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1
Zhao, Guoyong, Yu Su, Guangming Zheng, Yugang Zhao, and Chunxiao Li. "Tool tip cutting specific energy prediction model and the influence of machining parameters and tool wear in milling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 10 (2020): 1346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420911298.
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Most of the existing energy-consumption models of machine tools are related to specific machine components and hence cannot be applied to other machine tools with different specifications. In order to help operators optimize machining parameters for improving energy efficiency, the tool tip cutting specific energy prediction model based on machining parameters and tool wear in milling is developed, which is independent of the standby power of machine tools and the spindle no-load power. Then, the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is verified with dry milling AISI 1045 steel experiments. Finally, the influence of machining parameters and tool wear on tool tip cutting specific energy is studied. The developed model is independent of machine components, so it can reveal the influence of machining parameters and tool wear on tool tip cutting specific energy. The tool tip cutting specific energy reduces with the increase in the cutting depth, side cutting depth, feed rate, and cutting speed, while increases linearly as the tool wears gradually. The research results are helpful to formulate efficient and energy-saving processing schemes on various milling machines.
2
Nakaminami, Masamitsu, Tsutomu Tokuma, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Keiichi Nakamoto. "Optimal Structure Design Methodology for Compound Multiaxis Machine Tools - I - Analysis of Requirements and Specifications -." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 2 (2007): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0078.
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The functionality of compound multiaxis machine tools is becoming increasingly versatile as NC lathes evolve. A single compound multiaxis machine tool functions as a 2-axis NC lathe and as a 5 axis machining center. The compound multiaxis machine tool executes machining such as inclined surface and gear cutting, conventionally executed by dedicated machines with special jigs and fixtures. A survey has shown that most machining executed by conventional compound multiaxis machine tools consists of basic drilling and milling on the orthogonal plane, indicating that compound multiaxis machine tools specifications should be designed to meet these requirements. To improve competitiveness and return investment over conventional NC lathes and machining centers, productivity required for a compound multiaxis machine tool is derived based on the machining time of typical parts on conventional machines. Here, we address systematic analysis and methodology to determine compound multiaxis machine tool specifications from the viewpoints of quality and cost.
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Yamada, Makoto, Tsukasa Kondo, Fumiki Tanaka, and Takeshi Kishinami. "Tilted Tool Axis Machining on 5-Axis Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 2 (2007): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0120.
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High-efficiency machining and high-quality cutting are required in mold and die machining. To produce high-quality molds and dies, we require high rigidity for cutting tools and machining with effective cutting edges. We propose tilted tool axis machining, which involves indexing using 2-axis rotary motion and machining using 3-axis feed motion on a 5-axis machining center. To conduct tilted tool axis machining by ball end mill, we must know the tool attitude to ensure stable cutting and how to control the tool attitude to stable cutting conditions. Our main objective was to clarify the tool attitude ensuring stable cutting conditions and to develop automatic determination of the indexing angle for mold and die machining. We start by discussing machining experiments using a dynamic force dynamometer on a 5-axis machining center to analyze machining features using a tilted tool axis ball end cutting tool. We then determine machining evaluation from which the results of machining experiments are determine using a tilted tool axis ball end cutting tool. We propose calculation of optimum indexing angle candidates for machining surfaces using normal vectors of surfaces and cutting edges. We then show machinable area evaluation for the calculated indexing angle based on inverse offset method with a state flag. We then give examples demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposal.
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Yamada, Makoto, Tsukasa Kondo, and Kai Wakasa. "High Efficiency Machining for Integral Shaping from Simplicity Materials Using Five-Axis Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 5 (2016): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0804.
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In the integrally shaping process from a simple material shape to an objective shape, it is necessary to reduce the time required for the machining process in order to improve cost savings and the effectiveness of mass production. For the purpose of achieving high efficiency in the integral shaping from simplicity materials, we have focused on a rough cutting process that requires the most time in the manufacturing process. The purpose of this research is to propose a method for realizing high-speed rough machining using five-axis machine tools with a voxel model, and confirm the high efficiency of the rough cutting. In this research, we use five-axis controlled machine tools for material machining, and suggest two machining methods for the rough cutting process using the voxel model. The first method derives the tool posture where the cutting removal quantity becomes the maximum; this method also carries out a rough cutting process via 3+2 axis controlled machining. The other method carries a complete convex shape that includes the required shape, and simultaneously machines via five-axis machining based on the complete convex shape. This paper demonstrates the 3+2 axis control machining method that uses the voxel model to perform the rough machining process with high efficiency, and the simultaneous five-axis control machining method that uses a complete convex shape model for rough machining. We confirm the results with a computer simulation and actual machining experiments.
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Vichare, P., A. Nassehi, and S. Newman. "A unified manufacturing resource model for representation of computerized numerically controlled machine tools." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 223, no. 5 (2009): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1363.
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The capability of any manufacturing system primarily depends on its available machine tools. Thus machine tool representation is a vital part of modelling any manufacturing system. With the rapid advances in computerized numerically controlled (CNC) machines, machine tool representation has become a more challenging task than ever before. Today's CNC machine tools are more than just automated manufacturing machines, as they can be considered multi-purpose, multi-tasking, and hybrid machining centres. This paper presents a versatile methodology for representing such state-of-the-art CNC machining system resources. A machine tool model is a conceptual representation of the real machine tool and provides a logical framework for representing its functionality in the manufacturing system. There are several commercial modelling tools available in the market for modelling machine tools. However, there is no common methodology among them to represent the wide diversity of machine tool configurations. These modelling tools are either machine vendor specific or limited in their scope to represent machine tool capability. In addition, the current information models of STEP-NC, namely ISO 14649, can only describe machining operations, technologies, cutting tools, and product geometries. However, they do not support the representation of machine tools. The proposed unified manufacturing resource model (UMRM) has a data model which can fill this gap by providing machine specific data in the form of an EXPRESS schema and act as a complementary part to the STEP-NC standard to represent various machine tools in a standardized form. UMRM is flexible enough to represent any type of CNC machining centre. This machine tool representation can be utilized to represent machine tool functionality and consequential process capabilities for allocating resources for process planning and machining.
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Katz, Reuven, John Yook, and Yoram Koren. "Control of a Non-Orthogonal Reconfigurable Machine Tool." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 2 (2004): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1771692.
