Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Designation par le regard'
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Dericquebourg, Guy. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie de conception des interfaces opérateur incluant une commande visuelle." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9ce4fb47-1fb5-4c7e-9549-bd476a4b84de.
Full textCharbonnier, Colette. "La commande oculaire : étude et validation expérimentale d'interfaces homme-machine controlées par la direction du regard." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10120.
Full textLopez, Stéphanie. "Classification d’images à partir d’une annotation implicite par le regard." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4115/document.
Full textOne daunting challenge of Content Based Image Retrieval systems is the requirement of annotated databases. To limit the burden of annotation, this thesis proposes a system of image annotation based on gaze data. The purpose is to classify a small set of images according to a target category (binary classification) in order to classify a set of unseen images. First, we have designed a protocol based on visual preference paradigm in order to collect gaze data from different groups of participants during a category identification task. Among the gaze features known to be informative about the intentions of the participants, we have determined a Gaze-Based Intention Estimator (GBIE), computable in real-time; independent from both the participant and the target category. This implicit annotation is better than random annotation but is inherently uncertain. In a second part, the images annotated by the GBIE from the participants’ gaze data are used to classify a bigger set of images with an algorithm that handles label uncertainty: P-SM combining classification and regression SVM. We have determined among different strategies a criterion of relevance in order to discriminate the most reliable labels, involved in the classification part, from the most uncertain labels, involved in the regression part. The average accuracy of P-SVM is evaluated in different contexts and can compete with the performances of standard classification algorithm trained with true-class labels. These evaluations were first conducted on a standard benchmark for comparing with state-of-the-art results and later conducted on food image dataset
Kurihara, Yui. "Les énoncés nominaux en français au regard du japonais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA060/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the noun phrases in written French outside of the context of verbal utterances, but nevertheless referring to the world. In order to illuminate such nominal phrases from a new angle, which have traditionally only been considered with respect to the sentence, i.e. to the predication between a subject and a predicate, this study calls them nominal utterances and adopts the perspective of Japanese grammar, which has not been influenced by the logic of Occidental grammar. In the definitions of Jutsu-tai and Kan-tai put forth by YAMADA Yoshio 山田孝雄 (1936), — verbal utterance and nominal utterance, respectively — a foundational text on Japanese grammar to which this study engages with, YAMADA defines nominal enunciations in contrast to verbal enunciations as a specific mode of anchoring. Whereas the reference to the world of Jutsu-tai (verbal utterances) is defined at the semantic-syntactic level by the presence of a conjugated verb with its arguments, (Kan-tai), utterances consisting of a noun phrase, which are not intended to assume a specific syntactic role per se, acquire the possibility of functioning as an utterance by the mode of enunciation itself. This mode, called « Yobikake shij-suru yôtai (mode of designation by naming) » (YAMADA), which this study translates as “designation in situ,” is characterised by establishing the relationship between the utterer and the referent of the noun phrase. This relationship distinguishes the nominal enunciation from the verbal enunciation by establishing the relationship between two arguments at semantic-syntactic level
Laloue, René Favarel-Garrigues Bernard. "La psychose selon Freud ou D'un regard par-dessus le mur /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l' Harmattan, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37214267p.
Full textFreyermuth, Samson. "Stratégies cognitives d’exploration par le regard : étude en électro-encéphalographie intracrânienne." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066443.
Full textGIACOMONI, FREDERIQUE. "Etude de la strategie du regard chez le schizophrene par une methode d'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE6550.
Full textGelot, Philippe. "La leçon d'anatomie du docteur Nicolaes Tulp, par Rembrandt : un nouveau regard." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25210.
Full textPhilizot, Vivien. "La construction du champ visuel par le design graphique : une épistémologie du regard." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC035.
Full textFrom the intersection of the fields of graphic design, visual studies and epistemology, this thesis explores the political dimension of the gaze through a critical reading of modernity in graphic design. In this history, which borrows from Bruno Latour and Philippe Descola, graphic design emerges as a discipline that, in the modern period, has been devoted to the work of representing. Like the sciences, the visible has been subjected to a “Great Divide,” which has participated in how our visual space is constructed and structured by imbuing the modern gaze with its biases and inclinations. Categories that now appear in visual form seem to be able, through metaphor, to contain more fundamental epistemological distinctions. They also allow us to see how the principles of vision (ways of seeing) are in some sense also principles of division (ways of knowing and understanding)
Lablack, Adel. "Estimation du regard dans un environnement contrôlé." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841161.
Full textPhothisane, Philippe. "Taxinomie du comportement de consommateurs par le suivi de la pose et du regard." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066488.
