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1
Wehlin, Camilla. "Optimization-Based Configurators in the Product Development Process." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176088.
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Requirements from the market on customer responsiveness and pressure on the environmental profiles of companies, both internally and externally, are challenging companies to amend their processes in all possible aspects in order to stay competitive. For product development companies, the challenges often lie in developing and delivering products rapidly, customized and meeting the set requirements. For highly customized products, mass customization is a term describing a company setting in which products meet each customer’s individual requirements but are still produced and delivered at near mass-production efficiency. The concept of mass customization is becoming a prerequisite for the survival of companies within this niche. For more complex engineering products, the complexity increases as new technology is introduced, which needs to be integrated to increase the product’s performance at a rapid pace. Also for complex products, the level of customization is increasing, which motivates the support of tools enabling an increase in customization. In both mass customized and complex products, the obstacles to overcome are the repetitive resource inefficient work, knowledge capture and reuse, uncoordinated processes, and a high number of iterations between departments within the company. This often boils down to the well-established so-called design paradox describing the lack of knowledge about a product and process in the early stages of design, where the design freedom is still high. As knowledge increases throughout the process, the design freedom in contrast shrinks, and the costs of changes increase exponentially. Design automation, design optimization and the use of configurators are all methods used to reduce repetitive work, increase and capture knowledge, and integrate the product development process. This thesis presents how configurators based on optimization can be used and integrated into the product development process of engineering intensive configurable products and components, such as engineer-to-order (ETO) products. Design automation and design optimization have been identified as key building blocks to extend the use of configurators. This has been done in two different application cases within two different research projects, to evaluate how these configurator systems may be modeled and utilized. The first application case concerns the automation of hose routing in vehicles and the second application case concerns spiral staircases intended for mass customization.
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Doucette, Hillary. "Commercial technology transfer optimization for drug substance process development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122594.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-72).<br>Commercial technology transfer for biopharmaceuticals is the process of transferring process and product knowledge between process development and manufacturing organizations to achieve product realization. This process often occurs before phase 3 of clinical trials, where speed and agility are critical for preventing delays in clinical programs and ensuring commercial site readiness ahead of regulatory approval. As the market is evolving with new modalities and subsequent operational challenges, there is a heightened need to optimize the technology transfer process to sustain growth of products entering an organization's pipeline. This graduate research project seeks to understand the business process workflow of commercial tech transfer and characterize its dynamics using discrete event simulation. Through this quantitative technique of business process modeling, knowledge regarding process bottlenecks and system constraints were revealed, leading to the identification of operational efficiencies which suggest a potential 19.5% reduction in lead times and 31.3% increase in organizational capacity. Furthermore, this work provides a platform for predicting program timelines and resource needs based on preliminary transfer requirements. These predictions can be updated in a Bayesian fashion for real-time project scheduling and capacity planning.<br>by Hillary Doucette.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management<br>S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Daley, John E. "Autonomic Product Development Process Automation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/965.
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Market globalization and mass customization requirements are forcing companies towards automation of their product development processes. Many task-specific software solutions provide localized automation. Coordinating these local solutions to automate higher-level processes requires significant software maintenance costs due to the incompatibility of the software tools and the dynamic nature of the product development environment. Current automation methods do not provide the required level of flexibility to operate in this dynamic environment. An autonomic product development process automation strategy is proposed in order to provide a flexible, standardized approach to product development process automation and to significantly reduce the software maintenance costs associated with traditional automation methods. Key elements of the strategy include a formal approach to decompose product development processes into services, a method to describe functional and quality attributes of services, a process modeling algorithm to configure processes composed of services, a method to evaluate process utility based on quality metrics and user preferences, and an implementation that allows a user to instantiate the optimal process. Because the framework allows a user to rapidly reconfigure and select optimal processes as new services are introduced or as requirements change, the framework should reduce burdensome software maintenance costs associated with traditional automation methods and provide a more flexible approach.
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Goren, Keith Daniel Joseph. "Optimization of the metamorphic development process via the genetic algorithm /." Full text available online, 2008. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Moreno, Benito Marta. "Integrated batch process development based on mixed-logic dynamic optimization." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145068.
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Specialty chemicals industry relies on batch manufacturing, since it requires the frequent adaptation of production systems to market fluctuations. To be first in the market, batch industry requires decision-support systems for the rapid development and implementation of chemical processes. Moreover, the processes should be competitive to ensure their long-term viability.
General-purpose and flexible plants and the consideration of physicochemical insights to define an efficient operation are also cornerstones for the success of specialty chemical industries. Precisely, this thesis tackles the systematic development of batch processes that are efficient, economically competitive, and environmentally friendly, to assist their agile introduction into production systems in grassroots and retrofit scenarios. Synthesis of conceptual processing schemes and plant allocation subproblems are solved simultaneously, taking into account the plant design.
