The fail-over was tested by generating and sending traffic through the network, triggering the fail-over by ejecting the board which is currently sending and receiving traffic and inspecting the log files to evaluate if the fail-over works as intended. The results of the experiment indicated that the system performed as expected.
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WANG, WENCHAO, and ZHANHUA JIANG. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WHEELER CAP TEST SET-UP." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8007.
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In practice, the radiation efficiency of antennas is often measured by the anechoic chambers. For this method, it takes plenty time and cost. In order to bring down the measurement costs, another alternative method was proposed and published by H.A. Wheeler in 1959. The Wheeler Cap method can measure the radiation efficiency of the antenna quickly and easily during the design and development stage. It has the many benefits, such as simple construction, easy and fast to implement, lower cost and accurate enough compared to other methods. Moreover, it is a reliable and extensively used method for measuring the antenna’s radiation efficiency. The basic concept about Wheeler’s method is to use the "radiansphere" which is the boundary between the near field and the far field of any small antenna to measure the radiation efficiency of antenna under test. The radiation efficiency is obtained by performing measurement in two steps i.e. measuring the antenna under test (AUT) without and with conducting radiation metal shield. The main objective of this thesis work is to design and construct a Wheeler cap test set-up. This thesis is performed to study a modified Wheeler cap method which is based on constant power loss principle and according to this principle the loss resistance of AUT remains constant whether the Wheeler cap is placed or removed, it means the AUT has zero or finite radiation resistance. Thus, the radiation efficiency can be measured using the return loss magnitude with or without Wheeler cap. The equivalent RLC circuits of AUT in the free space and with a Wheeler cap have been theoretically reviewed and analyzed. At the same time, the mathematical expressions of radiation efficiency were presented in terms of return loss using equivalent RLC circuits. In this thesis, four types of antenna have been selected to find their radiation efficiency by the Wheeler cap method using HFSS software. To compare the simulation and measurement results of radiation efficiency, lossless wire monopole antenna and lossy loop antenna are simulated, fabricated and measured. It is found that the measurement results correlates with the simulation results.
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Piippo, P. (Perttu). "Automatic capacity test case result analysis from CPU loads." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201812083252.
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Machine learning and artificial intelligence have become popular buzz words in the science community. The advancements in both methodology and computing capability have paved the way for major improvements in multiple fields, leading to an increased interest in machine learning. Most importantly, many companies have also shown interest in applying machine learning in real life situations. Automated testing environments is one area where there is both data and application for machine learning available. For example, software and hardware capacity testing can produce large amounts of result data that can become unfeasible to analyze manually. Introducing machine learning into these environments can both help find interesting insights and automate the monitoring of results. This thesis explores introducing machine learning into the capacity testing environment of a major telecommunications company. The work involved exploration of available testing data and various machine learning algorithms. Clustering, anomaly detection and regression with multiple methods were experimented with using different data sets. Ultimately regression using random forests to estimate base station CPU loads based on LTE L2 test parameters was found to produce most promising results. Two random forest models were built and optimized with hyperparameter tuning and trained and validated with real test result data. The validation showed that the models were valid and could explain 99% of the variation in CPU loads. The most important features affecting CPU loads were also identified. The predictive models thus created are utilized in an automatic monitoring tool that reports possibly anomalous test results based on measured CPU loads. Additionally, this work acts as a groundwork for further machine learning efforts in the target environment and highlights the need for a better data plan in the company for better utilization of data science methodsKoneoppimisesta ja tekoälystä on tullut polttavia puheenaiheita tiedeyhteisön keskuudessa. Sekä menetelmien että tietotekniikan kehitys ovat mahdollistaneet merkittävät edistysaskeleet monella aihealueella. Tämä on johtanut kiinnostuksen merkittävään kasvuun koneoppimista kohtaan. Ehkä kaikkein huomattavinta on yhtiöiden kasvava kiinnostus soveltaa koneoppimista käytännön käyttötarkoituksiin. Automaattiset testiympäristöt ovat eräs alue joka tarjoaa sekä käyttökohteen että dataa koneoppimiselle. Esimerkiksi ohjelmistojen ja laitteistojen kapasiteettitestaus tuottaa usein suuret määrät dataa, jota voi olla epäkäytännöllistä käsitellä manuaalisesti. Koneoppimisen avulla voidaan sekä löytää mielenkiintoisia yksityiskohtia datasta, että automatisoida testitulosten analysointia. Tämä työ keskittyy koneoppimisen käyttöön suuren telekommunikaatioyhtiön kapasiteettitestausympäristössä. Työn suurena osana oli käytössä olevan datan sekä olemassa olevien koneoppimismetodien tutkimus. Tähän kuului klusteroinnin, poikkeavuuksien tunnistamisen ja regression kokeilua erilaisiin datakokonaisuuksiin erilaisin menetelmin. Tutkinnan tuloksena lupaavimmaksi lähestymistavaksi valikoitui regressio-analyysi random forest menetelmällä. Analyysin kohteena oli tukiasemien CPU-kuorman arvioiminen LTE L2 testiparametreista. Tutkimusta varten sovitettiin kaksi random forest mallia. Mallit optimoitiin hyperparametrien virityksellä ja opetettiin todellisella testitulosdatalla. Mallit myös validoitiin erillisellä joukolla oikeita testituloksia. Validointi osoitti mallien mallintavan CPU-kuorman ja parametrien suhdetta hyvin ja kykenevän selittämään 99% variaatiosta CPU-kuormassa. Lisäksi eniten CPU-kuormaan vaikuttavat tekijät tunnistettiin. Opetuksen ja optimoinnin tuloksena syntyneet mallit ovat perustana monitorointityökalulle, jonka tehtävänä on raportoida mahdollisesti ongelmallisista testituloksista CPU-kuorman perusteella. Lisäksi, tämä työ toimii perustana jatkuvalle koneoppimisen hyödyntämiselle kohdeympäristössä sekä osoittaa, että yhtiö tarvitsee paremman suunnitelman datan tehokkaalle käsittelylle
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Venkataraman, Shivakumaran B. "Evaluation of lubricants for cold forming of steels by double-cup extrusion tests." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1232.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 106 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76).
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Oubrahim, Imane. "Fiabilisation des approches théoriques pour la caractérisation des matériaux et la modélisation hygrothermique des enveloppes du bâtiment." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS021.
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La rénovation des bâtiments résidentiels très anciens (construits avant toutes réglementations thermiques) est un moyen efficace pour réduire l’énergie consommée par le secteur du bâtiment. Cependant, une hésitation des propriétaires pour passer à l’acte retarde les objectifs fixés pour ce secteur en matière d’économies d’énergie. Cette hésitation vient de la méconnaissance du comportement hygrothermique des matériaux qui ont été utilisés jadis pour la construction et l’inexistence d’outils intégrant des modèles hygrothermiques capables de traiter des situations complexes comme celles rencontrées lors de la rénovation. Pour participer à l’encouragement de la rénovation, ce travail vise à fiabiliser la modélisation hygrothermique des matériaux composants l’enveloppe du bâtiment en travaillant sur les coefficients hygrothermiques mis en jeu pour établir les modèles des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse. En effet, il y était analysé l’impact du phénomène d’hystérésis dans le processus de sorption d’eau sur les transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse dans des conditions dynamiques. L’effet de la température sur la sorption d’eau via la chaleur complémentaire de sorption et son impact a été examiné. La détermination expérimentale du coefficient de diffusion de la vapeur avec la méthode de la coupelle y était étudiée pour mettre en lumière l’impact que pourraient avoir l’utilisation de cette méthode traditionnelle sur la mesure de ce paramètre. À l’issue de cette analyse, une nouvelle méthode a été proposée et testée pour identifier simultanément le coefficient de diffusion à la vapeur et la perméabilité à l’air. Enfin, en ayant déterminé tous les coefficients caractérisant les transferts, une identification par méthode inverse de la perméabilité relative au liquide pourrait être effectuée. Dans ce travail, une méthodologie a été proposée pour déterminer ce coefficient de transferts de l’eau liquide. Après avoir analysé l’effet de chaque paramètre séparément, une intégration des propriétés modifiées pour analyser l’impact couplé de ces paramètres a été effectuéeThe renovation of old residential buildings (built before any thermal regulations) is an effective way to reduce the energy consumed by the building sector. However, owners’ reluctance to take action is delaying the objectives set for this sector in terms of energy savings. This hesitation stems from ignorance of the hygrothermal behavior of the materials used in the past for construction. In addition, the tools that integrate hygrothermal models seem unable to deal with complex situations such as those encountered during renovation. We aim to help make reliable the modeling of coupled heat and mass transfer by working on the hygrothermal coefficients involved to establish the physical models. Indeed, it was analyzed the impact of the phenomenon of hysteresis in the water sorption process on the coupled transfers of heat and mass under dynamic conditions. The effect of temperature on water sorption via complementary sorption heat and its impact was examined. The experimental determination of the vapor diffusion coefficient with the cup method was also studied to highlight the impact the traditional use of this experiment could have on the measurement of the concerned parameter. As a result of this analysis, a new method was proposed and tested to simultaneously identify the vapor diffusion coefficient and the air permeability. Finally, having determined all the coefficients characterizing the transfers, identification by an inverse method of the relative liquid permeability could be carried out. In this work, a methodology was proposed to determine this liquid water transfer coefficient. After analyzing the effect of each parameter separately, integration of the modified properties was performed to analyze the coupled impact of these parameters
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CARVALHO, Gustavo Henrique Porto de. "NAT2TEST: generating test cases from natural language requirements based on CSP." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17929.
