Journal articles: 'Cup test'

1

Shiwalkar, Jyoti P., and M. N. Deshpande. "Figuring out the statistics of the ICC World Cup 2011." Teaching Statistics 35, no. 2 (April 2, 2013): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/test.12007.

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Singh, Abhishek. "Some predictions about the possible groups of death in the football world cup." Teaching Statistics 40, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/test.12173.

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Watcharasresomroeng, Bhadpiroon. "Investigation on Forming Behaviour of Sheet Metal by Test Using Cylindrical Cup with Hole." Key Engineering Materials 789 (November 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.51.

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Nowadays, there are several grades of sheet metal used in the automotive industry. Highstrength steel sheets, particularly, have been widely used in order to reduce the weight of vehicles,which is strongly related to their fuel consumption rate. However, it is generally known that thestrength of the sheets, which is relatively higher than that of the conventional carbon steel sheets,results in their low formability. In this work, the limiting drawing ratio and forming behavior of sheetmetal that is conventionally used for automobile parts were evaluated by test using cylindrical cupwith hole. The feasibility to use limiting cup height for comparing formability of sheet metal was alsoincluded in the investigation. The sheet materials used in the experiments are aluminium, cold rolledsteel, high strength steel and advanced high strength steel. The process parameters for this study weredie corner radius and blank holder force. Workpiece materials were prepared with a circular shapeand with a diameter of 80 millimetres. In the center of the circular workpiece, a 12-millimetrediameter hole was drilled to observe the formability of each of the materials. The advantage of usingan initial blank with a hole in the center by the cylindrical cup drawing test is that the cup does notfail from changes of the thickness of material near the punch radius at the bottom of the cup. Thelimiting cup height of the investigated materials were evaluated by test using the cylindrical cup withhole. The results show that the limiting cup height values have a relationship to the limiting drawingratio values of the investigated materials. Testing using cylindrical cup with hole by evaluating thelimiting cup height value is feasible for comparing the formability of sheet metals.

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Abdulla, Adam, and Ruth Woods. "The effects of current unsatisfactory performance and evaluative approach on improvement expectancy and commitment to improvement." Motivation and Emotion 45, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09864-8.

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AbstractThis study investigated the effects of current unsatisfactory performance (CUP) on improvement expectancy (IE) and commitment to improvement (CTI). 118 high school students were randomly assigned to consider either current satisfactory performance (CSP) or CUP. In addition, students within each group were randomly assigned to one of two evaluative approaches: (1) dichotomous present-focused evaluation (“Are you succeeding in this area? Or not?”), or (2) historical success scaling (“What is the highest level of success that you have reached in this area?”). It was hypothesised that (relative to CSP) CUP has a negative effect on improvement expectancy (IE). This hypothesis was supported. In addition, the data were consistent with an inconsistent mediation hypothesis according to which CUP has a positive direct effect on CTI but a negative indirect effect through reduced IE. The indirect effect of CUP on CTI was expected to be less negative amongst students engaging in historical success scaling than amongst students engaging in dichotomous present-focused evaluation. Although this was indeed the case, a test of moderated mediation indicated that the conditional indirect effects did not differ statistically. The study helps to illuminate the conflicting effects of CUP on CTI. Findings also have important implications for cognitive-behavioural and solution-focused approaches, both of which champion “scaling.”

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Foecke, T., and T. Gnaeupel-Herold. "Robustness of the sheet metal springback cup test." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 37, no. 12 (December 2006): 3503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-1045-3.

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Dick, Robert E., and Jeong Whan Yoon. "Wrinkling during Cup Drawing with NUMISHEET2014 Benchmark Test." steel research international 86, no. 8 (May 12, 2015): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201500018.

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TRIANTAFYLLIDIS, N. "Puckering instability phenomena in the hemispherical cup test." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 33, no. 2 (1985): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(85)90026-2.

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Zhao, Wei Wu, Xiang Yu, Zhi Hang Luo, Jie Ai, and Xi An Zhao. "A Mechanism Design of Friction and Wear Test Based on Liquid Medium." Advanced Materials Research 703 (June 2013): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.212.

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Friction and wear tester is an important device for detecting friction and wear properties of materials. There is inadequacy of research on friction and wear behavior of geological drilling mechanisms serving under complicated liquid circumstances like water, oil and mortar. This article describes an accessory mechanism for commonly used ball-on-disc tribometer which can be applicable in liquid medium. A new oil cup is designed and composed of oil cup sleeve, oil cup lid, transition station, worktable and etc. Interference connection is adopted between oil cup and rotary test bench of tester. Materials are chosen so as to meet requirement from actual working conditions and to simulate the friction and wear test in liquid medium. The mechanism designed share characters of convenient operation, in-situ observation and friendly environment.

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Haigh, S. K. "Mechanics of the Casagrande liquid limit test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 9 (September 2012): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-066.

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The liquid limit of soils can be measured using either the cup apparatus developed by Casagrande or by the fall-cone method, which is now the standard in much of Europe. This paper will demonstrate, based on a Newmarkian sliding block analysis of the Casagrande percussion test, that these two methods measure different mechanical properties of the soil; the cup test being a measure of specific strength, i.e., strength divided by density, whereas the fall cone is a direct measure of strength. Sources of error in the operation of the percussion test are quantified and a modification to the fall-cone test is proposed to standardize results between the two test methods.

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Pernis, Rudolf, Igor Barényi, Jozef Kasala, and Mária Ličková. "Evaluation of Limiting Drawing Ratio (LDR) in deep drawing process." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v21i4.642.

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Part production by deep drawing technology brings important economic advantages. Cupping test is used to determine material suitability for deep drawing. The main principle of the test is redrawing of cylinder metal test piece to the cup. The result of the test is calculation of limiting drawing ratio (LDR) whichstates the ratio betweenthe largest blank diameter and final cup diameter. Many cupping tests for various materials were performedin order to determine maximal value of LDRthatwould still allow deep drawing without failure of material integrity. Limiting drawing ratio (LDR)converges to Euler’s number (e) for high test piece depth and final cup diameter ratio values. Theoretical analysis of the cupping on drawing die with tractrix curve shows that maximal value of LDR may achieve value LDR>e. This is possible at lower values of test piece depth to final cup diameter ratio.Evaluated values of LDR published in reference literature do not include description ofstrict test conditions. Coefficient of friction has determining influence on LDR value. The theory of limiting drawing ratio(LDR)evaluation described in this paper regards the influence of coefficient of friction between drawing die and drawing cup.

