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Journal articles on the topic 'Depigmenting agent'

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1

George, Anju. "Tranexamic acid: An emerging depigmenting agent." Pigment International 3, no. 2 (2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2349-5847.196295.

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2

Zhou, Zhike, Jun Hou, Juanjuan Xiong, and Min Li. "Characterization of sulfuretin as a depigmenting agent." Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 33, no. 2 (2018): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12414.

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3

Villarama, C. D., and H. I. Maibach. "Glutathione as a depigmenting agent: an overview." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 27, no. 3 (2005): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00235.x.

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4

Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus B., Muhajir Hamid, and Arbakariya B. Ariff. "Depigmenting Effect of Kojic Acid Esters in Hyperpigmented B16F1 Melanoma Cells." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/952452.

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The depigmenting effect of kojic acid esters synthesized by the esterification of kojic acid usingRhizomucor mieheiimmobilized lipase was investigated in B16F1 melanoma cells. The depigmenting effect of kojic acid and kojic acid esters was evaluated by the inhibitory effect of melanin formation and tyrosinase activity on alpha-stimulating hormone- (α-MSH-) induced melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. The cellular tyrosinase inhibitory effect of kojic acid monooleate, kojic acid monolaurate, and kojic acid monopalmitate was found similar to kojic acid at nontoxic doses ranging from 1.95 t
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5

Phacharapiyangkul, Naphichaya, Krit Thirapanmethee, Khanit Sa-ngiamsuntorn, Uraiwan Panich, Che-Hsin Lee, and Mullika Traidej Chomnawang. "The Ethanol Extract of Musa sapientum Linn. Peel Inhibits Melanogenesis through AKT Signaling Pathway." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030070.

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Hyperpigmentation caused by melanin overproduction can be induced by UV radiation. The quest for effective depigmenting agents continues because many anti-melanin agents have restricted use and/or produce side-effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of Musa sapientum Linn. (AA group) peel ethanol extracts (MPE) on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin production. In addition, the molecular mechanism related to this process was examined in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results indicated that MPE remarkably inhibited melanogenesis in α-MS
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6

Dr., Rajkumar Kothiwala, Deepak S. Bohra Dr., Rakesh Kumar Dr., et al. "Alarming tropical steroid misuse on face: A descriptive study." Alarming tropical steroid misuse on face: A descriptive study 3, no. 7 (2017): 210–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.837290.

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<strong>Abstract—</strong> Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The clinical lesions are non-inflammatory open and closed comedones and or papules, pustules and nodules of varying degree of inflammation and depth. A lot of steroid, cosmetic and Ayurvedic products containing unlabeled depigmenting agent and steroids are available readily over the counter sale. The side effects of these products are not documented and can lead to adverse effects of continuous usage. This study was aimed to find out various offending depigmenting agents (topical unlabeled ste
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7

Robins, Elvira J., Aodan S. Brcarhnach, Yash P. Bashin, et al. "Effectiveness of Azelaic Acid As a Depigmenting and Chemotherapeutic Agent." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 87, no. 2 (1986): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12696768.

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8

Boo, Yong Chool. "Arbutin as a Skin Depigmenting Agent with Antimelanogenic and Antioxidant Properties." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071129.

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Arbutin is a compound of hydroquinone and D-glucose, and it has been over 30 years since there have been serious studies on the skin lightening action of this substance. In the meantime, there have been debates and validation studies about the mechanism of action of this substance as well as its skin lightening efficacy and safety. Several analogs or derivatives of arbutin have been developed and studied for their melanin synthesis inhibitory action. Formulations have been developed to improve the stability, transdermal delivery, and release of arbutin, and device usage to promote skin absorpt
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9

Fauzia, Dina. "Aspek Farmakologi Retinoid pada Kosmeseutikal." Jurnal Kesehatan Melayu 1, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jkm.v1i1.2017.35-40.

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Retinoid merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang paling luas penggunaannya di bidang dermatologi, yaitu sebagai anti-akne, anti-aging dan depigmenting agent. Penggunaan retinoid dapat menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit yang dapat diminimalkan dengan cara pemakaian konsentrasi dan frekuensi yang dinaikkan bertahap. Selain itu, retinoid memiliki potensi teratogenik sehingga harus dihindari penggunaannya pada wanita hamil dan usia produktif.
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10

Fauzia, Dina. "Aspek Farmakologi Retinoid pada Kosmeseutikal." Jurnal Kesehatan Melayu 1, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jkm.v1i1.24.