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High trustworthiness levels are usually required when developing critical systems, and model based testing (MBT) techniques play an important role generating test cases from specification models. Concerning critical systems, these models are usually created using formal or semi-formal notations. Moreover, it is also desired to clearly and formally state the conditions necessary to guarantee that an implementation is correct with respect to its specification by means of a conformance relation, which can be used to prove that the test generation strategy is sound. Despite the benefits of MBT, those who are not familiar with the models syntax and semantics may be reluctant to adopt these formalisms. Furthermore, most of these models are not available in the very beginning of the project, when usually natural-language requirements are available. Therefore, the use of MBT is postponed. Here, we propose an MBT strategy for generating test cases from controlled naturallanguage (CNL) requirements: NAT2TEST, which refrains the user from knowing the syntax and semantics of the underlying notations, besides allowing early use of MBT via naturallanguage processing techniques; the formal and semi-formal models internally used by our strategy are automatically generated from the natural-language requirements. Our approach is tailored to data-flow reactive systems: a class of embedded systems whose inputs and outputs are always available as signals. These systems can also have timed-based behaviour, which may be discrete or continuous. The NAT2TEST strategy comprises a number of phases. Initially, the requirements are syntactically analysed according to a CNL we proposed to describe data-flow reactive systems. Then, the requirements informal semantics are characterised based on the case grammar theory. Afterwards, we derive a formal representation of the requirements considering a model of dataflow reactive systems we defined. Finally, this formal model is translated into communicating sequential processes (CSP) to provide means for generating test cases. We prove that our test generation strategy is sound with respect to our timed input-output conformance relation based on CSP: csptio. Besides CSP, we explore the generation of other target notations (SCR and IMR) from which we can generate test cases using commercial tools (T-VEC and RT-Tester, respectively). The whole process is fully automated by the NAT2TEST tool. Our strategy was evaluated considering examples from the literature, the aerospace (Embraer) and the automotive (Mercedes) industry. We analysed performance and the ability to detect defects generated via mutation. In general, our strategy outperformed the considered baseline: random testing. We also compared our strategy with relevant commercial tools.
Testes baseados em modelos (MBT) consiste em criar modelos para especificar o comportamento esperado de sistemas e, a partir destes, gerar testes que verificam se implementações possuem o nível de confiabilidade esperado. No contexto de sistemas críticos, estes modelos são normalmente (semi)formais e deseja-se uma definição precisa das condições necessárias para garantir que uma implementação é correta em relação ao modelo da especificação. Esta definição caracteriza uma relação de conformidade, que pode ser usada para provar que uma estratégia de MBT é consistente (sound). Apesar dos benefícios, aqueles sem familiaridade com a sintaxe e a semântica dos modelos empregados podem relutar em adotar estes formalismos. Aqui, propõe-se uma estratégia de MBT para gerar casos de teste a partir de linguagem natural controlada (CNL). Esta estratégia (NAT2TEST) dispensa a necessidade de conhecer a sintaxe e a semântica das notações formais utilizadas internamente, uma vez que os modelos intermediários são gerados automaticamente a partir de requisitos em linguagem natural. Esta estratégia é apropriada para sistemas reativos baseados em fluxos de dados: uma classe de sistemas embarcados cujas entradas e saídas estão sempre disponíveis como sinais. Estes sistemas também podem ter comportamento dependente do tempo (discreto ou contínuo). Na estratégia NAT2TEST, inicialmente, os requisitos são analisados sintaticamente de acordo com a CNL proposta neste trabalho para descrever sistemas reativos. Em seguida, a semântica informal dos requisitos é caracterizada utilizando a teoria de gramática de casos. Posteriormente, deriva-se uma representação formal dos requisitos considerando um modelo definido neste trabalho para sistemas reativos. Finalmente, este modelo é traduzido em uma especificação em communicating sequential processes (CSP) para permitir a geração de testes. Este trabalho prova que a estratégia de testes proposta é consistente considerando a relação de conformidade temporal baseada em entradas e saídas também definida aqui: csptio. Além de CSP, foi explorada a geração de outras notações formais (SCR e IMR), a partir das quais é possível gerar casos de teste usando ferramentas comerciais (T-VEC e RT-Tester, respectivamente). Todo o processo é automatizado pela ferramenta NAT2TEST. A estratégia NAT2TEST foi avaliada considerando exemplos da literatura, da indústria aeroespacial (Embraer) e da automotiva (Mercedes). Foram analisados o desempenho e a capacidade de detectar defeitos gerados através de operadores de mutação. Em geral, a estratégia NAT2TEST apresentou melhores resultados do que a referência adotada: testes aleatórios. A estratégia NAT2TEST também foi comparada com ferramentas comerciais relevantes.
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Shivam, Satyesh. "Development of a Calibration Tool using CCP and XCP on CAN Bus." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-216041.
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Testing of the Electronic Control Unit is a very important step before delivering the software to customer. Due to increasing complexity in the requirements and the timing constraints, it is needed that the testing should be proper and on time. To meet the timing constraints it is needed to automate the entire process of testing. Although the current testing tool support the automation process, it is very slow. In this thesis a new tool has been developed which will support calibration using CCP and XCP on CAN bus. Secondly, the tool will also provide the feature of automation, where user can write their own script to test the ECU. This will make the entire process of testing very fast. Finally both the solutions will be compared with respect to time for deducing the final conclusion.
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Flint, Jesse. "Altering cue use in complex auditory decision tasks." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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FARGE, BRIGITTE. "Epreuve de migration des spermatozoides jusqu'au cul-de-sac de douglas." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF11024.
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Chan, Wing-kwong, and 陳榮光. "Towards a new extension relation for compositional test case generation for CSP concurrent processes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245183.
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Ortman, Agnes. "Increased knowledge and parents fertility decisions. The effect of the CUB-test on abortions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388813.
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New and more advanced prenatal tests have steadily been introduced in the Swedish maternity care system in the last 30 years. The combined test, CUB, was introduced step wise in Swedish maternal care from 2008 and onward. The CUB test detects children with chromosomal abnormalities prenatally and is offered at no charge for women in treated counties. This thesis investigate the reform using a difference-in-difference approach to determine the effect of the CUB test on the number of late abortions performed. My theoretical framework suggest that the introduction of CUB should increase the number of abortions of children with chromosomal aberrations. As supported by theory I find a positive effect of CUB on late abortions for my main group of interest, women 35-39 years old. These women were the ones most effected by CUB. The positive effect of 0.47 percentage units is statistically significant at the 10% level. It corresponds to a 3.6-7.1% decrease in the number of babies born with chromosomal aberrations.
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de, Carvalho Nogueira Sidney. "Geração automática de casos de teste CSP orientada por propósitos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2629.
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Previous issue date: 2006Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O processo de desenvolvimento de software está sujeito a inserção de erros diversos cuja presença compromete a qualidade final dos produtos de software. Teste é uma atividade dinâmica e bastante custosa dentro das várias empregadas pela Garantia da Qualidade de Software. O objetivo de teste é demonstrar que um comportamento específico (cenário) de um sistema foi bem (passou no teste) ou mal sucedido (falhou no teste), através de um veredicto. Automação de testes visa tornar o processo mais ágil em atividades repetitivas e menos suscetível a erros humanos. Existem várias abordagens de geração automática de teste, baseadas na representação formal do comportamento do sistema, que empregam diferentes critérios de seleção para os testes. Quando o objetivo do teste é focar na investigação de certas propriedades ou comportamentos importantes do sistema a ser testado, podemos utilizar o critério de seleção denominado propósito de teste (test purposes). CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes) é uma notação formal bastante expressiva, uma álgebra de processos útil para especificar comportamentos de sistemas concorrentes e distribuídos, de hardware e software. Infelizmente, não existe na literatura abordagens para geração de testes diretamente a partir de álgebras de processo como CSP. As abordagens existentes utilizam a representação operacional (sistemas de transições rotuladas LTS) dos processos CSP. O objetivo deste trabalho é introduzir uma estratégia para geração automática de testes consistentes (sound), elaborada inteiramente a partir da semântica denotacional de CSP (notação de processos e modelos semânticos). É definida uma teoria de testes baseada na Teoria de Testes de Tretmans. Um ponto comum entre estas teorias é que o conjunto de ações de entrada e saída para especificações (alfabetos), implementações e testes são separados, de forma a definir com precisão os veredictos para execução dos testes e a relação de conformidade entre implementação e especificação. Adicionalmente, uma relação de conformidade denotada cspioco é introduzida em termos de refinamentos de processos para determinar se o processo que representa a implementação a ser testada está coerente com o comportamento do processo da especificação. É apresentada, ainda, a estrutura e a utilização de uma ferramenta implementada com o propósito de avaliar esta abordagem dentro do ambiente de teste de um projeto de pesquisa que envolve uma cooperação entre o CIn-UFPE e a Motorola Industrial Limitada. Alguns experimentos práticos foram realizados neste contexto
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Artesiani, Gianluca. "Applicazione di tecniche lean per l’ottimizzazione dei test COP: il caso Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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L’attuale contesto delle imprese italiane, specialmente quelle che operano in un mercato competitivo come quello delle moto di grande cilindrata, impone una attenzione mirata alla eliminazione degli sprechi in ogni settore.
L’obiettivo della tesi di laurea è quello di dimostrare l’applicabilità dei concetti del Lean Thinking e degli step della Lean Production ad un settore diverso da quello della produzione, come quello della gestione dei test di conformità di produzione, per il miglioramento dell’efficienza del reparto.
Le attuali norme in ambito di sicurezza stradale ed ambientale impongono alle aziende produttrici di veicoli regole molto stringenti e l’esecuzione di test che certifichino che i veicoli in produzione risultino conformi alla loro omologazione, i test di Conformità di Produzione (CoP, Conformity of Production)
La metodologia applicata consiste nell’acquisizione di dati in azienda, nell’identificazione degli sprechi presenti nella metodologia di esecuzione dei test, nella mappatura dei processi e nella loro catalogazione in indispensabili, ottimizzabili ed eliminabili.
Sono stati illustrati e successivamente applicati i classici concetti del Lean Thinking per l’eliminazione degli sprechi e se ne è verificato il funzionamento.
Si è ipotizzata l’applicazione degli step della Lean Production adattabili al contesto del progetto e si sono analizzati i due possibili stati futuri a seconda della scelta di un singolo fornitore o di due fornitori separati per l’esecuzione dei test.
Sono infine state valutate le due opzioni alla luce di parametri di performance che sono stati definiti ed è stato effettuato un confronto al fine di stimare quale fosse la più vantaggiosa rispetto ad indicatori finanziari e non.
In conclusione i principi Lean, adeguatamente ripensati e rielaborati, possono portare vantaggi anche in settori che al giorno d’oggi non sono stati molto indagati, come i test per la conformità di produzione.
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DAMASCENO, Adriana Carla. "Geração mecanizada de abstrações seguras para especificações CSP." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1471.
