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Journal articles on the topic 'Delinquency/Recidivism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Barrett, David E., Antonis Katsiyannis, Dalun Zhang, and Dake Zhang. "Delinquency and Recidivism." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 22, no. 1 (2013): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426612470514.

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Stoolmiller, Mike, and Elaine A. Blechman. "Substance Use is a Robust Predictor of Adolescent Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 3 (2005): 302–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804274372.

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How well does substance use predict adolescent recidivism? When the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to officially recorded first rearrest of 505 juvenile offenders, a best-fitting complex multivariate model indicated that: (a) parent reports that youths “often” use substances more than doubles first rearrest risk, (b) averaged youth and parent substance use reports predict recidivism better than a single source, (c) parent or youth denial of youth substance use predicts recidivism, (d) age at first arrest does not predict recidivism, (e) non-White/non-Asians have a 79% higher recidivism risk than peers, (f) parent-reported delinquency predicts recidivism with declining accuracy, and (g) substance use robustly predicts recidivism despite prior reported delinquency, gender, ethnicity, age, follow-up time, or data source. Findings are related to host-provocation theory.

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de Vries, Sanne L. A., Machteld Hoeve, Jessica J. Asscher, and Geert Jan J. M. Stams. "The Long-Term Effects of the Youth Crime Prevention Program “New Perspectives” on Delinquency and Recidivism." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 12 (2018): 3639–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17751161.

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New Perspectives (NP) aims to prevent persistent criminal behavior. We examined the long-term effectiveness of NP and whether the effects were moderated by demographic and delinquency factors. At-risk youth aged 12 to 19 years were randomly assigned to the intervention group (NP, n = 47) or care as usual (CAU, n = 54). Official and self-report data were collected to assess recidivism. NP was not more effective in reducing delinquency levels and recidivism than CAU. Also, no moderator effects were found. The overall null effects are discussed, including further research and policy implications.

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Hanson, R. Karl. "Will They Do It Again?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 9, no. 3 (2000): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00071.

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This article reviews the empirical research on the prediction of reoffending among sexual offenders. The major predictors of sexual-offense recidivism are factors related to sexual deviance (e.g., deviant sexual preferences, previous sex crimes) and, to a lesser extent, criminal lifestyle (e.g., antisocial personality disorder, total number of prior offenses). The factors that predict general recidivism among sex offenders are the same as the factors that predict general recidivism among nonsexual criminals (e.g., juvenile delinquency, prior violent offenses). Given that there are special predictors of sexual recidivism, evaluators should consider separately the risk for sexual and non-sexual recidivism.

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Zijlmans, Josjan, Reshmi Marhe, Floor Bevaart, et al. "The predictive value of neurobiological measures for recidivism in delinquent male young adults." Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 46, no. 2 (2021): E271—E280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200103.

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Background: Neurobiological measures have been associated with delinquent behaviour, but little is known about the predictive power of these measures for criminal recidivism and whether they have incremental value over and above demographic and behavioural measures. This study examined whether selected measures of autonomic functioning, functional neuroimaging and electroencephalography predict overall and serious recidivism in a sample of 127 delinquent young adults. Methods: We assessed demographics; education and intelligence; previous delinquency and drug use; behavioural traits, including aggression and psychopathy; and neurobiological measures, including heart rate, heart rate variability, functional brain activity during an inhibition task and 2 electroencephalographic measures of error-processing. We tested longitudinal associations with recidivism using Cox proportional hazard models and predictive power using C-indexes. Results: Past offences, long-term cannabis use and reactive aggression were strongly associated with recidivism, as were resting heart rate and error-processing. In the predictive model, demographics, past delinquency, drug use and behavioural traits had moderate predictive power for overall and for serious recidivism (C-index over 30 months [fraction of pairs in the data, where the higher observed survival time was correctly predicted]: C30 = 0.68 and 0.75, respectively). Neurobiological measures significantly improved predictive power (C30 = 0.72 for overall recidivism and C30 = 0.80 for serious recidivism). Limitations: Findings cannot be generalized to females, and follow-up was limited to 4 years. Conclusion: Demographic and behavioural characteristics longitudinally predicted recidivism in delinquent male young adults, and neurobiological measures improved the models. This led to good predictive function, particularly for serious recidivism. Importantly, the most feasible measures (autonomic functioning and electroencephalography) proved to be useful neurobiological predictors.

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Wolf, Angela M., and Christopher Hartney. "A Portrait of Detained Youth in the State of Hawaii." Crime & Delinquency 51, no. 2 (2005): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128704273929.