Full textThis doctoral research is part of the O'Sell project, a collaboration between Eikeo and ISIR. The main objective is to develop three new computer vision tools aimed to be relevant for consumer behaviour analysis: a head pose tracker, an eye gaze tracker and an estimator of age and gender. Head pose tracking is used to measure consumer attention and to trigger other processes. Our method uses a 3D morphable model and a composite metric abling it to track down unknown faces. The tracking is tested on our motion capture video database. Its ground truth is extremely accurate (RMS 0,1°) and we thus measured our head pose tracker RMS errors: 2. 2° horizontally and 3. 6° vertically. Our remote eye gaze tracker measures the centre of attention more accurately than head pose tracking without any embedded device. The tracking is done with infrared corneal reflections. Although our eye tracker uses existing methods, it is operating in difficult conditions. The project's specifications require a wider angle compared to existing devices and forbids any cooperation from consumers. It is thus impossible to retrieve high resolution images of the eye or to individually calibrate the system to improve the accuracy. Despite these constraints, we obtain low RMS errors: 3. 7 horizontally and 4. 3 vertically. \vspace{0. 2cm} Our age and gender estimators categorize tracked consumers using a multi-scale description of the face. A single gender classifier and several age boundaries classifiers are learned on a large database (over 9000 images) collected over the internet. We obtain good results for automated gender recognition (over 90% on several databases) and automated age estimation (typical errors from 5 to 7 years depending on age and gender) on the 5000 images contained in the test database
Comat, Ioana. "Se construire et s'affirmer par les lieux : un regard sur les présences autochtones à Montréal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30530/30530.pdf.
Full textKEY WORDS: Montreal, Quebec, cultural geography, Indian Act, Native Friendship Centres movement, place, subject, narrative. This thesis is based on the fact that the Indian Act confines the existence of First Nations in the heterotopic space of reserves, thus not only conditioning their ways of conceiving and identifying themselves, but also their relationships with and within the city. On the premise of a consubstancial association between Aboriginals and Indian reserves, it is hardly surprising that urban Aboriginal presence had been seen by the Canadian government first as equivalent to rural exodus, then synonymous with a cultural dissolution within the ‘‘host’’ society. In order to deconstruct the ideological incarceration of Aboriginal communities in legally defined territories, this thesis explores the experiences of Aboriginal peoples in Montreal and, more specifically, with one of its oldest institutions, the Native Friendship Centre. So as to contribute in reconstructing the representations of urban Aboriginal presence, we propose firstly to restore the memory of this place through the experiences of those who made its history, secondly to analyze the social movement rhetoric carried by the Regroupement des Centres d’amitié autochtones du Québec and thirdly, to enrich its goal of transformation by looking back on testimonials from people more or less external to the Centre. The participative nature of this research provides an opportunity to rethink the conceptual apparatus generally used to address the experiences of Aboriginal peoples in cities while rendering visible the historical and cultural heritage of Montreal’s Aboriginal presence. In this way, cultural geography’s theoretical perspectives, in particular the triptych place / subject /narrative, allows us to contribute to the emerging field of study concerned with Aboriginal people in urban areas.
Baltazar, Matias. "Contact par le regard et processus de référence à soi : mécanismes cognitifs et enjeu thérapeutique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080116.
Full textEye contact is known to have diverse effects on human cognition and behaviour. It stimulates memory for faces, promotes prosocial actions and increases positive appraisal of others. This thesis aims at better characterizing the mechanisms underlying the eye contact effects and investigating their therapeutic potential. The exhaustive review of the eye contact effects leads us to the proposal that these effects are by-products of self-referential processing evoked by eye contact, i.e. a cognitive mechanism designed to attribute personal meaning to stimuli. In line with this view, we demonstrated that eye contact enhances interoceptive self-awareness (Experiment 1). Results obtained using brain imagery (Experiment 2) strongly suggest that this effect is indeed subtended by self-referential processing. Moreover, we explicitly emphasize that the eye contact effects reflect positive impacts on human cognition, and as such may open new ways of improving the quality of life in individuals with various conditions where the mechanisms improved by eye contact are precisely impaired. In line with this proposal, we demonstrated that the effects of eye contact on memory for faces and on other’s appraisal are preserved in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (Experiment 3). Therefore, these effects may be used to enhance the quality of their social exchanges
Lallouche, Karim. "Modulation des réflexes de stabilisation du regard par des fortes et faibles doses de tabac." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES040.
Full textVermandel, Sébastien. "Accès aux systèmes d'information pour les handicapés moteurs grâce à la commande par le regard." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1371.
Full textGuillon, Quentin. "Traitement des visages par les jeunes enfants avec un TSA : études en suivi du regard." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20091.