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Previous issue date: 2008Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com a crescente demanda por diminuição de custos no desenvolvimento de software, há a necessidade de que os programas possam ser construídos de acordo com uma especificação concordante com os requisitos do cliente. Nesse sentido, a especificação formal pode ser utilizada para representar os requisitos do sistema. Uma vez que a especificação formal foi desenvolvida, ela pode ser usada como base para investigar determinadas propriedades através de um verificador de modelos. Ele aceita modelos e propriedades que o sistema final deve satisfazer. Então, a ferramenta gera uma resposta positiva se um dado modelo satisfaz uma dada especificação ou um contra-exemplo, em caso negativo. O contra-exemplo detalha a situação em que o modelo não foi satisfeito. Mas na maioria das vezes, problemas do mundo real não podem adotar essa abordagem porque usam domínios infinitos (levando ao problema da explosão de estados). Como forma de resolver essa questão, técnicas de abstração de dados são empregadas para gerar especificações abstratas finitas a partir de sistemas infinitos concretos. A linguagem de especificação usada nesse trabalho é CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes). Ela é uma linguagem formal que é usada para descrever padrões de interação em sistemas concorrentes. Uma das técnicas de abstração para especificações possíveis para essa linguagem é a abstração segura de dados. Essa abstração visa gerar um modelo abstrato a partir de um equivalente concreto que conserve as propriedades do sistema com respeito ao comportamento (modelo de traces) através da escolha de um dado do domínio abstrato para cada subconjunto do domínio concreto. O objetivo desse trabalho é propor um algoritmo para geração mecanizada de abstrações seguras para sistemas CSP seqüenciais com recursão simples. A especificação do algoritmo é apresentada usando o paradigma funcional e elementos da linguagem Z, com a introdução da estratégia através de exemplos. No estudo de caso, o software Mathematica é usado para instanciar os valores das variáveis e realizar a simplificação dos predicados construídos a partir desse algoritmo. Com esse trabalho, é possível gerar abstrações seguras de forma mecânica, e por conseqüência verificar o comportamento de modelos infinitos. Ademais, a geração de dados de testes automática também é beneficiada, já que com o domínio abstrato dos dados é possível percorrer todos os caminhos do sistema, gerando 100% de cobertura do modelo. Esse esforço é justificado pela importância que a fase de testes tem para a qualidade do software. Estudos prévios mostraram que essa fase demanda mais de 50% do custo de seu desenvolvimento, e uma pesquisa detalhada realizada nos Estados Unidos quantifica os altos impactos econômicos de uma infra-estrutura de software
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Hekimoglu, M. Kadri. "Video-text processing by using Motorola 68020 CPU and its environment." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26833.
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TAKAKI, Mitsuo. "Busca meta-heurística para resolução de CSP em teste de software." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1966.
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Previous issue date: 2009Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os algoritmos de busca meta-heurística vêm sendo pesquisados em inúmeros domínios, inclusive na resolução de restrições. Devido à sua capacidade de atuação em problemas que a solução é desconhecida, são utilizados em diversas situações. Os algoritmos evolutivos são uma família dos algoritmos de busca, que simulam o comportamento da natureza. Os problemas de satisfação de restrição (CSP) são compostos por um conjunto de conjunções de variáveis, caracterizando uma restrição. Valores são associados às variáveis, os quais devem satisfazer a restrição, caso contrário, são considerados inválidos. Problemas de resolução de restrição estão associados a diversos contextos, desde problemas de alocação de recursos a design de circuitos integrados. Algoritmos de busca meta-heurística vêm sendo utilizados para a solução de CSP, resolvendo o problema da limitação dos provadores de teoremas, que necessitam modelar uma teoria para serem capazes de encontrar uma solução. Neste trabalho, investigamos o uso do algoritmo de busca meta heurística em um tipo de teste de software (execução concólica) que é tratado como um problema de CSP. A execução concólica se baseia no teste simbólico, o qual extrai as decisões internas de um programa que formam uma restrição, também conhecidas como Path Condition (PC). Estas restrições são formadas a partir das variáveis de entrada, portanto, a solução de uma restrição determina as entradas necessárias para percorrer um determinado caminho no software. As técnicas clássicas utilizam provadores de teoremas, os quais são limitados a teoria suportada, e métodos de randomização, que geram valores aleatórios para as variáveis, reduzindo a complexidade da restrição. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo criar e analisar o desempenho de solucionadores baseados em algoritmos de busca meta-heurística, sendo comparados às técnicas clássicas utilizadas neste contexto. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de heurísticas de busca pode permitir a criação de novas técnicas de resolução de restrição, no contexto de teste simbólico
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Palacios-Laloy, Agustin. "Bits quantiques supraconducteurs et résonateurs : test de l'intégralité de Legget-Garg et lecture en un coup." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815078.
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Cette thèse présente un ensemble d'expériences de QED en circuit (cQED), dans lesquelles des atomes artificiels basés sur des circuits supraconducteurs sont couplés au champ électromagnétique d'un résonateur micro-ondes. Ce résonateur agit comme appareil de mesure pour l'atome, permettant d'illustrer des aspects fondamentaux de la physique quantique et de développer des briques de base pour un processeur quantique. Dans une première expérience nous suivons continuement l'évolution de l'atome tout en variant l'intensité de la mesure. Nous observons la transition du régime de mesure faible à celui de mesure forte, puis le gel de la dynamique du a l'effet Zénon quantique. Dans le régime de mesure faible nous testons si l'atome artificiel est en accord avec les hypothèses du réalisme macroscopique, à partir desquelles Leggett et Garg ont déduit une inégalité de Bell en temps. La violation de cette inégalité confirme que l'atome artificiel, bien que macroscopique, est un objet quantique. En ce qui concerne l'information quantique, nous avons enrichi l'architecture cQED en démontrant un système de lecture haute fidélité en un coup pour le qubit, un élément crucial pour un processeur quantique. Notre circuit utilise la transition dynamique d'un résonateur non-linéaire. Le système couplé formé par le qubit et le résonateur non linéaire permet en plus d'étudier l'interaction entre couplage fort et effets non linéaires -amplification paramétrique, sqeezing- ouvrant un nouveau sujet : le cQED non linéaire. Finalement, nous avons mis au point un circuit qui servirait d'intermédiaire pour que deux qubits arbitraires interagissent : un résonateur micro-ondes a fréquence accordable.
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Cantenot, Jérôme. "Stratégies de génération de tests à partir de modèles UML/OCL interprétés en logique du premier ordre et système de contraintes." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2042/document.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse proposent une méthode de génération automatique de tests à partir de modèles.Cette méthode emploie deux langages de modélisations UML4MBT et OCL4MBT qui ont été spécifiquement dérivées d’ UML et OCL pour la génération de tests. Ainsi les comportements, la structure et l’état initial du système sont décrits au travers des diagrammes de classes, d’objets et d’états-transitions.Pour générer des tests, l’évolution du modèle est représente sous la forme d’un système de transitions. Ainsi la construction de tests est équivalente à la découverte de séquences de transitions qui relient l’´état initial du système à des états validant les cibles de test.Ces séquences sont obtenues par la résolution de scénarios d’animations par des prouveurs SMT et solveurs CSP. Pour créer ces scénarios, des méta-modèles UML4MBT et CSP4MBT regroupant formules logiques et notions liées aux tests ont été établies pour chacun des outils.Afin d’optimiser les temps de générations, des stratégies ont été développé pour sélectionner et hiérarchiser les scénarios à résoudre. Ces stratégies s’appuient sur la parallélisation, les propriétés des solveurs et des prouveurs et les caractéristiques de nos encodages pour optimiser les performances. 5 stratégies emploient uniquement un prouveur et 2 stratégies reposent sur une collaboration du prouveur avec un solveur.Finalement l’intérêt de cette nouvelle méthode à été validée sur des cas d’études grâce à l’implémentation réaliséeThis thesis describes an automatic test generation process from models.This process uses two modelling languages, UML4MBT and OCL4MBT, created specificallyfor tests generation. Theses languages are derived from UML and OCL. Therefore the behaviours,the structure and the initial state of the system are described by the class diagram, the objectdiagram and the state-chart.To generate tests, the evolution of the model is encoded with a transition system. Consequently,to construct a test is to find transition sequences that rely the initial state of the system to thestates described by the test targets.The sequence are obtained by the resolution of animation scenarios. This resolution is executedby SMT provers and CSP solvers. To create the scenario, two dedicated meta-models, UML4MBTand CSP4MBT have been established. Theses meta-models associate first order logic formulas withthe test notions.7 strategies have been developed to improve the tests generation time. A strategy is responsiblefor the selection and the prioritization of the scenarios. A strategy is built upon the properties ofthe solvers and provers and the specification of our encoding process. Moreover the process canalso be paralleled to get better performance. 5 strategies employ only a prover and 2 make theprover collaborate with a solver.Finally the interest of this process has been evaluated through a list of benchmark on variouscases studies
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Temlett, Robert. "Dynamic process modelling of the HPS2 solar thermal molten salt parabolic trough test facility." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29990.
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In recent years power generation from renewable energy has grown substantially both in South Africa and around the world. This growth is set to continue as there is more pressure to reduce the burning of fossil fuels. However, renewable energy power generation suffers from unpredictability, which causes problems when it comes to managing power grids. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants offer a practical solution to store power in the form of thermal energy storage (TES). Thus, the plant can run when there is no solar energy available, leading to a more stable power supply. Unfortunately, CSP plants cost more than other renewables such as photovoltaic and wind power. Thus, there is a need for research into how to bring down the cost of CSP plants. One of the most proven types of CSP is the parabolic trough plant. The most recent innovation is to try and use molten salt as the heat transfer fluid which would reduce the cost of the plant. However, this new technology has not been implemented on a full scale CSP plant and little testing has been done to prove the technology. The HPS2 is a test facility aimed at testing the use of molten salt as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). This test facility, located in Evora Portugal, is being developed by an international consortium led by the German DLR institute of Solar Research. It is one of the first test facilities of its kind where experiments will be conducted to demonstrate the validity of using molten salt as a HTF and a storage medium in a parabolic trough CSP plant. The HPS2 test facility is not yet operational and there is a need for a dynamic thermofluid process model to better understand and predict both its steady state and transient operational behaviour. This dissertation reports on the development of such a dynamic thermofluid process model and the results obtained from it. The process model developed primarily focuses on the steam cycle with the TES incorporated into the model. The physical geometry of each of the components are employed to construct discretized elements for which the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum are applied in a one-dimensional network approach. The economizer and evaporator combined has a helical coil geometry and uses molten salt as a heat transfer fluid, which is unique. Thus, correlations had to be adjusted for the flow characteristics found in the economizer/evaporator. Results from the steady state simulations of the steam cycle show that the molten salt mass flowrate through the steam generation system will have to be reduced from the initially expected value to meet operational requirements. Results of the dynamic simulations show that the test facility will be able to produce a constant power supply despite transient solar conditions and highlights key dynamic responses for operators to be aware of.
