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Journal articles on the topic 'CVD injection liquide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wong, Kai Chung, Tony Chen, David E. Connor, Masud Behnia, and Kurosh Parsi. "Computational Fluid Dynamics of Liquid and Foam Sclerosant Injection in a Vein Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.293.

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The aim of this study was to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate the injection of liquid and foam sclerosants into a varicose vein. The CFD model results were compared with sclerosant flow in an experimental model of a straight or a branched vein. The effects of injection angle, injection velocity and tubing contents (blood, saline) on sclerosant spreading were assessed by CFD. The simulation of liquid sclerosants injection was able to provide a good representation of forward flow, but underrepresented sclerosant backflow. Due to the complex nature of computational m

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2

Papadimitropoulos, G., and D. Davazoglou. "Copper metallization based on direct-liquid-injection hot-wire CVD." Microelectronic Engineering 84, no. 5-8 (2007): 1148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2007.01.012.

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3

Li, Xinhai, Yong Cheng, Shaobo Ji, Xue Yang, and Lu Wang. "Sensitivity Analysis of Fuel Injection Characteristics of GDI Injector to Injector Nozzle Diameter." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030434.

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The accuracy of a nozzle diameter directly affects the difference of the injection characteristics between the holes and productions of a GDI (gasoline direct injection) injector. In order to reduce the difference and guarantee uniform injection characteristics, this paper carried out a CFD simulation of the effect of nozzle diameter which fluctuated in a small range on single-cycle fuel mass. The sensitivity of the fuel injection quantity to the injector nozzle diameter was obtained. The results showed that the liquid phase ratio at the nozzle outlet decreased and the velocity of the outlet i

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4

Seehanam, Wirapan, Kulachate Pianthong, Wuttichai Sittiwong, and Brian Milton. "Injection pressure and velocity of impact-driven liquid jets." Engineering Computations 31, no. 7 (2014): 1130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-09-2012-0218.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a procedure to simulate impact-driven liquid jets by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The proposed CFD model is used to investigate nozzle flow behavior under ultra-high injection pressure and jet velocities generated by the impact driven method (IDM). Design/methodology/approach – A CFD technique was employed to simulate the jet generation process. The injection process was simulated by using a two-phase flow mixture model, while the projectile motion was modeled the moving mesh technique. CFD results were compared with experimental result

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5

Zhang, Jia Fang, Zong Qing Lu, Zhao Wang, Qing Ke Yuan, and Guang Kai Wang. "Research on Intelligent Inspection Machine Based on Linear CCD." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3819.

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This paper introduces new equipment for injection liquid inspection. The Intelligent Inspection Machine is based on linear CCD. The inspection platform, holding device and rotating and abruptly stopping station of this equipment are introduced, and the operating principle is illustrated. Image preprocessing is demonstrated in details, including filtering, segmentation and the calculated of particles. The experiments demonstrated that the intelligent inspection machine for injection liquid inspection based on linear CCD is feasible.

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6

Jones, Anthony C., Hywel O. Davies, Timothy J. Leedham, et al. "Precursor design for liquid Injection CVD of lead scandium tantalate thin films." Integrated Ferroelectrics 30, no. 1-4 (2000): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580008222249.

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7

Morales, J., L. M. Apátiga, and V. M. Castaño. "Synthesis of diamond films from organic compounds by Pulsed Liquid Injection CVD." Surface and Coatings Technology 203, no. 5-7 (2008): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.05.030.

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8

Maury, F., A. Douard, S. Delclos, D. Samelor, and C. Tendero. "Multilayer chromium based coatings grown by atmospheric pressure direct liquid injection CVD." Surface and Coatings Technology 204, no. 6-7 (2009): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.020.

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9

Manole, Claudiu Constantin, Olivier Marsan, Cedric Charvillat, Ioana Demetrescu, and Francis Maury. "Evidences for liquid encapsulation in PMMA ultra-thin film grown by liquid injection Photo-CVD." Progress in Organic Coatings 76, no. 12 (2013): 1846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.05.027.

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10

Avril, L., S. Bourgeois, M. C. Marco de Lucas, et al. "Thermal stability of Au–TiO2 nanocomposite films prepared by direct liquid injection CVD." Vacuum 122 (December 2015): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2015.06.018.

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11

Asmann, M., D. Kolman, J. Heberlein, and E. Pfender. "Experimental confirmation of thermal plasma CVD of diamond with liquid feedstock injection model." Diamond and Related Materials 9, no. 1 (2000): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(99)00189-2.