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Computerized control systems for machine tools must generate coordinated movements of the separately driven axes of motion in order to trace accurately a predetermined path of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. However, since the dynamic properties of the individual machine axes are not exactly equal, undesired contour errors are generated. The contour error is defined as the distance between the predetermined and actual path of the cutting tool. The cross-coupling controller (CCC) strategy was introduced to effectively decrease the contour errors in conventional, orthogonal machine tools. This paper, however, deals with a new class of machines that have non-orthogonal axes of motion and called reconfigurable machine tools (RMTs). These machines may be included in large-scale reconfigurable machining systems (RMSs). When the axes of the machine are non-orthogonal, the movement between the axes is tightly coupled and the importance of coordinated movement among the axes becomes even greater. In the case of a non-orthogonal RMT, in addition to the contour error, another machining error called in-depth error is also generated due to the non-orthogonal nature of the machine. The focus of this study is on the conceptual design of a new type of cross-coupling controller for a non-orthogonal machine tool that decreases both the contour and the in-depth machining errors. Various types of cross-coupling controllers, symmetric and non-symmetric, with and without feedforward, are suggested and studied. The stability of the control system is investigated, and simulation is used to compare the different types of controllers. We show that by using cross-coupling controllers the reduction of machining errors are significantly reduced in comparison with the conventional de-coupled controller. Furthermore, it is shown that the non-symmetric cross-coupling feedforward (NS-CC-FF) controller demonstrates the best results and is the leading concept for non-orthogonal machine tools.
7
Chang, Han-Jui, Shang-Liang Chen, and Po-Yi Lee. "Using the direct cutting paths approach on aluminum alloy cone frustum part for evaluating a five-axis machine tool with Taguchi method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 5 (2017): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416673096.
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It is difficult to compare five-axis machine tools complex analysis against independent motion of multi-type machines; more specifically, there has been no breakthrough involving the interaction effect factors from cutting analysis. Therefore, the defining and quantifying of data are important in assessing the overall performance of five-axis machine tools, and allow for the evaluation of each subsequent interaction motion analysis. Among various cutting test models, the machining of a cone frustum as specified in National Aerospace Standard 979 and International Standard Organization 10791-7 is widely accepted as a performance test standard for five-axis machining centers. Although it gives a demonstration of the machine’s machining performance, it is generally difficult to identify the overall effects of kinematic interaction within the profile of the finished workpiece. This is new approach to a previously defined 10 direct cutting paths method to evaluate the performance of each cone frustum motion, and it is not limited to only evaluating single direction or displacement on a five-axis machine tool. Among the 10 cutting paths, four of them are real five-axis cutting and the remaining paths are non-real five-axis cutting. This allowed the test of four to five mixed external forces at the same time, which the instrument is not able to measure. This article further proposes to calculate the factorial effect of interaction, based on the Taguchi method signal-to-noise ratio, mechanical advantage, and Variables separable model, which allows for the comparison of the performance of different five-axis machine tool types.
8
Liu, Zhan Qiang, and Qi Lin. "Numerical Analysis of Face Milling Ti6Al4V with Different Tool Materials." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.299.
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Ti6Al4V is one kind of difficult-to-machine aeronautical materials, which is generally machined by coated cemented carbide tools. A three-dimensional face milling model is developed in this paper with finite element analysis software AdvantEdge to analyze influences of tool materials on tool temperatures, cutting forces and tool stresses. The simulation results have shown that PCBN tools are the most appropriate for machining titanium alloy when it is machined with heavier cutting parameters. Cemented carbide-K tools and PCD tools are suitable for finish machining titanium alloy. The PCD tools are superior to cemented carbides-K under the same machining conditions. Nature diamond cutting tools are incompatibility to machine titanium alloy due to their higher costs and carbonization at high temperature. In the view of cutting forces and distributions of tool stresses, nature diamond tools are optimal and the cemented carbides-K are the poorest in machinability rate at the same cutting conditions, while super-hard tools gets longer tool life.
9
Zheng, Dong Xi. "The Error Analysis of Surface Machining on the CNC Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.681.
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The surface machining is more and more in modern manufacturing, it is able to machine the high precision surface by CNC machine tools, but there are many cutting errors yet. To reduce the cutting errors in surface machining effectively, the paper analyzed the errors of surface machining by flat milling cutter on theory, it found the main reasons of cutting errors in machining the surface, and got the method to compensate the errors, so it provided the theoretical basis of compensation algorithm of cutting errors in the machining the surfaces.
10
Duplák, Ján, Peter Michalik, Miroslav Kormoš, Slavko Jurko, Pavel Kokuľa, and Ľubomir Olexa. "Impact of Cutting Speed on the Resultant Cutting Tools Durability in Turning Process of Steel 100CrMn6." Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.292.
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Durability of cutting tools represent to a large spectral index on the basis of which is characterized by functional work. Every manufacturer of cutting tools before the actual production of these tools during the development make a tests and prescribing them characteristics on which is possible then to predict their behavior in the actual production process. It might be argued, that these information are optimized and ideal and therefore the information which producers sells by these cutting tools, do not correspond completely with their real behavior. It is necessary that information by using experiments to verify and then review their informative value and correctness. Durability of cutting tools is often indicated for one tested material of marketing aspect, which is machined and effort of user is to achieve this variable for other machined materials, then is happened problem in the production. The problem is very short lifetime of cutting tool in machining process, where the effect is impossibility to optimize the machining process. The results of this action are excesses time caused by exchanged of cutting plate and then it is make a low production of machining industry by setting of machines, and then the factory has an economical loses. This article is focused on tested of cutting tools made by sintered carbide, where the machine material is steel 100CrMn6. This type of steel is used by manufacturer of bearings, therefore the experimental part of this article should be a helper for machining manufactures, which make effectively manage with tools by optimization of cutting parameters of cutting tools and thus increase their productivity and to achieve a higher profits.
11
Yudo, Eko, and Husman Husman. "Analisa Keausan Elektroda Electrical Discharge Machining Menggunakan Metoda Response Surface Methodology." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 10, no. 02 (2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v10i02.63.
