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Journal articles on the topic 'Debt (Public), United States: Maryland'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Choi, Jason, Duong Dang, Rishabh Kirpalani, and Diego J. Perez. "Exorbitant Privilege and the Sustainability of US Public Debt." AEA Papers and Proceedings 114 (May 1, 2024): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20241067.

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We study the extent to which the perceived cost of losing the exorbitant privilege the United States holds in global safe asset markets sustains its public debt safety. Our findings indicate that losing this special status in the event of a default significantly augments the debt capacity for the United States. Debt levels would be up to 30 percent lower if the United States did not have this special status. Most of this extra debt capacity arises from the loss of convenience yields on Treasuries, which makes debt more expensive following its loss, providing strong incentives to repay debt.

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2

Korobkova, A., and V. Markin. "Specifics US domestic public debt and the implications of increasing its volume." Bulletin of Science and Practice 1(14), no. 286 (2017): 142–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.244239.

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The article addresses the theory of the problem, the peculiarities of an organization of internal borrowing in the United States of America, including public debt and intergovernmental debt, as well as their structure. Special attention is paid to such creditor of the United States as the Federal Reserve Service and its role in the implementation of domestic public borrowing. The following is the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of growth of domestic debt of the United States.

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Mendoza, Enrique G. "The Public Debt Crisis of the United States." Manchester School 85 (July 16, 2017): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12193.

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4

Enekwe, Blessing. "Evaluating Social Services and Refugee Integration in Maryland." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 4 (2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.4.k70007550215k051.

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As a child of immigrants, I have always been interested in issues facing the foreign-born, particularly to the United States. Being exposed to immigrants from around the world helped me understand the different factors that motivated my parents' migration to the United States while realizing that others throughout the world were also heavily impacted by ineffectual home governments. As I delved into political attitudes, international relations, and public policy, my attention continued to turn back to the ways in which policies and attitudes in the United States affect the lives of immigrants.

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5

Tabellini, Guido, and Vincenzo La Via. "Money, Deficit and Public Debt in the United States." Review of Economics and Statistics 71, no. 1 (1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1928047.

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6

Romer, Paul M. "Public debt policies and united states saving A comment." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 23 (January 1985): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(85)90006-5.

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7

MAGOMEDVALIEV, M. I. "ВНЕШНИЙ ДОЛГ США И РОССИИ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ". Экономика и предпринимательство, № 2(151) (31 травня 2023): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.151.2.035.

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Public debt is an important aspect of the world's financial system, and its state has an impact on countries' economy. The article examines the evolution of the Russian Federation's and the United States' public external debt management, as well as the current state of the Russian Federation's and the United States' external public debts, as well as a comparison of the Russian Federation's and the United States' public debts. Государственный долг является важным аспектом мировой финансовой системы, и его состояние оказывает влияние на экономику стран. В статье рассматривается эволюция управлен

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Moroz, Ivanna. "Peculiarities of public debt management policy in the United States of America: experience for Ukraine." ScienceRise, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002040.

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The object of research is the policy of public debt management of the United States of America and Ukraine. The problem solved is the low level of efficiency of the policy of public external and internal debt management of Ukraine in the context of financing economic growth. The main scientific results: based on the analysis of the policy of public debt management of the United States of America, it has been proved, that the public debt and the US budget deficit should be perceived not as a problem or threat to macroeconomic stability, but as a tool to stimulate economic growth. It

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Moroz, Ivanna. "Peculiarities of public debt management policy in the United States of America: experience for Ukraine." ScienceRise, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002040.

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The object of research is the policy of public debt management of the United States of America and Ukraine. The problem solved is the low level of efficiency of the policy of public external and internal debt management of Ukraine in the context of financing economic growth. The main scientific results: based on the analysis of the policy of public debt management of the United States of America, it has been proved, that the public debt and the US budget deficit should be perceived not as a problem or threat to macroeconomic stability, but as a tool to stimulate economic growth. It is substant

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10

عبد الرحيم محمد, مالك, та أ. د. ميثم العيبي إسماعيل. "تحليل الاثار المالية والنقدية لتزايد الدين العام الداخلي في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية للمدة 2002- 2018". Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences 2020, № 67 (2021): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ijes2020.67.4.