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12

Kelly, P. V., M. B. Mooney, J. T. Beechinor, et al. "Ultraviolet assisted injection liquid source chemical vapour deposition (UVILS-CVD) of tantalum pentoxide." Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 10, no. 3-5 (2000): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0712(200005/10)10:3/5<115::aid-amo418>3.0.co;2-#.

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13

Papadimitropoulos, G., and D. Davazoglou. "Copper Films Deposited by Hot-Wire CVD and Direct Liquid Injection of CupraSelect." Chemical Vapor Deposition 13, no. 11 (2007): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200706621.

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14

Li, Ning, Yu-Hsiang A. Wang, Milko N. Iliev, Tonya M. Klein, and Arunava Gupta. "Growth of Atomically Smooth Epitaxial Nickel Ferrite Films by Direct Liquid Injection CVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 17, no. 7-9 (2011): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.201106930.

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15

Zhang, Yu, Qifan Wang, Ruomiao Yang, Yuchao Yan, Jiahong Fu, and Zhentao Liu. "Numerical investigation of the effect of injection timing on the in-cylinder activity of a gasoline direct injection engine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 3 (2022): 168781322210828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221082873.

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GDI (Gasoline direct injection) technology is used in downsized engines for its economy and low emissions. However, if the injection strategy is not set properly, GDI will produce more emissions than conventional gasoline engines. In this paper, the effect of injection timing on GDI engine emissions under optimal phasing conditions was analyzed by using a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) GDI engine numerical model. The results showed that at medium engine speed and medium load advancing the injection timing from −300 to −290 CAD ATDC resulted in a more efficient and cl

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16

Vernardou, D., M. E. Pemble, and D. W. Sheel. "Tungsten-Doped Vanadium Oxides Prepared by Direct Liquid Injection MOCVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 13, no. 4 (2007): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200606527.

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17

Jenkins, Carol, Melissa Cruz, Jen Depalma, et al. "Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Growth via CVD Synthesis from a Liquid Precursor." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 23, no. 01n02 (2014): 1420001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156414200018.

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As novel theories and uses of carbon nanotubes (CNT) advance, it becomes increasingly important to characterize the methods of production. One such method of CNT production uses a liquid phase precursor (hydrocarbon with nanoparticle catalyst mix) that is injected into a tube furnace with a flowing carrier gas. The CNTs are grown in high purity and are collected on the surface of the quartz tube. The system allows for a number of variables to be tested such as growth temperatures, flow rate of the carrier gas, precursor injection rates and variations of precursor mix however, here only thermal

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18

Andsaler, Adiba Rhaodah, Amir Khalid, Him Ramsy, and Norrizam Jaat. "A Review Paper on Simulation and Modeling of Combustion Characteristics under High Ambient and High Injection of Biodiesel Combustion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.580.

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This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This researc

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19

Ugarte, Orlando, Neel Busa, Bikram Konar, Tyamo Okosun, and Chenn Q. Zhou. "Impact of Injection Rate on Flow Mixing during the Refining Stage in an Electric Arc Furnace." Metals 14, no. 2 (2024): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14020134.

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During the refining stage of electric arc furnace (EAF) operation, molten steel is stirred to facilitate gas/steel/slag reactions and the removal of impurities, which determines the quality of the steel. The stirring process can be driven by the injection of oxygen, which is carried out by burners operating in lance mode. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) platform is used to simulate the liquid steel flow dynamics in an industrial-scale scrap-based EAF. The CFD platform simulates the three-dimensional, transient, non-reacting flow of the liquid steel bath stirred by oxygen in

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20

Potter, R. J., P. R. Chalker, T. D. Manning, et al. "Deposition of HfO2, Gd2O3 and PrOx by Liquid Injection ALD Techniques." Chemical Vapor Deposition 11, no. 3 (2005): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200406348.

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21

TAKAHASHI, M. "Preparation of composite and compositionally graded TiC?TiN films by liquid injection plasma-enhanced CVD." Solid State Ionics 172, no. 1-4 (2004): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.03.015.

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22

Selvakumar, J., V. S. Raghunathan, and K. S. Nagaraja. "Nanocrystalline yttria films by plasma-assisted liquid injection (PA-LI) CVD technique using metallorganic precursors." Materials Letters 63, no. 30 (2009): 2710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.09.050.

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23

Grohn, Philipp, Marius Lawall, Tobias Oesau, Stefan Heinrich, and Sergiy Antonyuk. "CFD-DEM Simulation of a Coating Process in a Fluidized Bed Rotor Granulator." Processes 8, no. 9 (2020): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091090.