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Baker, Julie Marie. "The Effects of Cue Diagnosticity on Accuracy of Judgments of Text Learning: Evidence Regarding the Cue Utilization Hypothesis and Momentary Accessibility." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216127791.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 10, 2009). Advisor: John Dunlosky. Keywords: metacognition; metacomprehension; metamemory for text; cue diagnosticity; relative judgment accuracy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-103).
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SOUZA, Cléclio Feitosa de. "Modelling and Integrating Formal Models: from Test Cases and Requirements Models." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2633.
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Previous issue date: 2007A especificação formal de um sistema ou seu modelo formal é uma forma abstrata de representar suas propriedades (características). Métodos formais é um ramo da Engenharia de Software com foco no desenvolvimento de sistemas tendo uma especificação formal do mesmo como ponto de partida. Inicialmente, as vantagens de usar notações abstratas antes da implementação do sistema estavam apenas relacionadas a um melhor entendimento do problema. Depois, tornou-se evidente que o uso de notações formais abstratas combinadas com técnicas de refinamentos de modelos reduzem o tempo de desenvolvimento e aumentam a qualidade do produto de sistema. A fase de testes é positivamente influenciada pelo uso de métodos formais. Pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas para melhorar a qualidade do sistema usando modelos formais e casos de teste. Uma vez verificadas as propriedades do sistema através de uma investigação dos modelos formais, é possível gerar casos de testes confiáveis do sistema que serão colocados em ação para verificar a implementação do sistema posteriormente. O campo de pesquisa que explora métodos formais aplicados com testes de software é chamada de Testes Baseados em Modelos, ou simplesmente MBT, do inglês Model-Based Testing. Porém, há situações onde não é possível possuir o modelo abstrato definido a priori. Para superar tal restrição outras técnicas surgiram para sintetizar um modelo abstrato seguindo apenas execuções do sistema. As execuções de um sistema contêm comportamentos necessários para construir um modelo abstrato desse sistema. Na literatura atual, tais técnicas usadas para construir representações abstratas seguindo execuções do sistema são chamadas de Anti-Model- Based Testing ou simplesmented Anti-MBT. Então, depois de construir um modelo abstrato, técnicas de verificação de modelos e geração de casos de teste seguindo modelos formais podem ser aplicadas normalmente. O propósito desse trabalho é dar suporte a algumas técnicas de MBT usadas no contexto da Motorola (CIn/BTC). Em tais técnicas, as especificações usadas para gerar casos de testes são geralmente incompletas, inconsistentes, e às vezes não existem. Portanto, usando casos de testes reais do sistema é possível criar novas especificações e atualizar especificações originais do sistema, e posteriormente gerar novos casos de teste usando comportamentos válidos do sistema. Um outro problema detectado em nosso contexto é a distância existente entre as representações abstratas e reais. Um caso de teste abstrato, por exemplo, é útil em técnicas formais, mas não é possível executar um caso de teste diretamente no sistema. Dessa forma, para executar (manualmente ou automaticamente) os casos de teste gerados pelas técnicas de MBT é necessário primeiro traduzi-los em uma representação real. Como resultado desse trabalho nós desenvolvemos técnicas formais de modelagem do comportamento do sistema usando casos de teste. Os resultados das técnicas de modelagem são modelos formais especificados nos formalismos de LTS ou CSP. Além disso, nós definimos uma técnica de unificação que une modelos formais gerados a partir de diferentes artefatos do sistema (requisitos e casos de teste). O resultado da técnica de unificação é um completo e unificado modelo do sistema, que contém informações providas de diferentes artefatos. Nós também definimos uma técnica para traduzir casos de teste abstratos em representações reais. Os casos de teste reais gerados por nossa técnica de tradução são usados no contexto do time de automação de testes da Motorola, onde esse trabalho está inserido. Finalmente, nós automatizamos as técnicas desenvolvidas usando linguagens de programação e especificações formais. O resultado é a ferramenta TCRev que é capaz de modelar, unificar e traduzir modelos do sistema. A ferramenta TCRev interage com o outras ferramentas externas, tais como FDR e FDR Explorer. Todos os resultados foram validados em estudos de casos reais executados no contexto da Motorola. Nessa dissertação nós apresentamos um destes estudo de casos
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Brodin, MArcus. "Leach tests on MSWI bottomash from CHP Dåva to reduceCu, Pb and Zn." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-144145.
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Lassale, Mathieu. "Génération de tests de vulnérabilité pour la structure des fichiers cap en Java Card." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8563.
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Les cartes à puce Java comportent plusieurs mécanismes de sécurité, dont le vérifieur de code intermédiaire (\emph{$ \ll $Java Card bytecode verifier$ \gg $}), qui est composé de deux parties, la vérification de structure et la vérification de type.
Ce mémoire porte sur la génération de tests de vulnérabilité pour la vérification de structure.
Il s'inspire des travaux sur la vérification de type de l'outil \textsc{VTG} (\emph{$ \ll $Vulnerability Tests Generator$ \gg $}) développé par Aymerick Savary.
Notre approche consiste à modéliser formellement la spécification de la structure des fichiers \textsf{CAP} avec le langage \textsf{Event-B}, en utilisant des contextes.
Cette modélisation permet de donner une définition formelle d'un fichier \textsf{CAP} valide.
Nous utilisons ensuite la mutation de spécification pour insérer des fautes dans cette définition dans le but de générer des fichiers \textsf{CAP} (\emph{$ \ll $Converted APplet$ \gg $}) invalides.
Nous utilisons \textsc{ProB}, un explorateur de modèles \textsf{Event-B}, pour générer des tests abstraits de fichiers CAP invalides.
La spécification formelle étant d'une taille importante qui entraîne une forte explosion combinatoire (plus de 250 constantes, 450 axiomes, 100 contextes), nous guidons \textsc{ProB} dans sa recherche de modèles en utilisant des valeurs prédéterminées pour un sous-ensemble de symboles de la spécification.
Ce mémoire propose un ensemble de patrons de spécification pour représenter les structures des fichiers CAP.
Ces patrons limitent aussi l'explosion combinatoire, tout en facilitant la tâche de spécification.
Notre spécification \textsf{Event-B} comprend toute la définition des structures des fichiers CAP et une partie des contraintes.
Des tests abstraits sont générés pour une partie du modèle, à titre illustratif.
Ces tests ont permis de mettre en lumière des imprécisions dans la spécification \textsf{Java Card}.
Ces travaux ont permis d'étendre la méthode de génération de test de vulnérabilité aux contextes \textsf{Event-B}.
De plus, le modèle proposé permet de tester, à l'aide du \textsc{VTG}, une partie plus importante de la vérification de structure du vérifieur de code intermédiaire.
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Savoie, Seth J. "A Brief Mindfulness Approach to Reducing Test Anxiety| Using an Environmental Cue to Signal Mindfulness during an Evaluative Situation." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163268.
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The current study investigated the effectiveness of using a brief mindfulness intervention for reducing test anxiety with college students, with the related goals of increasing level of mindfulness and increasing performance on a word list recall task. The effectiveness of incorporating an environmental cue, meant to act as a reminder for participants to engage in mindfulness, was also explored. Sixty-four college students were assigned to one of four groups: each group differed according to the presence or absence of the mindfulness training and environmental cue. Participants receiving mindfulness training could choose to participate in up to four 30-minute mindfulness training sessions over a two-week period. Each participant was assessed for level of test anxiety, level of mindfulness, and number of correct words recalled from a word list recall task both before and after the mindfulness training. Difference scores revealed no significant main effects or interactions related to the availability of mindfulness training or the presence of an environmental cue. However, both groups that received mindfulness training saw non-significant increases in level of mindfulness while decreases in mindfulness were seen for the groups that did not receive training. Exploratory analyses in regards to relationships found for both pre-test and post-test measures revealed significant correlations, such that as test anxiety scores decreased, mindfulness scores increased. Other interesting relationships included a positive correlation between test anxiety and the mindfulness Observing subscale, such that higher levels of test anxiety are associated with a student’s increased ability to notice their inner experiences, and a negative correlation between the test anxiety Emotionality subscale and the mindfulness Nonjudging subscale, such that decreased autonomic responses, are associated with a student’s increased ability to not judge those inner experiences. Implications for future research and limitations of the current study are discussed.
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Jonsson, Robin, and Jessica Radeschnig. "Momentum Investment Strategies with Portfolio Optimization : A Study on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm Large Cap." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24848.
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This report covers a study testing the possibility of adding portfolio optimization by mean-variance analysis as a tool to extend the concept of momentum strategies in contrast to naive allocation formed by Jegadeesh & Titman (1993). Further these active investment strategies are compared with a passive benchmark as well as a randomly selected portfolio over the entire study-period. The study showed that the naive allocation model outperformed the mean-variance model both economically as well as statistically. No indication where obtained for a lagged return effect when letting a mean-variance model choose weights for a quarterly holding period and the resulting investment recommendation is to follow a naive investment strategy within a momentum framework.
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Skála, Milan. "Prostředí pro spouštění testů kompatibility RISC-V." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386021.
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This thesis focuses on design and implementation of a testing framework for different implementation types of RISC-V architecture. It describes history, instruction set and processor modes which are supported by this architecture. Further, the current methodologies and testing frameworks implemented in Python are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of compliance tests. In the practical part, the design and implementation of a framework for execution of compliance tests for models, which can be implemented in various ways, either as an ISA simulator or a hardware model, is done. The secondary aim of the thesis is to create a graphical user interface for quick and easy test configuration. Finally, the results are evaluated and the possibilities of further development are discussed.
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Ruan, Tianqi. "Techno-Economic Analysis of an Innovative Purely Solar Driven Combined Cycle System based on Packed Bed TES Technology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264353.
