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Journal articles on the topic 'Description standards'

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Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Newcomb, S. R. "Standards-Standard Music Description Language complies with hypermedia standard." Computer 24, no. 7 (1991): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.84842.

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Merabti, Madjid. "More readable standards description." Computer Communications 17, no. 1 (1994): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(94)90021-3.

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3

Cook, Michael. "Standards of archival description." Journal of the Society of Archivists 8, no. 3 (1987): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379818709514320.

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Cook, Michael. "Standards for archival description." Journal of the Society of Archivists 15, no. 2 (1994): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379819409511740.

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MacNeil, Heather. "Trusting Description: Authenticity, Accountability, and Archival Description Standards." Journal of Archival Organization 7, no. 3 (2009): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332740903117693.

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6

Bearman, David. "Description Standards: A Framework for Action." American Archivist 52, no. 4 (1989): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.52.4.224g4336k5670067.

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7

Szary, Richard. "Archival Description Standards: Scope and Criteria." American Archivist 52, no. 4 (1989): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.52.4.j51jx81510224218.

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8

Marques da Silva, J. R., and J. M. C. N. Soares. "Description standards of primary tillage implements." Soil and Tillage Research 57, no. 3 (2000): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(00)00157-4.

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9

L. Stanchev, Peter. "Multimedia Standards." Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 1 (September 30, 2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2011.1.1.

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The aim of this paper is to review some of the standards, connected with multimedia and their metadata. We start with MPEG family. MPEG-21 provides an open framework for multimedia delivery and consumption. MPEG- 7 is a multimedia content description standard. With the Internet grow several format were proposed for media scenes description. Some of them are open standards such as: VRML1, X3D2, SMIL3, SVG4, MPEG-4 BIFS, MPEG-4, XMT, MPEG-4, LaSER, COLLADA5, published by ISO, W3C, etc. Television has become the most important mass medium. Standards such as MHEG, DAVIC, Java TV, MHP, GEM, OCAP and ACAP have been developed. Efficient video-streaming is presented. There exist a large number of standards for representing audiovisual metadata. We cover the Material Exchange Format (MXF), the Digital Picture Exchange (DPX), and the Digital Cinema Package (DCP).
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Rosenberg, Michael S., Deborah Bott, David Majsterek, et al. "Minimum Standards for the Description of Participants in Learning Disabilities Research." Remedial and Special Education 15, no. 1 (1994): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259401500108.

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In 1984, the research committee of the council for learning disabilities (CLD) noted that the available descriptions of individuals with LD in research reports were vague and inconsistent. Recognizing that such descriptions made it difficult to evaluate research findings, the committee recommended that specific guidelines for participant descriptions be followed in reports on research involving individuals with LD. Eight years after this call for greater uniformity, vague participant descriptors remain a matter of great concern. What follows is a report on this issue from the current cld research committee. Updated guidelines for the description of participants are provided for both small-sample and large-group research activities. Also, suggestions for promoting compliance with the minimum standards are forwarded. Rather than being viewed as a fixed, immutable product, the current attempt at identifying the minimum standards for the description of participants should be viewed merely as one step in an ongoing process. Clearly, as our multidisciplinary field continues to learn more about LD, additional information about participants may be deemed necessary. With this in mind, the cld research committee welcomes your comments on the present set of guidelines and invites your suggestions for future iterations of this document.
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Pramudyo, Gani Nur. "PENYEBERANGAN METADATA: ENCODED ARCHIVAL DESCRIPTION, METADATA OBJECT DESCRIPTION SCHEMA, DAN DUBLIN CORE DI PERSIMPANGAN." Jurnal Kearsipan 14, no. 2 (2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46836/jk.v14i2.145.

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Metadata standards are used for supporting works in resource identification and description, retrieving information, managing information resources, managing intellectual property rights, interoperability and information governance. Implemented metadata are applied by using metadata standard and support interoperability for instance archival and library institutions. Various metadata standards such as Encoded Archival Description, Metadata Object Description Schema and Dublin Core should support this function. This article describes interoperability among the three by using metadata crosswalks. Metadata crosswalks are used to show ability of shared-metadata and exchange to one another. The result of this simple research can be used for material consideration for metadata standards analyzing and metadata interoperability.
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Castro, Fabiano Ferreira de. "Functional requirements for bibliographic description in digital environments." Transinformação 28, no. 2 (2016): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-08892016000200008.