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The American economy suffers from a general budget deficit, mainly due to the high public expenditures, especially the military, as the United States of America occupies the first place in the world in the proportion of military spending, and the budget deficit is mainly financed through the sale of government securities, which led to an increase in the volume of public debt In the United States of America, which is a dangerous indicator, especially after interest payments on public debt exceeded the barrier of $ 500 billion for the year 2018, which pushes them to borrow again to finance these

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11

Olateju, Oluwatosin, Deb Dunn, Patricia McLaine, and Sharon Barrett. "Revision of Maryland Minor Consent Law on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Prevention: An Outcome of Advocacy." HIV/AIDS Research and Treatment – Open Journal 7, no. 1 (2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/hartoj-7-134.

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Objectives To date, only few United States (US) states have explicit regulations that allow minors to independently give consent for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) prevention treatments. This manuscript will reflect upon key advocacy efforts leading to the revision of the Maryland Minor Consent Law, evaluate current human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention laws for minors in U.S. states, and highlight resources for health advocacy. Methods Between 2018-2019, public health professionals in Baltimore, Maryland reviewed the

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12

Scherr, Arthur. "“A New Era in the Progress of Liberty and Independence”." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 50, no. 3 (2024): 68–94. https://doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2024.500305.

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Abstract Historians have tended to conclude that North American attitudes were hostile toward the Haitian Revolution in the early nineteenth century. This article argues that, after Haiti was unified under President Jean-Pierre Boyer in 1820, public opinion expressed in various newspapers across the United States accepted and even applauded events in Haiti. Impressed by the apparent stability Boyer's regime brought to Haiti, North Americans even recommended that government authorities consider laws to emancipate enslaved Blacks in the United States and send them to Haiti. Evidence drawn from p

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13

Jiang, Zhengyang, Hanno Lustig, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, and Mindy Z. Xiaolan. "The U.S. Public Debt Valuation Puzzle." Econometrica 92, no. 4 (2024): 1309–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta20497.

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The government budget constraint ties the market value of government debt to the expected present discounted value of fiscal surpluses. We find evidence that U.S. Treasury investors fail to impose this no‐arbitrage restriction in the United States. Both cyclical and long‐run dynamics of tax revenues and government spending make the surplus claim risky. In a realistic asset pricing model, this risk in surpluses creates a large gap between the market value of debt and its fundamental value, the PDV of surpluses, suggesting that U.S. Treasuries may be overpriced.

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Zhukov, P. E. "Money Supply, Inflation and Budget Deficit in Russia Compared to the United States." Review of Business and Economics Studies 11, no. 4 (2024): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2023-11-4-72-83.

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The author examines the causes and sources of the depreciation of money in Russia compared with that in the United States. The subject is causal connections between the budget deficit, money supply, and the depreciation of money. The relevance of the research for Russia is determined by concerns about macroeconomic stability and high inflation. In the case of the United States, an increase in the money supply and an inflation spike occurred because of the debt financing of the federal budget deficit. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in considering the two main options for monetary poli

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15

Mah, Gisele. "The governance of federal debt in the United States of America." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no. 1 (2017): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i1art12.

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The United State of America has been experiencing high debt to GDP ratio of more than 100% and these Public debts are detrimental. The main purpose of this study was to examine the shocks of the variables on others in the USA economy by using quarterly data. The variance decomposition and the Generalised Impulse Response Function techniques were employed to analyse the data. The result revealed that high variation of shocks in real federal debt is explained by their own innovations in the short run, by CPI followed by real federal debt its self. In the long run, this leads to CPI and real gove

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16

Equiza-Goñi, Juan. "SOVEREIGN DEBT IN THE UNITED STATES AND GROWTH EXPECTATIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, no. 2 (2018): 447–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000330.