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With increasing awareness of environmental issues and worldwide requirements for sustainable development, renewable energy technologies with lower environmental impact, especially those having abundant resources like wind and solar energy, attract more attention. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most promising solar energy technologies. Indeed, thermal energy storage (TES) units could be integrated into CSP plants, enhancing their flexibility and capacity factor. However, tower based CSP plants still remain cost intensive. This study evaluates the performance of a 55MWe combined-cycle CSP plant with rock-bed TES located in Sevilla, Spain. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of critical parameters. Furthermore, in order to decrease the costs with increasing efficiency, improved CSP plant schemes have been proposed. In the study, EES, SAM and TRNSYS are used to design and simulate the model from technological perspective, then the capital and operational costs are calculated in MATLAB. For one-year simulation of the designed case, the performance of the plant is determined by the trade-off among several conflicting factors. The study focuses on three key indicators to measure the performance- levelized costs of electricity (LCoE), capital expenditure (CAPEX) and efficiency factor (UF). As long as CAPEX is within the acceptable range, LCoE would be the most concerned one-as low as possible, then followed by UF. Compared to conventional CCGT plant, the proposed combined-cycle tower-based CSP plant, with efficiency of 0.49 and LCoE of 196USD/MWe, enables efficiency improvements, while both CAPEX and LCoE are higher. On the other hand, it has to be noticed that CCGT relies on fuel (natural gas) price, which means higher risks and operational expenditure (OPEX). A sensitivity study is involved varying gas turbine expansion ratio (to vary its outlet temperature and therefore supply power for the bottoming Rankine cycle), size of TES and solar multiple (SM). It can be found that same LCoE and UF could be achieved with lower CAPEX by setting appropriate parameters. The study also introduces two improved CSP plant schemes with sensitivity study. To some extent, the LCoE decreases due to increasing power output and the efficiency of the system simultaneously increases.Med ökad medvetenhet om miljöfrågor och globala krav på hållbar utveckling lockar förnybar energi teknologi med lägre miljöpåverkan, särskilt de som har stora resurser som vind och solenergi, mer uppmärksamhet. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) är en av de mest lovande solenergi teknologierna. Faktiskt kan värmeenergi lagringsenheter integreras i CSP-anläggningar, vilket förbättrar deras flexibilitet och kapacitetsfaktor. Träbaserade CSP-anläggningar är dock fortfarande kostnads intensiva. Denna studie utvärderar prestandan för en 55MWe CSP-anläggning med kombinerad cykel med TESsandbädd i Sevilla, Spanien. Känslighetsanalys har utförts för att bedöma påverkan av kritiska parametrar. För att minska kostnaderna med ökad effektivitet har dessutom förbättrade CSP-anläggningsprogram föreslagits. I studien används EES, SAM och TRNSYS för att designa och simulera modellen ur teknologiskt perspektiv, sedan beräknas kapital och driftskostnader i MATLAB. För ett års simulering av det planerade fallet bestäms anläggningens prestanda av bytet mellan flera motstridiga faktorer. Studien fokuserar på tre nyckelindikatorer för att mäta prestandanivå kostnaderna för el (LCoE), investeringar (CAPEX) och effektivitetsfaktor (UF). Så länge CAPEX ligger inom det acceptabla intervallet, skulle LCoE vara den mest bekymrade en så låg som möjligt, följt av UF. Jämfört med konventionell CCGT-anläggning möjliggör den föreslagna träbaserade CSP-anläggningen med kombinerad cykel med effektivitet 0,49 och LCoE på 196USD / MWe effektivitetsförbättringar, medan både CAPEX och LCoE är högre. Å andra sidan måste man notera att CCGT förlitar sig på bränslepriset (naturgas), vilket innebär högre risker och driftsutgifter (OPEX). En känslighetsstudie är involverad med varierande utvidgning förhållande för gasturbin (för att variera dess utloppstemperatur och därmed leverera ström för botten Rankine-cykeln), storlek på TES och sol multipel (SM). Det kan konstateras att samma LCoE och UF skulle kunna uppnås med lägre CAPEX genom att ställa in lämpliga parametrar. Studien introducerar också två förbättrade CSP-anläggningar med känslighetsstudie. I viss utsträckning minskar LCoE på grund av ökad effekt och systemets effektivitet ökar samtidigt.
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Moning, Renate. "Analysis of test beam data of ECPT and two end cap calorimeter modules of UA2' and its comparison with GEANT and GHEISHA simulations /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ruiz-Cabañas, F. Javier. "Corrosion evaluation of molten salts thermal energy storage (TES) systems in concentrated solar power plants (CSP)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671680.
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El protagonisme creixent de la tecnologia solar termoelèctrica entre el ventall de les energies renovables es centra en la seva capacitat d’adaptar la seva producció a la demanda energètica exigida. La gestionabilitat d’aquest tipus de centrals s’ha aconseguit amb la integració de sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic en les mateixes. La major part dels sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic, ja sigui els que s’utilitzen a nivell comercial com aquells que es troben en fase de desenvolupament proposen l’ús de sals inorgàniques foses com a medi d’emmagatzematge. Aquestes sals presenten l’inconvenient de la seva alta corrosivitat a altes temperatures.
Per un costat, s’han analitzat els fenòmens de corrosió associats a les sals solars utilitzades a la planta pilot TES-PS10 mitjançant la instal·lació de racks de testimonis de corrosió als tancs de sals. A més, al finalitzar l’operació de la instal·lació pilot s’ha dut a terme un estudi post-mortem dels seus. Finalment, amb l’objectiu d’abaratir el cost de l’inventari de sals, s’ha analitzat a nivell de laboratori la corrosivitat de diferents mescles de nitrats de baixa puresa. El segon bloc de la tesi es centra en els sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic en calor latent. Concretament, s’analitza la corrosió associada a la mescla peritèctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH proposta com a material de canvi de fase en un mòdul d’evaporació d’instal·lacions termoelèctriques de generació directa de vapor. D’aquesta forma, s’han dut a terme una sèrie d’assajos a nivell de laboratori amb l’objectiu d’avaluar el comportament envers la corrosió de diferents materials en contacte amb aquests hidròxids.El creciente protagonismo de la tecnología solar se centra en su capacidad para adaptar su producción a la demanda energética exigida. La gestionabilidad de este tipo de centrales se ha conseguido mediante la integración de sistemas de almacenamiento térmico en sales fundidas. El uso de sales fundidas en sistemas de almacenamiento térmico presenta el hándicap de su corrosividad a alta temperatura. El primer bloque de la Tesis analiza los fenómenos de corrosión asociados a las sales solares en la planta piloto TES-PS10 mediante la instalación de racks de corrosión en los tanques de sales. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio post-mortem de componentes de la instalación. Finalmente, se ha analizado a nivel de laboratorio la corrosividad de distintas mezclas de nitrato de baja pureza. El segundo bloque de la tesis se centra en los sistemas de almacenamiento en calor latente. En concreto, se analiza la corrosión asociada a la mezcla peritéctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH propuesta como material de cambio de fase en el módulo de evaporación en plantas de generación directa de vapor. De este modo, se han llevado a cabo ensayos de corrosión a nivel de laboratorio para evaluar el comportamiento a corrosión de distintos materiales en contacto con los hidróxidos.
The growing of concentrated solar power (CSP) within the different renewable energies is due to its ability to adapt the production to the required energy demand. The dispatchability of this type of plants has been achieved through the integration of molten salts thermal storage systems (TES). Molten salts have a handicap associated to their corrosiveness at high temperature. First block of this Thesis analyzes the corrosion phenomena associated with solar salts used in TES-PS10 pilot plant by installing corrosion racks in the salt tanks. Moreover, a postmortem study of different components was performed after facility shut down. Finally, in order to reduce the cost of the salt inventory in TES systems, the corrosivity of different low purity nitrates mixtures has been analyzed at laboratory scale. The second block of the Thesis focuses on latent heat storage systems. Specifically, it has been analyzed the corrosion associated with the proposed 46% LiOH-54% KOH peritectic mixture as a phase change material in the evaporation module of direct steam generation (DSG) CSP plants. Thus, corrosion tests have been performed at laboratory level to evaluate the corrosion performance of several materials in contact with such hydroxides.
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Adasme, Corvalán Claudio Orlando. "Simulação de um sistema de armazenamento térmico TES para aplicação em usinas solares do tipo CSP." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31091.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2017.Submitted by Gabriela Lima (gabrieladaduch@gmail.com) on 2017-11-30T12:57:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_ClaudioOrlandoAdasmeCorvalán.pdf: 10557546 bytes, checksum: 3f29a947e2c52e16174540dc13d600c1 (MD5)
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo numérico de um sistema de armazenamento de energia térmica (TES), consistiu num meio do tipo poroso que armazena energia em forma de calor sensível. O modelo proposto considera um sistema de duas equações diferenciais, que definem o balanço de energia das duas fases envolvidas, o fluido de transferência e o sólido poroso. Estas duas equações estão inter-relacionadas pela transferência de calor por convecção. Para definir alguns parâmetros do modelo matemático, foram realizadas simulações 3D numéricas por médio de um software da dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD). As simulações estacionárias consideraram variados comprimentos do meio poroso, como resultado, uma correlação empírica entre os números de Nusselt, Reynolds e Prandtl foi proposta. Os resultados do modelo e das simulações mostraram uma boa concordância, tanto na temperatura de saída do fluido, como na energia térmica armazenada no sólido. Em seguida, usando o modelo proposto, foram estudados os ciclos de carga e descarga do sistema para avaliar a sua evolução termodinâmica. Depois de alguns ciclos, o sistema de armazenamento chegou a um estabilidade térmica, mantendo estável os perfis de temperatura das fases no fim de cada processo de carga e descarga térmica. As curvas de eficiências em função dos parâmetros do comprimento e fluxo foram também elaboradas. Os resultados das analises anteriores estiveram dentro do esperado para este tipo de sistema, mostrando assim que o modelo proposto pode ser uma ferramenta útil e rápida para a analise operacional de este tipo de sistemas.
This work presents the results of a numerical modelling of a thermal energy storage system (TES). The storage media was defined as a solid honeycomb porous media for the storage of sensible heat. An air-solid two equation lumped model to the porous medium was formulated and solved numerically. In order to obtain the convective heat transfer coefficient, several 3D simulations in CFD software were performed considering different lengths for the storage medium. As result, an empirical Nusselt Reynolds correlation was proposed, this correlation, in conjunction with the proposed model, was validated with simulations performed in transient and steady state, showing a good agreement. Hence, using the model proposed, charge and discharge cycles were performed to evaluate the total energy storage and the outlet fluid temperature. Cycle stability was reached after several continuous cycles and efficiency curves as a function of length and mass flux were elaborated. These continuous operation results were in line with other works reported, proving that the proposed model can be a useful tool that it’s capable to perform complete operational cycles with a relative faster simulation time.