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YONEYAMA, Takeshi, Daichi TATSUNO, Ryoji YOSHIKAWA, Yusuke ITO, and Junichi OKADA. "Measurement of Friction Shear Stress in Taper Cup Test." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 62, no. 728 (2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.62.111.

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ITO, Shigekazu, Hiroaki YOSHIDA, Sachihiro ISOGAWA, Yoshihisa DOI, and Kuniaki DOHDA. "Proposal of Tribosimulator for Forging by Taper Cup Test." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 48, no. 555 (2007): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.48.303.

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ITO, Shigekazu, Kuniaki DOHDA, Hiroaki YOSHIDA, and Sachihiro ISOGAWA. "Tribo-Characteristic Evaluation ofCoated Tools by Taper Cup Test." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 49, no. 566 (2008): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.49.211.

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Lee, Jinwook, Hyo-Sun Kim, Donik Ku, Jihun Lim, Minkyu Jung, Soyeon Kim, Sanghun Jeong, Minsung Kim, and Young-Soo Seo. "Experimental Study on the Water Selective Dense Membrane under an Absolute Pressure Difference with Simplified Test Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041710.

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Membrane-based vacuum dehumidification technology is currently being actively studied. In most studies, the performance of the membrane-based systems is evaluated under the assumption that the membrane can achieve ideal separation, which results in ideal coefficient of performance (COP) values. However, the performance factors for membranes vary depending on the experimental conditions and measurement methods. Therefore, relevant values can only be calculated if the data are measured in an environment close to that of the application conditions. The cup measurement method is a simple method to measure the permeability, however, there are limitations regarding adding variables during the experiment. To overcome these limitations, a new experimental device was constructed that combines pressurized cell with the cup method. Using the device, the performance of polyethylene-amide-bonded dense membranes was evaluated under conditions where absolute pressure differentials occurred before and after the membrane, such as in air conditioner dehumidification systems.

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Pavlidis, Nicholas, George E. Pentheroudakis, Brianna St. Cyr, Yael Spector, Eti Meiri, George Fountzilas, Anna Gousia, et al. "Accuracy of microRNA-based classification of metastases of unknown primary." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 10575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10575.

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10575 Background: Identification of the tissue of origin of metastatic tumors is important for estimation of prognosis and patient management. Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is not uncommon in oncology, representing 3-5% of all newly found malignancies. We used a microarray-based test that uses the expression of 64 microRNAs to retrospectively evaluate tumors from CUP patients. Methods: A cohort of resected metastatic lesions from patients diagnosed with CUP was studied blindly on the microRNA-based test. The cohort included 93 samples (from 92 patients) with tissue adequate for the test. Eight samples failed due to inadequate RNA quality; 85 samples (84 patients) were processed successfully. Test results were compared with clinical presentation including imaging, pathological data (histology and IHC) at initial CUP diagnosis and with clinical management and outcome data at the completion of each patient`s follow up. Results: The test results were fully concordant with the diagnosis based on all the clinical and pathological information available including follow-up and outcome in 92% of patients compared to ~70% agreement with the patients’ diagnosis at initial presentation, before additional data gathered throughout patient management. Two different metastases from the same patient yielded the same result. The microRNA test assigned a single tissue of origin for 51 patients and two tissues of origin in 33 patients, with the first being the more likely diagnosis. When comparing only the first (or single) diagnosis, a concordant level of 88% was achieved. Conclusions: In a retrospective, well studied cohort of metastases from CUP patients, a previously developed test based on the expression profile of 64 microRNAs allowed accurate identification of tissue of origin in 92% of the cases. This study validates the high accuracy of the test on real CUP patients. The high concordance of the test results to the final tissue of origin diagnosis of the patient, even in cases where the initial diagnosis at CUP presentation was discordant, demonstrates the importance of the test in yielding additional data valuable for patient management at an early stage of the patient’s treatment plan.

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Mullens, Bradley A., and John L. Rodriguez. "Laboratory Evaluation of Abg-6162A (Thuringiensin) as a Fly Larvicide, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.417.

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Abstract Caged-layer chicken manure was field-collected and frozen (—10°C) for 3 days to kill any existing arthropods. Manure was placed in 114 ml plastic cups with screened (50 mesh) lids, 86 g of manure per cup. In the first test, 20 F. canicularis eggs were added per cup; in the second test 25 F. canicularis or M. domestica first-instar larvae were added per cup. Thuringiensin was diluted and 1867 u,l was applied with a pipette to the surface of manure in each cup. In the first test, treatments were applied to one group of cups at day 3 (instar 1 larvae) and a second group of cups at day 10 (instar 3 larvae). In the second test, treatments were applied 4 days after larvae were added (instar 3 larvae). There were 10 cups per dilution (plus water controls) per test. Cups were held at 20°C to allow complete emergence (6 weeks), after which time adult flies were counted. From 2-4 ml of water were added to the manure in each cup every few days for the first few weeks to prevent manure drying.

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Ahmadi, Saeid, Parvin Nassiri, Ismaeil Ghasemi, and Mohammad R. Monazzam Ep. "Acoustic Performance of 3D Printed Nanocomposite Earmuff." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 1 (May 17, 2015): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p180.