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Nowadays in digital information environments, various types of resources coexist with heterogeneous metadata formats and standards and efforts have been made to achieve interoperability in order to use multiple metadata standards and reuse metadata records by developing strategies, which range from simple mappings among metadata elements to complex structural modeling. Dealing with information resources requires a description of form and machine readable content with results that are understandable to humans and can meet the interoperability requirements between information environments. Considering this, this research proposes a reflection and suggests the development of an architecture for semantic bibliographic descriptions that ensures interoperability in digital information environments. By using exploratory and descriptive analysis, we found that Descriptive Cataloguing methodologies and a bibliographic ontology description, explained in the rules and codes of cataloguing and in metadata standards, redesign the development of better structured new digital information environments to retrieve information and effectively establish interoperability.
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13

Weber, Lisa. "Archival Description Standards: Concepts, Principles, and Methodologies." American Archivist 52, no. 4 (1989): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.52.4.hj0217l620727331.

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Kramer, Michael S. "Foetal growth standards: Description, prescription, or prediction?" Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 33, no. 1 (2018): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12528.

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15

Cook, Michael. "The international description standards: An interim report." Journal of the Society of Archivists 16, no. 1 (1995): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379819509511757.

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Imhoff, Johannes F., and Pierre Caumette. "Recommended standards for the description of new species of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 4 (2004): 1415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.03002-0.

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Recommended standards for the description of new species of the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are proposed in accordance with Recommendation 30b of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. These standards include information on the natural habitat, ecology and phenotypic properties including morphology, physiology and pigments and on genetic information and nucleic acid data. The recommended standards were supported by the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of phototrophic bacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. They are considered as guidelines for authors to prepare descriptions of new species.
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Kozlova, E. I. "INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS AS AN INDICATOR OF LIBRARY ENVIRONMENT TRANSFORMATION." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2019-2-24-28.

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In the international standardization on the direction “documentation and informatics”, including librarianship, an active process of revising standards in force is taking place. In the renovated wordings of international standards, tendencies of document environment evolution reflect themselves through description of partnership modes between libraries and partner organizations, means of supplying users with information products and services. The main trend of international standardization is the revision of outdate standards and the inclusion of objects descriptions and technologies of the electronic environment, renovation of standards in force, development of new documents for innovative directions of library activities – that is what the article is aimed at.
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Kleege, Georgina. "Audio Description Described." Representations 135, no. 1 (2016): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2016.135.1.89.

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Audio description seeks to make visual media—film, television, theater, art exhibits—accessible to blind people. In this essay I use the audio-described version of the Oscar-nominated film The Sessions as an example of the current standards. I then speculate on future innovations that could democratize the medium and make it more inclusive.
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Popovici, Bogdan Florin. "Records in Contexts: a Way to Use it." Moderna arhivistika 2022 (5), no. 1 (2022): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54356/ma/2022/yvux1183.

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Records in Contexts is a product of ICA, aiming to replace the four standards of archival description. Since, at its core, it is a conceptual model, it is quite abstract and differes from the familiar guideline style of ISADG, for example. The presentation will focus on aspects of practical implementation of RiC: articulation of descriptions (attributes, relations), results, and the benefits of using RiC in comparision with previous standards.
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Awedyk, Witosław. "Subtitling Standards in Norway." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 15, no. 1 (2013): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsp-2013-0001.

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ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper is to present the specificity of the work of a Norwegian subtitler in view of the unique language situation in Norway. In addition to the challenges an audiovisual translator needs to face, a general description of the Norwegian language policy will be presented here.
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Ibragimova, Sarvinoz. "BECOME A DOMINANT POSITION OF ISLAM AND DESCRIPTION OF BELIEFS, TEACHINGS AND ETHICAL STANDARDS." Oriental Journal of Social Sciences 02, no. 05 (2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-02-05-06.