Full textFaces are important for social interactions as they convey important information about social environment. Impairment in social interactions is one of the core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and has been related to atypical face processing. Here, we investigated face processing in preschool children with ASD using eye-tracking methodology. In the first study, we showed that young children with ASD, just like typically developing children are sensitive to face-like objects suggesting that processing first order configuration is intact in ASD. According to these results, the nature of facial representation might be qualitatively similar between groups. In the second study, we tested the presence of a left gaze bias in response to faces presented at central vision. A lack of left gaze bias was found in young children with ASD, reflecting atypical right hemispheric lateralization for face processing. Finally, the third study analyzed the visual scanning of static faces and showed an abnormal exploration pattern limited to the eyes. Overall, these studies argue for the presence of configural face processing in preschoolers with ASD despite differences in strategy from typically developing children. Futures studies will have to specify the mechanisms underlying atypical configural face processing in ASD
Dahmane, Afifa. "Estimation du regard à partir de la vidéo." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10010/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to estimate the pose of a human head frommonocular images. The goal is to have a feedback from the user on the direction of hisgaze, and this is done in a non-intrusive manner. This area of research is very activegiven the evolution of the communication interfaces between a human and a machine,especially as many challenges are still there. In particular, the robustness of the system,its invariance to the identity of individuals and enlightenment.The approach we propose is based on the bilateral symmetry of the face. We usefeatures extracted from the symmetry to estimate head pose through learning. Thefeatures used are geometric but extracted holistically from the whole texture of the face,without the need for specifc points or contours.These features have been experimentally validated by means of publicly availabledatabases of images and videos dedicated to head pose estimation. Supervised learningand regression have been used to build models of poses. These models have been testedon video sequences different from the bases used for learning. The estimation error hasbeen calculated and the results are superior or equivalent to the state of the art
Guntz, Thomas. "Estimation du niveau d'expertise à partir du regard et des émotions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM030.
Full textIn this thesis, we are concerned with enabling technologies for collaborative intelligent systems.Effective collaboration requires that both the human and the computer share an understanding of their respective roles and abilities.In particular, it requires an ability to monitor the intentions and awareness of the partner in order to determine appropriate actions and behaviors.Cognitive science has much to offer in such an effort.In recent decades, researchers in cognitive science have developed theories and models that describe human abilities for attention, awareness, understanding, and problem-solving.In this thesis, we explore how such theories can inform informatics to enable technologies for Collaborative Artificial Intelligence.In particular, we use observations of humans with different levels of expertise engaged in solving classic chess problems to explore the effectiveness of models for visual attention, awareness, understanding, and problem-solving.We have constructed an instrument for capturing and interpreting multimodal signals of humans engaged in solving problems using off-the-shelf commercially available components combined with in-house software.Our instrument makes it possible to record body posture, gestures, facial expressions, pupil dilation, eye-scan, and fixation, as well as player interactions with the chess problem.When combined with self-reports, these recordings make it possible to construct computer models for the awareness and understanding of the game situation during problem-solving using concepts and models from cognitive science literature.As a first experiment, chess players were recorded while engaged in problems of increasing difficulty.These recordings were used to estimate a participant’s awareness of the current situation and to predict the ability to respond effectively to threats and opportunities.Analysis of the recordings demonstrates how eye-gaze, body posture, and emotional features can be used to capture and model situation awareness.This experiment validated the use of our equipment as a general and reproducible tool for the study of participants engaged in screen-based interaction involving problem-solving and suggested improvements that were possible for future experiments.These initial experiments revealed an unexpected observation of rapid changes in emotion as players attempt to solve challenging problems.Attempts to explain this observation have led us to explore the role of emotion in reasoning during problem-solving.In the second part of the thesis, we review the literature on emotion and propose a cognitive model that describes how emotions influence the process by which subjects select chunks (concepts) for use in interpretation of a game situation.In particular, it is well known that problem-solving is strongly constrained by limits on the number of phenomena that can be considered at a time.To overcome this limit, human experts rely on abstraction to form new concepts (chunks) from emotionally salient phenomena.Our experiments indicate that emotion plays an important role, not only in the formation of concepts but also in the selection of concepts to use in reasoning.We hypothesize that expert players retain associations of concept with emotions in long-term memory and use these to guide the selection of concepts for reasoning.This view is in accordance with Damasio's Somatic Marker hypothesis (from 1991), which posits that emotions guide behavior, particularly when cognitive processes are overloaded.We present initial results from a follow-on experiment designed to explore the fidelity of our model and to search for evidence of the role of emotion in solving problems.Our model suggests that an association of emotions with recognized situations guides experts in their selection of partial game configurations for use in exploring the game tree
Aït-El-Djoudi, Dalila. "La guerre d'Algérie vue par l'ALN, 1954-1962 : l'armée française sous le regard des combattants algériens /." Paris : Éd. Autrement, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40957190t.
Full textBibliogr. p. 234-237. Glossaire. Index. L'ISSN exact est : 1636-8649.
Gagneux, Antoine Emptoz Hubert. "Structuration des documents par l'exploitation de la dynamique du regard chez l'homme application aux documents web /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=gagneux.
Full textGagneux, Antoine. "Structuration des documents par l'exploitation de la dynamique du regard chez l'homme : application aux documents web." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0072/these.pdf.