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INTRODUCTION: Hearing protection devices are one of the primary noise reduction tools in developing countries. This study is intended to produce and apply acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/clay nanocomposites to fabricate a laboratory single cup earmuffs and then compare it with double cup and single cup pure ABS earmuffs in terms of noise attenuation performance and comfort. In addition, the noise attenuation performance of single cup pure ABS earmuffs is compared with double cup pure ABS earmuffs. METHODS: ABS/nanoclay filament was fabricated using a twin screw extruder. A three dimensional (3D) printing machine and a 3D model of earcup, designed by solid work software, were applied to print single and double cup earmuffs using ABS/nanoclay composite and pure ABS filaments. Finally, using an acoustic test fixture, objective noise attenuation test was performed on three different types of earmuffs, including with and without nano material and a secondary cup. Moreover, earmuffs weight was measured as a comfort component. RESULTS: Insertion loss and calculated noise reduction rating (NRR) of single cup ABS/nanoclay earmuffs (NRR=19.4 dB) and double cup pure ABS earmuffs (NRR=18.93 dB) were improved in comparison with single cup pure ABS earmuffs (NRR=15.7 dB). Additionally, both single cup earmuffs were significantly lighter than double cup earmuffs. Although single cup nano and double cup earmuffs had nearly the same attenuation performance, single cup nano earmuffs were 74 gr lighter than double cup earmuffs, so with reference to comfort, single cup nano earmuffs will probably be more acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: From this survey it might be concluded that, even though single cup ABS/nanoclay earmuffs was lighter than double cup pure ABS earmuffs, it had approximately more attenuation performance in comparison with double cup pure ABS earmuffs. Consequently, users are probably more prone to wear light- weight single cup ABS/nanoclay earmuffs as a result of improved comfort. In short, ABS/nanoclay composite can be considered a good choice in products with the necessity of high acoustic performance and low weight.CallSend SMSAdd to SkypeYou'll need Skype CreditFree via Skype

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Huang, Mingsen, Xiaohu Jiang, Long He, Daeun Choi, John Pecchia, and Yaoming Li. "Development of a Robotic Harvesting Mechanism for Button Mushrooms." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14194.

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HighlightsA robotic mushroom picking mechanism was developed, including positioning, picking, and stipe trimming.The picking end-effector was designed based on a bending motion around the stipe-substrate joint.The overall success rate of the developed picking mechanism reached 91.4%.Acting time and air pressure for the suction cup were studied in mushroom bruise level tests.Abstract. Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) harvesting mainly relies on costly manpower, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Robotic harvesting is an alternative method to address this challenge. In this study, a robotic mushroom picking mechanism was designed, including a picking end-effector based on a bending motion, a four degree-of-freedom (DoF) positioning end-effector for moving the picking end-effector, a mushroom stipe trimming end-effector, and an electro-pneumatic control system. A laboratory-scale prototype was fabricated to validate the performance of the mechanism. Bruise tests on the mushroom caps were also conducted to analyze the influence of air pressure and acting time of the suction cup on bruise level. The test results showed that the picking end-effector was successfully positioned to the target locations. The success rate of the picking end-effector was 90% at first pick and increased to 94.2% after second pick. The main reason for the failures was inclined growing condition of those mushrooms, resulting in difficulties in engaging the mushroom cap with the suction cup facing straight downward. The trimming end-effector achieved a success rate of 97% overall. The bruise tests indicated that the air pressure was the main factor affecting the bruise level, compared to the suction cup acting time, and an optimized suction cup may help to alleviate the bruise damage. The laboratory test results indicated that the developed picking mechanism has potential to be implemented in automatic mushroom harvesting. Keywords: Bruise test, End-effector, Mushroom, Robotic harvesting.

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Schulze, Christian, Danny Vogel, Sina Mallow, and Rainer Bader. "Comparison of Test Setups for the Experimental Evaluation of the Primary Fixation Stability of Acetabular Cups." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 3982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183982.

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Sufficient primary fixation stability is the basis for the osseointegration of cementless acetabular cups. Several test methods have been established for determining the tilting moment of acetabular press-fit cups, which is a measure for their primary fixation stability. The central aim of this experimental study was to show the differences between the commonly used lever-out test method (Method 1) and the edge-load test method (Method 2) in which the cup insert is axially loaded (1 kN) during the tilting process with respect to the parameters, tilting moment, and interface stiffness. Therefore, using a biomechanical cup block model, a press-fit cup design with a macro-structured surface was pushed into three cavity types (intact, moderate superior defect, and two-point-pinching cavity) made of 15 pcf and 30 pcf polyurethane foam blocks (n = 3 per cavity and foam density combination), respectively. Subsequently, the acetabular cup was disassembled from the three artificial bone cavities using the lever-out and the edge-load test method. Tilting moments determined with Method 1 ranged from 2.72 ± 0.29 Nm to 49.08 ± 1.50 Nm, and with Method 2, they ranged from 41.40 ± 1.05 Nm to 112.86 ± 5.29 Nm. In Method 2, larger areas of abrasion were observed in the artificial bone cavity compared to Method 1. This indicates increased shear forces at the implant–bone interface in the former method. In conclusion, Method 1 simulates the technique used by orthopedic surgeons to assess the correct fit of the trial cup, while Method 2 simulates the tilting of the cup in the acetabular bone cavity under in situ loading with the hip resultant force.

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Naher, Sumsun, Daniel O’Callaghan, and Dermot Brabazon. "A Powered Technique for Inserting Acetabular Cups." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.1011.

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This work focused to investigate the use of a powered automatic technique to insert acetabular cup implants. The use of a percussion hammer tool as a surgical instrument to insert acetabular cup implants was investigated in current work. Pull-out, lever-out and torque tests were carried out on cup implants inserted into test block specimens of polyurethane (PU) using specifically designed experimental setups as a means of comparing the current mallet and cup introducer (manual impaction) technique against the percussion hammer tool (powered impaction) technique. The experimental tests were based on calculating the maximum forces or moments of forces required to remove the cup implants from a test block specimen, which was representative of the acetabulum of the pelvic bone. It was found, the cup implants inserted using the powered impaction technique required a greater applied force, moment of force and torque in order to remove the cup from the cavity of the PU block specimen in the pull-out, lever-out and torque tests respectively. In terms of stability, the percussion hammer tool has the potential to improve the seating of cup implants within the cavity using a more precise and controlled technique, thus improving the over stability of the inserted cup implant.

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Liunokas, Yanpitherszon. "The Efficacy of Using Cup Stacking Game in Teaching Speaking to Indonesian English as Foreign Language (EFL) Students." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 9, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v9i2.2357.