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This paper shows empirical evidence and theory consistent with the US government using debt optimally to adjust the federal budget to news about long-term growth. First, using historical forecasts from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) since 1984, I find that government purchases and deficits are positively correlated with expectations about long-term productivity, real gross domestic product, and tax revenue growth, whereas tax receipts are negatively correlated. A structural vector autoregression estimated with US quarterly data in 1955–2015 identifies permanent and transitory productivi

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17

Carlson, Susan M. "The U.S. Student Loan Debt Crisis: State Crime or State-Produced Harm?" Journal of White Collar and Corporate Crime 1, no. 2 (2020): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631309x20921567.

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The unprecedented US$1.64 trillion level of student loan debt in the United States can be linked to the neoliberal process of privatization of higher education. But is the U.S. student loan debt crisis a state crime? This article examines the social harm student loan debt has caused; proposes an explanation for the shift to debt-financed, commodified public higher education; reveals government disinvestment in public higher education; details the transition of public higher education as a public good to higher education as a commodity financed with debt; and describes Obama administration refo

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18

Delaume, Georges R. "The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and Public Debt Litigation: Some Fifteen Years Later." American Journal of International Law 88, no. 2 (1994): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204099.

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The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Republic of Argentina v. Weltover, Inc. is an invitation to reassess the impact of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) upon public debt litigation. In contrast with other activities of foreign states, which have been the object of extensive and continuing litigation, barely two dozen cases involving public debt disputes have been reported since the FSIA took effect. Whether this situation is attributable to the care with which transnational loan documents are usually drafted or to some other reasons, including possibly the contemporary

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19

Santos Moizinho, Luzelia Calegari, Kárem Cristina de Sousa Ribeiro, and Flavio Barboza. "Public debt issuance and corporate governance in the United States and Brazil." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 4 (2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4p2.

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Debentures are important financing resources for U.S. and Brazilian companies. The manner of securing a debenture can improve a company’s capital structure and maintain its ownership structure while diversify risk. Most credible companies have better opportunities because they implement good corporate governance practices that tend to provide instruments to ensure greater protection for their creditors. Motivated by this, our research makes a multi-case analysis of Brazilian and American companies with respect to the characteristics of their corporate governance mechanisms during security emis

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20

Frazer, William, Donald R. Stabile, and Jeffrey A. Cantor. "The Public Debt of the United States: An Historical Perspective, 1775-1990." Southern Economic Journal 59, no. 2 (1992): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1060545.

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21

HORRIGAN, BRIAN R. "THE DETERMINANTS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1953-1978." Economic Inquiry 24, no. 1 (1986): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1986.tb01794.x.

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22

Batomen, Brice, Elizabeth Sweet, and Arijit Nandi. "Social inequalities, debt, and health in the United States." SSM - Population Health 13 (March 2021): 100736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100736.

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23

Chuvakhina, L. G., and L. M. Kupriyanova. "Debt Policy in Modern Conditions of the world Economy Development." World of new economy 16, no. 3 (2022): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-3-85-95.

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The purpose of this article is to identify the main subjects of the debt economy of Russia and the USA. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the disclosure of the mechanism of activity of the US Federal Reserve System (FRS) as a subject of the debt economy, the main holder of public debt and the guarantor of dollar fnancing. The article considers measures of federal budget support, defnes the conditions of growth of federal debt of the United States, the inﬂuence of the fnancial policy of the FRS on the state of public debt. The author’s position on strengthening the role of the FRS in

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24

Kia, Amir. "Impact of Public Debt, Deficit and Debt Financing on Private Investment in a Large Country: Evidence from the United States." World Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (2020): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/wjae.6.2.3.