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The Islamic scientific renaissance period was explained in the article with different concepts, and these concepts are the cause of debates between Western and Eastern scientists. Also, scientific conclusions about the influence of Islam as an ideology and the Arabic language as a scientific language in the fields of theology, philosophy, literature, and architecture of this new culture are given.
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Loder, Büchel Laura. "Standards-based Grading Tools." Babylonia – Zeitschrift für Sprachunterricht und Sprachenlernen 2016, no. 2 (2016): 86–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3365946.

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Alors que tous les enseignants suisses connaissent Lehreroffice et que de plus en plus d’entre eux se familiarisent avec ces fonctionnalités sur schulwebseite.com, il existe bon nombre d’outils similaires, axés sur l’évaluation standardisée. Cet article propose une brève description des plus communément utilisés.
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23

Paton, Norman W. "Managing and sharing experimental data: standards, tools and pitfalls." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 1 (2008): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360033.

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Experimental processes in the life sciences are becoming increasingly complex. As a result, recording, archiving and sharing descriptions of these processes and of the results of experiments is becoming ever more challenging. However, validation of results, sharing of best practice and integrated analysis all require systematic description of experiments at carefully determined levels of detail. The present paper discusses issues associated with the management of experimental data in the life sciences, including: the different tasks that experimental data and metadata can support, the role of standards in informing data sharing and archiving, and the development of effective databases and tools, building on these standards.
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24

Korontanis, Ioannis, Antonios Makris, and Konstantinos Tserpes. "A Survey on Modeling Languages for Applications Hosted on Cloud-Edge Computing Environments." Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (2024): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062311.

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In the field of edge-cloud computing environments, there is a continuous quest for new and simplified methods to automate the deployment and runtime adaptation to application lifecycle changes. Towards that end, cloud providers promote their own service description languages to describe deployment and adaptation processes, whereas application developers opt for cloud-agnostic open standards capable of modeling applications. However, not all open standards are able to capture concepts that relate to the adaptation of the underlying computing environment to changes in the application lifecycle. In our quest for a formal approach to encapsulate these concepts, this study presents various Cloud Modeling Languages (CMLs). In this study, when referring to CMLs, we are discussing service description languages, domain-specific languages, and open standards. The output of this study is a review that performs a classification on CMLs based on their effectiveness in describing deployment and adaptation of applications in both cloud and edge environments. According to our findings, approximately 90.9% of the examined languages offer support for deployment descriptions overall. In contrast, only around 27.2% of examined languages allow developers the choice to specify whether their application components should be deployed on the edge or in a cloud environment. Regarding runtime adaptation descriptions, approximately 54.5% of the languages provide support in general.
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Vignes, Lebbe Régine. "FAIR Principles and TDWG Standards: The case of morphological description of taxa and specimens." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 7 (August 31, 2023): e111859. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.7.111859.

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Sharing data is crucial in biodiversity research as well as in all scientific domains. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) validates and makes available a set of standards to facilitate the sharing of biodiversity data. Of the 23 standards listed in alphabetical order, each has a status, a category, and a short description. But these standards are designed for very different purposes, which we will discuss by linking them to the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) .The FAIR principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016) focus on the ability of machines to automatically find and use the digital data. It is therefore crucial that software for editing, acquiring and using data, shares defined standards that are made available to all. TDWG has been working in this direction for over 30 years. Pioneers in biodiversity informatics, such as Richard Pankhust (Pankhurst 1970), Mike Dallwitz (Dallwitz 1974, Dallwitz 1980) and Jacques Lebbe (Lebbe et al. 1987) worked specifically on taxon identification with computers and how to represent morphological descriptions of taxa and specimens.Some TDWG standards, such as ABCD (Access to Biological Collection Data; Access to Biological Collections Data Task Group 2005), TCS (Taxonomic Concept Transfer Schema; Taxonomic Names Subgroup 2006) or SDD (Structured Descriptive Data; Structure of Descriptive Data (SDD) Subgroup 2006) are expressed by an XML schema covering a formal data model. Other standards, as Floristic Regions of the World (Takhtajan 1986), or Vocabulary Maintenance Standard (VMS; Vocabulary Maintenance Specification Task Group 2017) concern vocabularies or a collection of standardized terms. The Plant Occurrence and Status Scheme (POSS; World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1995) provides both, a list of accepted terms, and a data model (list of fields). In case of morpho-anatomical data describing taxa or specimens, TDWG offers two standards: DELTA (DEscription Language for TAxonomy, Dallwitz 2006) and SDD (Structured Descriptive Data, Hagedorn 2007).In order to further the discussion on morphological description data sharing, we would like to clarify what is meant by the term standard. We'll be looking at the concepts of guidelines, rules, defined format, referential list of terms, data schema, model, metamodel, protocols, which are all terms linked to this notion of standard and FAIR principles. Perhaps this reflection will lead us to propose criteria for better classifying TDWG standards.
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Cook, Michael. "The British Move Toward Standards Of Archival Description: TheMADStandard." American Archivist 53, no. 1 (1990): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.53.1.b30m14uh8g533662.