Full textA paper-document is a complex and multi-layered object, which carries information on different levels. Among these levels, the layout of the page highly determines the usability and the visual readability of documents. In order to analyse the document, an extraction of the structures physical, functional, and logical, has to be performed. Our project is to extend this document approach to web sites, hence assimilated as documents with informational structure. We will show that a web site, with a consistent set of pages and hypertext links, could indeed be comprehended as such a type of document. In an experimental study, we used an eye-tracking device to record and analyse the eye path, first on web pages (considered as document-images) and then on web documents. This approach allows new openings on the treatment of documents based on a comprehensive analysis and understanding of document structure
Chakroun, Mohamed Ridha. "Publicité trompeuse des médicaments : la place de la régulation par les prescripteurs et les consommateurs au regard de la régulation par la tutelle." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0009.
Full textRegulation of misleading advertising for prescription drugs has dramatic consequences on consumers, prescribers and pharmaceutical companies. The scope of this research concerns the effectiveness of the regulation by the authority and the additional contribution of a regulation driven by consumers. A literature review and an exploratory study allow us to infer that the regulation exercised by the authority counteracts economic impact on the drugs under scrutiny due to the asymmetry of the information flow, which is detrimental to both consumers and prescribers. Supported by researches focused on trust, consumer resistance and social judgeability, we have implemented an experimental framework with the aim to reveal the deception. The results show an effect of the disclosure of deception on purchase intentions and recommendations as well as on the perception of the customer respect and the perception of company ethics. Trust plays a mediating role. We calculated relative risks corresponding to the direct costs avoided by the virtuous companies or incurred by companies using misleading advertising. We replicated the experiment in the context of a sequence of two advertisements. We highlight the risks for a fair advertising to be associated with a misleading one. We discuss the promotional practices of pharmaceutical companies to suggest managerial applications and paths of further researches
Vermette, Stéphane. "Au-delà des clichés : le regard porté sur le Zaïre par la bande dessinée au XXe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51169.pdf.
Full textGuellaï, Bahia. "Reconnaissance des visages par le nouveau-né : étude du rôle du langage, du regard et du mouvement." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H117.
Full textA few hours after birth newborns are already able to recognize faces. Research on unfamiliar face recognition at birth used photographs and abstract stimuli. However, in everyday life, faces speak, look, move. . . All of these elements perceived in combination could modulate face recognition at birth. The present work aimed at answering this question by presenting faces in interactive situations, using video films. A first series of experiments evidenced the influence of language on face recognition at birth. A second series showed that it is the association between direct gaze and language that is important in face recognition. A third series showed that rigid motion (of the head) and non-rigid motion (of internal features) presented together in synchrony with the flow of speech, as it is the case in a talking face, facilitated face recognition by newborn infants. In addition, when faced with two abstract configurations of a talking face in which only the rigid and non-rigid movements are specified in synchrony with the speech, newborns can rapidly detect the configuration that is congruent with the sentence heard. The work of this thesis by proposing a methodology closer to real life situations provides new evidence for early social-cognitive skills already present at birth
Ballout, Jean-Marie. "Territorialisation par "ville nouvelle" au Maghreb. Regard croisé sur les projets d'Ali Mendjeli ( Constantine) et de Tamansourt (Marrakech)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994394.
Full textOkila, Vinc Denalet. "La reconstruction économique des territoires ravagés par des conflits armés au regard de la Charte des Nations Unies." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD068/document.
Full textRésumé non communiqué
Vergé, Françoise. "Rôles et valeurs sémantico-syntaxiques du regard et des mouvements oculaires en Langue de Signes Française." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082004.
Full textMassé, Benoît. "Etude de la direction du regard dans le cadre d'interactions sociales incluant un robot." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM055/document.
Full textRobots are more and more used in a social context. They are required notonly to share physical space with humans but also to interact with them. Inthis context, the robot is expected to understand some verbal and non-verbalambiguous cues, constantly used in a natural human interaction. In particular,knowing who or what people are looking at is a very valuable information tounderstand each individual mental state as well as the interaction dynamics. Itis called Visual Focus of Attention or VFOA. In this thesis, we are interestedin using the inputs from an active humanoid robot – participating in a socialinteraction – to estimate who is looking at whom or what.On the one hand, we want the robot to look at people, so it can extractmeaningful visual information from its video camera. We propose a novelreinforcement learning method for robotic gaze control. The model is basedon a recurrent neural network architecture. The robot autonomously learns astrategy for moving its head (and camera) using audio-visual inputs. It is ableto focus on groups of people in a changing environment.On the other hand, information from the video camera images are used toinfer the VFOAs of people along time. We estimate the 3D head poses (lo-cation and orientation) for each face, as it is highly correlated with the gazedirection. We use it in two tasks. First, we note that objects may be lookedat while not being visible from the robot point of view. Under the assump-tion that objects of interest are being looked at, we propose to estimate theirlocations relying solely on the gaze direction of visible people. We formulatean ad hoc spatial representation based on probability heat-maps. We designseveral convolutional neural network models and train them to perform a re-gression from the space of head poses to the space of object locations. Thisprovide a set of object locations from a sequence of head poses. Second, wesuppose that the location of objects of interest are known. In this context, weintroduce a Bayesian probabilistic model, inspired from psychophysics, thatdescribes the dependency between head poses, object locations, eye-gaze di-rections, and VFOAs, along time. The formulation is based on a switchingstate-space Markov model. A specific filtering procedure is detailed to inferthe VFOAs, as well as an adapted training algorithm.The proposed contributions use data-driven approaches, and are addressedwithin the context of machine learning. All methods have been tested on pub-licly available datasets. Some training procedures additionally require to sim-ulate synthetic scenarios; the generation process is then explicitly detailed
Regard, Muriel Guarracino Gérard. "Contribution à l'étude des mouvements d'air dans le bâtiment à l'aide d'un code de champ application à la ventilation naturelle d'un local par une ou deux grandes ouvertures /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2000. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=regard.