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Valentine, Todd J. "Dynamic Testing of a Full-Scale Pile Cap with Dense Silty Sand Backfill." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2021.pdf.
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Griveaud, Clémentine. "Influence des conditions écologiques sur la composition isotopique (δ13C, δ18O) du test de foraminifères benthiques actuels." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345812.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier l'influence des conditions trophiques en milieu océanique profond sur la composition isotopique de foraminifères benthiques vivants, afin d'améliorer leur utilisation en tant que proxies potentiels de paléoproductivité. Nous avons étudié trois zones de l'Atlantique Nord-Est : la Marge du Portugal (milieu oligotrophe), le Golfe de Gascogne (milieu méso-oligotrophe), et la zone à upwelling au large de Cap Blanc (Mauritanie, milieu eutrophe). Nous avons établi le rôle majeur du flux et de la qualité de la matière organique sur la densité, la répartition bathymétrique et le microhabitat des espèces de foraminifères. Les faunes superficielles réagissent aux apports de matière organique labile, alors que les faunes endopéliques profondes dépendent de matière organique plus réfractaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'un seuil critique de flux total de matière organique d'environ 2gC/m²/an en dessous duquel le développement de l'endofaune est impossible. L'étude de la composition isotopique de certaines espèces clés a révélé que l'écart en δ13C entre une espèce au microhabitat endopélique superficiel (e.g. Uvigerina peregrina) et une espèce au microhabitat endopélique profond (e.g. Globulimina spp.) permet de différencier un milieu eutrophe (δ13C<0.5%) d'un milieu oligotrophe (δ13C>0.5%). De plus, dans les zones oligotrophes, nous avons observé une diminution graduelle de ce delta δ13C en fonction du flux croissant de matière organique, témoignant de l'influence directe de ce dernier sur la composition des eaux interstitielles du sédiment.
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Menani, Luiz Ricardo. "Avaliação comparativa da influência do tratamento superficial e do agente cimentante na retenção de núcleos metálicos fundidos em titânio c.p." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-28082006-155141/.
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O uso de núcleos metálicos fundidos é comum na Odontologia Restauradora para promover a substituição de estruturas perdidas em dentes tratados endodonticamente. Estes núcleos podem ser fundidos em ligas nobres ou ligas básicas: as ligas alternativas apresentam vantagens mas são susceptíveis à corrosão. O titânio foi introduzido na Odontologia com o objetivo de compensar as deficiências dos metais básicos, principalmente a corrosão e seus produtos. Então, a proposta deste estudo foi comparar a resistência à tração de núcleos metálicos fundidos confeccionados em liga de ouro tipo III, titânio e titânio tratado superficialmente com solução de Kroll quando fixados com diferentes agentes cimentantes. Quarenta e dois caninos humanos extraídos foram selecionados, a porção coronária foi removida e a raiz remanescente foi tratada endodonticamente. Todos os espécimes foram divididos em seis grupos (n=7). O espaço para pino foi preparado a uma profundidade de 10mm usando-se brocas de Largo. Os núcleos foram fundidos em liga de ouro tipo III e titânio c.p. e fixados com cimento de fosfato de zinco ou cimento resinoso (Panavia F). A resistência à tração foi determinada em uma máquina universal de ensaios a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min utilizando-se uma célula de carga de 50 Kgf. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA, demonstrando que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Dentro das limitações deste estudo pode-se concluir que os núcleos metálicos fundidos em titânio c.p. fixados com cimento fosfato de zinco ou cimento resinoso são uma alternativa viável aos núcleos metálicos fundidos em ouro.The use of cast post and core is common in restorative dentistry to provide long-term tooth structure replacement for endodontically treated teeth. They could be cast in precious or basic alloys: the alternative alloys present advantages but they are susceptible to corrosion and its effects. The titanium was introduced to Dentistry with the objective of compensating the metal basic deficiencies, mainly the corrosion. Then, the purpose of this study was to compare the tensile resistance among gold alloy, titanium, and titanium after a superficial treatment with Krolls solution when fixed with different luting agents. Forty two human extracted canines were selected, the coronal aspect of each tooth was removed and the remaining root received endodontic therapy. All specimen were divided into six groups (n=7). The post space was prepared at a depth of 10mm using a Largos drill. The cast post and core were manufactured using a type III gold alloy and titanium. Cast post and core were fixed with zinc phosphate or resin luting agent (Panavia F). Tensile bond strength of the specimens was measured with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0,5mm/min and cell-load of 50 Kgf. Data (Kgf) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. The results demonstrated that there was not a significant difference among the groups. Within the limitations of this study it has been conclude that the titanium fixed with zinc phosphate or resin luting agent is a viable alternative to the gold alloy to fabricate cast post and cores.
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Smith, Kyle Mark. "Passive Force on Skewed Bridge Abutments with Reinforced Concrete Wingwalls Based on Large-Scale Tests." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5577.
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Skewed bridges have exhibited poorer performance during lateral earthquake loading when compared to non-skewed bridges (Apirakvorapinit et al. 2012; Elnashai et al. 2010). Results from small-scale laboratory tests by Rollins and Jessee (2012) and numerical modeling by Shamsabadi et al. (2006) suggest that skewed bridge abutments may provide only 35% of the non-skewed peak passive resistance when a bridge is skewed 45°. This reduction in peak passive force is of particular importance as 40% of the 600,000 bridges in the United States are skewed (Nichols 2012). Passive force-deflection results based on large-scale testing for this study largely confirm the significant reduction in peak passive resistance for abutments with longitudinal reinforced concrete wingwalls. Large-scale lateral load tests were performed on a non-skewed and 45° skewed abutment with densely compacted sand backfill. The 45° skewed abutment experienced a 54% reduction in peak passive resistance compared to the non-skewed abutment. The peak passive force for the 45° skewed abutment was estimated to occur at 5.0% of the backwall height compared to 2.2% of the backwall height for the non-skewed abutment. The 45° skewed abutment displayed evidence of rotation, primarily pushing the obtuse side of the abutment into the backfill, significantly more than the non-skewed abutment as it was loaded into the backfill. The structural and geotechnical response of the wingwalls was also monitored during large-scale testing. The wingwall on the obtuse side of the 45° skewed abutment experienced nearly 6 times the amount of horizontal soil pressure and 7 times the amount of bending moment compared to the non-skewed abutment. Pressure and bending moment distributions are provided along the height of the wingwall and indicate that the maximum moment occurs approximately 20 in (50.8 cm) below the top of the wingwall. A comparison of passive force per unit width suggests that MSE wall abutments provide 60% more passive resistance per unit width compared to reinforced concrete wingwall and unconfined abutment geometries at zero skew. These findings suggest that changes should be made to current codes and practices to properly account for skew angle in bridge design.
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Smith, Jaycee Cornwall. "Evaluation of Passive Force Behavior for Bridge Abutments Using Large-Scale Tests with Various Backfill Geometries." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4107.
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Bridge abutments are designed to withstand lateral pressures from thermal expansion and seismic forces. Current design curves have been seen to dangerously over- and under-estimate the peak passive resistance and corresponding deflection of abutment backfills. Similar studies on passive pressure have shown that passive resistance changes with different types of constructed backfills. The effects of changing the length to width ratio, or including MSE wingwalls determine passive force-deflection relationships. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the wall heights and of the MSE support on passive pressure and backfill failure, and to compare the field results with various predictive methods. To compare the effects of backfill geometries, three large-scale tests with dense compact sand were performed with abutment backfill heights of 3 ft (0.91 m), 5.5 ft (1.68 m), and 5.5 ft (1.68 m) confined with MSE wingwalls. Using an existing pile cap 11 ft (3.35 m) wide and 5.5 ft (1.68 m) high, width to height ratios for the abutment backfills were 3.7 for the 3ft test, and 2.0 for the 5.5ft and MSE tests. The failure surface for the unconfined backfills exhibited a 3D geometry with failure surfaces extending beyond the edge of the cap, increasing the "effective width", and producing a failure "bulb". In contrast, the constraint provided by the MSE wingwalls produced a more 2D failure geometry. The "effective width" of the failure surface increased as the width to height ratio decreased. In terms of total passive force, the unconfined 5.5ft wall provided about 6% more resistance than the 5.5ft MSE wall. However, in terms of passive force/width the MSE wall provided about 70% more resistance than the unconfined wall, which is more consistent with a plane strain, or 2D, failure geometry. In comparison with predicted forces, the MSE curve never seemed to fit, while the 3ft and 5.5ft curves were better represented with different methods. Even with optimizing between both the unconfined curves, the predicted Log Spiral peak passive forces were most accurate, within 12% of the measured peak resistances. The components of passive force between the unconfined tests suggest the passive force is influenced more by frictional resistance and less by the cohesion as the height of the backwall increases.
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Ciguene, Richardson. "Génération automatique de sujets d'évaluation individuels en contexte universitaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0046.
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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à l'évaluation des apprentissages et notamment à la génération automatique de sujets d'évaluations dans les universités. Nous nous appuyons sur une base de questions sources pour créer les questions des sujets grâce à des algorithmes qui sont en mesure de construire des tests d'évaluation différenciés. Ces recherches ont permis d'élaborer une métrique qui mesure cette différenciation et de proposer des algorithmes visant à maximiser la différenciation totale sur des collections de tests, tout en minimisant le nombre de patterns nécessaires. Les performances en moyenne de ces derniers dépendent du nombre de patterns disponibles dans la base source (en regard du nombre d'items souhaités dans les tests), et de la taille des collections générées. On s'est focalisé sur la différenciation possible dans de très petites collections de sujets, et propose des pistes méthodologiques pour optimiser la distribution de ces sujets différenciés à des cohortes d'étudiants en respectant les contraintes de l'enseignant. La suite de ce travail sera éventuellement de prendre en compte le niveau de difficulté d'un Test comme nouvelle contrainte, en s'appuyant en partie sur les données statistiques et sémantiques récoltées après chaque Épreuve. Le but est de pouvoir maximiser la différenciation en gardant l'équité entre les Tests d'une Collection, pour une distribution optimisée lors des ÉpreuvesThis PhD work focuses on the evaluation of learning and especially the automatic generation of evaluation topics in universities. We rely on a base of source questions to create topic questions through algorithms that are able to construct differentiated assessment tests. This research has made it possible to develop a metric that measures this differentiation and to propose algorithms aimed at maximizing total differentiation on test collections, while minimizing the number of necessary patterns. The average performance of the latter depends on the number of patterns available in the source database (compared to the number of items desired in the tests), and the size of the generated collections. We focused on the possible differentiation in very small collections of subjects, and proposes methodological tracks to optimize the distribution of these differentiated subjects to cohorts of students respecting the constraints of the teacher. The rest of this work will eventually take into account the level of difficulty of a test as a new constraint, relying in part on the statistical and semantic data collected after each test. The goal is to be able to maximize the differentiation by keeping the equity between the Tests of a Collection, for an optimized distribution during the Events
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Sultan, Almaghthawi. "Umple C++ Code Generator." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26133.