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This paper analyses the direct impact of fiscal variables on private investment. The current literature ignores one or more fiscal variables and, in many cases, the foreign financing of debt. In this paper, an aggregate investment function for an economy in which firms incur adjustment costs in their investment process is developed. The developed model incorporates the direct impact of government expenditure, public debt and investment, deficits and foreign-financed debt on private investment. The model is tested on US data. It is found that public investment does not have any impact on privat

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25

Chuvakhina, Larisa G. "THE IMPACT OF SLOWING ECONOMIC GROWTH ON ITS ENERGY INTENSITY." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1 (2022): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2022-1-06.

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The article examines the US budget policy, reveals the reasons for the growth of public debt. It is emphasized that, despite the annual persistence of the budget imbalance and the ever-growing public debt, the US economy is gradually emerging from the crisis caused by COVID19. The impossibility of a default in the United States with a very significant public debt can be explained by the peculiarity of the effective mechanism of the US Federal Reserve for the implementation of monetary policy. The financial regulator can issue dollars at any time by buying government bonds. In other words, the

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Ari, Ibrahim, and Muammer Koc. "Sustainable Financing for Sustainable Development: Understanding the Interrelations between Public Investment and Sovereign Debt." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 3901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113901.

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This study investigates the causal relationship between public investment and sovereign debt (i.e., external and domestic public debt) with respect to the limits of public-debt sustainability for four countries with the highest GDP (i.e., the United States, China, Japan, Germany) during the period of 2000–2015. In summary, this study establishes quantitative evidence based on empirical findings to support the claim that sovereign debt is harmful to the financing of public infrastructure if it breaches certain thresholds, as proposed in this study, and according to the literature. By this appro

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Davydov, Andrey. "Inflation in the United States: Will it Come Back?" Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 3 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760026337-7.

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This article covers the major trends and changes in consumer price development in the US economy during 2022-2023. The major incentive for American inflation is a great increase in the budget deficit and public debt. The author considers that further growth of federal debt will become an obstacle to the problem of inflation targeting. Presently Federal Reserve System is financing government debt by purchasing Treasure notes. To provide these activities FRS has to increase money volume in circulation. In fact this monetary policy has significant negative effects on US inflation. Traditional cor

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Richard, Patrick, Nilam Patel, Yuan-Chiao Lu, Regine Walker, and Mustafa Younis. "The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073790.

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This study examined the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the likelihood of having any out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt, and the amounts of OOPC and medical debt, at the household level. We used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a continuous, representative panel survey that collects demographic, economic, and social data in the United States. The analytic sample included head of households and their spouse (if married), 18–64 years old. Two-part models were used. The first part consisted of logistic regression models and the second part consisted of generalized

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Mason, J. W., and Arjun Jayadev. "“Fisher Dynamics” in US Household Debt, 1929–2011." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 6, no. 3 (2014): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.6.3.214.

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The evolution of debt-income ratios over time depends on income growth, inflation, and interest rates, independent of any changes in borrowing. We examine the effect of these “Fisher dynamics” on household debt-income ratios in the United States over the period 1929–2011. Adapting a standard decomposition of public debt to household sector debt, we show that these factors explain, in accounting terms, a large fraction of the changes in household debt-income ratios observed historically. More recently, debt defaults have also been important. Changes in household debt-income ratios over time can

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Park, Chulwoo, and Eric Coles. "The Impact of Student Debt on Career Choices among Doctor of Public Health Graduates in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (2022): 4836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084836.

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(1) Background: As gaps in the public health workforce grow in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, graduates of the schools of public health, especially Doctors of Public Health (DrPH), are poised to offer relief. While there are some known recruitment issues, student debt and debt impact on career choices are understudied. (2) Methods: In the present study, we perform a descriptive analysis of the potential impact of student debt on career choices among DrPH students and alumni in the United States using a cross-sectional national online survey. A total of 203 participants (66: alumni and 137:

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Boskin, Michael J., and Laurence J. Kotlikoff. "Public debt and United States saving: A new test of the neutrality hypothesis." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 23 (January 1985): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(85)90005-3.