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Coating of particles is a widely used technique in order to obtain the desired surface modification of the final product, e.g., specific color or taste. Especially in the pharmaceutical industry, rotor granulators are used to produce round, coated pellets. In this work, the coating process in a rotor granulator is investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete element method (DEM). The droplets are generated as a second particulate phase in DEM. A liquid bridge model is implemented in the DEM model to take the capillary and viscous forces during the

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24

Vijayakumar, Vishnu, Jagadish Pisharady, and P. Balachandran. "Computational and experimental study on supersonic film cooling for liquid rocket nozzle applications." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120908077p.

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An experimental and computational investigation of supersonic film cooling (SFC) was conducted on a subscale model of a rocket engine nozzle. A computational model of a convergent-divergent nozzle was generated, incorporating a secondary injection module for film cooling in the divergent section. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were run on the model and different injection configurations were analyzed. The CFD simulations also analyzed the parameters that influence film cooling effectiveness. Subsequent to the CFD analysis and literature survey an angled injection configuration w

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25

Zahari, Nuraqilah, Bukhari Manshoor, Mohamad Hafizuddin Roslan, et al. "Simulation of Liquid NH3 Spray Characteristics for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) under Engine-Relevant Conditions." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 126, no. 2 (2025): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.126.2.6272.

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Fuel/air mixing characteristics of liquid ammonia under direct injection engines have gained significant attention in the automotive industry due to their potential for improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. This study employed a simulation approach to investigate the spray characteristics of liquid ammonia for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) under Engine-Relevant Conditions. Conversely, lower injection pressures resulted in shorter spray penetration due to reduced fuel momentum and weaker atomisation. The main variable in this study is injection pressure, which is 50 bar, 80 bar an

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26

., Safiullah. "Non-Vaporizing and Vaporizing Diesel Spray Evaluation with Experimental and Computational Approaches." Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology 19, no. 2 (2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.1902.17.

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Experimental and numerical modeling of diesel spray is necessary to understand the idea of efficient combustion and injection strategies in diesel engines. The current study aims to demonstrate the experimental and computational modeling of diesel spray under non-evaporating and evaporating conditions using three single hole injector diameters i.e. 0.133mm, 0.122mm and 0.101mm with injection pressure and injection quantity of 120 MPa and 5 mm3, respectively. First, the non-evaporating experiments are performed in high-pressure high-temperature constant volume vessel where the spray images are

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27

Carpenter, Chris. "Annular Injection Mixer Approach Improves Evaporation of Heavy Hydrocarbons." Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, no. 04 (2024): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0424-0067-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 216883, “How To Evaporate Heavy Hydrocarbon in a Natural Gas Stream Within a Short Distance: The AIM Concept,” by Fariz Maktar and Christian Chauvet, Wood, and John Sabey, SPE, Prosep. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Evaporating heavy hydrocarbons has long been a challenging task, especially in a limited area that requires rapid vaporization of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) fractions within a short distance. A static mixer that the authors call the annular injection mixer (AIM) has demons

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28

Lupina, Grzegorz, Mindaugas Lukosius, Christian Wenger, et al. "Deposition of BaHfO3Dielectric Layers for Microelectronic Applications by Pulsed Liquid Injection MOCVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 15, no. 7-9 (2009): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200804272.

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29

NAKAYAMA, HARUKA, ROCCO PORTARO, CHARLES BASENGA KIYANDA, and HOI DICK NG. "CFD MODELING OF HIGH SPEED LIQUID JETS FROM AN AIR-POWERED NEEDLE-FREE INJECTION SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 04 (2016): 1650045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500457.

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A liquid jet injector is a biomedical device intended for drug delivery. Medication is delivered through a fluid stream that penetrates the skin. This small diameter liquid stream is created by a piston forcing a fluid column through a nozzle. These devices can be powered by springs or compressed gas. In this study, a CFD simulation is carried out to investigate the fluid mechanics and performance of needle free injectors powered specifically by compressed air. The motion of the internal mechanisms of the injector which propels a liquid jet through an orifice is simulated by the moving boundar

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30

Huang, Joanne, Ajit J. D'Souza, Jason B. Alarcon, et al. "Protective Immunity in Mice Achieved with Dry Powder Formulation and Alternative Delivery of Plague F1-V Vaccine." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 5 (2009): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00447-08.