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The current electrical dish machine machining (EDM) machine in the field of manufacturing has developed along with conventional machines such as Lathes, Milling Machines, and Grinding Machines as the leading technology. EDM is known for its ability to make complex shapes on very hard metals. EDM machines are widely used in the manufacture of dies, cutting tools, and molds that cannot be done with the cutting process. Therefore the level of electrode wear in the EDM process must be as efficient as possible. The research was conducted to determine the exact EDM process parameter setting values. Variable parameters are current, on time, off time. To optimize the response of this study using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. High electrode wear is obtained in testing with parameters used Ton (300 μs), Toff (15 μs) and Current (20 A), and the smallest wear value is obtained in the test with the parameters used Ton (100 μs), Toff (15 μs) and Current (10 A).
12
Hida, Tomoya, Tetsuya Asano, Chiharu Higashino, Masaaki Kanamaru, Jun’ichi Kaneko, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Development of Cutting Force Prediction Method Using Motion Information from CNC Controller." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 2 (2016): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0253.
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Five-axis machines and multi-tasking machines are widely used because they facilitate integration of work processes and simplification of jigs and set-ups. Along with effective machine use, development of optimum machining such as research on tools and cutting methods to achieve high-speed cutting and increase of material removal rate is being investigated. While these efforts have greatly contributed to furthering of automation and cost reduction at the manufacturing site, complex machine motions and increased demanding work processes can lead to unexpected collisions and tool breakages. To prevent tool breakage caused by unexpected overloading or to improve the inefficient feed rate on the basis of safety considerations, simulations based on numerical control (NC) data are usually performed in advance to evaluate the cutting force. In high-speed, high-efficiency machining, however, the machine does not always execute movements as instructed by the NC data and the predicted cutting force does not always agree with the actual cutting forces. In this study, therefore, we developed an off-line system in which the motion information of each axis of an actual machine is acquired from a computer numerical control (CNC) controller, and is then used to predict the cutting force. The effects of using the proposed method are described in this article.
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Oda, Yohei, Makoto Fujishima, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Energy-Saving Machining of Multi-Functional Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 2 (2015): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0135.
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The purpose of the study described in this paper was to develop an energy-saving strategy for machining of multi-functional machine tools by pairing various turning and milling processes with various cutting conditions. The amounts of electric energy consumed during turning, facing, end milling, and drilling were measured and analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the most efficient machining processes and methods for reducing electric energy were identified. It was found to be important to employ severe cutting conditions as much as possible and to reduce the electric energy associated with machining of multi-functional machine tools during standby periods.
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Nakamoto, Keiichi, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Recent Advances in Multiaxis Control and Multitasking Machining." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 2 (2017): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0140.
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This paper presents an overview of recent advances in multiaxis control and multitasking machining, the machine tools’ kinematic configurations, and the supporting and cutting technologies used for complex form shaping. The functions of the metal cutting machine tools have been expanded to meet high productivity and high accuracy requirements for machining complicated and difficult parts on a single machine. Among these functions, the increase in the number of controlled axes and the multitasking capability in one chucking process enable machine tools to manufacture complex products efficiently. The historical background and application field of machine tools are discussed, mainly by taking examples from turning- and milling-based machining. Then, research challenges to improve machining results are introduced. This paper also presents examples of the latest cutting technologies and the current status of related supporting technologies.
15
Nguyen, Loc Huu, and Thuy Van Tran. "Advances in the dynamic characteristics of high -speed machine structure." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K5 (2017): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik5.1162.
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The quality of machining is dependent on the machine’s dynamic behavior throughout the operating process. Because of the loads or vibration during operation, the rigidity of the machine structure can be reduced. Therefore, the study of advances in the dynamic characteristics has great significance for the development of machine tools, especially for high-speed machines. This paper presents the design and analysis of a rigid gantry structure with a spindle speed in the range of (6.000 ÷ 24.000)rpm, corresponding to the natural frequency of the machine structure more than (100 ÷ 400)Hz. Use CAE (computer-aided engineering) analysis software to analyze the natural frequency of machine structure. The research results show that the machine structure will have good stiffness, high vibration resistance and avoid resonance to achieve the best machining surface. In addition, it is the basis for selection of cutting mode suitable for the machining process in order to improve the reliability and efficiency of work of the machine structure and the accuracy of the processed products.
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Van Thuy, Tran, and Huu Loc Nguyen. "Investigation on influence of cutting parameters on spindle vibration of CNC wood milling machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 213 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821301007.
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In machining operation, the cutting parameters greatly influences on the spindle vibration of a CNC wood milling machine. The paper presents the effect of the cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle when machined on CNC milling machine using Box-Hunter method of experimentation. The lowest natural frequency of this machine is 250 Hz. Experimental results have established a second-order regression equation that demonstrates the effect of three parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle. From that base, determine the most reasonable cutting parameters when machining on CNC wood milling machines so that the spindle vibration amplitudes is minimal. In addition, The comparison results show that the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the bolt joint is larger than the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the weld joint.
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Neugebauer, Reimund, Carsten Hochmuth, Gerhard Schmidt, and Martin Dix. "Energy Efficient Process Planning Based on Numerical Simulations." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.212.
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The main goal of energy-efficient manufacturing is to generate products with maximum value-added at minimum energy consumption. To this end, in metal cutting processes, it is necessary to reduce the specific cutting energy while, at the same time, precision requirements have to be ensured. Precision is critical in metal cutting processes because they often constitute the final stages of metalworking chains. This paper presents a method for the planning of energy-efficient machining processes based on numerical simulations. It encompasses two levels of planning flexibility: process adjustment and process design. At the process adjustment level, within the constraints of existing machines and tools, numerical simulations of orthogonal cutting are used to determine cutting parameters for increased energy efficiency. In this case, the model encompasses specific cutting energy, tool wear, chip geometry, and burr shape. These factors determine the energy and resources required for the chip formation itself, tool replacements, cleaning and deburring and with that the overall energy efficiency and precision. In the context of process design, with the ability to select machines, machine configurations, tools, and cooling systems, numerical simulations of cutting processes that incorporate machine and tool conditions are applied in the planning of energy-efficient machining. The method is demonstrated for the case of drilling processes and supported by experimental investigations that identify the main influences on energy efficiency in drilling.
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Savilov, A. V., A. S. Pyatykh, and S. A. Timofeev. "Analysis of advanced transpedicular screw machining technologies." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 24, no. 6 (2021): 1190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2020-6-1190-1198.