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This research aims at finding out the efficacy of using Cup Stacking Game in teaching speaking especially describing to Indonesian English as Foreign Language (EFL) students. The main question of this research: Is the use of Cup Stacking Game effective in teaching conditional sentences to Indonesian EFL students?. The research can be an addition to the persisting teaching speaking in English particularly the descriptive text through the use of Cup Stacking Game. The research was conducted in August 2019. This research was conducted at First semester students of the English Study Program of Nusa Cendana University, Kupang. The population of this research was First semester students of the English Study Program of Nusa Cendana University, Kupang in the 2020/2021 academic year. The number population is 160 in four classes.. The research used a pre-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The pre-test was given to find out the basic ability of the students in mastering speaking and the post-test given to find out the students’ improvement in mastering speaking after giving the treatment by using Cup Stacking Game. The findings show that using Cup Stacking Game is effective in teaching speaking to Indonesian EFL students. It is supported by the result of the significance test through SPSS 20 program that the P was 0.00. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Cup Stacking Game in developing students’ speaking of Indonesian EFL students.

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Hansen, T. B., M. Meier, M. C. M. Møller, K. Larsen, and M. Stilling. "Primary cup fixation with different designs of trapeziometacarpal total joint trapezium components: a radiostereometric analysis in a pig bone model." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 4 (May 2011): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193410394526.

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High loosening rates of the trapezium components of trapeziometacarpal total joint prostheses have been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare the primary press fit fixation of two different, uncemented cup designs (MOTEC and Elektra) with the primary fixation of a cemented polyethylene cup (DLC) in a pig bone model. We did a push out test to measure the maximal load strength of the implants and a low-pressure cyclic loading test combined with radiostereometric analysis to measure the micromotion of the implants. There was no significant difference in fixation strength between the two uncemented screw cup designs or between the two uncemented screw cups and the cemented polyethylene cup. However, we found that threading of the bone before insertion of the Electra screw cup weakens the primary fixation strength of the implant. The results indicate that focus should be on the insertion technique as well as on the cup design of uncemented trapezium cup implants. Further studies of trapezium implant migration in a clinical setting are needed.

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Jang, Hyo-Yeon, and Cheol-Hong Hwang. "Test Method Using Shield-cup for Evaluating Response Characteristics of Fire Detectors." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.8696ecf9.

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It is necessary to predict the activation time of fire detectors accurately to improve the reliability for evaluating the required safe egress time (RSET) in performance-based fire safety design. In this study, problems of the plunge test, which is widely applied in assessing fire detectors, were examined through experiments and numerical simulations. In addition, a new shield-cup test method was proposed to address these problems. A fire detector evaluator (FDE) developed in a previous study was applied to ensure measurement accuracy and reproducibility. During the plunge tests, a significant measurement error was observed in the activation time of the smoke detector because of the rapid flow change when the detector was input. However, during the shield-cup tests, slight changes occurred in the flow inside the FDE when the detector as exposed to smoke. In conclusion, the proposed shield-cup test method is expected to be useful for evaluating the response characteristics of fire detectors more accurately in simulated fire environments.

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Xia, Z. Cedric, Craig E. Miller, and Feng Ren. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of a Split-Ring Test for Springback." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 2 (August 22, 2006): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2673341.

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This paper presents an in-depth experimental and numerical investigation of a split-ring test, which provides a simple yet effective benchmark for correlating forming and springback predictive capabilities with experimental measurements. The experimental procedure consists of deep drawing a circular 6111-T4 aluminum alloy into a cylindrical cup of 55mm depth, crosscutting nine rings each of 5mm wide from the cup, splitting the rings, and measuring their opening displacement, i.e., the springback amount. Experimental data obtained included punch force trajectories, drawn cup profile, thickness distribution after forming, and the ring openings after splitting. A numerical model is built to analyze the process, and both transversely isotropic and fully orthotropic yield criteria are investigated. Simulation results are validated against experimental data. A detailed numerical analysis is also conducted for stress distributions in each ring after each step and their relationship to the total springback amount. Stress and strain signatures suggested that the test is well suited for validating material models, such as anisotropic yield surface models and hardening models.

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Kim, Chong Sung, Malek Bassam Hannouf, Muriel Brackstone, Eric Winquist, and Gregory S. Zaric. "Identification of the occult tumor in cancer of unknown primary (CUP): A priority based on histology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.1605.

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1605 Background: The poor prognosis of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) patients is likely to improve with knowledge of the primary site. CUP patients form a diverse clinicopathological group; however, there remains doubt as CUP may indeed represent a unique clinical classification. Methods: We used the Ontario Cancer Registry to identify all patients diagnosed with cancer from January 2000 to December 2005. We linked these patients with the Canadian Institute of Health Information Same Day Surgery and Discharge Abstract Database to identify those who were initially diagnosed with a metastatic tumour. Information on clinical and pathological characteristics including age, gender, primary tumour site, histology, and second primary were available from the Ontario Cancer Registry. We stratified results according to primary tumour site and histology. Five-year survival data were available for all patients and were obtained from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Results: Of 52,619 patients diagnosed with metastatic tumour at the time of their initial cancer diagnosis, 4,866 (9.2%) patients were diagnosed with CUP and 47,753 (90.8%) patients were diagnosed with metastasis of known primary. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of CUP overall survival (OS) differed significantly with patients diagnosed with metastasis of known primary (median OS= 1.0 versus 10.4 months, respectively, log–rank test p<0.0001). In subgroup analyses, the 5-year OS of CUP patients with adenocarcinoma (n=1,389, median OS=1.83) was significantly worse when compared to metastatic adenocarcinoma of known primary (log-rank test p<0.0001). An identical result was obtained with CUP patients of undifferentiated histology (n=3,230). The 5-year OS of CUP patients with squamous cell carcinoma (n=247, median OS=18.5) did not differ significantly with those of other squamous cell carcinoma groups of known primary (log-rank test p>0.56). Conclusions: Although CUP patients as a whole have a poor prognosis compared to other metastatic patients of known primary, distinct subsets of CUP patients have similar prognosis. These data suggest that an intensive diagnostic approach for identification of the primary is not justified for all CUP patients.