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ABSTRACT The potential use of Yersinia pestis as a bioterror agent is a great concern. Development of a stable powder vaccine against Y. pestis and administration of the vaccine by minimally invasive methods could provide an alternative to the traditional liquid formulation and intramuscular injection. We evaluated a spray-freeze-dried powder vaccine containing a recombinant F1-V fusion protein of Y. pestis for vaccination against plaque in a mouse model. Mice were immunized with reconstituted spray-freeze-dried F1-V powder via intramuscular injection, microneedle-based intradermal delivery, o

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31

Ramirez-Argaez, Marco A., and Alberto N. Conejo. "CFD study on the effect of the oxygen lance inclination angle on the decarburization kinetics of liquid steel in the EAF." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 5 (2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021069.

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In Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking the main chemical reaction is the decarburization reaction. This reaction is promoted by the injection of oxygen using supersonic or coherent jets and further chemical reaction with dissolved carbon in liquid steel at high temperatures. A 3D mathematical model to describe the effect of the injection angle, oxygen gas flow rate and number of lances on the decarburization kinetics of molten steel, in the absence of the top slag layer has been developed. The model has been validated using experimental data reported in the literature. The model shows that

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32

Shimada, Shiro, and Kenichi Tsukurimichi. "Preparation of SiNx and composite SiNx–TiN films from alkoxide solutions by liquid injection plasma CVD." Thin Solid Films 419, no. 1-2 (2002): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(02)00768-x.

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33

Senzaki, Yoshihide. "CVD of Zr-Sn-Ti-O Thin Films by Direct Injection of Solventless Liquid Precursor Mixtures." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 3, no. 9 (1999): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1391171.

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34

Aspinall, H. C., J. Gaskell, P. A. Williams, et al. "Growth of Praseodymium Oxide and Praseodymium Silicate Thin Films by Liquid Injection MOCVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 10, no. 2 (2004): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200306282.

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35

Marshall, P. A., R. J. Potter, A. C. Jones, et al. "Growth of Hafnium Aluminate Thin Films by Liquid Injection MOCVD Using Alkoxide Precursors." Chemical Vapor Deposition 10, no. 5 (2004): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200306301.

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36

Dubourdieu, C., E. Rauwel, C. Millon, et al. "Growth by Liquid-Injection MOCVD and Properties of HfO2 Films for Microelectronic Applications." Chemical Vapor Deposition 12, no. 2-3 (2006): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200506397.

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37

Wasem Klein, Felipe, Jean-Roch Huntzinger, Vincent Astié, et al. "Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 15 (March 7, 2024): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.26.

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Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique to characterize nanomaterials because of its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change. The primary purpose of this work is to determine via Raman spectroscopy the average thickness of MoS2 thin films synthesized by direct liquid injection pulsed-pressure chemical vapor deposition (DLI-PP-CVD). Such samples are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm, i.e., well below the laser spot size), with possibly a distribution of thicknesses and twist angles between stacked layers. As an essential prelim

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38

Pan, Shanlin, and Md Anwaruzzaman. "(Invited) Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with Metal Oxide Films Synthesized with Direct Liquid Injection CVD Method." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 39 (2025): 2054. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01392054mtgabs.

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Providing materials solution is the key to address the kinetics challenges for solar water oxidation for storing renewable energy in the chemical form. This presentation will describe water splitting characteristics of several low-cost metal oxide films under photoelectrochemical conditions. These photoactive films are prepared by Direct Liquid Injection-Chemical Vapor Deposition (DLI-CVD) method. Photoelectrochemical water oxidation and reduction characteristics and their stability will be discussed in pristine and doped forms. Photocatalytic activity along with surface mapping in terms of el

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39

Shimada, Shiro, K. Tsukurimichi, Yusuke Takada, and J. Tsujino. "Preparation of TiN-Based Nitride Composite Films from Alkoxide Solution by Liquid Injection Thermal Plasma CVD Method." Key Engineering Materials 264-268 (May 2004): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.49.

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40

Crosbie, M. J., P. J. Wright, D. J. Williams, et al. "Comparison of tantalum precursors for use in liquid injection CVD of thin film oxides, dielectrics and ferroelectrics." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR8 (1999): Pr8–935—Pr8–942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19998118.

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41

O'Kane, R., J. Gaskell, A. C. Jones, et al. "Growth of HfO2 by Liquid Injection MOCVD and ALD Using New Hafnium-Cyclopentadienyl Precursors." Chemical Vapor Deposition 13, no. 11 (2007): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200706589.

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42

Gaskell, J. M., A. C. Jones, P. R. Chalker, et al. "Deposition of Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide High-k Films by Liquid Injection ALD and MOCVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 13, no. 12 (2007): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200706637.

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43

Xue, Rong, Yixiao Ruan, Xiufang Liu, Liang Chen, Liqiang Liu, and Yu Hou. "Numerical Study of the Effects of Injection Fluctuations on Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cooling." Processes 7, no. 9 (2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090564.