With this purpose, an optimization-based approach is proposed, where all structural alternatives are represented in a State-Equipment Network (SEN) superstructure, following formulated into a Mixed-Logic Dynamic Optimization (MLDO) problem which is later solved to minimize an objective function. Essentially, the strength of the proposed methodology lies in the modeling strategy which combines the different kinds of decisions of the integrated problem in a unique optimization model. Accordingly, it considers: (i) synthesis and allocation alternatives combination, (ii) dynamic process performance models and dynamic control variable profiles, (iii) discrete events associated to transitions of batch phases and operations, (iv) quantitative and qualitative information, (v) material transference synchronization to ensure batch integrity between unit procedures, and (vi) batch and semicontinuous processing elements.
Different strategies can be used to solve the resulting MLDO problem. A deterministic direct-simultaneous approach is first proposed. The mixed-logic problem is reformulated into a mixed-integer one, which is fully-discretized to provide a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) that is optimized using conventional solvers. Then, a Differential Genetic Algorithm (DGA) and a hybrid approach are presented. The purpose of these evolutionary strategies is to pose solution alternatives that keep solution goodness while seek for the improvement of computational efficiency to handle industrial-size problems.
The optimization-based approach is applied in retrofit scenarios to solve the simultaneous process synthesis and plant allocation, taking into account the physical restrictions of existing plant elements. The production of specialty chemicals based on a competitive reactions system in an existing reactor network is first defined through process development and improvement according to different economic scenarios, decision criteria, and plant modifications. Additionally, a photo-Fenton process is optimized to eliminate an emergent wastewater pollutant in a given pilot plant, pursuing the minimization of processing time and cost.
Batch process development in grassroots scenarios is also proven to be a problem of utmost importance to deal with uncertainty in future markets. Seeking for plant flexibility in several demand scenarios, the expected profit is maximized through a two-stage stochastic formulation that includes simultaneous plant design, process synthesis, and plant allocation decisions. A heuristic solution algorithm is used to handle the problem complexity. A grassroots plant design is defined to implement the previous competitive reaction system, where decisions like the feed-forward trajectories or operating modes allow the adaptation of master recipes to different demands. Finally, an acrylic fiber production example is presented to illustrate process development decisions like the selection of tasks, technological alternatives, chemicals, and solvent reuse.<br>La indústria de productes químics especials es basa en la fabricació discontinua, ja que permet adaptar de forma freqüent els sistemes de producció en funció de les fluctuacions de mercat. Per ser líder al sector, són necessàries eines de suport a la decisió que ajudin a
l’àgil desenvolupament i implementació de nous processos. A més, aquests han de ser competitius per garantir la seva viabilitat a llarg termini. Altres peces clau per una operació eficient són l’ús de plantes flexibles així com l’estudi dels fenòmens fisicoquímics. Aquesta tesis aborda justament el desenvolupament sistemàtic de processos químics discontinus que siguin eficients, econòmicament competitius i ecològics, per contribuir a la seva ràpida introducció en els sistemes de producció, tant en escenaris de plantes existents com des de les bases. En concret, es planteja la resolució simultània de la síntesi conceptual d’esquemes de procés i l’assignació d’equips, tenint en compte el disseny de la planta.
Amb aquest objectiu, es proposa una metodologia de solució basada en optimització, on les alternatives estructurals es representen en una Xarxa d’Estats i Equips (SEN per les sigles en anglès) que es formula mitjançant un problema d’Optimització Dinàmica Mixta-Lògica (MLDO per les sigles en anglès) que es resol minimitzant una funció objectiu.
La solidesa de la metodologia proposada rau en la estratègia de modelat del problema MLDO, que integra els diferents tipus de decisions en un sol model d’optimització. En concret, es consideren: (i) la combinació d’alternatives de síntesi i assignació d’equips, (ii) models de procés i trajectòries de control dinàmics, (iii) esdeveniments discrets associats al canvi de fase i operació, (iv) informació quantitativa i qualitativa, (v) sincronització de
transferències de material en tasques consecutives, i (vi) elements de processat discontinus i semi-continus.
Existeixen diverses estratègies per resoldre el problema MLDO resultant. En aquesta tesi es proposa en primer lloc un mètode determinístic directe-simultani, on el model mixt-lògic es transforma en un mixt-enter. Aquest es discretitza al seu torn de forma completa per obtenir un problema de Programació No-Lineal Mixta-Entera (MINLP per les sigles en anglès) el qual es pot resoldre utilitzant algoritmes d’optimització convencionals. A més, es presenten un Algoritme Genètic Diferencial (DGA per les sigles en anglès) i un mètode híbrid. Totes dues estratègies esdevenen alternatives de cerca amb l’objectiu de mantenir la bondat de la solució i millorar l’eficàcia de computació per tractar problemes
de dimensió industrial.