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We discuss the design and analysis of a code generator for C++, implemented in the Umple model-oriented programming technology. Umple adds UML constructs and patterns to various base programming languages such as Java and PhP. Umple code generators create code for those constructs, which can include UML associations and state machines, as well as patterns such as immutable and singleton. Base language methods are passed through unchanged along with the generated code. Creating a C++ code generator for Umple posed many challenges, all of which are discussed in this thesis: We had to focus on the appropriate C++ idioms and stylistic conventions to follow. We followed a test-driven development process to ensure that the resulting code was correct. To evaluate the work, we compared our C++ generator with those in other tools such as ArgoUML and IBM Rational Software Architect. We conclude that our C++ generator is superior in many ways to these widely used tools because it is more complete and generates better quality code.
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Ladeira, Andrea. "Investigaçăo sobre o impacto da estimulaçăo transcraniana por corrente contínua em tarefa de resoluçăo temporal por meio da prova RGDT - Random Gap Detection Test." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1712.
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The Central Auditory Processing Disorders are the deficiency of one or more hearing processes and mechanisms or the deficiency of major dysfunctions. Considering that new therapeutic and/or diagnostic approaches should be investigated, recent studies have shown that non invasive cerebral stimulation tools are efficient in the modulation of brain activity in a safe and painless way. One of these techniques is the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCs). TDCs studies have shown that this technique is able to modulate cortical excitability on visual and motor areas and it is also capable to interfere in task performance involving cognitive functions on pre-frontal cortex such as operational memory and decision making. The aim of this study was the investigation of the possible effects of TDCs on primary auditory cortex, on temporal resolution tasks, using RGDT (Random Gap Detection Test). Eleven healthy volunteers received anodal, cathodal bilateral or sham ETCC in alternate days (i=2mA) and RGDT test was carried out before and during stimulation. It has been observed a significant effect for the frequencies of 4000Hz, Averages of Frequencies and Clicks, with an increase in the capacity of temporal discrimination in anodal stimulation and reduction in cathodal stimulation conditions. This is the first study showing that the ETCC of low intensity is capable of modulating the activity of primary auditory cortex resulting in positive or negative impact in the performance in task of temporal resolution according to the applied polarity (anodal or cathodal, respectively). Not only is the impact of these results in the demonstration of the TDCs as an important tool of investigation in cognitive neuroscience, but also in its use as an intervention tool. New studies will be necessary to investigate the impact of the TDCs in patients with alterations of the central auditory processing.
Os transtornos do Processamento Auditivo Central são caracterizados pela deficiência de um ou mais processos e mecanismos da audição ou são deficiências originadas de disfunções maiores. Considerando que novas abordagens terapêuticas e/ou diagnósticas devem ser investigadas, estudos recentes têm demonstrado que ferramentas de estimulação cerebral não invasivas são eficazes em modular a atividade cerebral de forma indolor e segura. Uma dessas técnicas é a Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua (ETCC). Estudos realizados com ETCC têm demonstrado que esta técnica modula a excitabilidade cortical de áreas motoras e visuais e, além disso, é capaz de interferir no desempenho de tarefas que envolvam funções cognitivas como memória operacional e tomada de decisão quando aplicada em córtex pré-frontal. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os possíveis efeitos da ETCC em área cortical auditiva primária, em avaliação de tarefas de resolução temporal auditiva, utilizando o teste Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). 11(onze) voluntários saudáveis receberam em dias alternados ETCC bilateral anódica, catódica ou placebo (i=2mA) e realizaram o teste RGDT antes e durante a estimulação. Observou-se um efeito significativo para as freqüências de 4000Hz, Médias de Freqüências e Clicks, com aumento na capacidade de discriminação temporal em condição de estimulação anódica e redução em estimulação catódica. Este é o primeiro estudo mostrando que a ETCC de baixa intensidade é capaz de modular a atividade do córtex auditivo primário resultando em impacto positivo ou negativo no desempenho em tarefa de resolução temporal em função da polaridade aplicada (ânodo ou cátodo, respectivamente). O impacto desses resultados reside na demonstração de que a ETCC é uma importante ferramenta de investigação em neurociência cognitiva, mas que também pode ter desdobramentos como ferramenta de intervenção. Novos estudos serão necessários para investigar o impacto da ETCC em pacientes com alterações de processamento auditivo central.
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Franke, Bryan William. "Passive Force on Skewed Abutments with Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Wingwalls Based on Large-Scale Tests." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3909.
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Passive force-deflection behavior for densely compacted backfills must be considered in bridge design to ensure adequate resistance to both seismic and thermally induced forces. Current codes and practices do not distinguish between skewed and non-skewed bridge abutment geometries; however, in recent years, numerical models and small-scale, plane-strain laboratory tests have suggested a significant reduction in passive force for skewed bridge abutments. Also, various case studies have suggested higher soil stresses might be experienced on the acute side of the skew angle. For these reasons, three large-scale tests were performed with abutment skew angles of 0, 15 and 30 degrees using an existing pile cap [11-ft (3.35-m) wide by 15-ft (4.57-m) long by 5.5-ft (1.68-m) high] and densely compacted sand backfill confined by MSE wingwalls. These tests showed a significant reduction in passive force (approximately 38% as a result of the 15 degree skew angle and 51% as a result of the 30° skew angle. The maximum passive force was achieved at a deflection of approximately 5% of the backwall height; however, a substantial loss in the rate of strength gain was observed at a deflection of approximately 3% of the backwall height for the 15° and 30° skew tests. Additionally, the soil stiffness appears to be largely unaffected by skew angle for small displacements. These results correlate very well with data available from numerical modeling and small-scale lab tests. Maximum vertical backfill displacement and maximum soil pressure measured normal to the skewed backwall face were located on the acute side of the skew for the 15° and 30° skew test. This observation appears to be consistent with observations made in various case studies for skewed bridge abutments. Also, the maximum outward displacement of the MSE wingwalls was located on the obtuse side of the skew. These findings suggest that changes should be made to current codes and practices to properly account for skew angle in bridge design.
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Lindin, Soriano Carles. "Cap a una filologia digital en educació. Anàlisi descriptiva de l'ús de la tecnologia per a l'adquisició de competències, en el cas de llibres de text digitals de llengua i literatura catalana d'ESO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672011.
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Analitzem llibres de text digitals de llengua i literatura catalana d’ESO per descriure quin ús s’hi fa de la tecnologia per assolir les competències curriculars (lingüístiques, literàries i digitals) i no curriculars (filològiques digitals i literacitat digital).
Identifiquem, d’una banda, les competències filològiques digitals com a estratègia per adequar l’ensenyament i l’aprenentatge de llengua i literatura a la realitat digital de la disciplina. I la literacitat digital, de l’altra, com a via per incorporar de forma transversal la competència digital.
Exposem els diversos conceptes que ajuden a entendre amb major profunditat la recerca desenvolupada: què és el llibre de text digital, la relació amb el llibre de text, l’ús pedagògic de tots dos i les estratègies d’avaluació dels materials. Delimitem quines són les competències lingüístiques, literàries i digitals del currículum; establim què és la filologia digital i la literacitat digital, i apuntem relacions entre les competències curriculars i les no curriculars.
Desenvolupem una recerca mixta en què emprem dues tècniques diferenciades: l’anàlisi de contingut per a l’obtenció de dades i l’estadística descriptiva per al tractament de les dades.
Posem en relació l’anàlisi de contingut amb tres conceptes vinculats amb la lingüística: d’una banda el model comunicatiu de Jakobson (1960), per caracteritzar el llibre de text digital com un entorn de comunicació; d’una altra, la definició de signe lingüístic de Saussure (1916), que l’entén com un binomi entre significat i significant, en què el context modifica el significat, i, finalment, la teoria dels actes de parla d’Austin (1962), en què distingeix entre actes de parla locutius (dir alguna cosa), il·locutius (la intenció) i perlocutius (l’efecte).
D’aquesta manera desenvolupem un instrument d’anàlisi que possibilita prendre dades per analitzar si es treballen les competències al·ludides, en tant que potencialitat de l’entorn comunicatiu del llibre de text digital (significat comunicatiu latent, entre il·locutiu i perlocutiu), alhora que permet conèixer com és el significant (la forma que adopta i l’ús que se’n fa) i determinar-ne el context (localització dins del llibre de text digital i la distribució en la pantalla), per oferir més informació descriptiva que pugui aportar dades sobre com, quan i on apareixen els usos de tecnologia per a l’adquisició de competències.
Apliquem l’instrument d’anàlisi a una mostra opinàtica de 12 llibres de text digitals (que corresponen als quatre cursos d’ESO de tres editorials). Per cadascun dels 4.807 usos de tecnologia identificats, n’analitzem 48 variables.
Entre els resultats, destaca, pel que fa als àmbits competencials, que el de major presència és el lingüístic, mentre que el literari, el digital, el filològic digital i la literacitat digital té una presència menor. Així mateix, en tots els àmbits competencials la presència es focalitza en algunes competències mentre que en altres el treball és inferior o residual.
En relació amb el significant i el context, el comportament és fonamentalment homogeni. Els usos de tecnologia es concentren en activitats (principalment autocorrectives), en continguts interns, incorporats dins dels llibres de text digitals, en espais principals; sobretot es tracta d’interactius, en què es treballa de forma individual, l’alumnat assumeix el paper de consumidor i no s’usen de forma social.