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Retinoid merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang paling luas penggunaannya di bidang dermatologi, yaitu sebagai anti-akne, anti-aging dan depigmenting agent. Penggunaan retinoid dapat menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit yang dapat diminimalkan dengan cara pemakaian konsentrasi dan frekuensi yang dinaikkan bertahap. Selain itu, retinoid memiliki potensi teratogenik sehingga harus dihindari penggunaannya pada wanita hamil dan usia produktif.
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11

Fauzia, Dina. "Aspek Farmakologi Retinoid pada Kosmeseutikal." Jurnal Kesehatan Melayu 1, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jkm.v1i1.24.35-40.

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Retinoid merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang paling luas penggunaannya di bidang dermatologi, yaitu sebagai anti-akne, anti-aging dan depigmenting agent. Penggunaan retinoid dapat menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit yang dapat diminimalkan dengan cara pemakaian konsentrasi dan frekuensi yang dinaikkan bertahap. Selain itu, retinoid memiliki potensi teratogenik sehingga harus dihindari penggunaannya pada wanita hamil dan usia produktif.
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12

Legros, L., J.-P. Cassuto, and J.-P. Ortonne. "Imatinib mesilate (Glivec®): a systemic depigmenting agent for extensive vitiligo?" British Journal of Dermatology 153, no. 3 (2005): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06813.x.

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13

Lee, Hyang-Bok, Dung-Hoang Nguyen, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Dong Shin, Chi-Ho Choi, and Eun-Ki Kim. "A novel skin depigmenting agent from Erigeron breviscapus and its mechanisms." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1015.

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14

Garcia-Jimenez, Antonio, Jose Antonio Teruel-Puche, Carmen Vanessa Ortiz-Ruiz, Jose Berna, Jose Tudela, and Francisco Garcia-Canovas. "4-n-butylresorcinol, a depigmenting agent used in cosmetics, reacts with tyrosinase." IUBMB Life 68, no. 8 (2016): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.1528.

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15

García-Molina, María del Mar, Jose Luis Muñoz Muñoz, Francisco Martinez-Ortiz, et al. "Tyrosinase-catalyzed hydroxylation of hydroquinone, a depigmenting agent, to hydroxyhydroquinone: A kinetic study." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 13 (2014): 3360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.048.

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16

Mahmood, Farhan, and Renée A. Beach. "Can it make me white again? A case report of 88% phenol as a depigmenting agent in vitiligo." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 2050313X2199330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x21993307.

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Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder. However, therapies prove to be time-consuming, costly, or slow to show efficacy. Here, we present a case of a 74-year-old female with vitiligo who underwent full-body depigmentation treatment 50 years ago. Brown patches of repigmentation appeared on the patient’s face and arms and were eventually treated with 88% phenol. Patient was later switched to compounded 3% glutathione cream for a more sustained effect. Phenol was an accessible, economical, and easily administrable therapeutic option that can result in short-term depigmentation.
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17

Damevska, Katerina, Igor Peev, and Ordanche Ribarski. "CHEMICAL VITILIGO: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Academic Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (2025): 36–41. https://doi.org/10.53582/amj255136d.

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Chemical vitiligo is an underdiagnosed form of skin depigmentation caused by repeated chemical agent exposure, affecting both adults and children. Chemical vitiligo is also called chemical leucoderma, contact vitiligo, and/or occupational vitiligo. Most of the implicated chemical agents are derivates of phenol and catechol, which have melanotoxic effects in individuals with genetic susceptibility. The diagnosis of chemical vitiligo is based on the medical history and patch testing, as histopathology is usually inconclusive and cannot differentiate chemical from idiopathic vitiligo. Patients ty
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18

Chaita, Eliza, George Lambrinidis, Christina Cheimonidi, et al. "Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Greek Plants. A Novel Depigmenting Agent from Morus alba Wood." Molecules 22, no. 4 (2017): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040514.

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19

Pathak, Madhu A., Eric R. Ciganek, Michael Wick, Arthur J. Sober, William A. Farinelli, and Thomas B. Fitzpatrick. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Azelaic Acid As a Depigmenting and Chemotherapeutic Agent." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 85, no. 3 (1985): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276684.