Full textLarroque, Claire. "La gestion des déchets par les sociétés industrielles au regard de la problématique environnementale : enjeux éthiques, sociaux et politiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H229.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the ethical, social and political issues raised by waste management of industrialized societies. Philosophical analyses of waste management generally adopt a symbolic approach that tends, in one hand, to ignore political and social issues and, on the other hand, to disregard the human-nature relation since environmental issues of waste management are limited to technical sphere. Yet, I suggest that this dual approach must be criticized and question the idea that technicians should deal with the waste treatment while philosophers (or sociologists) should only considerer the symbolic significance. This work argues that waste management of industrialized societies is not only a technical issue since its continuously in relation with the social sphere and among other things raises issues of justice. In this regard, I support that the environmental issue caused by waste management can only be grasped if we assume a conception of nature as community: when wastes affect (unevenly) the environment in which people live, wastes also have an impact on the populations because people nurture interdependent relationship with their environment. Once this has been established, I demonstrate that a cultural vision of environmental inequalities should be defended in order to identify and determine normative principles of waste justice
Lafleur, Julie. "L'évaluation psychosociale en regard des régimes de protection du majeur : trois logiques de pratique déployées par les travailleurs sociaux." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2565.
Full textBertin, Thomas. "Bases neurales de l'attention sélective auditive : influence de l'orientation de l'attention et de la direction du regard." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN3096.
Full textAL, AZMI ALI. "La légitimité de l'État du Koweït au regard du droit international : son origine, sa contestation par l'Irak, son rétablissement et sa garantie par les Nations-Unies." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN11023.
Full textPicard, Joël. "Les représentations sociales partagées par des parents d'une école alternative en regard de l'apprentissage, de l'enseignement et de la participation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21815.pdf.
Full textCourtin, Fabrice. "Les dynamiques de peuplement induites par la crise ivoirienne dans l'espace ivoiro-burkinabè, au regard de la maladie du sommeil." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30064.
Full textThe armed conflict that broke out in Ivory Coast on september 19th 2002 resulted in major population displacements not only within Ivory Coast but also the neighbouring countries. These displacements have had a profound impact on the demography of West Africa with the disperal of about one million peole, with 550. 000 moving within Ivory Coast and further 450. 000 taking refuge in neighbouring countries. The largest recipient of refugees was Burkina Faso which received 360. 000 displaced people. Viewing the recent crisis against the wider historical paespective of migration between Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast over the last 100 years (1900-2007), the present study analysed the impact on demography, the environment and the health of both resident and refugee populations. Studies were undertaken in three study areas, each of ~200 km2. One site was located at Bonon, within the Ivorian forested zone, and the other two sites, Folonzo and Gbalara, were within the savannah zone of southern Burkina Faso. Our results have implications for the management of human migration between countries, especially with respect to issues relating to land tenure which lie at the heart of numerous conflicts in Africa, in general, and in Ivory Coast in particular. The results from studies performed in Bonon illustrated the numerous inter-communal tensions which, in turn, exacerbaate the risk of HAT developing. The results indicate key village-, national- and regional-scale factors which may contribute to the development HAT during periods of upheaval. Recommendations for identifying sites for medical intervention are made
Lopis, Desirée. "Préservation des effets bénéfiques de deux indices contextuels dans la maladie d’Alzheimer ? : les odeurs et le contact par le regard." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100106/2019PA100106.pdf.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered as a major public health concern. Given the poor outcomes associated with pharmacological approaches in dementia care, development and validation of non-pharmacological interventions have been promoted lately. Odors and direct gaze (i.e. another individual’s gaze directed to the observer leading to eye contact) are two contextual cues that are known to influence positively a wide range of cognitive processes in normal cognition. In this work, we aim to determine whether odors and direct gaze effects are preserved in normal ageing and in AD patients at the early stages of the disease. We namely aim to test whether, in these two populations i) direct gaze induces more positive appraisal of others and enhances memory for faces and for face-name association, ii) odors can be considered as particularly relevant cues to stimulate autobiographical memories as compared to other sensory cues, iii) a cumulative effect of odors and direct gaze effects on others’ appraisal and on memory for faces can be observed (data only recorded in healthy young to date). Our work explores these issues through four sets of behavioral studies, one of which also includes eye-tracking recording. Overall, our results suggest that direct gaze effects are preserved in normal ageing and in AD patients: perceiving a direct gaze influences positively others’ appraisal (study 1) and can increase memory for faces and for name (although it does not increase the memory of face-name association – study 2). In addition, we showed that olfactory and visual stimulation can be considered as a more relevant tool for autobiographical memory stimulation than auditory stimulation (study 3). Finally, preliminary behavioral data suggest a predominance of odors’ effects over direct gaze’s ones on others’ appraisal in young subjects (study 4). We discuss our findings in the context of their clinical implications. We namely evoke some cognitive stimulation strategies for AD patients involving direct gaze and odors
Siffert, Carine. "Etude comparative du champ visuel et du champ du regard, de l'aphake corrigé par lenticulaire asphérique, FIT 40 et OMEGA." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M198.