La metodologia de solució proposada s’aplica al desenvolupament de processos discontinus en escenaris de plantes existents, tenint en compte les restriccions físiques dels equips. Un primer exemple aborda la manufactura de productes químics basada en un sistema de reaccions competitives. Concretament, es desenvolupa i millora el procés de producció implementat en una xarxa de reactors considerant diferents escenaris econòmics, criteris de decisió, i modificacions de planta. En un segon exemple, s’optimitza el procés foto-Fenton per ser executat en una planta pilot per eliminar contaminants emergents.
Buscant integrar el desenvolupament de procés i el disseny de plantes flexibles en escenaris de base, es presenta una formulació estocàstica en dues etapes per a optimitzar el benefici esperat d’acord a diversos escenaris de demanda. Per gestionar la complexitat d’aquest problema es proposa la utilització d’una heurística. Com a exemple, es planteja el disseny d’una planta de base on implementar l’anterior sistema de reaccions competitives.
Decisions com les trajectòries dinàmiques de control o la configuració d’equips permeten adaptar la recepta màster en funció de la demanda. Un darrer exemple defineix el procés de producció de fibra acrílica, il·lustrant decisions com la selecció de tasques, tecnologia, reactius o reutilització de dissolvents.<br>La industria productos químicos especiales se basa en la fabricación discontinua, la cual permite la adaptación frecuente de los sistemas de producción en función de las fluctuaciones de mercado. Para ser líder en el sector, son necesarias herramientas de soporte a la decisión que contribuyan al ágil desarrollo e implementación de nuevos procesos. Además, éstos deben ser competitivos para garantizar su viabilidad a largo plazo. Otras piezas clave para una operación eficiente son la utilización de plantas flexibles y el estudio de los fenómenos fisicoquímicos. Esta tesis aborda justamente el desarrollo sistemático de procesos químicos discontinuos que sean eficientes, económicamente competitivos y ecológicos, para contribuir a su rápida introducción en los sistemas de producción, ya sea en escenarios de plantas existentes o desde las bases. En particular, se plantea la resoluciónsimultánea de la síntesis conceptual de esquemas de proceso y la asignación de equipos, teniendo en cuenta además el diseño de planta.Con este fin, se propone una metodología de solución basada en optimización, donde todas las alternativas estructurales se representan en una Red de Estados y Equipos (SENpor sus siglas en inglés) que se formula mediante un problema de Optimización Dinámica Mixta-Lógica (MLDO por sus siglas en inglés) que se resuelve minimizando una función objetivo. La solidez de la metodología propuesta reside en la estrategia de modelado delproblema MLDO, que integra los diferentes tipos de decisiones en un solo modelo de optimización. En concreto, se consideran: (i) la combinación de alternativas de síntesis y asignación de equipos, (ii) modelos de proceso y trayectorias de control dinámicos, (iii)eventos discretos asociados al cambio de fase y operación, (iv) información cuantitativa y cualitativa, (v) sincronización de la transferencia de material en tareas consecutivas, y(vi) elementos de procesado discontinuos y semicontinuos.Existen diversas estrategias para resolver el problema MLDO resultante. En esta tesis se propone en primer lugar un método determinístico directo-simultáneo, donde el problema mixto-lógico se reformula en un mixto-entero. A su vez, éste se discretiza de formacompleta para obtener un problema de Programación No-Lineal Mixta-Entera (MINLP por sus siglas en inglés) el cual se puede resolver mediante algoritmos de optimización convencionales. Además, se presentan un Algoritmo Genético Diferencial (DGA por sussiglas en inglés) y un método híbrido. Ambas estrategias se plantean como alternativas de búsqueda con objeto de mantener la bondad de la solución y mejorar la eficacia de computación para tratar problemas de dimensión industrial.La metodología de solución propuesta se aplica al desarrollo de procesos discontinuos en escenarios con plantas existentes, teniendo en cuenta las restricciones físicas de los equipos. Un primer ejemplo aborda la fabricación de productos químicos basada en un sistema de reacciones competitivas. En concreto, se desarrolla y mejora el proceso de producción a implementar en una red de reactores considerando diferentes escenarios económicos, criterios de decisión, y modificaciones de planta. En un segundo ejemplo,se optimiza el proceso foto-Fenton a ser ejecutado en una planta piloto para eliminar contaminantes emergentes.Persiguiendo la integración del desarrollo de proceso con el diseño de plantas flexi-bles en escenarios base, se presenta asimismo una formulación estocástica en dos etapas para optimizar el beneficio esperado de acuerdo a varios escenarios de demanda. Paramanejar la complejidad de dicho problema se propone la utilización de una heurística.Como ejemplo, se plantea el diseño de una planta de base para implementar el anterior sistema de reacciones competitivas, donde decisiones como las trayectorias dinámicas de control o la configuración de equipos permiten adaptar la receta máster en función de lademandas. Por último, se presenta un ejemplo donde se define el proceso de producción de fibra acrílica, ilustrando decisiones como la selección de tareas, alternativas tecnológicas, reactivos químicos o la reutilización de disolventes.
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Kazantzi, Vasiliki. "Novel visualization and algebraic techniques for sustainable development through property integration." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4930.