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Abstract: The purpose is to improve the machining efficiency of titanium alloy transpedicular screws on highperformance machine-tools based on the selection of advanced technological approaches, and to analyze the current manufacturing technology of implants on CNC machines of the semi-automatic longitudinal turning lathe type. The efficiency is assessed using the following criteria: process performance determined by the machine time and the quality of implant processing (surface roughness, geometric accuracy, mechanical properties). It is found that semi -automatic longitudinal lathes equipped with a collet feed system and drive heads for thread whirling allow processing the implants of the transpedicular screw type in a single set-up with maximum efficiency. It is shown that the machining technology of transpedicular screws is largely determined by the features of their design. The type and shape of the thread have the greatest influence on the used cutting tool and cutting modes. The analysis of screw breakages revealed that the main failure reasons are design defects and poor machining quality of the threaded part. It is determined that the use of the thread whirling method makes it possible to obtain the thread in one cutting pass and, therefore, significantly increase the machining performance compared to the traditional technology without any loss of quality. Additional advantages of this method are the reduction in the number of tools used and follow-on finishing deburring operations. Based on the conducted analysis the manufacture of transpedicular titanium alloy screws is recommended to perform using advanced cutting tools, primarily thread whirling cutters ensuring 4 times increase in machining performance without any loss of the processed item quality and 2 times reduced surface roughness. In this case the temperature in the cutting zone decreases, which has a positive effect on processed product service life. The condition for the effective use of the cutters is equipping of the machine-tools involved in the technological process with special drive heads.
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Matisková, Darina. "MACHINABILITY OF MATERIALS AND THEIR MATHEMATICAL MODELS FROM AN ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 5 (2020): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i5.2019.382.
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This article is about the economics aspects on optimization of components production are nowadays very current issue. Article is about the criteria of economic efficiency of production of mechanical components for machine tools and CNC machines. The machinability of materials is considered to be a parameter which characterizes the machined material in the process of cutting and expresses the degree of machining effectivity in terms of material of a product and is expressed by mathematical model.
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Huang, B., Zeng Wen Liu, Jian Feng Li, Jin Sheng Zhang, and Z. Wang. "Wear Mechanism of Diamond Mills in Stone Cutting." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.469.
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With the growing use of natural stone both in industrial field and in ornamental materials of building, Complex-shaped stone products are being dramatic increasing. It is necessary to machine it with flexible and automatic machines such as NC machining enters. Versatile tools such as shaped diamond mills are used. The wear mechanism of diamond mills in stone cutting is presented in this paper though experiments. The macro-geometries of diamond mills such as mill diameter, profile and weight are described. The changes of macro-geometries of shaped diamond mills can be used to express tool wears. The changes can therefore be used to forecast tool wears in stone machining.
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Aoyama, Tojiro. "Mini Special Issue on Machining Control and Process Monitoring." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 6 (2014): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0791.
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Control and process monitoring are key technologies supporting high machining accuracy and efficiency. This special issue features six papers taking novel approaches to controlling machine and cutting tools and monitoring the machining process. The motion control of machine tools and cutting tools are introduced. A new challenge for monitoring the machining process by referring to NC control servo signals implements a practical proposal. The precise identification of friction at driving elements of machine tool components is an important factor in improving machine tool control motion accuracy. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the authors and reviewers whose invaluable efforts have helped make the publication of this manuscript possible.
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Guo, Zhi Ping, Zhi Yong Song, and Rong Bo Shi. "Error Source Identification of Machining Accuracy of Five-Axis Linkage CNC Machine Tools." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.34.
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The error sources of machining accuracy of CNC machine tools including geometric error, thermal error, system error and error of load control etc. The error source affect the relative position of the cutting tool and the workpiece by the dynamic motion, and then affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece. By trial cutting method, "S" test part is a new test part for detecting machining accuracy of five-axis linkage machine tools. Through experiment and simulation, identification of the error source of the machining accuracy and the regular of "S" test part surface errors, surface quality, results show that "S" test part can reflect the machining accuracy of CNC machine tool.
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Nakaminami, Masamitsu, Tsutomu Tokuma, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Sachinori Sakashita, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Keiichi Nakamoto. "Optimal Structure Design Methodology for Compound Multiaxis Machine Tools-III - Performance Evaluation -." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 1 (2008): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0070.
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Compound multiaxis machine tools are developed for machining of high-value-added parts throughintegrating milling and turning operations. Due to the complexity of the configuration and the functional versatility required for a compound machine tool, machining accuracy, productivity, and return on investment (ROI) remain to be improved. Design methodology has been widely studied to design high-performance compound multiaxis machine tools. We evaluated their performance in this study, finding that a V guide effectively improves movement accuracy in the X, Y, and Z directions. Cutting tests conducted on the XY-plane, YZ-plane, and an inclined plane prove that tight circularity is achieved. Cutting cycle time for an identical part and the same part compared between conventional and new compound multiaxis machine tools showed the cutting cycle time is largely reduced. We also found that new compound multiaxis machine tools consume less electricity than a manufacturing system with equivalent productivity consisting of a 2-axis lathe and a machining center.
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Nakaminami, Masamitsu, Tsutomu Tokuma, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Sachinori Sakashita, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Keiichi Nakamoto. "Optimal Structure Design Methodology for Compound Multiaxis Machine Tools-III - Performance Evaluation -." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 1 (2008): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0071.
Full textAbstract:
Compound multiaxis machine tools are developed for machining of high-value-added parts throughintegrating milling and turning operations. Due to the complexity of the configuration and the functional versatility required for a compound machine tool, machining accuracy, productivity, and return on investment (ROI) remain to be improved. Design methodology has been widely studied to design high-performance compound multiaxis machine tools. We evaluated their performance in this study, finding that a V guide effectively improves movement accuracy in the X, Y, and Z directions. Cutting tests conducted on the XY-plane, YZ-plane, and an inclined plane prove that tight circularity is achieved. Cutting cycle time for an identical part and the same part compared between conventional and new compound multiaxis machine tools showed the cutting cycle time is largely reduced. We also found that new compound multiaxis machine tools consume less electricity than a manufacturing system with equivalent productivity consisting of a 2-axis lathe and a machining center.
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ZHANG, JULIE, and HONG NIE. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELING FOR MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING THROUGH MICROCONTROLLER-BASED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 08, no. 02 (2009): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686709001742.