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20

Kasraee, Behrooz, Damjan S. Nikolic, Denis Salomon, et al. "Ebselen is a new skin depigmenting agent that inhibits melanin biosynthesis and melanosomal transfer." Experimental Dermatology 21, no. 1 (2011): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01394.x.

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21

Ortiz-Ruiz, Carmen Vanessa, Jose Berna, Jose Neptuno Rodriguez-Lopez, Virginia Tomas, and Francisco Garcia-Canovas. "Tyrosinase-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of 4-Hexylresorcinol, an Antibrowning and Depigmenting Agent: A Kinetic Study." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, no. 31 (2015): 7032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02523.

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22

Kwak, Seon-Yeong, Song Lee, Hye-Ryung Choi, Kyung-Chan Park, and Yoon-Sik Lee. "Dual effects of caffeoyl-amino acidyl-hydroxamic acid as an antioxidant and depigmenting agent." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21, no. 18 (2011): 5155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.064.

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23

Saurabh, Rajendra Patil*, and P. Bhosale Anuja. "KOJIC ACID: A SKIN LIGHTENING AGENT." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 4, no. 1 (2025): 515–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14936911.

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24

Grace, Lauren Santoso, Irawan Anwar Anis, Tabri Farida, Djawad Khairuddin, Madjid Asnawi, and Seweng Arifin. "The Effectiveness of Combination Serum of Tranexamic Acid, Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, Niacinamide And Alpha Arbutin in Enhancing Skin Brightness." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 2, no. 4 (2018): 169–73. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.Enhancing-Skin-Brightness.

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Introduction: Light skin tone has been desired by many Asian women thus the search of effective depigmenting agent has been conducted by many researchers. Tranexamic acid, an anti-fibrinolytic drug, is now gaining popularity as a new depigmenting agent. However, studies on tranexamic acid have shown mixed result of its comparison to hydroquinone. Galactomyces ferment filtrate, niacinamide and alpha arbutin have been known of their depigmenting effect. Combined materials with different targeting mechanisms are used to enhance the effectiveness of the lighting agent Objective: To compare the ski
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25

Hseu, You-Cheng, Xuan-Zao Chen, Yugandhar Vudhya Gowrisankar, Hung-Rong Yen, Jing-Yuan Chuang та Hsin-Ling Yang. "The Skin-Whitening Effects of Ectoine via the Suppression of α-MSH-Stimulated Melanogenesis and the Activation of Antioxidant Nrf2 Pathways in UVA-Irradiated Keratinocytes". Antioxidants 9, № 1 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010063.

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Ultraviolet A (UVA)-irradiation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediates excessive melanogenesis in skin cells leading to pigmentation. We demonstrated the depigmenting and anti-melanogenic effects of Ectoine, a natural bacterial osmolyte, in UVA-irradiated human (HaCaT) keratinocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated. HaCaT cells were pre-treated with low concentrations of Ectoine (0.5–1.5 μM) and assayed for various depigmenting and anti-melanogenic parameters. This pre-treatment significantly downregulated ROS generation, α-melanocyte-stimulating horm
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26

Anwar, Asvina Anis, Anis Irawan Anwar, Muhlis Muhlis, et al. "The use of cysteamine as a hyperpigmentation brightening agent in Indonesian women." Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine 14, no. 3 (2025): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.52336/acm.2025.013.

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There are many depigmenting preparations available on the cosmetic market, which often cause side effects such as dry skin, flaking, redness or burning. Intensive research is being conducted on substances with comparable efficacy but a better tolerability profile. One such substance is cysteamine. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining 2.5% cysteamine with 2% Galactomyces ferment filtrate, 2% Saccharomyces ferment filtrate, 2% saccharide isomerate and 4% niacinamide. The study was conducted using a dualapplication technique of serum and cream with a brightening effect on f
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27

Liu, Shuo, Zhen Zhao, Zhijun Huo, et al. "Osmanthus fragrans Flower Aqueous Extract and its Enriched Acteoside inhibit Melanogenesis and Ultraviolet-induced Pigmentation." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 5 (2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300515.