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The process industries are characterized by the significant consumption of fresh
resources. This is a critical issue, which calls for an effective strategy towards more
sustainable operations. One approach that favors sustainability and resource
conservation is material recycle and/or reuse. In this regard, an integrated framework is
an essential element in sustainable development. An effective reuse strategy must
consider the process as a whole and develop plant-wide strategies. While the role of
mass and energy integration has been acknowledged as a holistic basis for sustainable
design, it is worth noting that there are many design problems that are driven by
properties or functionalities of the streams and not by their chemical constituency. In this
dissertation, the notion of componentless design, which was introduced by Shelley and
El-Halwagi in 2000, was employed to identify optimal strategies for resource
conservation, material substitution, and overall process integration.
First, the focus was given on the problem of identifying rigorous targets for material
reuse in property-based applications by introducing a new property-based pinch analysis
and visualization technique. Next, a non-iterative, property-based algebraic technique,
which aims at determining rigorous targets of the process performance in materialrecycle
networks, was developed. Further, a new property-based procedure for
determining optimal process modifications on a property cluster diagram to optimize the
allocation of process resources and minimize waste discharge was also discussed. In
addition, material substitution strategies were considered for optimizing both the process
and the fresh properties. In this direction, a new process design and molecular synthesis methodology was evolved by using the componentless property-cluster domain and
Group Contribution Methods (GCM) as key tools in developing a generic framework
and systematic approach to the problem of simultaneous process and molecular design.
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Mudhivarthi, Subrahmanya R. "Process optimization and consumable development for Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) processes." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002288.
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Liu, Lingshan. "Development and optimization of the tufting process for textile composite reinforcement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10029/document.
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Dans plusieurs industries, les composites 3D sont largement utilisés pour fabriquer les pièces composites épaisses et complexes. La technologie de piquage permet de lier des renforts secs ensemble ou de renforcer les composites dans l’épaisseur grâce à des fils structuraux. Cette thèse est consacrée au développement de cette technologie et à l'analyse de l'influence des paramètres de piquage sur les comportements de préformage et les propriétés mécaniques de la préforme et du composite piqués.Le procédé de piquage est décrit dans la thèse. La configuration d'équipement est conçue pour réaliser ce procédé. Les paramètres de piquage peuvent être contrôlés par l'utilisateur. L’influence de la profondeur de piquage sur les propriétés mécaniques des 3D préformes renforcées par le piquage est analysé. Des 3D échantillons composites sont piqués avec des profondeurs de piquage variées. Les résultats d’essais mécaniques en traction et l’analyse microscopique sur la section transverse de l’éprouvette montrent que la profondeur influence fortement les performances mécaniques des composites. Le contrôle de ces paramètres est indispensable pour optimiser l’utilisation du piquage et améliorer les propriétés des renforts assemblés. Les comportements de préformage du renforcement piqué dans le procédé d'emboutissage hémisphérique sont aussi analysés. L'influence des fils de piquage sur l’avalement des plis, le glissement entre les couches et le phénomène de plissement lors de la formation est démontrée. De plus, les orientations du fil de piquage ont affecté les résultats de formage, qui ont conduit à un défaut de désalignement dans la zone où le cisaillement dans le plan est fort<br>Three-dimensional fabrics are widely used in several industries to manufacture thicker and more complex composite parts. Tufting technology is employed to bond dry reinforcements together or to reinforce the composites in the thickness by structural yarns. The thesis is dedicated to the development of tufting technology and the analysis of the influence of tufting parameters on preforming behaviours and mechanical properties of tufted preform and composite. The tufting process and the self-designed equipment configuration are described in detail in the thesis. The tufting parameters can be completely controlled by user. Influence of tufting length through the thickness on mechanical properties of 3D tufted preform and composite is analysed in this study. 3D composite samples are prepared with varied tufting length. Tensile tests are carried out to determine the influence of the tuft length on the mechanical performance of tufted samples. The tensile results and microscopic analysis on the cross section of 3D specimen show that the tuft length strongly influences on the mechanical properties of composite. Therefore, the control of these parameters is necessary to optimize the tufting process and thus improve the mechanical performance of assembled thick reinforcements. The preforming behaviours of tufted 3D reinforcement in the hemispherical stamping process are also analysed. The experimental data demonstrates the influence of tufting yarns on the material draw-in, interply sliding, and winkling phenomenon during forming. Furthermore, the orientations of tufting yarn affected the forming results, which leaded to misalignment defect in the zone of strong in-plane shear
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Svensson, Marcus, and Daniel Haraldsson. "Integrating Design Optimization in the Development Process using Simulation Driven Design." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157374.