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Werner, S., L. Larsson, and B. Regnstrom. "Wind Tunnel Test of an America's Cup Keel-A Test Case for CFD Validation." International Journal of Small Craft Technology 149, b2 (2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijsct.2007.b2.6807.

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CHOY, RAYMOND W. M., W. K. CHOW, and N. K. FONG. "ASSESSING THE CLEAN AGENT HEPTAFLUOROPROPANE BY THE CUP BURNER TEST." Journal of Applied Fire Science 12, no. 1 (September 1, 2005): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bm0n-h5lg-pqla-kq84.

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Ogawa, Takaki, Ninshu Ma, Minoru Ueyama, and Yasunori Harada. "Analysis of Square Cup Deep-Drawing Test of Pure Titanium." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 734, no. 3 (August 2016): 032072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/734/3/032072.

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Ling, E. N., E. Metcalfe, S. Nadarajan, and M. K. Patel. "A numerical simulation of the NBS cup furnace toxicity test." Fire Safety Journal 19, no. 4 (January 1992): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-7112(92)90010-a.

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Feng, Chi, Qinglin Meng, Ya Feng, and Hans Janssen. "Influence of Pre-conditioning Methods on the Cup Test Results." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 1383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.158.

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Yu, Yuejin, and Xiaocong Zhang. "Effects of Expressive Writing on “Choking under Pressure” in High Test-Anxious Individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010302.

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(1) Background: High test-anxious students often fail to perform at their actual level and are prone to choking under pressure (CUP). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether expressive writing (EW) can help high test-anxious individuals reduce the degree of the CUP effect, and whether the intervention effects were different in people with different working memory capacities. (2) Methods: High test-anxious participants wrote expressively (EW group) or neutrally (control group) according to guidance, and then completed a modular arithmetic (MA) task under a high-stress condition. (3) Results: The state anxiety score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the EW group in the high-pressure situation, indicating that the EW intervention was helpful to alleviate the state anxiety. Subjects with high working memory capacity in the control group performed the complex MA task significantly less accurately in the high-stress situation than in the low-stress situation, showing the CUP effect. There was no significant difference in complex MA task scores between high- and low-stress situations for subjects with high working memory capacity in the EW group, indicating that the EW intervention can reduce the degree of the CUP effect. (4) Conclusions: EW intervention was effective in reducing state anxiety levels and attenuating the detrimental effects of test stress on cognitive processing in test-anxious individuals with high working memory capacity.

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Mohan Singh, Hari, Rinki Debnath, and Group B. "A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAM ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING THE USES OF MENSTRUAL CUP AMONG THE ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SELECTED AREAS, AHMEDABAD." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 1150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14156.

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A menstrual cup is a small bell shaped cup that a woman can insert into their vagina to collect menstrual blood during a period. The menstrual cup can be a good solution for menstrual hygiene management in economically challenged setting. The present study conducted reveals about the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge and attitude regarding the uses of menstrual cup among the adolescent girls to enhance the knowledge and improve women health in selected areas of Ahmedabad. The pre experimental study was conducted on adolescent girls with inclusion criteria of age group 13 to 19 years, girls having regular menstrual cycle, willingness to participate in study. The investigator adopted purposive sampling technique to select the sample. Data was collected using 6 demographic variables & 20 questionnaires regarding menstrual cup were included. These questionnaires were divided into various areas such as introduction, parts, types, technique for folding, steps of insertion, side effects and cleaning of menstrual cup. A pre-test was conducted on 30 samples after which the planned teaching program was implemented followed by the post test.

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Shah, Aakash Tushar, Ryan Huey, Priyadarsini Dasari, Anneleis Willett, Brandon George Smaglo, Aurelio Matamoros, Michael J. Overman, Jeannelyn Estrella, and Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav. "Cancer of unknown primary with gastrointestinal profiles: A favorable CUP subset." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e16225-e16225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e16225.

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e16225 Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) with a “gastrointestinal (GI) profile” appears to be a clinically distinct subset, based on immunophenotyping, specifically staining with cytokeratins 20 (CK20) and 7 (CK7), a type I and II keratin, respectively and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) protein, a transcription factor expressed in nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells. However, only a limited clinicomolecular account of this entity exists. Comprehensive profiling is needed to impact personalized therapeutics and improve prognosis. Methods: We identified 497 pts using a retrospective/prospectively managed CUP database and tumor registry of pts evaluated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2012-2016. Pts were classified into 3 cohorts based on immunohistochemistry: lower GI profile CUP (LGI-CUP) [CK20+/CK7- or CK20+/CK7+/CDX2+], upper GI profile CUP (UGI-CUP) [CK20-/CDX2+ or CK7+/CK20+/CDX2-] and remaining were treated as a non-GI CUP (NGI-CUP) control group [CK20-/CDX2-]. Clinical and pathological data including molecular profiling, therapy and survival were logged. Fisher-exact test was used. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and compared with log-rank test. Results: Among 497 pts, 316 (63.6%) had adequate immunostaining for analysis. Of these, 76 (24.1%), 75 (23.7%) and 165 (52.2%) were classified as LGI-CUP, UGI-CUP, and NGI-CUP, respectively. Median age at diagnosis for the 3 cohorts was 59, 62 and 60 years, respectively. Key baseline clinicopathological characteristics were balanced between groups except histology and Culine risk stratification. LGI-CUP were enriched for adenocarcinoma (89% v 54% v 57%, P = 0.009) and good risk group (65% v 46% v 43%, P < 0.001) compared to UGI-CUP and NGI-CUP, respectively. Median OS for the 3 cohorts were: 18.5 months (95%CI: 10.8–26.2) for LGI-CUP compared to 12.3 months (95%CI: 6.3–18.3) for UGI-CUP (P = 0.06) and 13.5 months (95%CI: 10.6–16.6) for NGI-CUP (P = 0.040). On multivariate analyses, LGI-CUP subtype emerged as an independent prognostic factor for better overall survival (HR 0.69, 95%CI: 0.5–0.9, P = 0.046) in addition to histology and Culine risk group. Among LGI-CUP, 39 pts with complete treatment data, 29 (74%) received frontline colorectal cancer specific chemotherapy (5-FU/Capecitabine-based) therapy. Median time to treatment failure was 3.6 months compared 1.8 months for those who received non-colorectal therapy (P = 0.19). For LGI-CUP, most common genomic alterations were TP53 (22%), ERBB2 (12%), KRAS (10%). For UGI-CUP, most common genomic alterations were KRAS (11%), and TP53 (9%). Conclusions: CUP pts with lower GI profile have improved overall survival compared to those with an upper GI or a non-GI immunophenotype. Identifying these CUP subsets and rational use of immunotherapy and targeted therapy may provide benefit to CUP pts, particularly as these treatments evolve for the management of known GI cancers.