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Machine condition monitoring plays an important role in machining performance. A machine condition monitoring system will provide significant economic benefits when applied to machine tools and machining processes. By applying Taguchi design method, real-time pilot experimental study was conducted on a CNC machining center for monitoring the end mill cutting operations through the vibration data collection via a microcontroller-based data acquisition system. Featured machining signals were identified through data analyses and regression models were established that incorporates different combinations of featured machining signals and machining parameters in using logistic regression modeling approach. The onsite tests show that the developed logistic models including the featured machining signals can correctly distinguish worn and new cutting tools. Therefore, they can help construct decision-making mechanism for machine condition monitoring.
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Yoshimaru, Masafumi, Yasuhiro Fujita, Tetsufumi Ito, Masahide Kouya, and Hiroshi Suzuki. "Development of Multi-Axis Cutting Method Using Non-Rotational Tool with Ultrasonic Vibration." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 2 (2008): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0105.
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In recent years, rotary tools such as ball and flat end mills are widely used to produce dies and parts. Machining using rotary tools shortens cutting time, raising efficiency and discharging cutting chips cleanly, but leaves the machined face rough due to arc-shaped rotation marks. The radius of rotation for the location of the cutting edge from the tool's center axis is non-consistent, varying tool edge cutting speed and direction, making it difficult to leave surface roughness uniform. Removing unfinished areas and reducing final machined face surface roughness to the submicron level thus requires secondary finishing, which conventionally relies on hand polishing by a skilled worker. We developed extremely small cut-in machining using a non-rotational tool to establish final die machine finishing. We discuss machining tests with ultrasonic vibration added to machine prehardened steel, used mainly as a die material, to a mirror finish using a nonrotational diamond tool, and evaluate its usefulness.
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Saito, Kosuke, Hideki Aoyama, and Noriaki Sano. "Accurate Estimation of Cutting Time Based on Control Principle of Machine Tool." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 3 (2016): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0429.
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The accurate estimation of cutting time before beginning a cutting process is necessary to improve the productivity of machining. Commercial computer-aided machining (CAM) systems estimate the cutting time by dividing the tool path length by the designated feed rate in a numerical control (NC) program. However, the actual cutting time generally exceeds the estimated cutting time for curved surfaces because of the acceleration and deceleration of the NC machine tool. There are systems that estimate cutting time while considering acceleration and deceleration along the controlled axes, but these are applicable only to particular machine tools. In this study, a flexible system for the accurate estimation of cutting time, based on the control principle of a machine tool, is developed. Experiments to estimate cutting time are conducted for the machining of complex shapes using two different NC machine tools. The actual cutting time is compared with the cutting time estimated by the developed system and that by a commercial CAM system. The estimation error of the proposed system is only 7%, while that of the commercial CAM system is 51%.
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Setiawan, Ari, Rachmawati Wangsaputra, Yatna Yuwana Martawirya, and Abdul Hakim Halim. "An Object-Oriented Modeling Approach for Production Scheduling on CNC-Machines in Flexible Manufacturing System to Maximize Cutting Tool Utilization." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 18, no. 02 (2019): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021968671950015x.
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This paper discusses production scheduling problems on CNC-machines having a set of cutting tools in a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) to maximize the cutting tools utilization. This objective has been selected because it is frequently found that cutting tools are under-utilized as they are used far below their respective lifetime limits. We will consider the situation where several identical CNC-machines are operated in an FMS; each of which is equipped with the same cutting tool configuration. The jobs to be scheduled are machining parts, and each of the parts requires one to two stages of processes, and each of the stages consists of several sequential operations, where a specific operation requires a certain type of cutting tool. Whenever a certain cutting tool is being used, the time consumption will be accumulated to calculate its remaining lifetime. The assignment of an operation to a particular CNC-machine will be based on the sufficiency of the cutting tool remaining lifetime to complete the operation. We formulate the problem in a mathematical model and then solve it using a solution method based on the object-oriented modeling approach, where the FMS elements are grouped as classes of the objects, i.e. the CNC-machine, the cutting-tool, the product (job) and the storage classes. Numerical examples show that the proposed solution method can effectively solve the scheduling problem.
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Wang, Ke, Guang Lv, and Xing Wei Sun. "Analyzing of Dynamic Characteristics of Special CNC Machine Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2037.
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The dynamic characteristics of machine tool is an important factor, which make affect on the cutting stability of machine tool. The poor dynamic characteristics will seriously affect the stability of cutting, make the low cutting efficiency and low machining precision, and also accelerate the wear of tools and even reduce the machine’s service life. So it is necessary to analyze the dynamic characteristics of machine tool, and according to the results of analysis to optimize structural parameters and motion parameters of the machine tools. This paper analyses the dynamic characteristics of machine bed and machined work piece of the CNC special machine tool for Kelly with the finite element software, and analysis of excitation characteristics of cutting tool. It also makes optimization design to the machine bed, through the analysis and optimization, the natural frequency and stiffness will be obviously improved. According to the structure and calculation of the motion parameters we can get the exciting force frequency to workpiece when it is cut, using interlocking tooth cutting method to replace the initial symmetrical cutting method in order to avoid the resonance produced in the cutting process and improve stability. The exciting frequency when cutting can be improved and the probability of resonance when cutting is lowered. All these ensure high efficiency and high stability cutting.
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Gao, Shi Long, Li Bao An, Xiao Chong Wang, and Song Gao. "Progress on Research of Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials Using CBN Cutting Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.910.
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Some engineering materials have excellent performances, but the machining of these materials is a problem. It is very inadequate to meet machining requirement only using traditional cutting tool materials. Therefore, exploring the machinability of difficult-to-machine materials and applying appropriate cutting tool materials have drawn much attention in metal cutting industry for guarantied product quality and productivity. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) has been recognized as one of the most suitable cutting tool materials due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, high chemical inertness, and excellent chemical stability in high temperature. Research on various aspects of CBN cutting performances has been conducted in recent years. This paper presents the progress on machining difficult-to-machine materials using CBN cutting tools.
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Shirase, Keiichi. "Special Issue on Modeling and Simulation of Cutting Process." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 3 (2010): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0213.