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This master thesis has been executed at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, Sweden. Scania is a manufacturer of heavy transport solutions, an industry which is changing rapidly in order to meet stricter regulations, ensuring a sustainable future. Continuous product improvements and new technologies are required to increase performance and to meet markets requirements. By implementing design optimization in the design process it enables the potential of supporting design exploration, which is beneficial when products with high performance are developed. The purpose was to show the potential of design optimization supported by simulation driven design as a tool in the development process. To examine an alternative way of working for design engineers, elaborating more competitive products in terms of economical and performance aspects. Furthermore, to minimize time and iterations between divisions by developing better initial concept proposals. The alternative working method was developed iteratively in parallel with a case study. The case study was a suction strainer and were used for method improvements and validation, as well as decision basis for the included sub-steps. The working method for implementing design optimization and simulation driven design ended up with a procedure consisted of three main phases, concept generation, detail design and verification. In the concept generation phase topology optimization was used, which turned out to be a beneficial method to find optimized solutions with few inputs. The detail design phase consisted of a parameterized CAD model of the concept which then was shape optimized. The shape optimization enabled design exploration of the concept which generated valuable findings to the product development. Lastly the optimized design was verified with more thorough methods, in this case verification with FE-experts. The working method was tested and verified on the case study component, this resulted in valuable knowledge for future designs for similar components. The optimized component resulted in a performance increase where the weight was decrease by 54% compared with a reference product.
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Hryhorenko, Oleksandr. "Development and optimization of mechanical polishing process for superconducting accelerating cavities." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS566/document.
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La production de masse de cavités accélératrices supraconductrices en régime radiofréquence (SRF) est un réel défi industriel non seulement du fait du nombre croissant de cavité pour les futurs grands projets mais également de par les besoins en terme de fiabilité, reproductibilité et performances demandées très proches des limites physiques du Niobium. De nos jours, XFEL (DESY) et le LHC (CERN) sont les deux accélérateurs les plus importants utilisant la technologie supraconductrice. Des projets accélérateurs encore plus ambitieux, tels que l’ILC (International Linear Collider) et FCC (Future Circular Collider) sont en cours d’étude. Pour de tels projets, il est encore nécessaire d’améliorer les performances et de réduire les coûts de fabrication et d’opération avant d’engager la phase d’industrialisation.Une voie d’amélioration des performances et de réduction des coûts a été étudiée. Ceci consiste à améliorer les procédés de nettoyage des surfaces. En effet, la pollution et les dommages causés à la structure cristalline durant la fabrication d’une cavité supraconductrice doivent être impérativement retirés afin de garantir des performances optimales. Cette régénération des surfaces est couramment réalisée à l’aide de deux types de polissages chimiques : par BCP (Buffered Chemical Polishing) ou par électro-polissage (EP). Cependant, ces techniques utilisent des acides très concentrés qui entrainent des coûts d’opération très conséquents du fait des problèmes de sécurité. Une voie d’amélioration pouvant rendre possible la construction de telles machines serait de remplacer totalement ou partiellement l’utilisation des acides par des techniques de polissage alternatives.Le polissage mécanique a été étudié durant des décennies et plus spécifiquement les techniques par centrifugation (CBP). Cette technique permet d’atteindre des rugosités de surface bien meilleures et est bien plus efficace pour retirer certains défauts de surface comparé aux procédés chimiques. Cependant, cette technique n’est pas envisageable comme solution alternative à cause des fortes pollutions de surface et des durées de traitement très longues. La première partie de la thèse a consisté à reproduire l’état de l’art, comprendre les limitations réelles de cette technique et essayer d’améliorer le procédé en réduisant la pollution de surface générée par le piégeage des abrasifs en surface ainsi que la durée de traitement (réduction du nombre d’étapes intermédiaires). Il a été conclu que ce procédé ne peut pas être considéré comme alternatif mais complémentaire aux traitements chimiques.La deuxième partie du travail de thèse s’est concentrée sur la méthode de polissage métallographique. Cette dernière ne peut s’appliquer que sur plaques et non sur des géométries complexes, cependant elle retire très efficacement toutes les impuretés et dommages cristallins formés durant la fabrication des tôles de Niobium. Un procédé optimisé à 2 étapes, inspiré des techniques conventionnelles (typiquement 5-6 étapes) a été développé avec succès et optimisé pour les contraintes particulières du Niobium pour les applications SRF. Ce procédé permet non seulement d’obtenir une rugosité de surface incomparable mais préserve également la structure cristalline. Des études complémentaires sont encore requises afin d’améliorer les techniques de formage des tôles ou même caractériser des solutions alternatives permettant des limiter les dégâts en surface et de préserver la qualité du matériau.Finalement, ce travail mené est d’une importance capitale pour le futur des cavités accélératrices supraconductrices, c’est-à-dire l’utilisation de nouveaux matériaux supraconducteurs sous forme de couche mince. La qualité des couches minces de ces matériaux alternatifs dépend très fortement de l’état de surface du substrat (typiquement niobium ou