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Spray cooling with liquid nitrogen is increasingly utilized as an efficient approach to achieve cryogenic cooling. Effects of injection mass flow rate fluctuations on the evaporation, temperature distribution, and droplet distribution of a spray field were examined by employing a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model. The numerical results indicated that injection fluctuations enhanced the volume-averaging turbulent kinetic energy and promoted the evaporation of the whole spray field. The strengthened mass and heat transfer between the liquid nitrogen droplets and the su

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44

Wong, K. C., S. W. Armfield, and N. Williamson. "Numerical investigation and modelling of the venous injection of sclerosant foam." ANZIAM Journal 60 (November 29, 2019): C261—C278. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v60i0.14099.

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Sclerosant foam, a mixture of a surfactant liquid and air, is injected directly into varicose veins as a treatment that causes the vein to collapse. This investigation develops a model that will allow the medical specialist to visualise how the sclerosant foam will interact with the blood and behave within the vein. The process is simulated using a multiphase computational fluid dynamics model with the sclerosant foam considered as a two-phase non-Newtonian power law viscosity liquid. The governing multiphase equations are solved using an Eulerianâ â€“â Eulerian approach coupled with a popul

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45

Noshad, Shar. "Model the Reservoir Fluid Behavior and Pressure Maintenance Through Gas Cycling in Gas Condensate Reservoir." ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (2018): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13295007.

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Compositional reservoirs (gas-condensate) have complex behaviour. Gas-condensate reservoirs are critical reservoirs in nature. Gas-condensate reservoir has single phase fluid above the dew-point pressure and below the dewpoint pressure has two-phase fluids. In depletion method, reservoir pressure decreases below the dew-point pressure at that pressure two phase-fluid start to form gas and condensate in the reservoir and liquid accumulate around the wellbore that is condensate banking. The accumulation of condensate around the wellbore that blocks the perforated channels and

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46

Drazdauskas, Martynas, and Sergejus Lebedevas. "Optimization of Combustion Cycle Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Gas Emissions of Marine Dual-Fuel Engine by Intensifying Ammonia Injection." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 2 (2024): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020309.

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The capability of operational marine diesel engines to adapt to renewable and low-carbon fuels is considered one of the most influential methods for decarbonizing maritime transport. In the medium and long term, ammonia is positively valued among renewable and low-carbon fuels in the marine transport sector because its chemical elemental composition does not contain carbon atoms which lead to the formation of CO2 emissions during fuel combustion in the cylinder. However, there are number of problematic aspects to using ammonia in diesel engines (DE): in-tensive formation of GHG component N2O;

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47

Lizzoli, Matteo, Walter Borreani, Francesco Devia, Guglielmo Lomonaco, and Mariano Tarantino. "Preliminary CFD Assessment of an Experimental Test Facility Operating with Heavy Liquid Metals." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1949673.

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The CFD analysis of a Venturi nozzle operating in LBE (key component of the CIRCE facility, owned by ENEA) is presented in this paper. CIRCE is a facility developed to investigate in detail the fluid-dynamic behavior of ADS and/or LFR reactor plants. The initial CFD simulations have been developed hand in hand with the comparison with experimental data: the test results were used to confirm the reliability of the CFD model, which, in turn, was used to improve the interpretation of the experimental data. The Venturi nozzle is modeled with a 3D CFD code (STAR-CCM+). Later on, the CFD model has b

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Williams, P. A., A. C. Jones, N. L. Tobin, et al. "Growth of Hafnium Dioxide Thin Films by Liquid-Injection MOCVD Using Alkylamide and Hydroxylamide Precursors." Chemical Vapor Deposition 9, no. 6 (2003): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200306271.

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Burriel, M., G. Garcia, J. Santiso, A. Abrutis, Z. Saltyte, and A. Figueras. "Growth Kinetics, Composition, and Morphology of Co3O4 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Liquid-Injection MOCVD." Chemical Vapor Deposition 11, no. 2 (2005): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200406320.

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Gönczi, Gábor. "Computational fluid dynamics aided optimisation of liquid state antiseptic injection to water networks." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 3 (2014): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.038.

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Abstract:

Waterworks mostly use chlorine as an antiseptic substance. It can be added in gaseous or liquid form. The simplest technique is to use gaseous injection but it carries the most risk as chlorine gas is highly toxic. Therefore, the current trend is to switch to the much safer hypo doser technology, whereby the hypo is injected into the water pipes with injector tubes, similarly to chlorination but the mixing of the antiseptic liquid is more problematic. Correct placement of the inlet and measurement points is indispensable. With the help of the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation not on

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