Full textGasperini, Thomas. "L'imposition des plus values d'échanges de titres réalisées par les actionnaires de sociétés de capitaux : analyse au regard des restructurations d'entreprises." Paris 12, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA122001.
Full textExchange of shares in case of merger, division or transfer of assets leads shareholders to a pretty complex situation. Both taxable to capital gain tax and to income tax, they are subject to a double economic taxation. As a matter of fact, two different kinds of tax are levied on the same material profit. Concerning the capital gain tax, it is levied on the difference between the amount received on the disposal (the exchange) of qualifying securities and the amount spent on the acquisition of such securities. Concerning income tax, it can be levied on the profit issued from the distribution of shares. Since the EU directive of 23rd July 1990 sets up a common tax system applicable in Europe, some common rules are applicable to mergers, divisions and exchanges of shares. Article 8 of the directive specifies that the one of these operations, the allotment of securities representing capital of the receiving or acquiring company to a shareholder of the transferring or acquired company in exchange for securities representing the capital of the later company shall not, of itself, gives rise to any taxation of the income, profits or capital gains that shareholder. If such a treatment can de considered in theory as favourable for the shareholders, in fact the situation is quite different. Shareholders can either be exempted from tax in case of the cancellation of the receiving company's holding in the capital of transferring company or the victim of an economic double taxation on the profit issued from the exchange of shares if a "boni de fusion" (a kind of winding up profit in case of merger) appears. This treatment can thus be criticised on the one hand, due to specific tax system applied to the exchange of shares and on the other hand to the taxation of the capital gain in French tax law. To conclude, this study lead us to extend the analysis from the specific situation of the taxation of the capital gain issued from exchanges of shares to a larger analysis of the theoretical aspects of the taxation of the capital gain in French law and her consequences in case of corporate reorganization
Tarantini, Clément. "Le risque infectieux au regard des pratiques d'acteurs : une anthropologie "par le bas" de la gestion du risque infectieux à l'hôpital." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0095.
Full textBased on ethnographic investigation, this dissertation examines the social construction of infectious risk management practices among health care professionals in a hospital unit for Infectious and Tropical Diseases. Such units are specifically designed to take on patients who are contagious or suspected of being so and are front-line responders to epidemic health crises: problems linked to hospital-acquired infections (HAI) and the containment of epidemics are thus of crucial importance. In order to respond to these threats, the units are equipped with a number of heterogeneous objects aimed at limiting the circulation and the transmission of infections agents: expert knowledge, recommendations, protective equipment, spatial organization, etc. These multiple objects, varied in nature but common in purpose, make up what I call isolation dispositifs. In addition, the particular feature of the observed unit is that it is at the center of an HAI prevention project – within the framework of which this investigation was carried out – based on the development of a socio-technical innovation reinforcing these isolation dispositifs: an “automated” audit of hand hygiene. This anthropological work is an invitation to move away from the notion of risk as it has been apprehended by public health, and to look more toward the agencements of risk that actors practices are built upon. Thus unfurl some of the lines that make up these agencements, the ways in which they are connected, diverge, and play against each other. In following these lines, the social dynamics implicated in the construction of preventive practices in the face of infectious risk, as well as their social differentiated nature, come to the surface. These lines can be of at least three sorts: historic, normative, and sensitive. The first shed light as much on the long history inherited by today’s infectious and tropical disease wards and their isolation dispositifs, as on the specificities of a local history, each shaping in its own way the faces of care and the relationship towards infectious risk. The second are normative in the sense that they are derived directly from the processes by which isolation dispositifs and sociotechnical innovations contribute to shaping actors practices. These lines then give way to questions about evaluations and assessment and judgements that caregivers might have about these dispositifs, the ways in which they compose, assemble and negotiate with them in order to engage in care-giving activities that imply facing invisible dangers embodied in infectious pathogenic agents. The third are certainly the most obscured by prevention experts, as the question of emotions and feelings enters into conflict with scientific rationality. And yet, feelings of fear and disgust, as much as the experience of filth associated with the latter, are at the core of forms of socialization and professional strategies central in the construction of the relationship toward infectious risk. The study of these sensitive lines is a prerequisite to a better understanding of actors practices. At a time when bacterial resistance is emerging as a new challenge in the fight against HAI, and when (re)emerging diseases are at the center of concerns for health care authorities, health professionals, and even more so those who are on the “front line” working in infectious and tropical disease wards, play a decisive role in the fight against new infectious risks. Exposing the social anchors of risk through empirical and qualitative studies constitutes, without a doubt, an essential contributive step toward the prevention of HAI and to the management of these new epidemics. Many other lines are yet to be explored
Christiaen, Pierre. "Contribution aux recherches en Adéquation Algorithme Architecture dans le cadre de la conception d'un suiveur de regard "tête libre" par caméra." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-81.pdf.