cuivre poly cristallin)<br>Large-scale production of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities is an industrial challenge, not only because of the increasing number of unit for future projects but also because of requirements in term of reliability, reproducibility and performances very close to the physical limit of polycrystalline bulk Niobium. Nowadays, XFEL (DESY) and LHC (CERN) are the largest existing accelerators which are based on SRF technology. Even more challenging SRF accelerator projects like ILC (International Linear Collider) and FCC (Future Circular Collider) are being studied. For such large-scale facilities, higher performances, reduction in fabrication and operation costs are required and essential to proceed with industrialization.A pathway to reduce these costs and improve performances has been studied in this work. It consists in optimizing the cleaning process of cavity surfaces. Indeed, pollution and crystal defects on the surface created during fabrication steps of a SRF cavity have to be removed to ensure optimal superconducting performances. In order to get rid of impurities and to recover crystal structure, two polishing techniques are routinely used: the buffered chemical polishing (BCP) and electro-polishing (EP). However, these techniques involve highly concentrated acids, which lead to high operation costs and safety concerns. A way to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and make the construction of future accelerators possible would be to replace or complement the conventional chemical polishing by alternative polishing techniques.Mechanical polishing has already been applied in SRF-community for decades by using centrifugal barrel polishing (CBP). This technique could provide a better surface roughness and could be more efficient at removing some surface defects compared to EP and BCP. However, this process does not satisfy requirements for large-scale production due to strong surface pollution and an extremely long processing time. The first part of the PhD work consisted in reproducing the state of the art, understanding its limitations and optimizing the recipe by the reduction of the surface pollution (embedded abrasives) and processing time (reduction of intermediate steps). As a conclusion to this first study, CBP could only be a complementary polishing technique to chemical treatments.The second part of the work focused on metallographic flat polishing. This technique cannot be directly applied on enclosed geometries however, it can remove efficiently surface defects (impurities and crystal damages) created during the fabrication of Niobium sheet. A 2-step process, inspired from metallographic techniques (typically 5-6 steps) has been successfully developed and optimized on Niobium for SRF applications. This process provides not only an improved roughness compared to conventional chemical treatments but also preserve the crystal quality underneath the surface, over the field penetration depth. Additional studies have to be now carried out to optimize conventional forming process or characterize alternative techniques to limit surface damages and preserve material quality as much as possible.Last but not least, the work done is of first importance for the future of SRF cavities meaning the use of new superconducting materials as thin films. The quality of thin-films of alternative superconductors depends strongly on the surface state of the substrate, typically polycrystalline bulk Niobium or Copper
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Barchiesi, David. "Design and Development of Control Solutions for Multi-Variable Process Optimization." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242883.
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L’attività di ricerca svolta ha riguardato lo sviluppo e l’implementazione di soluzioni per il controllo e l'ottimizzazione di sistemi interagenti. Gli ambiti applicativi sono stati la Home & Building Automation (HB&A) e l’automazione nell’industria petrolchimica.
Riguardo alla H&BA sono state definite politiche di controllo accoppiato termico, illuminotecnico e dell’Indoor Air Quality che risultano, nella loro interconnessione, molto innovative. L’obiettivo perseguito nella progettazione del sistema di controllo è l’ottenimento del massimo risparmio energetico e confort per l’utente. Tramite l’utilizzo sistematico della "cross fertilization" è stato possibile espandere nell’ambito della H&BA le conoscenze acquisite in ambito dell’automazione industriale.
In particolare, per lo sviluppo del sistema di controllo sono state sviluppate architetture di controllo basato sull’interconnessione di tecniche PID avanzate. L’approfondimento degli studi ha riguardato il tuning ottimo dei regolatori industriali, la valutazione della stabilità e infine l’aumento delle prestazioni del sistema di controllo stesso.
In seguito, si sono analizzate alcune tecniche di controllo multi-variabile. Tramite l’utilizzo di una batteria di modelli, identificati per mezzo di step test sul processo, è stato sviluppato un algoritmo Gain Schedule Model Predictive Control volto al controllo delle variabili di processo e all’ottimizzazione dell’energia necessaria.
Altro aspetto affrontato riguarda la modellazione e il controllo di processi di una realtà quale l’api Raffineria di Falconara Marittima,. In particolare, si sono affrontate problematiche di ottimizzazione di una colonna di Visbreaking e di ottimizzazione della combustione di una fornace di preriscaldo.
Oltre all’implementazione su sistema DCS sono state studiate e implementate tecniche innovative per il tuning dei controllori e per il raggiungimento delle specifiche richieste. In particolare è stato sviluppato un Discrete Fuzzy Smoother che permette di eliminare l’overshoot nel transitorio.
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Kurucak, Abdurrahman. "Flow Sheet Optimization By The Concept Of Sustainable Development: Alumina Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611680/index.pdf.
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In this study, effects of changes in various parameters of the Bayer process on the amount of &ldquo<br>red mud&rdquo<br>, which has many environmental drawbacks, were examined in accordance with the principles of &ldquo<br>sustainable development&rdquo<br>.