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Until a recently perceived surge in delinquency, Asian or Pacific Islander (API) youth appeared to be relatively protected from negative developmental outcomes such as delinquency, school failure, and teen pregnancy. However, the increasing rate of API youth entering the juvenile justice system has sparked more in-depth consideration of delinquency in the API population. This article describes relevant characteristics of the predominantly API youth detained in Hawaii’s only youth detention facility and examines their recidivism rate after release.

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Dam, Coleta van, Jan M. A. M. Janssens, and Eric E. J. De Bruyn. "PEN, Big Five, juvenile delinquency and criminal recidivism." Personality and Individual Differences 39, no. 1 (2005): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.016.

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Stewart, Chris, Lisa Rapp, and Lori Drum. "The Relationship of Spirituality and Mental Health to Recidivism." Social Work & Christianity 46, no. 4 (2019): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v46i4.105.

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This study examined the relationship of adolescent spirituality and mental health to recidivism in a sample of incarcerated adolescent males. Mental health has been strongly linked to adolescent problematic behavior, including delinquency and subsequent recidivism. Adolescent spirituality however, has not been explored to the same degree as mental health. There is little understanding for example, as to whether spirituality may act as a protective factor in regard to adolescent recidivism; particularly in the presence of other important factors. Both multidimensional measures and a longitudinal design were employed to explore spirituality and mental health during participation in, and after discharge from, a boot camp. Results support the likely importance of adolescent spirituality as a protective factor in regard to recidivism.

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Richter, Paul, Heinz Scheurer, Winfried Barnett, and Hans Ludwig Kröber. "Forecasting Recidivism in Delinquency by Intelligence and Related Constructs." Medicine, Science and the Law 36, no. 4 (1996): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600413.

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In a longitudinal survey of 122 healthy criminal offenders aged 18 to 37 years, the relationship between intelligence measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), neuropsychological scales and delinquency was investigated. The Benton Test correlates well with the WAIS and moderately with offence data, but not with recidivism in delinquency. The 122 men had normal intelligence test scores (average IQ=102), but bad school and working records. The 34 per cent and 60 per cent respectively of offenders, who relapsed within the time span of 1.5 and 3 years respectively, showed significantly worse results in the Verbal Scale and in the Block Design of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Poor performance in the Information and the Block Design sub-tests of the WAIS, a low level of formal education and the belief in external control by circumstances and powerful others are predictors of a high risk of recidivism.

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Katsiyannis, Antonis, Joseph B. Ryan, Dalun Zhang, and Anastasia Spann. "Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism: The Impact of Academic Achievement." Reading & Writing Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2008): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10573560701808460.

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Ryan, Joseph P., Abigail B. Williams, and Mark E. Courtney. "Adolescent Neglect, Juvenile Delinquency and the Risk of Recidivism." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42, no. 3 (2013): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9906-8.

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Kovaleva, N. S. "CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIME OF MINORS WOMEN IN RUSSIA." Issues of Law 20, no. 2 (2020): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/pro-prava200215.

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In the conditions of crisis in the economy, problems related to the actual state of crime of minor women are investigated. The article considers the main aspects of juvenile delinquency in the Russian Federation: the dynamics of juvenile delinquency indicators for 5 years (from 2014 to 2019) is given, quantitative indicators of crimes that are most often committed by underage girls are analyzed, and features that characterize juvenile delinquency , attention is paid to female recidivism. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the features of this type of crime are revealed, as well as a tendency to increase the criminal activity of female minors.

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Dembo, Richard, Linda Williams, Jeffrey Fagan, and James Schmeidler. "Development and Assessment of a Classification of High Risk Youths." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 1 (1994): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400103.

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Cluster analysis is applied to substance use and delinquency data collected in a longitudinal study of juvenile detainees to empirically derive five groups of youths from information gathered at their initial interviews (time 1): alcohol/marijuana-hashish users, low-level delinquents, alcohol/ marijuana-hashish and cocaine-using nondelinquents, high delinquency, cocaine users, and heavy cocaine-using nondelinquents. The validity of the typology was supported by a variety of other initial interview and follow-up interview alcohol/other drug use and delinquency data, and by recidivism information — including data on arrests during the three-and-a-half years following the date of the youths' first interviews. Research and policy implications of the findings are drawn.

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VILLENEUVE, DAVID B., and VERNON L. QUINSEY. "Predictors of General and Violent Recidivism among Mentally Disordered Inmates." Criminal Justice and Behavior 22, no. 4 (1995): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854895022004004.

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One hundred and twenty male inmates who had been released from a maximum-security inpatient psychiatric unit of a federal penitentiary were followed for an average of 92 months. Seventy-eight percent of the sample were arrested for any offense, and 50% were arrested for a violent offense. An actuarial instrument developed using Nuffield's (1982) method correlated .43 with violent recidivism, resulting in 32% relative improvement over chance. The predictors of violent recidivism in this instrument were the following: juvenile delinquency, younger age at release, drugs involved in offenses, violent convictions, separation from parents before age 16, alcohol involved in offenses, criminal versatility, short periods of employment, and no psychotic illness. These results support those of earlier follow-up studies, in particular, the negative association between psychosis and violent recidivism in high-risk samples and the use of actuarial instruments for appraising the long-term risk of violent recidivism.