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In the 5 decades-plus since the first numerical control (NC) machine tool was demonstrated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, MA, USA, advances such as high-speed, multi-axis and multi-tasking machine tools have been introduced widely to achieve high quality and productivity in machining operations. In order to handle these sophisticated machine tools freely and effectively, sophisticated NC programs are conventionally required in advance for problem-free machining. Computer simulation and optimization of cutting processes by considering process physics, machine tool dynamics and kinematics and process constraints are helpful in the strategic process planning operation and useful in preparing sophisticated NC programs. However, challenges and models quantitatively predicting cutting process performance remain to be developed. Topics of interests in this special issue include but are not limited to - machining process modeling - machine tool dynamics modeling - cutting force, cutting temperature, surface roughness, etc., prediction - machining stability prediction - simulation-based machining-process diagnostics - optimization using machining simulation The review paper and ten research works accepted are related to state-of-the-art modeling and simulation applicable to the machining and manufacturing domains. Besides traditional machining, nontraditional machining such as laser machining for micromachining have been explored. Also the machining of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) for tissue engineering applications has been investigated. The articles in this special issue are sure to prove interesting, informative, and inspiring to our readers on advances in cutting process modeling and simulation. Finally, we thank the authors, reviewers, and editors for their invaluable contributions and generous efforts in enabling this issue to be published.
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INOKUMA, Shuuichi, and Yasutoshi TANAKA. "Machining of PWB. (4). Router Cutting and Its Machine Tools." Circuit Technology 8, no. 5 (1993): 412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep1986.8.412.
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Zakovorotny, V. L., and V. E. Gvindzhiliya. "Synergetic Concept of Software Control of Machining Processes on Metal-Cutting Machines." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 5 (734) (May 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-5-24-36.
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High precision metal-cutting machines ensure that the programmed machine actuator trajectories correspond to the real ones. For lathes these are the trajectories of the longitudinal and transverse calipers of the system, as well as the spindle. The purpose of processing is to produce parts of a given quality while minimizing the manufacturing costs. The condition of the dynamic cutting system, determined by the trajectories of forces and deformations, affects the quality indicators of parts and the cutting efficiency, which depends on the intensity of tool wear. The properties of the system change depending on the phase trajectory of the power of irreversible transformations of the energy supplied to the cutting zone by the work performed. Their changes related with the evolution of the parameters of the dynamic link formed by cutting are manifested in the development of tool wear and changes in the quality of the part. Thus, the power of irreversible energy transformations is one of the internal factors causing changes in the output characteristics of processing and the state of the process. In this regard, when processing on machine tools, there is a problem of synergistic coordination of external control (for example, the CNC program) with internal one, the source of which is the irreversible transformation of the energy supplied to the cutting zone. The article considers the problem of synergetic coordination of external and internal controls during cutting process, the solution of which will allow increasing the efficiency of processing on CNC machines. A mathematical model of a controlled dynamic cutting system and control algorithms are proposed to improve the efficiency of processing parts of a given quality while minimizing the intensity of tool wear. Testing of the developed algorithms has shown that their use reduces the cost of manufacturing parts by 1.2.
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Xu, Su Ying. "Waste Tire Crushing and Shearing Machine Tools Working Methods of the Gap." Advanced Materials Research 823 (October 2013): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.823.309.
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The fine particles of tire shear blade gap adjustment requirements quickly and gap value can be controlled . Thus raised the following two questions. One is how to adjust the gap , and the second is to determine the value gap . For the above two issues are now designed shears no solution. The reason is that the tool cutting edge after installation manual measurement gap not .Machinery and no set automatic detection devices. Inserts knife blocks knife is not conducive to the gap between the tool to adjust. Size of the gap of the tool cutting of the rubber particles under conditions not very clear , the blade clearance can be adjusted using the structural design . Change processing means for processing pole . Setback legitimate work method can reduce the impact on the processing tool clearance . Cutting edge in multi-processing methods . Blade gap introduced into the gap and squeeze setback cut gap . Powder particles in the gap after being introduced to squeeze into the machining gap cutting machining . Particles larger than the machining gap will be extrusion . Cutting tool clearance is no longer the main influence .
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Carter, Norman. "The application of a flexible tooling system in a flexible manufacturing system." Robotica 3, no. 4 (1985): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002319.
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SUMMARYThe introduction of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Cell Technology, and Automated Machining Techniques with the related reduction in manning levels has resulted in the development of tooling systems, tool management systems, and, independent tool magazines to service TURNING MACHINES where a high number of tools are required to cover one shift or unmanned operation.Actual cutting time (production time) represents a value between 5% and 20% of average machine utilisation time, and developments in cutting materials and geometries have largely exhausted rationalisation possibilities in this area.
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Maropoulos, P. G. "Cutting Tool Selection: An Intelligent Methodology and its Interfaces with Technical and Planning Functions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 206, no. 1 (1992): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_055_02.
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This paper presents a new cutting tool selection methodology, namely the intelligent tool selection (ITS), which covers the whole spectrum of tool specification and usage in machining environments. The selection process has five distinct levels and starts by deriving a local optimum solution at the process planning level, which is progressively optimized in the wider context of the shop-floor. Initially, multiple tools are selected for each machining operation and tool lists are formed by sorting selected tools in order of preference. The second selection level provides a tooling solution for a component by considering all the operations required as well as the characteristics of the machine tool. The selected tools are then rationalized by forming a set of tools for machining a variety of components on a given machine tool at level 3 and by increasing the use of common and standard tools within a group of machines at level 4. Finally, the fifth level aims at reducing tool inventory by classifying existing tools into categories according to their usage and is also used for introducing new tools into the manufacturing system. The selection method allows the implementation of the minimal storage tooling (MST) concept, by linking the ordering of new and replacement tools to production control. ITS also uses the concept of tool resources structure (TRS), which specifies all tooling resources required for producing a component. By using the framework provided by ITS, TRS and MST it can be shown that tooling technology interfaces with diverse company functions from design and process planning to material/tool scheduling and tool management. The selection methodology results in higher utilization of tools, improved efficiency of machining processes and reduced tool inventory.
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Liu, Gui Min, Ya Ling Song, Li Li Ma, and Feng Wang. "Study on the Machining of Plasma-Sprayed Al2O3 Coatings by Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.746.
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Ultrasonic vibration cutting experiments have been carried out for the machining of the plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coatings. The optimized value of V/Vc for the vibration cutting was obtained by a series of tests. The comparing experiments of the ultrasonic vibration cutting and the traditional cutting for the machining of the plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coatings by the cube nitride boride (CBN) and YC09 (hard alloy) lathe tools have been executed. The results indicate that the valid cutting time for the vibration cutting is 3-4 times longer than that for the traditional cutting, at the same time, the surface roughness values of the coatings machined by the vibration cutting are less than that machined by the traditional cutting. CBN and YC09 have been optimized as the candidates to machine the Al2O3 coatings through a series of vibration cutting tests carried out on the lathe tools of CBN and three hard alloys of YC09, YH3 and YGHT. The cutting parameters, such as V, aP and f, for the vibration cutting of the Al2O3 coatings by CBN and YC09 were obtained through the orthogonal tests and regression analysis. The obtained parameters have been utilized to machine the plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coatings for validation, and the results indicate that the ultrasonic vibration cutting is a competitive method to machine the plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coatings.