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Shah, Aakash Tushar, Ryan Huey, Priyadarsini Dasari, Anneleis Willett, Brandon George Smaglo, Aurelio Matamoros, Michael J. Overman, Jeannelyn Estrella, and Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav. "Cancer of unknown primary with gastrointestinal profiles: A favorable CUP subset." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e16225-e16225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e16225.

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e16225 Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) with a “gastrointestinal (GI) profile” appears to be a clinically distinct subset, based on immunophenotyping, specifically staining with cytokeratins 20 (CK20) and 7 (CK7), a type I and II keratin, respectively and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) protein, a transcription factor expressed in nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells. However, only a limited clinicomolecular account of this entity exists. Comprehensive profiling is needed to impact personalized therapeutics and improve prognosis. Methods: We identified 497 pts using a retrospective/prospectively managed CUP database and tumor registry of pts evaluated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2012-2016. Pts were classified into 3 cohorts based on immunohistochemistry: lower GI profile CUP (LGI-CUP) [CK20+/CK7- or CK20+/CK7+/CDX2+], upper GI profile CUP (UGI-CUP) [CK20-/CDX2+ or CK7+/CK20+/CDX2-] and remaining were treated as a non-GI CUP (NGI-CUP) control group [CK20-/CDX2-]. Clinical and pathological data including molecular profiling, therapy and survival were logged. Fisher-exact test was used. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and compared with log-rank test. Results: Among 497 pts, 316 (63.6%) had adequate immunostaining for analysis. Of these, 76 (24.1%), 75 (23.7%) and 165 (52.2%) were classified as LGI-CUP, UGI-CUP, and NGI-CUP, respectively. Median age at diagnosis for the 3 cohorts was 59, 62 and 60 years, respectively. Key baseline clinicopathological characteristics were balanced between groups except histology and Culine risk stratification. LGI-CUP were enriched for adenocarcinoma (89% v 54% v 57%, P = 0.009) and good risk group (65% v 46% v 43%, P < 0.001) compared to UGI-CUP and NGI-CUP, respectively. Median OS for the 3 cohorts were: 18.5 months (95%CI: 10.8–26.2) for LGI-CUP compared to 12.3 months (95%CI: 6.3–18.3) for UGI-CUP (P = 0.06) and 13.5 months (95%CI: 10.6–16.6) for NGI-CUP (P = 0.040). On multivariate analyses, LGI-CUP subtype emerged as an independent prognostic factor for better overall survival (HR 0.69, 95%CI: 0.5–0.9, P = 0.046) in addition to histology and Culine risk group. Among LGI-CUP, 39 pts with complete treatment data, 29 (74%) received frontline colorectal cancer specific chemotherapy (5-FU/Capecitabine-based) therapy. Median time to treatment failure was 3.6 months compared 1.8 months for those who received non-colorectal therapy (P = 0.19). For LGI-CUP, most common genomic alterations were TP53 (22%), ERBB2 (12%), KRAS (10%). For UGI-CUP, most common genomic alterations were KRAS (11%), and TP53 (9%). Conclusions: CUP pts with lower GI profile have improved overall survival compared to those with an upper GI or a non-GI immunophenotype. Identifying these CUP subsets and rational use of immunotherapy and targeted therapy may provide benefit to CUP pts, particularly as these treatments evolve for the management of known GI cancers.

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Colinart, Thibaut, and Patrick Glouannec. "On the importance of desiccant during the determination of water vapor permeability of permeable insulation material." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017214003.

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Water vapor permeability of building materials is usually measured using dry cup test according to the ISO 12572 standard. For this test, suitable adsorbing desiccant should be used to provide stable low vapor pressure conditions within the cup and, thus, to ensure the good accuracy of the measurement. In this work, different adsorbing desiccants mentioned in the ISO 12572 standard are tested for measurements performed on wood fiber insulation. For each experiment, relative humidity is monitored inside the dry cup. The results indicate that 0 %RH is not reached inside the dry cup and boundary condition is not always stable for highly permeable construction materials, depending on the adsorbing desiccants. The impact of these observation is evaluated on the determination of water vapor diffusion resistance factor and compared to other sources of uncertainties.

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Tokuomi, Saeko, and Kazuya Mori. "Suction Cup for Concrete Wall Testing Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0194.

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[abstFig src='/00280002/10.jpg' width=""300"" text='Claws attached to suction cups' ]Efficient economical test methods are widely needed worldwide. One target of this is to develop climbing robots that check for defects in concrete. These concrete-wall-climbing robots generally use suction cups to support themselves and test apparatus, but the danger exists of this expensive equipment falling. This may occur due to one of two reasons. The first is inadequate ring-seal decompression in suction cups and the second is suction cup slippage. We have added claws to suction cups to help prevent slippage. The claws we developed are attached to the suction cups to help grip the wall. In the sections below, we discuss the scratch tests we performed to test claw effectiveness in improving suction cup grip. We then prove through tests under actual conditions that the estimated grip force matched that of an actual suction cup's grip force with the claw.

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Hossain, M. I., M. Ahmed, M. S. A. Mamun, and A. K. M. Golam Sarwar. "Yield and quality performances of four tea test clones." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, no. 1 (October 3, 2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12036.