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The Osmanthus fragrans flower (OFF) is commonly used as an additive for tea in China and as a traditional medicine to treat dysentery, asthma and hepatitis. In the current study, we have acquired the aqueous extract of the dried OFF (OFFE) and determined its enriched acteoside contents. However, whether OFFE and acteoside can modulate melanogenesis and pigmentation has yet to be determined. We here provide novel data revealing that OFFE and acteoside inhibit melanogenesis induced by α-MSH in B16 melanoma cells via the MITF-tyrosinase signaling pathway. Treatment with α-MSH (1μM) enhanced melan
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28

Cho, Wan-Goo. "Application of Stable o/w Nanoemulsions with Skin Depigmenting Agent for Integration Type of Cosmetics." Journal of Digital Convergence 13, no. 4 (2015): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2015.13.4.417.

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29

Kaur, Harsimran, ,. Afsana, Geeta Aggarwal, and Manju Nagpal. "Potential benefits of phytochemicals for treatment of hyperpigmentation." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (2019): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2453.

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UV radiation (UV) is considered as a complete carcinogen as it is both a mutagen and a non-specific damaging agent. It is the most important risk factor for skin cancer and many other skin disorders like Hyperpigmentation. There is a need of long-term topical skin care treatments (both cosmetic and cosmeceutical) to address problems associated with hyperpigmentation. Synthetic depigmenting agents, such as hydroquinone, mequinol, although highly effective, can raise several safety concerns (for example, ochronosis, cataract, impaired wound healing, desquamation, and other local or systemic side
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30

Singpanna, Kanokwan, Panupun Limpachayaporn, Monrudee Sukma, Anan Athipornchai, and Nopparat Nuntharatanapong. "Synthesis of Fluorinated <i>N</i>- Benzylaniline Derivatives and Evaluations on Anti-Tyrosinase and Anti-Melanogenic Activities." Key Engineering Materials 914 (March 21, 2022): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-92oxa7.

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Melasma, freckles, age spots, and acne scars are common aesthetic problems resulted from melanin overproduction. This study aimed to develop new skin depigmenting compounds and characterize on melanin inhibition activities. The fluorinated N-benzylaniline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity. Derivatives with p-fluorine monosubstition, N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-fluoro-4-methoxyaniline (3d), was the most potent inhibitor against mushroom tyrosinase with 75.4 ± 0.34 % inhibition at 500 µM which was as potent as the positive control, kojic acid. Furthe
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31

Azam, Mohammed Shariful, Bonggi Lee, Jae-Il Kim, Chang Geun Choi, Jinkyung Choi та Hyeung-Rak Kim. "Sargahydroquinoic Acid Suppresses Hyperpigmentation by cAMP and ERK1/2-Mediated Downregulation of MITF in α-MSH-Stimulated B16F10 Cells". Foods 10, № 10 (2021): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102254.

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Hyperpigmentation diseases of the skin require topical treatment with depigmenting agents. We investigated the hypopigmented mechanisms of sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. SHQA reduced cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity and melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner and attenuated the expression of TYR and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), along with their transcriptional regulator, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). SHQA also suppressed α-MSH-induced cellular production of cyclic adenosine mo
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32

van den Boorn, Jasper G., Debby Konijnenberg, Esther P. M. Tjin, et al. "Effective Melanoma Immunotherapy in Mice by the Skin-Depigmenting Agent Monobenzone and the Adjuvants Imiquimod and CpG." PLoS ONE 5, no. 5 (2010): e10626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010626.

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33

Kitsongsermthon, Jutarat, Naowarat Saksumolrat, and Ratchanee Rodsiri. "Alternative approach for delivery of a depigmenting agent via dissolving microneedle arrays: Formulations and in vivo efficacy." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 91 (January 2024): 105259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.105259.

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34

Martínez-Gutiérrez, Alfredo, Alexandra Bertran, Teresa Noya, et al. "New Chalcone-Derived Molecule for the Topical Regulation of Hyperpigmentation and Skin Aging." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 11 (2024): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111405.