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M. Keenan, Teressa. "Resource description and access: cataloging standards affect reference service." Reference Services Review 42, no. 3 (2014): 446–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-04-2014-0008.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationship between cataloging data and reference service and the importance of including reference librarians, in general resource description and access (RDA) training. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review and the author’s experiences related to implementing RDA are presented with minimal cataloging jargon to help librarians better understand the effects of cataloging standards on reference service. Findings – There is a noticeable lack of research and training related to RDA for audiences beyond technical services. More research is needed to determine how users are interacting with the catalog, how bibliographic data is supporting their discovery and access, what, if any, obstacles reference librarians encounter as a result of RDA and how future iterations of RDA may open bibliographic data to communities beyond the library. Originality/value – This paper is one the few that discuss how RDA may affect reference service. It will be useful for providing librarians with a general understanding of the relationship between cataloging and reference and may serve as a starting point for further research.
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Maher Hakim, M., and James H. Garrett. "A description logic approach for representing engineering design standards." Engineering with Computers 9, no. 2 (1993): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01199049.

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Freney, J., W. E. Kloos, V. Hajek, et al. "Recommended minimal standards for description of new staphylococcal species." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 49, no. 2 (1999): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-2-489.

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Copes, Larry. "Messy Monk Mathematics: An NCTM Standards-Inspired Class." Mathematics Teacher 93, no. 4 (2000): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.93.4.0292.

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Trujillo, Martha E. "Taxonomic subcommittees and minimal standards for the description of prokaryotes." Microbiology Australia 32, no. 2 (2011): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma11064.

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The preparation of minimal standards for the description of new taxa is one of the tasks of the taxonomic subcommittees working under the auspice of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Minimal standards are intended to provide bacteriologists involved in the taxonomy of prokaryotes a set of essential requirements for the description of new taxa.
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Kaso, Misato, Keiko Miyamoto, Emi Koyama, and Takeo Nakayama. "Breastfeeding Information in Midwifery Textbooks in Japan." Journal of Human Lactation 27, no. 4 (2011): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334411409751.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding information in midwifery textbooks. Evaluation standards were developed in order to perform content analysis. A 3-round Delphi method using a panel of 32 midwives resulted in 36 evaluation items from the original 38 draft items based on 4 major international guidelines and statements on breastfeeding. Subsequently, breastfeeding descriptions in 4 midwifery textbooks most frequently used in Japan were examined using a 4-point scale (A, accurate and sufficient description; B, accurate but insufficient description; C, no description; and D, inaccurate or inconsistent description). Among the evaluation items, 40% were rated as A, 25% as C, 21% as B, and 15% as D across the 4 textbooks. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of breastfeeding information in these textbooks was found to be inaccurate, inconsistent, or insufficient in content.
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Kartika, Firlia Candra, and Yonathan Alfapri Damaika. "Job Analysis and Employee Competency Mapping Based on Job Description." Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi 12, no. 3 (2023): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v12i3.11202.