The production process of SeydiSehir Aluminum Plant is modeled as a case study. First a steady-state mass balance calculation is carried out by incorporating sequential modular approach. Then a model of the Bayer process digester is programmed and several simulations are carried out using this model.
Results of the mass balance calculation revealed that changes in the extent of the digestion reaction, which is a function of temperature and caustic concentration, and washing efficiency may have a 2.07% decrease on the amount of red mud produced,which implies nearly 10,000 tons of decline per annum, while amount of hydrate produced is increased by 4.52%. A 7.40 % decrease on the amount of red mud produced on dry basis per kg of hydrate was found to be achievable. Optimum operating temperature for the digester was calculated as 277.3 °<br>C.
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Duan, Jianglan. "Development of a numerical optimization methodology for the aluminum alloy wheel casting process." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57699.
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Aluminum alloy wheel manufacturers face on-going challenges to produce high quality wheels and increase production rates. Improvements are generally realized by modifying the wheel and die designs and continually improving the manufacturing processes. Conventionally, these improvements have been realized by trial-and-error, building on past practice or experience. This approach typically results in long design lead times, high scrap rates and less than optimal production rates. The work presented in this study seeks to reduce the reliance on trial-and-error techniques by developing a new methodology to optimize the wheel casting process through the combination of a casting process model and open-source numerical optimization algorithms. The casting process model utilized in this method was developed in the commercial finite element package Abaqus™ and was validated through plant trials. An open source optimization module Python Scipy.optimize has been employed to perform the optimization. The work focuses on optimizing the cooling conditions in a low-pressure die-casting (LPDC) process used to produce automotive wheels. Specifically cooling channel timing was selected because of the critical role heat extraction plays on casting quality, both in terms of dendrite cell size and the formation and growth of porosities. The methodology was first developed with a series of test problems ending with an L-shaped geometry that employed the major features of the wheel casting process. The most suitable approach, based on the test problems, was then applied to the optimization of a 2-D axisymmetric prototype wheel die structure. The outcome revealed that numerical optimization coupled with a state-of-the-art process model has the potential to dramatically improve the method of determining cooling channel timings while also improving the product quality and process performance. The utility of the optimization methodology was found to depend on the accuracy of the casting process model. Significant challenges remain before widespread implementation of this methodology can occur in industry. Possible directions for further developments have been identified. In summary, this study represents one of the initial applications of a numerical optimization methodology to wheel casting, and that with further development; it will become an effective tool for process and die design optimization.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Materials Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Bentley, Jason A. "Systematic process development by simultaneous modeling and optimization of simulated moving bed chromatography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47531.
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Adsorption separation processes are extremely important to the chemical industry, especially in the manufacturing of food, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical products. This work addresses three main topics: first, systematic decision-making between rival gas phase adsorption processes for the same separation problem; second, process development for liquid phase simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB); third, accelerated startup for SMB units. All of the work in this thesis uses model-based optimization to answer complicated questions about process selection, process development, and control of transient operation.
It is shown in this thesis that there is a trade-off between productivity and product recovery in the gaseous separation of enantiomers using SMB and pressure swing adsorption (PSA). These processes are considered as rivals for the same separation problem and it is found that each process has a particular advantage that may be exploited depending on the production goals and economics. The processes are compared on a fair basis of equal capitol investment and the same multi-objective optimization problem is solved with equal constraints on the operating parameters.
Secondly, this thesis demonstrates by experiment a systematic algorithm for SMB process development that utilizes dynamic optimization, transient experimental data, and parameter estimation to arrive at optimal operating conditions for a new separation problem in a matter of hours. Comparatively, the conventional process development for SMB relies on careful system characterization using single-column experiments, and manual tuning of operating parameters, that may take days and weeks. The optimal operating conditions that are found by this new method ensure both high purity constraints and optimal productivity are satisfied. The proposed algorithm proceeds until the SMB process is optimized without manual tuning. In some case studies, it is shown with both linear and nonlinear isotherm systems that the optimal performance can be reached in only two changes of operating conditions following the proposed algorithm.
Finally, it is shown experimentally that the startup time for a real SMB unit is significantly reduced by solving model-based startup optimization problems using the SMB model developed from the proposed algorithm. The startup acceleration with purity constraints is shown to be successful at reducing the startup time by about 44%, and it is confirmed that the product purities are maintained during the operation. Significant cost savings in terms of decreased processing time and increased average product concentration can be attained using a relatively simple startup acceleration strategy.
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Pareek, Tirusha. "Fed-batch bio-process development and optimization of cetuximab production at lab scale." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444795.
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Rebecchi, Stefano <1985>. "Development and optimization of a fermentation process for the production of 2,3-butanediol." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8615/1/Stefano%20Rebecchi%20Tesi%20PhD.pdf.
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The Ph.D. project aims to develop and optimize the fermentative production of diols from biowastes. In particular 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO), a promising platform chemical from which valuable derivatives can be produced. The biotechnological production of 2,3-BDO has been mainly studied with pathogenic bacteria by using pure sugars. However, the pathogenicity of such microorganisms, the high cost of sugars, and the not optimized fermentation conditions make this process not industrially competitive.