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Background/Objectives: Skin hyperpigmentation is a biological process that results in an excessive production of melanin and is highly regulated by several mechanisms, tyrosinase being one of the key enzymes involved. Current reported inhibitors lack clinical efficacy, show toxic side effects, have poor bioavailability, or low formulation compatibility. The aim of this study was to design a new effective tyrosinase inhibitor for topical hyperpigmentation and anti-aging treatments. Methods: Homology modeling was used to build the tridimensional structure of human tyrosinase, and virtual docking
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35

Oliveira, Robson Vicente Machado de, Mitsuko Taba Ohara, Marta Maria Duarte Carvalho Vila, and Marcos Moisés Gonçalves. "In vitro evaluation of copaiba oil as a kojic acid skin enhancer." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 2 (2010): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000200024.

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The capacity of copaíba oil to act as a skin penetration enhancer for the depigmenting agent kojic acid was evaluated using an in vitro diffusion system with static flux and shed rattlesnake skin membrane, Crotalus durissus terrificus, in saline solution at 34±2 ºC as the fluid receptor. The quantities of kojic acid liberated into the fluid receptor were determined by spectrophotometry at 268 nm with intervals of one and a half hours. The membranes, pretreated with copaíba oil at 25% and 50% v/v, gave flux values of 8.0 and 12.7 µg/cm²/h, permeability values of 2.0 and 3.3 cm×10-4/h, and promo
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36

Chandrashekar, B. S., Chaithra Shenoy, and Lakshmi Narayana N. "Effectiveness and safety of a novel topical depigmenting agent in epidermal pigmentation: an open-label, non-comparative study." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 4, no. 4 (2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20183378.

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&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Active compounds isolated from plants are known to inhibit melanogenesis without melanocytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a cream containing a combination of niacinamide, glycolic acid, vitamin E acetate, kojic acid, soy isoflavones, arbutin, pterowhite, licorice and ascorbyl glucoside for the treatment of epidermal pigmentation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Sixty subjects (between 18-45 years) with epidermal pigmentation were enrolled in
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37

Choi, Sang Yoon, Jae Sung Hwang, Sanghee Kim, and Sun Yeou Kim. "Synthesis, discovery and mechanism of 2,6-dimethoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide as potent depigmenting agent in the skin." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 349, no. 1 (2006): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.206.

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38

Shah, Saurabh, and Soon-Keong Chew. "Efficacy and safety of topical depigmenting agent in healthy human fair skin female volunteers: A single-arm study." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 17, no. 5 (2017): 830–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12435.

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39

van den Boorn, Jasper G., Daisy I. Picavet, Paul F. van Swieten, et al. "Skin-Depigmenting Agent Monobenzone Induces Potent T-Cell Autoimmunity toward Pigmented Cells by Tyrosinase Haptenation and Melanosome Autophagy." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 131, no. 6 (2011): 1240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.16.

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40

Jeon, Subin, Kumju Youn, and Mira Jun. "Discovery of Kuraridin as a Potential Natural Anti-Melanogenic Agent: Focusing on Specific Target Genes and Multidirectional Signaling Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 20 (2024): 11227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011227.

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Abnormal melanogenesis upon UV exposure causes excessive oxidative stress, leading to hyperpigmentation disorders. As a key rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis, tyrosinase is considered a primary target for depigmenting agents. Sophora flavescens is used as a food and in traditional medicine as a valuable source of prenylated flavonoids. The present study aimed to elucidate the anti-melanogenic effect and potential mechanism of kuraridin, one of the major prenylated flavonoids. Kuraridin showed anti-tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value in the nanomolar range, superior to that of kojic acid
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41

Joompang, Anupong, Preeyanan Anwised, Sompong Klaynongsruang, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Lapatrada Taemaitree, and Nisachon Jangpromma. "Evaluation of TILI-2 as an Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Oxidative Agent and Its Role in Preventing Melanogenesis Using a Proteomics Approach." Molecules 27, no. 10 (2022): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103228.

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There is a desire to develop new molecules that can combat hyperpigmentation. To this end, the N-terminal cysteine-containing heptapeptide TILI-2 has shown promising preliminary results. In this work, the mechanism by which it works was evaluated using a series of biochemical assays focusing on known biochemical pathways, followed by LC-MS/MS proteomics to discover pathways that have not been considered before. We demonstrate that TILI-2 is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase’s monophenolase activity and it could potentially scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. It has a very low cytotoxicity up
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42

Ye, Yang, Xiao-Shan Tang, Fang Chen, and Lin Tang. "Optimization of Phenolics Extracted fromIdesia polycarpaDefatted Fruit Residue and Its Antioxidant and Depigmenting ActivityIn VitroandIn Vivo." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/931269.