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An experiment was carried out during 19942007 to investigate the yield and quality performances of four vegetatively propagated test clones of tea viz. SH/D/11/13, SH/D/11/333, B/HB/2/3 and B/HB/6/4. Two clones, BT1 and TV23, were used as check for quality and yield, respectively. Cuttings of the test clones were collected from the selected bushes of Shumshernugger Tea Estate and hybrid lines of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) and were raised at BTRI nursery. Then the saplings were managed for long term yield and quality trial following randomized complete block design with 5 replications. The green leaf was harvested at weekly interval during the plucking season starting from mid March to mid December throughout the experimental period. The overall cup quality of the test clones was assessed by conventional organoleptic test. At the immature stage (2nd5th year after plantation), all test clones showed similar yield trend as that of check BT1. At the mature stage (6th13th year), the test clones SH/D/11/333 and B/HB/6/4 gave the significantly higher average yield (3095 and 3342 kg ha1 made tea, respectively) compared to the check BT1 (3042 kg ha1 made tea). The cup quality of all the test clones and BT1 was found to be Above Average while the cup quality of TV23 was Average. Considering the overall performances, the test clones SH/D/11/333 and B/HB/6/4 have been released as BT13 and BT14, respectively for commercial plantation in the tea estates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12036 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 3338, 2012

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Zhang, Zi Fu, Jing Bo Yang, Feng Li Yang, and Qing Hua Li. "Design and Full-Scale Test for Cup-Type Steel Tubular Tower of UHV Transmission Line in Heavy Icing Area." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 1074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.1074.

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The ZB1 cup-type steel tubular tower is the first single-circuit tower for UHV transmission line in heavy icing area. Except the ground supports, steel tubular are applied in whole tower. The plug-in boards and forging flanges are used in ZB1 tower,and the highest strength of tubular steel is Q345. Through the monographic study on the tower optimizationnode structuretowers Eiffel effect and bending moment at member end et., The design of ZB1 cup-type steel tubular tower is improved. The success of full-scale test verified the reliability in design and manufacture of cup-type steel tubular tower for UHV in heavy icing area. Research results of this paper can be applied in UHV transmission line projects.

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Prethipa P, Roland, Jimsha V K, and Jonathan Daniel M. "Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.057.

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Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.

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Oo, Myint, Zhuo Wang, Toshihiko Sakakibara, and Yuichi Kasai. "Relationship Between Brassiere Cup Size and Shoulder-Neck Pain in Women." Open Orthopaedics Journal 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2012): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010140.

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There are very few reports in regard to relationship between breast size and shoulder-neck pain. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlations among breast size, brassiere cup size, and moment-in-time reporting of shoulderneck pain in a group of adult women. Three hundred thirty nine female volunteers from the hospital staff answered the questionnaire. Breast size, brassiere cup size, and shoulder-neck pain were self-reported by each participant. The relationship among breast size, brassiere cup size and shoulder-neck pain was investigated. Spearman’s test showed no significant relationship between shoulder-neck pain and brassiere cup size. However, after participants were classified into two groups (small brassiere cup size and large brassiere cup size with 219 and 120 participants, respectively), there was a significant positive correlation between shoulder-neck pain and large brassiere cup size (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between shoulder-neck pain and breast size. In conclusion, large brassiere cup size is an important cause of shoulder-neck pain.

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Sahli, Yassine. "comparison of the NSL-KDD dataset and its predecessor the KDD Cup ’99 dataset." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 04 (April 23, 2022): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i4.ec05.

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This study examines three datasets, notably the KDD Cup '99 and the NSL-KDD datasets, which are commonly used in intrusion detection research in computer networks. The KDD Cup '99 dataset contains five million records, each with 41 attributes that may be used to categorize malicious assaults into four categories: Probe, DoS, U2R, and R2L. Because it was developed by simulation over a virtual computer network, the KDD Cup '99 dataset cannot reflect real traffic statistics. Duplicate and redundant records from the KDD Cup '99 dataset are eliminated from the training and test sets, respectively, in the NSL-KDD dataset.

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Zhai, Jiqiang, Yanjin Guan, Yi Li, Ya Liu, and Jun Lin. "The surface effect of ultrasonic vibration in double cup extrusion test." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 299 (January 2022): 117344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117344.

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NESTEROV, A. P., N. B. FEDOROVA, and E. R. DEVLIKAMOVA. "PERILIMBAL SUCTION CUP TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH TONOGRAPHY OR BULBAR-PRESSURE TEST." Acta Ophthalmologica 51, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1973.tb03793.x.

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Yuan, Hui, Y. P. Cheng, Cheng Yong Wang, and Ying Ning Hu. "Edge Grinding of Ceramic Tile by Diamond Cup Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.85.

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As one of the excellent decorative materials ceramic tiles must be ground and polished to present the glossy surface. In this paper the ceramic tiles were edge ground by diamond cup wheels in the special designed test machine. The surface morphology of the polished ceramic tiles and the wear of diamond cup wheel were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear resistance of diamond cup wheel and the materials’ removal process of ceramic tiles had been tested. The results showed that the wear of diamond cup wheel was stable when grinding with high grinding ratio. The ground surface showed that only the fracture of ceramic tiles was acted by diamond grits during grinding with water by means of good quality diamond cup wheel.

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Kumar, S. Ramesh, S. Senthil Kumaran, M. Sree Arravind, and D. Venkateswarlu. "Effect of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel 1.6mm Butt Welded by Plasma Arc Welding." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.619.

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Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) is more tolerant to joint misalignment than Laser Beam Welding (LBW) at a lower cost [1]. The present study deals with the assessment of mechanical and metallurgical properties of butt welded 1.6 mm thick austenitic stainless steel similar (SS304 and SS304) by using plasma arc welding technique. Similar butt-Welded joints were analyzed by using mechanical (Bend test, Erichsen cup test, tensile test) and metallurgical (Optical macroscopic and microscopic images) characterization methods. The bead width and depth of the butt welded 1.6mm thick butt joined SS304 was analyzed by macroscopic and microscopic images [2]. The Erichsen cup test was conducted on the weld specimens. The indentation was made on the weld specimens. In the similar metal joint the depth of indentation is high, which shows that the similar metal joint has better formability. This makes them appropriate for practicing in the aircraft industries (engine parts), automotive sector (engine-parts and assemblies) chemical processing, food processing, turbine buckets, pumps and valve parts [3]. Keywords: SS304, PAW, Butt weld, Erichsen Cup Test, Microstructure

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Ko, Dae Cheol, Kyoung Su Lee, Jung Min Lee, and Byung Min Kim. "Formability Evaluation of Coated and Uncoated Steel Sheets with Consideration of Frictional Characteristics." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.581.