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Onifade, Eyitayo, Jodi Petersen, Timothy S. Bynum, and William S. Davidson. "Multilevel Recidivism Prediction." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 8 (2011): 840–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811407026.

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Risk assessments such as the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) that predict delinquency outcomes based on proximal risk factors may benefit from an incorporation of distal risk factors in their prediction models. This study utilized a juvenile probationer sample and block group SES data in exploring the differential predictive validity of the YLS/CMI with youth of similar person-centered risk levels from different criminogenic neighborhood types. The study entailed an exploratory factor analysis of block group socioeconomic variables, which were used in a cluster analysis to create criminogenic neighborhood typology system. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship among recidivism (Level 1), risk score (Level 1), neighborhood SES factors (Level 2), and neighborhood types (Level 2). Significant interactions were found across levels among variables, suggesting the risk—recidivism relationship was moderated by neighborhood socioeconomic ecology. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

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FENDRICH, MICHAEL, and MELANIE ARCHER. "Long-Term Rearrest Rates in a Sample of Adjudicated Delinquents: Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Programs." Prison Journal 78, no. 4 (1998): 360–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885598078004002.

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The authors assess the impact of training school versus alternative program placements for a 12-year period on 266 youths remanded to the Texas Youth Commission in 1983. A proportional-hazards model is used to predict time until recidivism as a function of individual characteristics, criminal history, family environment, program placement, and delinquency risk. Being male, of younger age at the time of commitment, and in an institutional program prior to parole are found to significantly increase the hazard of recidivism. Although program experience does not affect the overall incidence of recidivism, it does affect the timing of subsequent criminal acts. Youth placed in alternative programs have significantly longer survival time until recidivism compared to youth who have been in institutions. In addition, these effects are greatest for the youngest offenders. An important benefit of alternative programs may be to lengthen a window of opportunity for additional rehabilitative efforts and interventions during parole.

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Loeber, Rolf, and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber. "La prédiction de la délinquance." Criminologie 19, no. 2 (2005): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017240ar.

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The paper presents the results of a meta-analysis to analyze which predictors of delinquency in males and females are consistently evident from longitudinal studies, and how the predictors compare in their predictive efficiency. The results show that a variety of conduct problems but also conditions within the family are predictive of later delinquency in general, recidivism, or serious offenses. As a rule, composite indicators of risk factors outperformed single indicators. Data is presented on the early identification of chronic offenders. The results are critically examined in terms of error rates, and in terms of future directions for research.

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Wolff, Kevin T., Michael T. Baglivio, and Alex R. Piquero. "The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders in Community-Based Treatment." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 11 (2015): 1210–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15613992.

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a key risk factor for a range of negative life outcomes, including delinquency. Much less is known about how exposure to negative experiences relates to continued offending among juvenile offenders. In this study, we examine the effect of ACEs on recidivism in a large sample of previously referred youth from the State of Florida who were followed for 1 year after participation in community-based treatment. Results from a series of Cox hazard models suggest that ACEs increase the risk of subsequent arrest, with a higher prevalence of ACEs leading to a shorter time to recidivism. The relationship between ACEs and recidivism held quite well in demographic-specific analyses. Implications for empirical research on the long-term effects of traumatic childhood events and juvenile justice policy are discussed.

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Rubino, Laura L., Valerie R. Anderson, and Christina A. Campbell. "An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Truancy Court." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 1 (2019): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719847456.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of race/ethnicity on recidivism outcomes with a sample of juveniles involved with a truancy court. Three regression models were conducted to examine the influence of race/ethnicity on receiving any new court petition ( N = 1,206), including petitions for delinquency offenses or any new status offense petition within 2 years of their initial contact with the court. Results suggest that racial/ethnic disparities exist for juveniles involved in truancy court, especially with regard to new delinquency petitions. These findings are important to take into consideration to understand how truancy courts may facilitate the school-to-prison pipeline for non-White youth.

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Lewamdowski, Lisa M., and Alida S. Westman. "Social Support Desired vs Received by High School Students in or not in a Delinquency Prevention Program." Psychological Reports 78, no. 1 (1996): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.111.

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A comparison between 34 adolescents in a court-referred program for prevention of delinquency and 89 students not in the program but from the same high school showed that the students in the program were more likely to receive the social support they desired. Given the program's low rate of recidivism, the role of social support needs to be replicated and explored further.