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Yamane, Yasuo. "Special Issue on Difficult-to-Cut Materials." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 3 (2013): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0255.
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Nickel-based super alloys, Ti alloys, CFRP, hardened steels, etc., are widely used in aerospace, automobile, chemical, and other industries because of such superior properties as high operating temperature, superior specific strength, outstanding hardness and/or great toughness. These properties, however, also present difficulties in machining, cutting temperature, cutting, adhesiveness, chip controllability and wear. Other distinguishing properties include instable tool life, surface finishing and chip control in machining. This means that the stabilization of cutting is very important, especially when machining NC machine tools. Metal machining involves many parameters, such as cutting tools, cutting oil, cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and machine use. A metal machining engineer therefore must decide all of these parameters to ensure their most suitable values under boundary conditions such as machining time, accuracy and the surface roughness of machined parts. Machining, especially of difficult-to-cut materials, is an optimization problem occurring under specified boundary conditions. Choosing machining parameters, including tool geometry and the most favorable features of work materials, must thus be figured out and optimum cutting conditions selected based both on metal machining theory and on practice. This special issue covers recent development in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials, including hardened steel, stainless steel, titanium alloys, Inconel 718, hard brittle materials and CFRP. All of the papers in this special issue are of great interest and value in machining these materials. We thank the authors for their invaluable submissions and the reviewers for their earnest efforts, without which this special issue would not have been possible.
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Švitra, Donatas, and Jolanta Janutėnienė. "Dynamics of the processes in metal machining." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 2 (December 21, 1998): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.1998.2.0.15295.
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In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion.
 The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.
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Drlička, R., J. Žarnovský, R. Mikuš, I. Kováč, and M. Korenko. "Hard machining of agricultural machines parts." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, Special Issue (2013): S42—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2012-rae.
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For the renovation and/or improvement of the surface properties of machine elements, hard facing is often used. Hard structures obtained in layers or by heat treatment achieve a hardness of up to 68 hardness (HRC) or even more. The grinding of these surfaces demands the use of processing fluids and causes sometimes changes in the surface layers structure. Hard turning can replace grinding when certain requirements are fulfilled, particularly tough machining system. Hard deposits of two weld-on materials on a sample of steel grade S235JRG1 have been turned using cemented carbide inserts with a TiAlN coating of PVD type. The surface roughness measurements along with the observation of insert wear have been conducted to find proper machining parameters and conditions for this application. Cutting inserts manufacturer guidelines for special application could be insufficient or even not provided. Besides that, it is necessary in the experiments to take into account and examine the cutting ceramics and cubic boron nitride (CBN)/polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN).
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Madl, Jan. "Precision Machining and Optimisation of Cutting Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.100.
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Precision hard machining is a topic of high interest at present. Surface integrity requirements increase. Precision machining may substitute some abrasive operations with some advantages of precision machining over the abrasive machining. But, the availability of hard machining over abrasive machining can also lead to economic advantages. Manufacturing processes, machine tools, cutting tools, tool changes, cutting conditions, etc., are nowadays usually determined intuitively, very often non-professionally, without careful analysis and economic calculation. The determination of cutting conditions is very important aspect of the total optimisation of manufacturing processes. Hard machining is possible to realise by different cutting materials, especially by cubic boron nitride, ceramics and some types of sintered carbides.
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Суслов, Анатолий, Anatoliy Suslov, Дмитрий Петрешин, et al. "System for automated wear-resistance technological control of machinery at cutting." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 5 (2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ad8d291cddcd8.06334386.
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The peculiarities in the realization of algorithmic and mathematical software for technological control of machinery wear during machine parts cutting are considered. At the same time the adaptive system of quality control of parts surfaces machining on NC machines is used. This system allows decreasing cost price of manufacturing parts and ensuring their required life.
 The system developed allows choosing a method and modes of part surface finish cutting ensuring a value of its wear intensity at operation not exceeding permissible one with minimum technological cost price. 
 It allows carrying out finish cutting a part surface with the optimum method and in optimum modes on a machine, possibly, equipped with NC systems with the adaptive wear-resistance control of the part under machining.
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Komanduri, R., J. McGee, R. A. Thompson, et al. "On a Methodology for Establishing the Machine Tool System Requirements for High-Speed/High-Throughput Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 107, no. 4 (1985): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3186004.
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This paper presents a methodology for determining the machine tool system requirements for high-speed machining (HSM)/high-throughput machining (HTM). Both technological and economic factors should be considered in the formulation of the model for determining machine tool system requirements. The HSM function model is given here in the form of ICAM-defined (IDEFo) charts with corresponding text. For machining most aluminum alloys, the maximum cutting speed is not limited by tool life, and the technology for high-speed machine tools (spindles, table drives, controls, chip management, and other features) exists today. Therefore, HSM of aluminum alloys can be implemented. Selection of a suitable HSM system involves detailed technological analysis and economic justification for a given part-family production configuration. The recent introduction of Si3N4 based tool materials has enabled significantly higher cutting speeds (up to 1524 mpm or 5000 sfpm) in the machining of gray cast iron. However, the machine tools using this type of tool material should be more rigid and capable of higher power, higher speed, and faster feed in order to increase productivity and reduce manufacturing costs. In the machining of the difficult-to-machine materials (e.g., superalloys), the cutting speed is still limited by tool wear. Nevertheless, a high-throughput machining (HTM) strategy is pertinent for this application.
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Paszta, Piotr. "The possibility of cutting shapes on CNC machine tools." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929002008.
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The development of computer technology has enabled it to be introduced to machine tools. The widespread use of CNC machine tools has resulted in a rapid development of the processing industry. So far, obtaining the profile of the curve has required the use of a complicated machine tool kinematic design, or it has been impossible to implement it otherwise than by copying. The numerical control of machine tools is based on the mathematical description of motion. This provides the capability to form curves of the same shape but with different dimensions using parametric programs. The article describes the practical use of parameters in machining on an FYS milling machine with Mitsubishi control.