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32

Selmanaj, Dr Sc Selman, Donika Limani, and Pëllumb Reshidi. "A macro analysis of the united states recoverywith a particular focus on public debt." ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 1 (2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.162.

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The intention of this paper is to analyze the lingering effects of the 2008 crisis in the United States and the implication they have on the policies undertaken by the Obama administration. A particular focus is given to the debt accumulation and how that relates to the challenges of the long run development of the American economy. The first part of this paper will give a brief overview of some of the elements central to the causes of the crisis, namely the centralization of wealth and its implication for the unsustainable consumption patterns. It will then follow to consider how the previous

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33

Wielechowski, Michał. "General government deficit and public debt in EU member states." Oeconomia Copernicana 2, no. 4 (2011): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2011.016.

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The aim of this article is the presentation and the attempt to analyse such phenomena as: an excessive general government deficit and public debt in EU Member States over the past 3 years. For the European Union the years 2008-2010 were the time when public finances of most member countries worsened dramatically. The average budget deficit in the EU increased during that period to a value of almost 7% compared to gross domestic product and public debt reached almost 80% of GDP. Referring the numbers to the principles of the budgetary policy in the Treaty on the European Union (the deficit shou

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Garcia, Manuel Jaen. "The Sustainability of Public Finances in Spain." Applied Economics and Finance 7, no. 6 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i6.5054.

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Concern regarding deficits in the public accounts in Europe and the United States has led politicians and researchers to consider sustainability of fiscal policy understood as the fulfillment of the intertemporal budget constraint established by the government which indicates the extent to which accumulated and future debt can be paid for by means of current and future taxes, and also cover standard public expenditures.The present article analyzes the sustainability of the national deficit in Spain for the period 1960-2016 by considering public revenue and spending in both real terms and perce

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35

Aguzarova, Larisa A., and Batraz O. Cheldiev. "The Impact of Government Debt Obligations on the Financial Stability of Russia and Individual European Countries." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2024-2-109-116.

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The article is devoted to the impact of government debt obligations on the financial stability of the country and to the analysis of methods for effectively reducing the debt burden on the budget of Russia and a number of European countries. The subject of the study is the public debt of Russia and individual European countries. Studying methods for effectively managing state debt obligations allows us to identify good practices both in Russia and in European countries. When writing this article, the analytical method, graphical analysis, comparison and generalization were used. The financial

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Cravens, L. Daniel. "Marketing’s Debt to World War I." International Journal of Business & Management Studies 05, no. 02 (2024): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v5n2a8.

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World War I was a global conflict produced blood filled trenches, battlefields of dead, and mangled soldiers. Some may feel that this war has little to do with the field of marketing. However, marketing played a key role in the war. Despite the important role of marketing in the war, scholars have not fully explored the impact of promotion and propaganda on the war effort. Marketing efforts related to World War I may not have had the impact as the millions of soldiers who took active part in the conflict. It did however play an important role in the filling the ranks of the armed forces of the

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Bhattacharjee, Subhomoy, and Dakshita Das. "Trends in Public Debt in India: Lessons from Greek Crisis?" Journal of Development Policy and Practice 2, no. 1 (2017): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133316676418.

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There is not much new in the divide in economic literature between fiscal and monetary policy; what is new post-2008 is the emergence of the role of money supply and that of public debt to prominence as the instrument of choice for central banks and the government treasury. To a large degree, money supply and public debt now eclipsed the central role variables such as tax and interest rates had played in the setting of economic policies in countries both developed and developing. While literature is evaluating how the change in the role of these stock parameters to that of policy variables wil

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Passaretti, C. L., P. Barclay, P. Pronovost, and T. M. Perl. "Public Reporting of Health Care–Associated Infections (HAIs): Approach to Choosing HAI Measures." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 8 (2011): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660873.