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Izenman, Alan J., Philip W. Harris, Jeremy Mennis, Joseph Jupin, and Zoran Obradovic. "Local spatial biclustering and prediction of urban juvenile delinquency and recidivism." Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4, no. 3 (2011): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sam.10123.

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Barrett, David E., Song Ju, Antonis Katsiyannis, and Dalun Zhang. "Females in the Juvenile Justice System: Influences on Delinquency and Recidivism." Journal of Child and Family Studies 24, no. 2 (2013): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9853-8.

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Latimer, Jeff. "A meta-analytic examination of youth delinquency, family treatment, and recidivism." Canadian Journal of Criminology 43, no. 2 (2001): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.43.2.237.

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Kiriakidis, Stavros P. "Chronic adolescents and young offenders: An overview of research findings." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 16, no. 3 (2007): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00002347.

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SummaryAims– The present paper is an overview of studies examining chronic, persistent offending and recidivism in adolescents and young offenders.Methods– The review focused on published papers dealing with chronic offending of adolescents and young offenders.Results– The paper provides the picture on definition on juvenile delinquency, definition of recidivism, measurement and operationalisation of recidivism, definition of chronic offenders, correlates and predictors of chronic offending, differences and similarities between chronic and non-chronic offenders, possible genetic influences in chronic offending, proportion of criminal activity attributed to chronic young offenders, factors differentially associated with initiation, escalation, persistence and desistance in juvenile offending.Conclusions– Overall the boundaries of the sociological approach to the study of chronic offending are stressed and the possible advantages of employing a social psychological approach to the study of chronic offending are noted.Declaration of Interest: The research of this article was financially supported by the Greek State Scholarships Foundation. There is no potential conflict of interest related to the present paper.

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Wright, Emily M., Ryan Spohn, and Michael Campagna. "Responding to Crossover Youth: A Look Beyond Recidivism Outcomes." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 18, no. 4 (2020): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204020922887.

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Crossover youth are involved in both child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM) promotes collaboration between these systems to inform decision making between the two agencies and better serve these youth. Yet, few outcome evaluations of the CYPM exist, especially those that assess outcomes beyond recidivism, such as case dispositions, case closure, or placement or living situations. This study examined whether the CYPM ( n = 210) decreased recidivism and increased system/case responses and positive outcomes among youth within 9–18 months after the youth’s initial arrest relative to a comparison group of crossover youth ( n = 425) who were arrested 1 year before the CYPM was implemented. Overall, the findings suggest that the CYPM in the jurisdiction under study dismisses or diverts crossover youth more often, closes delinquency cases more often, and leads to more home placements than was previously done in the jurisdiction, but it does not significantly reduce recidivism.

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Young, Susan, Ben Greer, and Richard Church. "Juvenile delinquency, welfare, justice and therapeutic interventions: a global perspective." BJPsych Bulletin 41, no. 1 (2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.052274.

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SummaryThis review considers juvenile delinquency and justice from an international perspective. Youth crime is a growing concern. Many young offenders are also victims with complex needs, leading to a public health approach that requires a balance of welfare and justice models. However, around the world there are variable and inadequate legal frameworks and a lack of a specialist workforce. The UK and other high-income countries worldwide have established forensic child and adolescent psychiatry, a multifaceted discipline incorporating legal, psychiatric and developmental fields. Its adoption of an evidence-based therapeutic intervention philosophy has been associated with greater reductions in recidivism compared with punitive approaches prevalent in some countries worldwide, and it is therefore a superior approach to dealing with the problem of juvenile delinquency.

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Azad, Azade, and Hanna Ginner Hau. "Adolescent Females with Limited Delinquency: A Follow-Up on Educational Attainment and Recidivism." Child & Youth Care Forum 49, no. 2 (2019): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-019-09530-8.

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Abstract Background Research has established a strong relationship between education and later life outcomes, where the connection between different school problems and delinquency have been widely acknowledged. These studies have often sampled male juvenile offenders exhibiting extensive and/or persistent delinquency. Less is known about the educational attainment of female juvenile offenders, especially those who display limited delinquency. In a previous study (Azad and Ginner Hau in Child Youth Serv Rev 95:384–396, 2018), the characteristics of this particular group of offenders were explored where the results showed limited self-reported delinquency but elevated school problems. Objective The present aim was to conduct a follow-up study of the same sample of female adolescents, in order to study their educational attainment during adolescence and the rate of recidivism within 24 months after being sentenced through registry data. Method The sample consisted of adolescent females (N = 144) who were convicted of a crime and sentenced to youth service between 2007 and 2012 in Stockholm, Sweden. Results The results showed that the majority of the females did not reoffend within 2 years after being sentenced. They did, however, display high educational deficits. Their grade point average at the end of both compulsory education and upper secondary school was much lower than that of young females in general, and the majority had either dropped out, never begun or received zero in all subjects at the end of upper secondary school. Conclusions The low school results indicate a need to support young delinquent females’ educational attainment in order to improve their overall life chances.