Full textZazoun, Flavie. "Variations autour du Livre d’Esther : de la vision biblique au regard porté par la littérature et les arts sur les personnages." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040042.
Full textStarting with a study of Racine's Esther, this thesis analyses the biblical story and its sources and follows its literary, artistic and religious becoming through the centuries and across Europe. This "genetic" approach results in a tableau portraying a wide variety of artistic creations. The biblical story appears to have been counted among a number of founding texts which contributed to a common (European) culture. Composed four centuries before our era, its uses and applications go beyond the religious and the liturgical. The figure of Esther quickly came to be seen as an archetype of the faithful: she is associated by analogy with Mary the mediator and recognised as an exemplary queen. More broadly, Esther and Ahasuerus represent the perfect model of the royal couple. Through the ages, the Book of Esther has inspired many artists and writers. Amidst the huge corpus of re-writings, theatrical adaptations hold a prominent place, made up of both tragedies and parodies. If Mordecai remains worthy of praise, Haman is generally portrayed as an object of rebuke or ridicule. Because it abolishes geographical, historical, political and social borders, this text is at the source of an important part of European heritage
Faure, Anne. "Architecture/arts visuels : une expérimentation de la perception visuelle, par la vidéo numérique, considérée comme instrument de la pensée architecturale." Paris 1, 2010. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=/Infodoc/ged/viewPortalPublished.ashx?eid%3DIFD_FICJOINT_0000302.
Full textZorman, Sarah. "Nouveau regard sur la signalisation AMPK : multiples fonctions de nouveaux interacteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877237.
Full textDésage, Simon-Frédéric. "Contraintes et opportunités pour l'automatisation de l'inspection visuelle au regard du processus humain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA028/document.
Full textThis research has the ambition to contribute to the automation of visual inspection, in the quality control of complex geometry metal parts. Firstly, many optical techniques, scanning, implementation of photorealistic rendering, classification of images or data, and pattern recognition are already highly developed and applied in each particular areas. But they are not, or rarely, in special cases, combined for a complete scanning method of appearance to the recognition, effective and perceptual, of object and aesthetic anomalies.This work benefited from the advancements of previous thesis on the formalization of quality control, as well as an agile system of surface appearance scanning to highlight the diversity of aesthetic anomalies surfaces. Thus, the major contribution lies in the adaptation of image processing methods to the formal structure of quality control, rich appearance data format and classification methods to achieve recognition as the human controller.In this sense, the thesis deciphers the different methodologies related to quality control, the human controller processes, surface appearance defects, the managements and processing of visual information, to the combination of all these constraints for a partial substitution system of the human controller. The aim of the thesis is to identify and reduce sources of variability to obtain better quality control, including through the intelligent and structured automation of visual inspection. From a selected computer vision device, the proposed solution is to analyze visual texture. This is regarded as a global signature of superior visual appearance information to a single image containing images textures. The analysis is performed with pattern recognition and machine learning mechanisms to develop automatic detection and evaluation of appearance defects
Jaworski, Véronique. "Les bruits de voisinage : éléments juridiques des politiques de lutte au regard de l'état actuel de l'environnement sonore et de son évolution." Strasbourg 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30010.