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Vahdati, Mehrdad, and Ali Shokuhfar. "Design of Moving Components of an Ultra Precision Machine Tool for Nanometric Machining." Materials Science Forum 553 (August 2007): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.553.232.
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Ultra precision machines are used for very precise machining as well as small parts. Due to their application, the accuracy of products has been upgraded in recent years. Thus, dimensional accuracies could be compared with surface texture dimensions like roughness and etc. In order to attain dimensions with surface texture accuracy, usually micro/nano meter, it is necessary to adopt ordinary machining technologies with micro/nano techniques. This measuring by adoption leads to nano-machining. Nano-machining researches deal with all three basic components of, machine tools, work piece, and cutting tool, which have fundamental importance for development of this technique. Despite of wide range of possible researches, only part of design points of ultra precision machines have been considered in this report. Air operated systems, like air slide table, and air spindle are examples of ultra precision machine tool components. These two components have been analyzed for some of their characteristics. Experiments have been planed to extract the relationship between stiffness, employing some of the effective parameters such as air pressure and air gap. The results describe the performance condition of air table and air spindle under different loadings.
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Bosoancă, Gheorghe, Laurenţiu Slătineanu, Margareta Coteaţă, and Ana Badanac. "Application of the Ideas Diagram Method for Device Design in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.393.
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Wire electrical discharge machining is nowadays applied by using adequate specialized machine tools. A research problem could refer to a device for wire electrical discharge machining, adaptable on the current computer numerical controlled ram electrical discharge machines. The device could be able to be used in order to develop cutting processes in plate type workpieces. The wire electrical discharge machining process was examined and premises for developing a device for wire electrical discharge machining were formulated. These premises are used in order to develop an ideas diagram able to offer suggestions for the structure of the device. Distinct components necessary in the device structure were identified and taken into consideration, and three distinct versions of the device were defined.
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Abainia, Sadredine, and Mohamed Bey. "Integrated Dexels Geometric Model and Predictive Force Model for Feedrate Optimization in 03 Axis Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.377.
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Machining of sculptured surfaces engender abrupt variations in cutting forces, excessive tool deflections and undesirable vibrations and therefore poor surface finish. To reduce these problems and to have a stable machining it is more indispensable to select the appropriate cutting conditions. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for determining the optimum feedrates along tool path during finishing of sculptured surfaces with ball end tools on 03-axis CNC milling machines using a predictive mechanistic model of cutting forces. Its steps are :1) approximation of the workpiece geometric model by dexels, 2) localization of the contact zones between tools and workpiece using machining simulation, 3) prediction of the cutting forces, 4) optimization of the feedrates and 5) updating of the machining program « G-Code ».
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Mancisidor, Iker, Xavier Beudaert, Gorka Aguirre, Rafael Barcena, and Jokin Munoa. "Development of an Active Damping System for Structural Chatter Suppression in Machining Centers." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (2018): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0642.
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The presence of chatter vibrations is one of the main limitations of machining processes in terms of productivity, as they prevent obtaining the required surface finishes and decrease the life of tools and the mechanical elements of the machine. The use of active dampers governed by a control strategy permits an increase in structural damping without significantly changing the machine design. The main objective of this study is to improve the dynamic capabilities of the machine, and to increase the chatter-free region. This objective is achieved by the addition of an electromagnetic actuator located as close as possible to the cutting point. The electromechanical design of the actuator is described, and a novel double flexure guarantees a constant gap between the moving magnets and the coils. This smart mechatronic system allows the introduction of new additional functions: process and machine monitoring, chatter avoidance by spindle speed modification, and machine dynamics calibration. All of these functions enhance standard milling machines.
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Kleinwort, Robin, Richard S. H. Popp, Benedict Cavalié, and Michael F. Zaeh. "Energy Demand Simulation of Machine Tools with Improved Chatter Stability Achieved by Active Damping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 805 (November 2015): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.805.187.
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The electric base load of milling machine tools has a high share of the machine’s total energy consumption. An approach to decrease the energy demand per workpiece is to shorten the machining time by raising the material removal rate. The maximum feed depends on the tool’s wear resistance while the maximum depth of cut is often limited by the chatter stability of the machine. In this paper active damping is used to damp chatter vibrations, which leads to a higher depth of cut. To evaluate the decrease of energy consumption for any workpiece, a modeling methodology for the energy demand of machine tools was developed, which is presented in this paper. The methodology is able to estimate the energy requirements of the spindle during cutting, of the feed drives, of the auxiliary equipment and of the base load. The numerical results were experimentally validated by different 2.5D machining processes, with good agreement between the simulation model and the experimental results. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be used effectively for calculating the total energy required for the machining of any workpiece. In addition, the structural dynamics of the machine tool, the active damping system and the cutting process were modeled in order to simulate the chatter stability. This enables a straightforward determination of the optimum cutting parameters as well as a comparison of different milling part programs, both in terms of the energy demand. Furthermore, it is possible to evaluate the energy conservation by active damping and to point out for which cutting processes active damping is useful.
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Walid Ibrahim Alnusirat, Litvin Оleksandr, Ibrahim Farhan Alrefo, and Kravez Оleksandr. "TOOL FOR RESEARCHING THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM OF METAL-CUTTING MACHINE." World Science, no. 9(37) (September 30, 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30092018/6128.
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 Dynamic characteristics of the system flexibility of the machine affect the accuracy of machining, so the study of this problem is very important. Fluctuations of the machine elements significantly affect the error of the shape of the workpiece. The quality of the processing is determined not so much by the static displacements between the tool and the workpiece but the stability of the machine system as a whole. There are many solutions of vibroacoustic diagnostics devices for machines and machine-tools in the related publications. Defects in the spectrum of vibroacustic signals are found in the process of manufacturing and assembling machines in the form of discrete components, parameters of which are used in vibroacoustic diagnostics as informative diagnostic features. Along with that there is, but not so common, another type of dynamic system analysis of the machine, which can be carried out by experimental methods, or, in particular, by simulating the perturbation of a dynamic system by cutting forces of special type. Imitated disturbance is carried out by using a tool of a special form. During the processing cutting edges of the tool create a pseudorandom process with certain statistical characteristics, in particular, the correlation function. The proposed design of the tool makes it possible to perform the research of frequency parameters of the dynamic system of the machine without complex loading devices.