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Swensen, J. Gordon, John Rakis, Melanie G. Snyder, and Randall E. Loss. "Engaging Employers and Business in the Hiring of Individuals with Criminal Records." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 45, no. 4 (2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.45.4.15.

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The successful reentry and reintegration of ex-offenders with disabilities will be discussed in terms of barrier removal, employer perception, and an improved relationship with the criminal justice system. A criminal record limits opportunitiesfor employment and without collaborative community supports can increase both recidivism rates and increase costs to an over-burdened criminal justice system. Employer relationships, including outreach, marketing and evidence-based partneringlcollaboration will be reviewed, including a model program from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania that supports the discussion. Special considerations for those with sex offenses will be provided, as well as efforts to eliminate the stigma involved with criminal and/or felony records. The correlation between disability and delinquency in terms of both impairment and vocational impediments is described through three disabilities (TBL Substance Abuse/Dependency, and Mental Illness). The role of the VR counselor in terms of community efforts at reducing recidivism, increasing employment outcomes for ex-offenders/clients, through effective partnerships, can affect significantly both societal and economic improvement, as well as impact overall recidivism, reentry and community reintegration issues for ex-offenders.

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Campbell, Christina A., Ashlee Barnes, Jordan Papp, Christopher D’amato, Valerie R. Anderson, and Natasha Moses. "Understanding the Role of Neighborhood Typology and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Time to Recidivism Among Adjudicated Youth." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 9 (2020): 1079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820924834.

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This study examined the effect of neighborhood disadvantage and criminogenic risk on juvenile recidivism. The sample included 893 youths involved in the delinquency/formal probation division of one Midwestern county juvenile court between 2004 and 2010. Juveniles were classified into one of three neighborhood typologies (i.e., Distressed/Disadvantage, Resilient/Mixed, Benchmark/Advantaged) based on the socioeconomic conditions in their neighborhoods. Survival models revealed that when examining the effect of neighborhood type, youth who lived in Resilient/Mixed neighborhoods, characterized by having the most transient residents, yet high graduation rates, were at greatest risk of recidivism. However, neighborhood effects disappeared after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and criminogenic risk. Although there was no significant interaction between neighborhood and risk group classification, there was a significant interaction between risk group, age, and gender. These findings suggest the need for advanced statistical models that can disentangle the conflated effects of socioeconomic conditions and sociodemographic characteristics.

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Schweitzer, Myrinda, Ryan M. Labrecque, and Paula Smith. "Reinvesting in the Lives of Youth." Criminal Justice Policy Review 28, no. 3 (2016): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403415579262.

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Justice reinvestment strategies have been proposed to allow financial resources originally allocated for imprisonment to be reinvested into community-based alternatives. According to this perspective, the government has the responsibility to fund strategies that reduce crime, and previous studies have questioned the effectiveness of prison as one solution. Furthermore, empirical support for community-based alternatives underscores the importance of delivering interventions in offenders’ natural environments. This study explores one state’s attempt to fund strategies that reduce crime and delinquency. Through the Targeted Reasoned and Equitable Community and Local Alternatives to the Incarceration of Minors (RECLAIM) initiative, the State of Ohio attempted to reduce the risk of recidivism by serving more youth locally, instead of in secure facilities in the six most populous counties throughout the state. Specifically, the findings suggest that the Targeted RECLAIM initiative was successful in reducing the risk of recidivism of participating youth.

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Asscher, Jessica J., Eveline S. van Vugt, Geert Jan J. M. Stams, Maja Deković, Veroni I. Eichelsheim, and Sarah Yousfi. "The relationship between juvenile psychopathic traits, delinquency and (violent) recidivism: A meta-analysis." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 52, no. 11 (2011): 1134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02412.x.

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Loeffler, Charles E., and Ben Grunwald. "Decriminalizing Delinquency: The Effect of Raising the Age of Majority on Juvenile Recidivism." Journal of Legal Studies 44, no. 2 (2015): 361–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/684297.

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Zagar, Robert John, Kenneth G. Busch, and John Russell Hughes. "Empirical Risk Factors for Delinquency and Best Treatments: Where do we go from here?" Psychological Reports 104, no. 1 (2009): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.279-308.