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Objective.To develop a method for selecting health care–associated infection (HAI) measures for public reporting.Context.HAIs are common, serious, and costly adverse outcomes of medical care that affect 2 million people in the United States annually. Thirty-seven states have introduced or passed legislation requiring public reporting of HAI measures. State legislation varies widely regarding which HAIs to report, how the data are collected and reported, and public availability of results.Design.The Maryland Health Care Commission developed an HAI Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) that consist

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Vasiliev, V. S. "Federal debt pyramid and record budget deficits as a threat to national security of the USA." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2211-04.

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The article analyzes the transformation of the problem of federal debt and budget defi cits in the United States from a sphere that has a purely economic dimension to the most acute task of ensuring the US national security. It is emphasized that the main demarcation line that predetermined the distinction between the purely economic dimension of the problem of debts and defi cits and national economic security was the ratio of federal debt to GDP, equal to 119 %, recorded in the mid-1940s after the end of World War II. This indicator was considered a benchmark for the historical strength and

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Misztal, Piotr. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in the European Union. Empirical Investigation." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (January 5, 2021): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.21.

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The relatively high sizes of public debts in many of the world's member states have led to frequentdebates concerning the influence of public debt on economic growth. Analyzing economic literature it can beseen, that theoretical and empirical considerations on this topic are divided into three main parties. The firstpart of analyzes is the work of the Keynesians, which emphasizes that the budget deficit as well as the publicdebt positively affects the economic development of the country, mainly through the impact of the budgetexpenditure multiplier. The opposite view on budget deficits and pub

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Ehart, Charles W., and Donald A. Forrer. "Evolution Of Direct Shipping Of Wine In The United States -- Economic, Legal And Political Considerations." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 4 (2012): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i4.6900.

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The study examines the effort of wine producers and others in the United States to permit direct shipping of wine to consumers bypassing the traditional three-tier system, where product typically flows from the supplier, to the wholesaler, to the retailer, and ultimately the consumer. The case study places an emphasis on the economic, legal and political issues that have been faced by state legislatures when considering proposals to permit direct shipping. The analysis will discuss the history and evolution of public policies and state laws in the past three decades and will focus on the Maryl

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Buckelew Cumming, Anne, Michael Galvin, Robert Rabaglia, Jonathan Cumming, and Daniel Twardus. "Forest Health Monitoring Protocol Applied to Roadside Trees in Maryland." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 27, no. 3 (2001): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2001.015.

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The Maryland Roadside Tree Law places trees in all public road rights-of-way in the State of Maryland, U.S., under the jurisdiction of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources-Forest Service. Passed in 1914, this law is one of the oldest tree conservation laws in the United States. However, little statistical data have ever been generated related to Maryland's roadside trees. This paper provides a methodology for assessing the condition of roadside trees by combining GIS tools, rights-of-way definitions, and components of a national forest health monitoring program. The assessment of roads

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Aksenov, P. A. "TRUMP’S TAX REFORM AND AMERICAN BUSINESS." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-91-103.

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The key aim of the Trump’s large-scale tax reform is to stimulate economic growth by lowering tax rates and providing tax deductions. The article examines the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on American business and macroeconomic indicators. Reduced tax rates create significant advantages for companies doing business in the United States. Companies, primarily small businesses, expected to use additional cash for capital investments and development. Lowering tax rates will attract large corporations to invest in opening new facilities in the United States. The author analyzed the expert ass

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Hormel, Leontina, and Lynn M. McAlister. "“These Are the Choices We’ve Made”." Humanity & Society 41, no. 3 (2016): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597616639623.

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This study uses surveys and in-depth interviews to explore professors’ student loan debt experiences at a university in the Northwest United States, focusing attention on their perceptions of fellow colleagues’ experiences. Having been long-term students in higher education themselves, professors’ student loan debt has increased with the trend toward privatization and corporatization of higher education over the last several decades. Interviews reveal professors’ tendency to disassociate their colleagues’ student loan debt experiences from the public issue of rising higher education costs. We

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Emman, Dabaja, and Macki Mohamed. "Doctors of debt: Cutting or capping the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF) hurts physicians in training." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 2, no. 2 (2018): 33–35. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.public-service-loan-orgiveness-program.