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Job description is important for a company. On division APU & PPT in one of the private banks in Surabaya, there is a gap between the job descriptions written in the documents and those carried out by office holders in the field, causing office holders to feel confused in carrying out work, which affects the productivity of office holders, and there is no competency standards for each position in the APU&PPT division. The purpose of this research is to reduce the gap between written job descriptions and job descriptions in the field and to provide competency standards for each position. This research is qualitative research with a variety of case studies. The methods used to gather data in conducting job analysis are interviews, observation, and literature studies. The results of this study indicate an improvement in job descriptions and competency mapping required by each position in the APU & PPT division. The results of this study can be used by companies as job description documents and job competency standards.Uraian pekerjaan merupakan hal yang penting bagi sebuah perusahaan. Pada divisi APU & PPT di salah satu Bank swasta yang ada di Surabaya, terdapat kesenjangan antara uraian pekerjaan yang tertulis di dokumen dan yang dilakukan pemangku jabatan di lapangan sehingga menyebabkan para pemangku jabatan merasa kebingungan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, dimana hal tersebut mempengaruhi produktivitas dari para pemegang jabatan, serta belum adanya standar kompetensi pada masing-masing jabatan pada divisi APU&PPT. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi adanya kesenjangan antara job description yang tertulis dengan job description yang ada di lapangan dan dapat memberikan standar kompetensi bagi masing-masing jabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan ragam studi kasus. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menggali data dalam melakukan analisa jabatan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbaikan uraian pekerjaan serta pemetaan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh masing-masing jabatan pada divisi APU & PPT. Hasil pada penelitian ini dapat dipergunakan oleh perusahaan sebagai dokumen uraian pekerjaan dan standar kompetensi jabatan.
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Gosteva, E. A., and V. V. Lanin. "System Development for Intelligent Search in Industrial Standards." INFORMACIONNYE TEHNOLOGII 27, no. 6 (2021): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/it.27.322-330.

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The article is devoted to the description of intelligent information retrieval system development according to industry standards based on the Stanford CoreNLP tool. The description of the subject area, design, and main stages of system development are presented: development of extracting information module from industrial standards, implementation of a web service using the Flask framework, and a client web application on React JS. The use of the developed system by engineers and software developers will make it possible to effectively manage the definition base of industrial standards, understand them correctly and observe them in accordance with the chosen field of knowledge.
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Stefanova, Tereza. "Engineering education standards." Yearbook Telecommunications 9 (December 30, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ytelecomm.22.9.8.

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Professions such as engineering, architecture, medicine and others are related to work that directly affects the life of society. The engineering profession is rapidly changing and extremely responsible, and requires rigorous assessment of the competence and commitment of engineering professionals. Therefore, various associations, organizations, authorized agencies of institutions of higher education, etc. set and maintain standards that are internationally recognized and relevant to the industry. The article examines organizations related to accreditation and quality assurance in engineering education in Europe and beyond, and highlights the most important features of the EUR-ACE system. The article shows data on engineering programs with the EUR-ACE label in some EU countries and Bulgaria. A brief description of the knowledge, competencies, skills and abilities that bachelor's and master's degree graduates should possess in their engineering field is provided.
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Alonso Lifante, M. Pilar, and Francisco Javier Molero Madrid. "Enhancing OPAC Records: Evaluating and Fitting Within Cataloguing Standards a New Proposal of Description Parameters for Historical Astronomical Resources." Library Resources & Technical Services 59, no. 4 (2015): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.59n4.140.

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Enhancing content description of specialized resources, particularly astronomical resources, is a matter that is still unresolved in library and information science. In this paper, the authors outline deficiencies in some fields and elements of cataloging standards for description of historical astronomical resources, mainly star atlases and catalogs. Furthermore, they review their recent proposal of astronomical parameters for a better description and propose an approach for accommodating these parameters in the current criteria of MARC 21, the International Standard Bibliographic Description, and Resource Description and Access. Fourteen new parameters are considered, and recommendations are provided to standards developers for the addition of elements to accommodate attributes of celestial cartographic resources. This would improve bibliographic records for such resources in astronomical libraries’ OPACs, which will have a beneficial effect on information retrieval.
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Cook, Michael. "Managing Machine-Readable Archives: Progress with Description and Exchange Standards." IASSIST Quarterly 18, no. 1 (1994): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iq637.

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38

Thompson, Alexander, and Deborah Paul. "TDWG 2017 Collections Description Interest Group Meeting." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 1 (August 15, 2017): e20322. https://doi.org/10.3897/tdwgproceedings.1.20322.