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Youth development and prevention of violence are two sides of the same public policy issue. A great deal of theoretical and empirical effort has focused on identification of risk factors for delinquency and development of interventions for general risks. Recent calls for changes in public policy are evaluated here—and challenged—in light of new comprehensive, longitudinal empirical data on urban violent delinquency. Treatments such as prenatal care, home visitation, prevention of bullying, prevention of alcohol and/or drug abuse, promotion of alternative thinking, mentoring, life skills training, rewards for graduation and employment, functional family therapy, and multidimensional foster care are effective because they prevent or ameliorate risks for delinquency occurring during development. At present, the best treatments yield 10 to 40% reductions in delinquent recidivism. Better controlled application of developmentally appropriate treatments in higher doses, with narrow targeting of the highest-risk youth based on actuarial testing—rather than less accurate clinical judgment—should result in higher effectiveness. Such a focused approach in a geographical area with high homicide rates should be cost-effective. A prediction of cost-benefit outcomes for a carefully constructed example of a large-scale program is presented.

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Basto-Pereira, Miguel, Sofia Ribeiro, and Ângela Maia. "Needs and Achievements of the Juvenile Justice System: Insights From Two Empirical Studies With Portuguese Young Adults." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 7 (2017): 1787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17690450.

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Over the last decade, studies have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for juvenile offenders; nonetheless, those studies were more focused on recidivism than on the mechanisms associated with criminal perpetration. The current study explores the role of juvenile justice involvement and detention measures in a set of psychological, social, and criminal behavior characteristics in early adulthood. Seventy-five young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010-2011 and 240 young adults from the community filled out our protocol in 2014-2015. Young adults with juvenile justice involvement showed worse psychological, social, and criminal outcomes than those from community. Detention appears to be related to the number of deviant friends, delinquency, and school achievement in early adulthood. Our findings are in line with the labeling and deviant peer contagion theories and establish the main areas of interventions that affect the identified needs. A set of policy implications is provided.

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O’Hagan, Heidi R., Shelley L. Brown, Natalie J. Jones, and Tracey A. Skilling. "The Reliability and Validity of the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates and the Pride in Delinquency Scale in a Mixed Sex Sample of Justice-Involved Youth." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 5 (2018): 751–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818810459.

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It is unclear if self-report measures of criminal attitudes and associates—developed and validated predominately on adult male offender samples—can or should be used with justice-involved girls. With a sample of 300 justice-involved youth (100 females, 200 males), this study examined the reliability and validity of the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) and the Pride in Delinquency Scale (PIDS). Both measures evidenced reliability and convergent and discriminant validity in both sexes. The MCAA and the PIDS consistently predicted general recidivism for males (majority of area under the curve [AUCs; 7 out of 10] ranged from .60 to .68), but not for females (majority of AUCs [6 out of 8] ranged from .50 to .59). Both measures predicted violent recidivism across sex, with the majority of AUCs ranging from .60 to .67. More work is needed with exclusive female samples to better understand and operationalize criminal attitudes through a gender-informed lens.

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NOWAKOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF, and JOANNA STOJER-POLAŃSKA. "PREDICTING THE RISK OF AGGRESSIVE RECIDIVISM A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, no. 1 (2021): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0405.

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Aggressive delinquency is recognized as a one of the most serious threats for the society. Although criminal violence is often considered in the fi eld of criminology, the issues of recurrence of criminal violence are less often undertaken. The article focuses on that important area of interest in criminology, including risk assessment for recurrence of criminal violence in particular. Changes in the penal policy as well as the main assumptions of risk assessment approach were characterised from dual perspective – criminology and forensic psychology. Moreover, the risk factors and protective factors model, diagnostic methods and current directions for predicting violent recidivism were discussed. Besides, threat of criminal aggression was revealed at a broad, social context, including the problem of the “dark number of crimes”. Limitations connected with measuring extent of recurrent aggressive delinquency were also discussed. At the end of the review, authors presented theoretical model included key factors infl uencing at the general level of criminal violence treat. This model consists of four categories: 1) institutions and the legal rules, 2) professional risk assessment, 3) effectiveness of former prisoners adaptation in society, 4) social perception and social attitudes toward risk of harm caused by aggressive crime. Presented article might be useful in discussion around the issue of effective criminal violence prevention.

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Barrett, David E., and Antonis Katsiyannis. "Juvenile Delinquency Recidivism: Are Black and White Youth Vulnerable to the Same Risk Factors?" Behavioral Disorders 40, no. 3 (2015): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17988/0198-7429-40.3.184.

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Mennis, Jeremy, Philip W. Harris, Zoran Obradovic, Alan J. Izenman, Heidi E. Grunwald, and Brian Lockwood. "The Effect of Neighborhood Characteristics and Spatial Spillover on Urban Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism." Professional Geographer 63, no. 2 (2011): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2010.547149.

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Linn, Braden K., Thomas Nochajski, and William Wieczorek. "Relationship of aggression, negative affect, substance use problems, and childhood delinquency to DWI recidivism." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 42, no. 1 (2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2015.1085541.