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Growing medical student debt has increased reliance on government loan forgiveness plans like the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF). Evidence suggests that delayed financial gratification in addition to stagnant resident salaries has exacerbated problems related to salary gaps and burnout. Although capping the PSLF may help curb national debt in the United States Department of Education, in the case of medical students, this policy is misplaced. The objective of this review is to discuss the implications of capping the PSLF program on medical student education. Policy reform shoul

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Barrett, Tristam. "“Your debts are our problem”." Focaal 2020, no. 87 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.012801.

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AbstractUnlike in other countries with debt-saddled populations, the issue of consumer debt has been weakly politicized in Azerbaijan. There have been no social movements of the kind that occurred around the financial crises in the United States, the European periphery, or even in Ukraine's post-revolution attempt at a “financial Maidan.” The lack of a public politics of debt left banks to act as predators, using a weak court system to intimidate people and obtain repayment of debts. Yet the constraints to the public sphere within which a contentious politics might unfold does not mean no such

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Beck, Angela J., Jonathon P. Leider, Heather Krasna, and Beth A. Resnick. "Monetary and Nonmonetary Costs and Benefits of a Public Health Master’s Degree in the 21st Century." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 7 (2020): 978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305648.

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As postsecondary tuition and debt levels continue to rise, the value proposition of higher education has been increasingly called into question by the popular media and the general public. Recent data from the National Center for Education Statistics now show early career earnings and debt, by program, for thousands of institutions across the United States. This comes at an inflection point for public health education—master’s degrees have seen 20 years of growth, but forecasts now call for, at best, stagnation. Forces inside and outside the field of public health are shifting supply and deman

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Kenworthy, Nora, and Mark Igra. "Medical Crowdfunding and Disparities in Health Care Access in the United States, 2016‒2020." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 3 (2022): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306617.

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Objectives. To assess whether medical crowdfunding use and outcomes are aligned with health financing needs in the United States. Methods. We collected data on 437 596 US medical GoFundMe campaigns between 2016 and 2020. In addition to summarizing trends in campaign initiation and earnings, we used state- and county-level data to assess whether crowdfunding usage and earnings were higher in areas with greater medical debt, uninsured populations, and poverty. Results. Campaigns raised more than $2 billion from 21.7 million donations between 2016 and 2020. Returns were highly unequal, and succes

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Schoch-Spana, Monica, Emily K. Brunson, Howard Gwon, Alan Regenberg, Eric S. Toner, and Elizabeth L. Daugherty-Biddison. "Influence of Community and Culture in the Ethical Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in a Pandemic Situation: Deliberative Democracy Study." Journal of Participatory Medicine 12, no. 1 (2020): e18272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18272.

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Background Stark gaps exist between projected health needs in a pandemic situation and the current capacity of health care and medical countermeasure systems. Existing pandemic ethics discussions have advocated to engage the public in scarcity dilemmas and attend the local contexts and cultural perspectives that shape responses to a global health threat. This public engagement study thus considers the role of community and culture in the ethical apportionment of scarce health resources, specifically ventilators, during an influenza pandemic. It builds upon a previous exploration of the values

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Doroudi, Maryam, Diarmuid Coughlan, Matthew P. Banegas, and K. Robin Yabroff. "Is cancer history associated with asset ownership, debt, and net worth in the United States?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e18085-e18085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18085.

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e18085 Background: Financial hardships experienced by cancer survivors in the United States have become significant social and public health issues. Few studies have assessed the underlying financial holdings, including ownership and values of assets and debts, of individuals following a cancer diagnosis. This study assessed the association between a cancer history and asset ownership, debt, and net worth. Methods: We identified 1,603 cancer survivors and 34,915 individuals without a history of cancer aged 18-64 from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Househo

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