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The Collections Description Interest Group is dedicated to developing and supporting the Natural Collections Description (NCD) data standard for describing entire collections of natural history materials. Examples include collections of specimens, observation data, original artwork, photographs, and materials from the many voyages of discovery that have been conducted. The standard was brought up to the draft stage in 2008, and we are re-forming the interest group to attempt to finish it. Collection description records contain information about the collection, access and usage of the collection and where to get more detailed information. The meeting this year will focus on the formation of the Task Group to work on the standard itself, with the goal of leaving the meeting with a working draft of the task group charter, including an outline of goals and deadlines.
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Wacker, Melanie, Myung-Ja Han, and Judith Dartt. "TestingResource Description and Access(RDA) with Non-MARC Metadata Standards." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 49, no. 7-8 (2011): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2011.616451.

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Morris, Steven J., and Frederick H. Kanfer. "Self-evaluation, self-description, and self-standards in subclinical depression." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 17, no. 3 (1995): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02229302.

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41

Khosrowpour, Shahrzad. "Development of Resource Description and Access (RDA): The New Cataloging Standard." Bilgi Dünyası 13, no. 2 (2012): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.15612/bd.2012.148.

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Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a new standard for describing and accessing information specifically designed for the digital environment. It is a shift from Anglo American Cataloging Rules II (AACR2) and it aims to provide a more user friendly service to library users in locating information in the library online catalogs. It is also targeting to facilitate a cataloging standard which can be shared globally and be edited simultaneously by the catalogers and other users when needed. There are similarities as well as diff erences between these two cataloging standards. Since the development of RDA started in 2005, there has been a hot discussion among catalogers about the advantages and disadvantages of the two standards against each other. There are also arguments on the changes that RDA would introduce to the cataloging standards and questioning if this is the right time to move forward with these changes. This paper provides the reader an overview of the development of RDA standards and the outcome of this new standard yet to be adopted.
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Sweetser, Michelle, and Alexandra A. A. Orchard. "Are We Coming Together? The Archival Descriptive Landscape and the Roles of Archivist and Cataloger." American Archivist 82, no. 2 (2019): 331–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc-82-02-18.

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Traditionally, archival description remained distinct from bibliographic description due to differences in material format, usage, and professional traditions. However, archival descriptive standards and practice have undergone numerous changes in recent years. This evolution is in part due to the advent of MARC and its adoption by the academic archives community. How much influence has the use of MARC and overall bibliographic description had on academic archival description as well as on the collaboration between traditional catalogers and archivists? To address this question, this article presents the findings of a landscape survey of the Association of Research Libraries members' descriptive practices surrounding MARC records, linked and embedded metadata, and authority records. Survey responses indicate that archival descriptive work remains concentrated in the archival domain, with archivists creating description as one component of job responsibilities at most institutions. Descriptive work—including MARC record creation—has not been passed off to cataloging colleagues despite their longer professional experience with the standard even though the OPAC is the most commonly cited archival information system available to respondents. Decisions about appropriate levels of description, standards to be employed, workflows, and other factors related to archival description do not appear to rely on external buy-in or approval in most repositories, and descriptive practices employ a mix of standards from both the archival and bibliographic traditions. These and other findings provide a baseline understanding of current archival descriptive practices and workflows, enhancing our ability to improve archival description and therefore findability and access to archival materials.
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Yodlovska, Alina. "Percepcyjna cecha smaku w strukturze definicji słownikowych (na podstawie słowników języka polskiego)." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 29, no. 2 (2022): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2022.29.2.12.

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The article compares the verbal description of the names of thirty-four fruits in Polish dictionaries, taking into account the descriptions of tastes in the definitions and their relationship with the structure of the definitions. The definitions of bases and polymodal tastes are analysed and differences in the way they are interpreted are revealed. Standards for the perception of the tastes in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and English are highlighted.
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Fadlan, Gilang Bagus. "The Designing About Job Descriptions at PT. Coco Agricultura Indonesia." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 6, no. 1 (2025): 9–13. https://doi.org/10.32815/jpm.v6i1.2148.