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Kiriakidis, Stavros P. "Recidivism among juvenile delinquents: Self-reported sociodemografic characteristics, behavioural features and perceptions of delinquency." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 13, no. 4 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23918.

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PhD, Suncica Dimitrijoska, and Buzarovska Gordana PhD. "Risk Factors for Recidivism in Juvenile Criminal Offenders." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p167-173.

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In the Republic of Macedonia, very few authors are actively working on classification, evaluation, and criteria for choice of treatment of juvenile delinquents, while others are working on the evaluation of the treatment and implementation of new forms and types of interventions. On the one hand, the imperfect intervention models, and on the other hand, inadequate scientific methodology, are oftentimes factors contributing to a state which leads to problems and intervention models that are created and evaluated in one socio-cultural environment, and implemented in another environment, much more different to the former. The penological analysis of recidivism is concerned with two types of factors, such as inadequate social reaction – an improper criminal sanction, and inadequate treatment and unsuccessful process of resocialization, i.e. inadequate treatment in the facility where the sanction is being endured (Boshkovic, M., 2006). The abundance of studies conducted on the topic have all shown that the lack of parental support and mutual trust are closely correlated to the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency, which in time could lead to re-offending and recidivism. The focus of the current study is to validate the assessment instrument used by the Department of Juvenile Justice to determine a referred youth’s risk to re-offend.

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Gaines, Trudi, Leasha M. Barry, and Joseph Cautilli. "A new view: Behavioral coaching for prevention of delinquency and recidivism implications for public policy." Journal of Behavior Analysis of Offender and Victim Treatment and Prevention 1, no. 4 (2008): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100453.

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SÁNCHEZ SABOGAL, PABLO ANDRÉS. "ANÁLISIS DE LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LA GESTIÓN DEL ESTADO COLOMBIANO FRENTE A LA RESOCIALIZACIÓN Y PREVENCIÓN DE LA REINCIDENCIA DELINCUENCIAL, EN LA POBLACIÓN DE RECLUSOS DE LA PENITENCIARÍA ERON LA PICOTA DE LA CIUDAD DE BOGOTÁ D.C." Pensamiento Republicano 6 (January 10, 2017): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/pen.repub.2017.n6.a17.

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Adekeye, Deborah Shade, and Paul Emmanuel. "The nexus between early release of inmates and juvenile recidivism." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 9/10 (2018): 837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2017-0145.

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Purpose Delinquency as well as juvenile recidivism cuts across all nations in the world with its negative consequences on individuals, social and economic phases of life. Despite various interventions, strategies, the rate of recidivism has been on the increase. This calls for concern and a need to find a solution to the menace. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nexus between early release of inmates and juvenile recidivism using Barnawa Borstal Training Institute, Kaduna, as case study and to identify other pre-disposing factors that contribute to juvenile recidivism in the society. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a survey research design and used the questionnaire as the main instrument of data collection. The sample for the study consisted of 210 juvenile inmates from the Institute. Simple percentile and frequency distribution were used to analyze the data collected from the juvenile, while χ2 was used to test the only hypothesis formulated for the study. The χ2 result ( χ c 2 =1.409; df=3; α level=0.05; χ t 2 =7.815) showed that there is no significant relationship between early release and juvenile recidivism, and rather lack of proper reformation, stigmatization and lack of parental care are some of the important factors causing juvenile recidivism in Nigeria. Findings Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should, through the Borstal homes all over the country, ensure proper and adequate rehabilitation of inmates and provide adequate public enlightment for the safe and total re-absorption of inmates without stigmatization. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of the work is the fact that the Borstal Institute in Kaduna has only male inmates, so there is no opportunity to consider the effect of gender on juvenile recidivism. Practical implications The practical implications is that the result of this study can be added to the field of criminal justice in Nigeria. The result also bring to the fore the fact that rehabilitation and success rate of re-integration of juvenile delinquents back into the society is everybody’s business. Social implications The social implication of the study is that the study will go a long way in assisting policy makers in government and the prison authority to design and implement policies that will bring about proper reformation and rehabilitation of inmates. Originality/value The research was carried out among juvenile delinquents, some of who have been in and out of the Borstal home many times. So the researchers were able to collect first-hand information from the delinquents that serve as the respondents for this research. Moreover, the research setting was located in the northern part of Nigeria, whereas some of the earlier studies were carried out in the southern part of the country.

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Gud, M. B. "Education in the family as a factor of pedagogical correction of legal consciousness in juvenile probation and parole, including registered in criminal-executive inspection." Psychology and Law 7, no. 4 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2017070401.