Full textNoise has become the first pollution in everyday life. It affects man in his most treasured possession: health and quality of life. But the fight against neighburhood noise changes slowly, due to its low political priority and to its unclear objectives. However, legal tools and institutions are numerous and are developing. Many statutory and regulatory provisions deal with this problem in the area of transport, city planning, activities and noisy objects. The passing of a special law, dated december 31, 1992, relating to noise prevention, gives priority to prevention, control and monitoring actions, to the new basic principles of overall noise pollution prevention policies. But this framework law is simply an addition to existing texts scattered in differents codes and laws. It does not fix any of the law's inadequacies, which law remains heterogeneous and complex, and difficult to implement. Noise pollution prevention should be perceived by all as a major challenge, which should be part of overall long-term policies. Faced with this pollution, which often leads to difficult to repair damage or generates inextricable situations, prevention should be preferred. The profusion of applicable rules in the area of noise tends to institute a modus vivendi in neighbourhoods. Even so, it may be necessary to react to a breach of a neighbour's peace, using liability and criminal and/or civil sanctions. Both main lines of the legal fight against noise are prevention and sanctioning, and can, in the framework of overall anti-noise policies, be combined, successive simultaneous to, or supplement one another
Ju, Qinjie. "Utilisation de l'eye-tracking pour l'interaction mobile dans un environnement réel augmenté." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC011/document.
Full textEye-tracking has a very strong potential in human computer interaction (HCI) as an input modality, particularly in mobile situations. In this thesis, we concentrate in demonstrating this potential by highlighting the scenarios in which the eye-tracking possesses obvious advantages comparing with all the other interaction modalities. During our research, we find that this technology lacks convenient action triggering methods, which can scale down the performance of interacting by gaze. In this instance, we investigate the combination of eye-tracking and fixed-gaze head movement, which allows us to trigger various commands without using our hands or changing gaze direction. We have proposed a new algorithm for fixed-gaze head movement detection using only scene images captured by the scene camera equipped in front of the head-mounted eye-tracker, for the purpose of saving computation time. To test the performance of our fixed-gaze head movement detection algorithm and the acceptance of triggering commands by these movements when the user's hands are occupied by another task, we have implemented some tests in the EyeMusic application that we have designed and developed. The EyeMusic system is a music reading system, which can play the notes of a measure in a music score that the user does not understand. By making a voluntary head movement when fixing his/her gaze on the same point of a music score, the user can obtain the desired audio feedback. The design, development and usability testing of the first prototype for this application are presented in this thesis. The usability of our EyeMusic application is confirmed by the experimental results, as 85% of participants were able to use all the head movements we implemented in the prototype. The average success rate of this application is 70%, which is partly influenced by the performance of the eye-tracker we use. The performance of our fixed-gaze head movement detection algorithm is 85%, and there were no significant differences between the performance of each head movement. Apart from the EyeMusic application, we have explored two other scenarios that are based on the same control principles: EyeRecipe and EyePay, the details of these two applications are also presented in this thesis
Gbotogbia, Mathias Bonaventure. "La problématique de l'exercice des droits et devoirs par les Etats africains au Sud Sahara au regard des principes de bonne gouvernance." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0034.
Full textKerdreux, Anne Louise. "L'outre-mer au regard du droit européen et du droit international : evolutions statutaires influencées par le droit européen et le droit international." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0812.
Full textThe Overseas regions, countries and territories present various statuses inherited mainly from the major European Powers which placed them in a relationship of a common interest not only with their mother countries but also with the European Union (EU).However, these territories have continuously re-built between them historical and cultural links, and weaved relationship within the entire Overseas to appear as a constituted whole while negotiating with the EU.The outermost regions (OR) apply Community Law while the Overseas Countries and territories (OCT) situated outside the territory of the Community, have Association Arrangements with the EU.Denmark, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom have proceeded to necessary constitutional reforms to allow numerous articles amendments in respect of right to self-determination of peoples.At the light of statutory amendments and of a continuous economic and social development, the Outermost regions (OR) and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT), now wish to assert their rights and to defend their interests at European and International level.Globalisation of policies encourages OR and OCT to gather within International bodies. The rule of law of the related countries opens them to well-structured legal systems and to European values. The outermost geopolitical localisation makes them to have access to international relations.The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the interdependence between these different legal systems and the impact of European and International Law on the statutory amendments of the Overseas towards more autonomy, but also liabilities and involvement on their own development by using their regional environment, inter-regional and transnational cooperation and taking part at the works of international organisations
Urban, Jens. "La réception de la polygamie au regard du droit français et du droit canadien par rapport au mariage et à ses effets." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0011/document.
Full textThe nature of the marriage institution, or contract, experienced fundamental changes during the last few years in France and in Canada. In a first step, the thesis analyses why Canadian and French legislators do not allow polygamy after having liberalized almost all other aspects of marriage. Secondly, the research shows that the prohibition of polygamy results in several effects on personal and fundamental rights, which are sometimes corrected through legislation by accepting the polygamous relationship for specific purposes. Finally, the thesis examines the prohibition of polygamy in France and inCanada through a critical approach in order to then suggest an outlook for modifications to this general prohibition
Bou-serdane, Ismail. "Conceptions d’enseignants du primaire marocain au regard des démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en place pour l’opérationnalisation de la pédagogie de l’intégration." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/132.
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