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Purpose: Conducting observations at PT. Coco Agricultura Indonesia will be the target for practical work output. The implementation process is carried out after conducting what is called an interview to find information related to the job description to be used as material for designing the Job Description. During the practical work process, implementers also carry out analysis related to company SOPs, employees who are disciplined and company targets. This is included in the output design process for implementers to know the types of employee job descriptions that are the responsibility and contribution of the company that is the target for practical work. Method: In preparing this practical work report, several methods were used. The methods used in collecting data are interviews and observations. Practical Application: By implementing a detailed Job Description, it provides employees with a good basis for designing discipline and understanding tasks in working according to their respective duties so as to avoid confusion and discrepancies in following the updated Job Description. Conclusion: In the process of implementing the Job Description which has been carried out by the implementer of practical work activities (KP), this activity makes PT. Coco Agricultura Indonesia has experienced a number of changes and improvements in various operational aspects and understanding of work in terms of job descriptions. With this change, the establishment of clear performance standards and detailed evaluation criteria from Job Descriptions helps in measuring employee performance more objectively.
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Lee, Okhee. "English Language Proficiency Standards Aligned With Content Standards." Educational Researcher 47, no. 5 (2018): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x18763775.

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As federal legislation requires that English language proficiency (ELP) standards are aligned with content standards, this article addresses issues and concerns in aligning ELP standards with content standards in English language arts, mathematics, and science. It starts with a brief description of federal legislation for alignment between ELP standards and content standards along with challenges of ensuring alignment. Then, it highlights how current efforts to ensure alignment center on the language used to engage in disciplinary practices of content standards. Next, taking a perspective on ELP standards from the vantage point of content areas, the article presents a critique of ELP standards developed by the two major consortia of states, WIDA and English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century (ELPA21). Specifically, the critique focuses on how each consortium addresses two aspects of alignment: (a) disciplinary practices across content areas and (b) cognitive expectations across proficiency levels. Both consortia fall short in accurately reflecting disciplinary practices and maintaining consistent cognitive expectations. Lessons learned from this critique offer recommendations for the field to move forward in ensuring English learners capitalize on the opportunities and meet the demands for both content and language learning presented by content standards. As the challenges in ELP standards development lie squarely at the intersection of content and language learning, the article ends with a call to action for closer collaboration between language and content educators.
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Rahamneh, Dr Samah, Ala’ Hanoun, Dr Fahed Jubair, and Khalid A. Darabkh. "WoTs-TDGV: Thing Description Generator and Validator." Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications 15, no. 3 (2024): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.58346/jowua.2024.i3.019.

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The breakneck evolution of the Web of Things (WoT) has led to a burgeoning demand for reliable tools that facilitate the automatic generation and validation of Thing Descriptions (TD). However, emerging tools that generate or validate TD automatically have suffered from abounding limitations and constraints. In this paper, we propose and implement an automatic web-based Thing Description Generator and Validator (TDGV) application. TDGV automates and simplifies TDs generation while ensuring the compliance with the WoT standards. The application generates more accurate thing description results. In order to evaluate the usability of the TDGV, a Concurrent Think-aloud usability study was conducted with a sample of 150 developers. The study revealed positive feedback regarding the user interface and the TDGV usability. The study results highlight areas for enhancement, such as TDGV navigation. TDGV is a convenient and robust Thing Description Generator and Validator web application. It provides a valuable tool for users in the WoT domain, enabling them to automatically and easily generate and validate TDs.
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Raes, Niels, Egmond Emily van, Ana Casino, Matt Woodburn, and Deborah L. Paul. "Towards a Global Collection Description Standard." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (July 4, 2019): e37894. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37894.