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Galvannealed steel sheets are being widely used in automotive application for better corrosion resistance. It is generally known that uncoated steel sheets have better mechanical properties than coated steel sheets due to presence of zinc coating. But frictional characteristics of coated steel sheets are very different from those of uncoated steel sheets. Therefore the study on mechanical and frictional characteristics of these steel sheets is needed. In this study, tensile test was performed to evaluate mechanical properties of coated and uncoated steel sheets. Cup drawing test was performed to measure friction-coefficient. And frictional characteristics were analyzed by using FE-analysis. The effect of mechanical and frictional properties on cup drawing was investigated. It was shown that the frictional properties more affected cup drawing.

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Waldstein, W., P. A. Bouché, C. Pottmann, M. Faschingbauer, P. R. Aldinger, R. Windhager, and C. Merle. "Quantitative and individualized assessment of the learning curve in preoperative planning of the acetabular cup size in primary total hip arthroplasty." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 141, no. 9 (March 11, 2021): 1601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-03848-6.

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Abstract Introduction The aim of the present study was to investigate the learning curves of 2 trainees with different experience levels to reach proficiency in preoperative planning of the cup size based on learning curve cumulative summation (LC-CUSUM) statistics and a cumulative summation (CUSUM) test. Materials and methods One-hundred-twenty patients who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty with a cementless cup were selected. Preoperative planning was performed by an experienced orthopedic surgeon. Trainee 1 (student) and trainee 2 (resident) planned the cup size. The trainees were blinded to the preoperative plan and the definitive cup size. Only after a cup size was chosen, the trainees were unblinded to the preoperative plan of the surgeon. LC-CUSUM was applied to both trainees to determine when proficiency in determining the appropriate cup size was reached. A CUSUM test was applied to ensure retention of proficiency. Results With reference to the preoperative plan of the surgeon, LC-CUSUM indicated proficiency after 94 planning attempts for trainee 1 and proficiency after 66 attempts for trainee 2, respectively. Trainee 1 and 2 maintained proficiency thereafter. With reference to the definitive cup size, LC-CUSUM did not signal competency within the first 120 planning attempts for trainee 1. Trainee 2 was declared competent after 103 attempts and retained competency thereafter. Conclusions LC-CUSUM/CUSUM allow for an individualized, quantitative and continuous assessment of planning quality. Based on LC-CUSUM statistics, the two trainees of this study gain proficiency in planning of the acetabular cup size after 50–100 attempts when an immediate feedback is provided. Previous experience positively influences the performance. The study serves as basis for the medical education of students and residents in joint replacement procedures.

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Evin, Emil, and Miroslav Tomáš. "Verification of Friction Models Implemented in the Simulation Software." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.223.

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Modern approaches in simulations of sheet metal stamping processes are based on definition the friction coefficient as not constant, but the different value in different regions, considering the nature of the actual deformation process in each individual region. In this contribution the regression and analytical models to determine the friction coefficients under blankholder and on the die drawing edge by strip drawing test are presented. These models were verified by experimental strip drawing test under the same contact conditions. Zn coated steel sheets for the automotive industry were used in experiments and simulations – extra deep drawing quality DX54D and high strength steel TRIP. The results indicate, that friction coefficients are not constant and depend on the pressure on the die contact surfaces. Friction coefficients were determined also at the cup test by the regression model of drawing versus blankholding force. Conformity of friction coefficients obtained by the cup and the strip tests was confirmed. Model of friction applied in FEM simulation was verified by cup test and good conformity was found out.

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Jindasuwan, Sunisa, and Sitthisuntorn Supothina. "Top Layer Coating for Improving Superhydrophobic Property of Latex Cup." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.52.

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A latex cup is used to collect latex from a rubber tree which is an economic plant in Thailand. The fresh latex or crude rubber consists of organic compound and water which can wet and adhere to surface of the collecting cup. In this research, surface of the latex cup was treated with polymethylhydrogen siloxane-functionalized silica compound to improve hydrophobicity so that it could repel the dirt and latex, resulting in an anti-adhesion between the latex and the cup. Surface of the latex cup was etched with 10 % v/v hydrofluoric acid for 30 min before application of the siloxane coating which was performed by immersion in the solution, painting and spraying, respectively. The result revealed that the immersion method exhibited optimum property justified by high value of water contact angle, low surface free energy, surface roughness and the field test. At the optimum polymethylhydrogen siloxane : fumed silica ratio of 3 : 1 wt%, the treated sample had water contact angle of 139.24 ± 0.78 degrees and possessed surface energy of 1.07 mJ/m2. The field test conducted in the rubber field in Trang province revealed good durability of the coating. The water contact angles were 132.15 ± 2.05 and 129.20 ± 2.34 degrees after 2 weeks and 1 month, respectively, of the field service.

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Yeh, Fung Huei, Ching Lun Li, and Kun Nan Tsay. "An Analysis of Forming Limit for Various Arc Radii of Punch in Micro Deep Drawing of the Square Cup." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.660.

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This paper presents an explicit dynamic finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with the forming limit diagram (FLD) to analyze the forming limit for the various arc radii of punch in micro deep drawing of square cup. In the present study, the tensile test and friction test are performed to obtain the material parameters of the electro-deposited copper foil according to the ASTM standards. Importing these properties, the numerical analysis is conducted by the explicit dynamic FEM. The FLD in numerical simulation is used as the criterion of the forming limit in micro deep drawing of the square cup. The forming limit, deformed shape, punch load-stroke relationship, height of cup and thickness distribution of square cup, are discussed and compared with the experimental results. It shows that a good agreement is achieved from comparison between simulated and experimental results. When the arc radii of punch increase with Rp=0.2, 0.5 and 0.8mm, the limit drawing ratio increases from 1.90 to 2.03 and 2.10. The forming limit of square cup increases with an increase of the arc radii of punch. From this investigation, the results of this paper can be used as reference in the relative researches and applications of micro forming.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cup test'

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