Com a conclusió general, els usos de la tecnologia són de baixa intensitat. Per tant, no es desenvolupen les potencialitats de treballar amb un material digital, que continua estretament lligat a la conceptualització del llibre de text.We analyse digital textbooks of the Catalan language and literature for ESO to describe how technology is used to achieve curricular competencies (linguistic, literary and digital) and non-curricular (digital philological and digital literacy) competencies. On the one hand, we identify digital philological competencies as a strategy to adapt the teaching and learning of language and literature to the digital reality of the discipline. And digital literacy, on the other, as a way to incorporate digital competence transversally. We develop a mixed-type research in which we use two differentiated techniques: the content analysis for data collection and descriptive statistics for the processing of data. In this way, we develop an analysis tool that enables us to obtain data in order to analyse if the already mentioned competencies are being worked on, both for the potential of the communicative environment of the digital textbook (latent communicative meaning), and at the same time, permitting us to know what the signifier is like (the form it takes and the use made) and determine the context (location within the digital textbook and the distribution on the screen), thus offering us more descriptive information that can provide data on how, when and where the uses of technology appear in the acquisition of competencies. We apply the analysis tool to a purposive sampling of 12 digital textbooks (corresponding to the four ESO courses of three publishers). For each of the 4,807 uses of technology identified, we analysed 48 variables. Among the results, it stands out that, in terms of competence, the one with the greatest presence is linguistic, while literary, digital, digital philological and digital literacy have a lesser presence. Likewise, in all areas of competence the presence focuses on some competencies while in others the work is inferior or residual. In relation to the signifier and the context, the behaviour is fundamentally homogeneous. The uses of technology are concentrated in activities (mainly self-correcting), in internal contents, incorporated into digital textbooks, in main spaces; above all, these are interactive, in which one works individually and students take on the role of consumers and are not used in a social way. As a general conclusion, the uses of technology are of low intensity. Therefore, the potentialities of working with digital material are not developed, which is still closely linked to the conceptualisation of the textbook.
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Keemer, Frances. "Breastfeeding self-efficacy and alternative techniques to overcome maternal or infant breastfeeding challenges : a retrospective descriptive study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47144/1/Frances_Keemer_Thesis.pdf.
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Background: Breastfeeding is the internationally accepted ideal in infant feeding. Ensuring mothers and babies receive optimal benefits, in both the short and long term, is dependent upon the successful establishment of breastfeeding in the first week. Many maternal and infant challenges can occur during the establishment of breastfeeding (Lactogenesis II). There are also many methods and devices (alternative techniques) which can be used to help, but the majority do not have an evidence-base. The mother.s self-confidence (self-efficacy) can be challenged by these unexpected circumstances, but understanding of the relationship is unclear. Method: This descriptive study used mail survey (including the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale . Short Form) to obtain the mother.s reports of their self-efficacy and their breastfeeding experience during the first week following birth, as well as actual use of alternative techniques. This study included all mothers of full term healthy singleton infants from one private hospital in Brisbane who began any breastfeeding. The data collection took place from November 2008 to February 2009. Ethical approval was granted from the research site and QUT Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 128 questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 56.9%. The sample was dissimilar to the Queensland population with regard to age, income, and education level, all of which were higher in this study. The sample was similar to the Queensland population in terms of parity and marital status. The rate of use of alternative techniques was 48.3%. The mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score of those who used any alternative technique was 43.43 (SD=12.19), and for those who did not, it was 58.32 (SD=7.40). Kruskal-Wallis analysis identified that the median self efficacy score for those who used alternative techniques was significantly lower than median self efficacy scores for those who did not use alternative techniques. The reasons women used alternative techniques varied widely, and their knowledge of alternative techniques was good. Conclusion: This study is the first to document breastfeeding self-efficacy of women who used alternative techniques to support their breastfeeding goals in the first week postpartum. An individualised clinical intervention to develop women.s self-efficacy with breastfeeding is important to assist mother/infant dyads encountering challenges to breastfeeding in the first week postpartum.
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Neumark, Thomas. "Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care with special emphasis on Acute Otitis Media." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54832.
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Background and aims: Most respiratory tract infections (RTI) are self-limiting. Despite this, they are associated with high antibiotic prescription rates in general practice in Sweden. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the management of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) with particular emphasis on acute otitis media (AOM). Methods: Paper I: A prospective, open, randomized study of 179 children presenting with AOM and performed in primary care. Paper II & III: Study of 6 years data from primary care in Kalmar County on visits for RTI, retrieved from electronic patient records. Paper IV: Observational, clinical study of 71 children presenting with AOM complicated by perforation, without initial use of antibiotics. Results: Children with AOM who received PcV had some less pain, used fewer analgesics and consulted less, but the PcV treatment did not affect the recovery time or complication rate (I). Between 1999 and 2005, 240 445 visits for RTI were analyzed (II & III). Antibiotics were prescribed in 45% of visits, mostly PcV (60%) and doxycycline (18%). Visiting rates for AOM and tonsillitis declined by >10%/year, but prescription rates of antibiotics remained unchanged. For sore throat, 65% received antibiotics. Patients tested but without presence of S.pyogenes received antibiotics in 40% of cases. CRP was analyzed in 36% of consultations for RTI. At CRP<50mg/l antibiotics, mostly doxycycline, were prescribed in 54% of visits for bronchitis. Roughly 50% of patients not tested received antibiotics over the years.Twelve of 71 children with AOM and spontaneous perforation completing the trial received antibiotics during the first nine days due to lack of improvement, one child after 16 days due to recurrent AOM and six had new incidents of AOM after 30 days (IV). Antibiotics were used more frequently when the eardrum appeared pulsating and secretion was purulent and abundant. All patients with presence of S.pyogenes received antibiotics. Results: Children with AOM who received PcV had some less pain, used fewer analgesics and consulted less, but the PcV treatment did not affect the recovery time or complication rate (I). Between 1999 and 2005, 240 445 visits for RTI were analyzed (II & III). Antibiotics were prescribed in 45% of visits, mostly PcV (60%) and doxycycline (18%). Visiting rates for AOM and tonsillitis declined by >10%/year, but prescription rates of antibiotics remained unchanged. For sore throat, 65% received antibiotics. Patients tested but without presence of S.pyogenes received antibiotics in 40% of cases. CRP was analyzed in 36% of consultations for RTI. At CRP<50mg/l antibiotics, mostly doxycycline, were prescribed in 54% of visits for bronchitis. Roughly 50% of patients not tested received antibiotics over the years.Twelve of 71 children with AOM and spontaneous perforation completing the trial received antibiotics during the first nine days due to lack of improvement, one child after 16 days due to recurrent AOM and six had new incidents of AOM after 30 days (IV). Antibiotics were used more frequently when the eardrum appeared pulsating and secretion was purulent and abundant. All patients with presence of S.pyogenes received antibiotics.
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Dahlin, Marcus, and Winston Spångberg. "Corporate Social Responsibility : i finanskrisens farvatten." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21252.
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Bakgrund och problem: Finanskrisen hemsökte företag, och påverkade även företags CSR-kommunikationer världen över. Studien har etablerat att det finns alternativa utgångar för företag som kommunicerade ut CSR under finanskrisen. Den ena stigen skildrar CSR-kommunikation i dystert manér, på så sätt att åtagandet bortprioriterades under finanskrisen, medan en annan stig skildrar att CSR-kommunikation användes som ett sätt att dra ekonomiska fördelar. Det kan därmed poneras att finanskrisen har påverkat svenska företags CSR-kommunikationer. En ytterligare annan stig skildrar dock att finanskrisen inte påverkade företags CSR-kommunikationer. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om och hur och varför eller varför inte finanskrisen har påverkat CSR-kommunikationer i Sverige, genom att fokusera på indikatorer för CSR och ställa frågor till företagsansvariga. Metod: Studien utgår från en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod, därvid data samlades in genom datoriserad innehållsanalys och webbenkäter. Ett populationsurval med 126 företag verkandes i Stockholmsbörsens Large Cap och Mid Cap studerades. Hypoteser skapades utifrån etablerade teorier, med avsikt att besvara studiens ställda syfte. Slutsatser: Svenska företags CSR-kommunikationer förhöll sig desamma, alternativt ökade smått under finanskrisen. Däremot påverkades inte svenska företags CSR-kommunikationer signifikant av finanskrisen. Webbenkäterna svarade särskilt på varför inte finanskrisen påverkade CSR-kommunikationer i Sverige. Svaren visade tendenser på att svenska företag erfor att det inte fanns affärsmöjligheter att inhämta under finanskrisen. Svenska företag visade dessutom tendenser på att ha CSR-kommunikation som en långsiktig strategisk fråga. Detta kan förklara varför svenska företags CSR-kommunikationer inte bortprioriterades under finanskrisen.
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Naicker, Selvaraj Soosaiappa. "Performance analysis of a large-scale ground source heat pump system." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/12265.
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The UK government’s Carbon Plan-2011 aims for 80% carbon emission reduction by 2050, and the 2009 UK National Renewable Energy Action Plan has set a target of delivering 15% of total energy demand by renewable energy sources by 2020. Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems can play a critical role in reaching these goals within the building sector. Achieving such benefits relies on proper design, integration, installation, commissioning, and operation of these systems. This work seeks to provide evidence to improve the practices in design, installation and operations of large GSHP systems. This evidence has been based on collection and analysis of data from an operational large-scale GSHP system providing heating and cooling to a university building. The data set is of significance in that it is collected from a large-scale system incorporating fifty-six borehole heat exchangers and four heat pumps. The data has been collected at high frequency since the start of operation and for a period of three years. The borehole heat exchanger data is intended to form a reference data set for use by other workers in model validation studies. The ground thermal properties at the site have been estimated using a novel combination of numerical model and parameter estimation methods. The utility of the reference data set has been demonstrated through application in a validation study of a numerical borehole heat exchanger model. The system heat balances and power consumption data have firstly been analysed to derive a range of performance metrics such as Seasonal Performance Factors. Analysis has been carried out at the system and individual heat pump level. Annual performance has been found satisfactory overall. A series of analyses have been carried out to investigate the roles of circulating pump energy, control system operation and dynamic behaviour. Monitoring data from one of the heat pumps has also been analysed in further detail to make comparisons with manufacturer’s steady-state performance data and with consideration to variations in fluid properties. Some modest degradation from stated performance has been identified. The most significant operational factors accounting for degradation of overall system performance have been excessive pump energy demands and short cycling behaviour. Some faults in operation of the system during the monitoring period have also been identified. A series of recommendations are made as to ways to improve the design and operation of large-scale GSHP systems based on this evidence. These recommendations are chiefly concerned with better design for part-load operation, reduction in pump energy demands and more robust control systems.