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Extraction of phenolics fromIdesia polycarpadefatted fruit residue was optimized by the maximization of the yield in total phenolics, using the response surface methodology. The optimized conditions were 50% ethanol, 5 h extraction time, 1 : 40 liquid to solid ratio, and 80°C extraction temperature. The experimental average total phenolics yield was54.49±4.26 mg/g. These antioxidant properties of phenolics were comprehensively analyzed for the first time. All the extracts not only demonstrated the significant free radical scavenging activities and metal chelating activity but also inhibited li
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Jimbow, K. "N-acetyl-4-S-cysteaminylphenol as a new type of depigmenting agent for the melanoderma of patients with melasma." Archives of Dermatology 127, no. 10 (1991): 1528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.127.10.1528.

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Jimbow, Kowichi. "N-Acetyl-4-S-Cysteaminylphenol as a New Type of Depigmenting Agent for the Melanoderma of Patients With Melasma." Archives of Dermatology 127, no. 10 (1991): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1991.01680090092011.

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Kumar, K. J. Senthil, M. Gokila Vani, Sheng-Yang Wang, et al. "In vitroandin vivostudies disclosed the depigmenting effects of gallic acid: A novel skin lightening agent for hyperpigmentary skin diseases." BioFactors 39, no. 3 (2013): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.1064.

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Mutia Taftila, Uswah Uswah, and Yiesha Ariqah Vihsany. "Literatur Review: Cysteamine Terapi Terkini Hiperpigmentasi yang Menjanjikan." Jurnal Kesehatan Amanah 9, no. 1 (2025): 103–8. https://doi.org/10.57214/jka.v9i1.745.

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Cysteamine, an aminothiol compound naturally produced in human cells, is emerging as an effective depigmenting agent to treat hyperpigmentation conditions such as melasma and lentigo. Although hydroquinone has become the gold standard in the treatment of melasma, its long-term use can cause serious side effects. Cysteamine offers a safer and effective alternative with mechanisms of action that include inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme, increased glutathione levels, and keratolytic effects. Various studies have shown that cysteamine 5% cream is not only better tolerated compared to Kligman's
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You, Ya-Jhen, Po-Yuan Wu, Yi-Jung Liu, et al. "Sesamol Inhibited Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Hyperpigmentation and Damage in C57BL/6 Mouse Skin." Antioxidants 8, no. 7 (2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070207.

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Melanin is synthesized through a series of oxidative reactions initiated with tyrosine and catalyzed by melanogenesis-related proteins such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), dopachrome tautomerase (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Our previous study demonstrated that sesamol inhibited melanin synthesis through the inhibition of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)/MITF/tyrosinase pathway in B16F10 cells. In this study, sesamol was applied to C57BL/6 mouse skin to understand its activity with respect to skin pigmentation. The results indicated
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Ennes, SBP, RC Paschoalick, and M. Mota De Avelar Alchorne. "A double-blind, comparative, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of 4% hydroquinone as a depigmenting agent in melasma." Journal of Dermatological Treatment 11, no. 3 (2000): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546630050517333.

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Lumbantoruan, Erty Witalaya, Khairina Nasution, and Nelva Karmila Jusuf. "Combination Therapy in Melasma with Lentigo Solaris." Sumatera Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v3i1.690.

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Background: Melasma and lentigo solaris are common, recurrent, and refractory acquired hyperpigmentation disorder. In spite of variety of therapeutic options available for this cosmetically disfiguring condition, the treatment of this condition remains a challenge. Azelaic acid (AA) is a depigmenting agent which acts by inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitochondrial enzymes, thereby inducing direct cytotoxic effects on melanocytes. Glycolic acid (GA) peel is one of the most versatile agents in the treatment of melasma and lentigo solaris. GA peels alone or in combination with topical hypopigmen
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Sorg, O., B. Kasraee, D. Salomon, and J. H. Saurat. "The Combination of a Retinoid, a Phenolic Agent and an Antioxidant Improves Tolerance while Retaining an Optimal Depigmenting Action in Reconstructed Epidermis." Dermatology 227, no. 2 (2013): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000353578.

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