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The article discusses the concept of "legal consciousness of minors", the peculiarities of its formation in adolescence, and a pedagogical process of correction of legal consciousness adolescents in conditions of serving criminal sentences, when registration with the penal inspection. Analyzes one of the factors of correction of legal consciousness – raising in the family of convicted minors consisting on the account in the criminal-Executive inspection. The specifics of family upbringing and their impact on the efficiency of re-socialization of minors consisting on the account in criminally-executive inspection, as well as reducing recidivism. Examples of departmental statistics on the role of the family in preventing delinquency and crime among convicted adolescents. The basic directions of improvement of family education in the framework of the activities of employees of criminally-executive inspections.

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Campbell, Christina A., William Miller, Jordan Papp, Ashlee R. Barnes, Eyitayo Onifade, and Valerie R. Anderson. "Assessing Intervention Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk–Need–Responsivity Assessment Model." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 1 (2018): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818796869.

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The assessment of criminogenic risk is critical in the prediction of future delinquency and the ability to provide appropriate services and interventions for youth offenders. The goal of this study was to determine whether using latent profile analysis (LPA) produced better risk classification profiles than traditional linear methods. Archival data were used to examine 1,263 male and female youth probationers. Criminogenic profiles were developed using the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, a widely used juvenile risk assessment. LPA determined that there were three distinct profiles: Minimal Intervention Needs, Social Behavior and Social Bonding Needs, and Maximum Intervention Needs. The profiles that youth fit into differed across demographic variables such as gender, age, recidivism, and history of child maltreatment, but not minority status and offense type. This research may aid in addressing specific intervention needs of offenders.

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SIMOURD, DAVID J., and JENNIFER VAN DE VEN. "Assessment of Criminal Attitudes." Criminal Justice and Behavior 26, no. 1 (1999): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854899026001005.

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The present study investigated the criterion-related validity of two measures of criminal attitudes—the Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M) and the Pride in Delinquency Scale (PID)—among a sample of 141 Canadian federally incarcerated offenders. Eighty-seven offenders whose current conviction was for a violent offense and 54 offenders whose current conviction was for a property-based offense completed both measures and were compared. Scores on the measures also were evaluated against a variety of criminal history and postrelease measures. The results indicated that both the CSS-M and PID are significantly related to criminal behavior and can predict recidivism. The results also show that the CSS-M is a better measure among violent offenders, whereas the PID is preferred for nonviolent offenders. These results are discussed within the context of theory, research, and practice.

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Ozanne, Julie L., Ronald Paul Hill, and Newell D. Wright. "Juvenile Delinquents’ Use of Consumption as Cultural Resistance: Implications for Juvenile Reform Programs and Public Policy." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 17, no. 2 (1998): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569801700204.

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Each year, the juvenile justice system spends billions of dollars to handle approximately 700,000 youths. Yet the rate of recidivism remains high and suggests that this problem and its solutions are not understood fully. The problem of juvenile delinquency exacts a high toll on society in terms of the loss of property, life, and, each year, more disaffected youth. Using ethnographic data as a basis, the authors explore the experiential world of a group of institutionalized, young offenders. By focusing on the meaning of crime and consumption for these youths, the authors hope to shed light on how crime and consumption are used to produce a style of resistance. In the meaning of their possessions, these juvenile delinquents both affirm and disaffirm some of the dominant values in society. The authors use these impulses in the youths’ lives to inform the conduct of current reform programs, as well as public policy.

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Kabir, Rian, Mark H. Murphy, Viviana A. Rodríguez, Adam Sima, and Aradhana Bela Sood. "16.4 SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF DELINQUENCY AND RECIDIVISM IN YOUTH IN THE VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF JUVENILE JUSTICE." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 59, no. 10 (2020): S186—S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.189.

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Zagar, Robert John, William M. Grove, Kenneth G. Busch, and John Russell Hughes. "Can Violent (Re)offense be Predicted? A Review of the Role of the Clinician and Use of Actuarial Tests in Light of New Data." Psychological Reports 104, no. 1 (2009): 247–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.247-277.

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This article is an evaluation of established actuarial probation-parole tests in light of new data on violent and homicidal behavior. Probation–parole tests originally were developed by observing risks related with recidivism or return to court after release (i.e., the “danger” of releasing an individual) by following offenders in court records for up to 10 years. Commonly used probation-parole tests together comprise 82 distinct items related to characteristics of the offender: home, school, peers. Job, family, individual-medical, community, and court contacts. The risks for violence and homicide found by Zagar, et al. were compared with prior meta-analyses of risks with the criterion of violent delinquency. Bootstrapped logistic regressions in Zagar and colleagues' new data yielded highly accurate predictions of violence, showing that improved methods and sampling can lead to still higher accuracy than had been achieved by established probation-parole tests. A general discussion of the usefulness of actuarial tests and answers to challenges of their validity for decision making are provided.

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