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With digitisation of natural history collections over the past decades, their traditional roles — for taxonomic studies and public education — have been greatly expanded into the fields of biodiversity assessments, climate change impact studies, trait analyses, sequencing, 3D object analyses etc. (Nelson and Ellis 2019; Watanabe 2019). Initial estimates of the global natural history collection range between 1.2 and 2.1 billion specimens (Ariño 2010), of which 169 million (8-14% - as of April 2019) are available at some level of digitisation through the <u>Global Biodiversity Information Facility</u> (GBIF). With iDigBio (<u>Integrated Digitized Biocollections</u>) established in the United States and with the European DiSSCo (<u>Distributed Systems of Scientific Collections</u>) accepted on the <u>ESFRI</u> roadmap, it has become a priority to digitize natural history collections at an industrialized scale. Both iDigBio and DiSSCo aim at mobilising, unifying and delivering bio- and geo-diversity information at the scale, form and precision required by scientific communities, and thereby transform a fragmented landscape into a coherent and responsive research infrastructure. In order to prioritise digitisation based on scientific demand, and efficiency using industrial digitisation pipelines, it is required to arrive at a uniform and unambiguously accepted collection description standard that would allow comparing, grouping and analysing natural history collections at diverse levels. Several initiatives attempt to unambiguously describe natural history collections using taxonomic and storage classification schemes. These initiatives include One World Collection, Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl), <u>TDWG</u> (Taxonomic Databases Working Group) Natural Collection Descriptions (NCD) and <u>CETAF</u> (Consortium of European Taxonomy Facilities) passports, among others. In a collaborative effort of DiSSCo, ICEDIG (<u>Innovation and consolidation for large scale digitisation of natural heritage</u>), iDigBio, TDWG and the Task Group Collection Digitisation Dashboards, the various schemes were compared in a cross-walk analysis to propose a preliminary natural collection description standard that is supported by the wider community. In the process, two main user groups of collection descriptions standards were identified; scientists and collection managers. The classification produced intends to meet requirements from them both, resulting in three classification schemes that exist in parallel to each other (van Egmond et al. 2019). For scientific purposes a 'Taxonomic' and 'Stratigraphic' classification were defined, and for management purposes a 'Storage' classification. The latter is derived from specimen preservation types (e.g. dried, liquid preserved) defining storage requirements and the physical location of specimens in collection holding facilities. The three parallel collection classifications can be cross-sectioned with a 'Geographic' classification to assign sub-collections to major terrestrial and marine regions, which allow scientists to identify particular taxonomic or stratigraphic (sub-)collections from major geographical or marine regions of interest. Finally, to measure the level of digitisation of institutional collections and progress of digitisation through time, the number of digitised specimens for each geographically cross-sectioned (sub-)collection can be derived from institutional collection management systems (CMS). As digitisation has different levels of completeness a 'Digitisation' scheme has been adopted to quantify the level of digitisation of a collection from Saarenmaa et al. 2019, ranging from 'not digitised' to extensively digitised, recorded in a progressive scale of MIDS (Minimal Information for Digital Specimen). The applicability of this preliminary classification will be discussed and visualized in a Collection Digitisation Dashboards (CDD) to demonstrate how the implementation of a collection description standard allows the identification of existing gaps in taxonomic and geographic coverage and levels of digitisation of natural history collections. This set of common classification schemes and dashboard design (van Egmond et al. 2019) will be contributed to the <u>TDWG Collection Description</u> interest group to ultimately arrive at the common goal of a 'World Collection Catalogue'.
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Tillman, Barry. "Human Factors Standards for Space Habitation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 4 (1986): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000414.

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Nasa is developing a Man/System Integration Standard. It is to be a single source for human factors engineering standards for the design and development of space habitats. Included in this paper is a discussion of the Anthropometrics, Architecture, Activity Centers, and Health Management sections of the standard. There is a brief description of the general contents of each of these sections and some of the human factors considerations that are unique to the space environment.
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Zhang, Nan Nan, Hong Yuan Guo, Yu Hong Zhang, and Yang Bai. "Agricultural Environment Standards and Economic Sustainable Development." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4383.

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Based on the general description of agricultural environment standards and view of economic sustainable development, the paper puts forwards that system can ensure economic sustainable development , and illustrates the system features of agricultural environment standards, therefore, holds that agricultural environment standards is system safeguard to achieve economic sustainable development. Finally, it raises some proposals to perfect China’s agricultural environment standards in order to make the economy keep sustainable development.
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ROSENTHAL, JOACHIM. "A POLYNOMIAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RIJNDAEL ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 02, no. 02 (2003): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498803000532.

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The paper gives a polynomial description of the Rijndael Advanced Encryption Standard recently adopted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Special attention is given to the structure of the S-Box.
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