During the first year, the microorganism Bacillus licheniformis ATCC-9789 was selected and its capability to ferment different sugars commonly occurring in biomass hydrolysates and biowastes was assessed. The selected microorganism is able to ferment hexoses and sucrose into 2,3-BDO. Furthermore, cheese whey could be potentially partially converted in 2,3-BDO, and molasses as well represent an interesting feedstock to produce 2,3-BDO with the selected strain.
Since 2,3-BDO is produced preferentially under microaerobic conditions, the second year activities have been focused on the optimization of the oxygen supply conditions in batch fermentation mode using glucose as substrate. Experimentally, the application of a statistical design of the experiment allowed the identification of an optimal stirring/aeration combination, and the identification of a range of oxygen transfer rate values inside which the fermentation performances are maximized.
The possibility of producing 2,3-BDO at high concentration and productivity was evaluated carrying out fed-batch experiments. Since complex media and the optimal oxygen supply conditions are both mandatory to obtain the best performances, different feed and oxygen supply strategies, were assayed.
Another activity focused on the evaluation of alternative media instead of the complex media. Flasks and bioreactor experiments have been carried out using a mineral media, and meat and bone meal, whereas ,molasses and glucose were used as carbon sources. In conclusion, animal flour and molasses seem to be suitable alternatives to the commercial substrates to produce 2,3-butanediol.
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Mukherjee, Ishan. "Cleaning process development and optimization in the surface mount assembly line of power modules." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69490.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).<br>The cleaning process in the surface mount assembly line of power modules had been found to insufficiently remove solder flux residue from printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies after the process of reflow soldering. This thesis details the development of an optimized cleaning process that effectively removes solder flux residue from PCB assemblies. The first stage of this study involves the experimental validation of root cause of process ineffectiveness. A novel visual inspection based grading scale is developed to quantify the amount of residue present. Using the grading scale optimal process parameters were identified and studied. The study finds that power modules are most effectively cleaned in a saponifier based cleaning solution using ultrasonic agitation. Power modules are completely cleaned when washed in an ultrasonic bath at 60°C for 7 minutes, in a saponifier based cleaning solution that is 5% concentration by volume.<br>by Ishan Mukherjee.<br>M.Eng.
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Bonaldi, Elisa. "Strategy and Method for the Elaboration, Development and Optimization of an Innovative Recycling Process." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0167/document.
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Les réglementations sur le recyclage des produits, mais aussi le développement de l‘écoconception, obligent les industriels à rechercher des solutions de recyclage pour leurs produits en fin de vie. Les préoccupations environnementales croissantes dans l’industrie créent de nouvelles opportunités d’affaires et nécessitent des changements d’organisation pour accompagner la transition vers des activités industrielles plus durables. Une activité industrielle de recyclage de matières issues de la fin de vie d’un produit, se déroule idéalement avec la participation de différents partenaires industriels dans le cadre d’un projet collaboratif. Cela permet de développer une nouvelle supply chain de recyclage et de concevoir un nouveau produit, fabriqué grâce à cette supply chain. Les projets collaboratifs de R&D permettent de rassembler des compétences complémentaires dans le but de proposer des solutions pour accroitre le taux de recyclage d’une matière dans le domaine considéré. Aujourd’hui, les expériences de projets collaboratifs existent créant de nouvelles opportunités de marché dans l’industrie du recyclage. Cependant, nous observons qu’il n’existe pas de méthode opérationnelle permettant de guider les industriels dans la définition d’un projet collaboratif de recyclage. De plus, la sélection des partenaires pour de tels projets est une réelle difficulté pour les industriels. En effet, les valeurs apportées par les partenaires créent l’intérêt du projet et favorise le succès de la collaboration. Cependant, nous constatons qu’il n’existe pas de méthode dans le cadre du recyclage industriel pour faire un choix efficace de partenaires de R&D sur un projet collaboratif. Une revue de la littérature est présentée, pour connaitre l’état de l’art industriel et scientifique, avec un éclairage sur les meilleures pratiques existantes de façon à les prendre en compte et les intégrer, afin de proposer une contribution originale. A partir de cette revue de l’état de l’art, nous mettons en évidence un manque de méthode associant les organisations de projets collaboratifs R&D et le développement de supply chain de recyclage ; cela contribue à donner une posture originale à notre recherche. Notre contribution est de proposer une combinaison de méthodes pour accompagner les industriels dans la définition d’un projet collaboratif pour la mise en place d’une activité de recyclage. • La première méthode facilite la compréhension des mécanismes d’une industrie émergeante du recyclage, agissant simultanément sur l’impact environnemental, en recyclant les produits en fin de vie, et sur la compétitivité d’une entreprise, par sa différenciation vers de nouvelles activités industrielles. • La deuxième méthode développée est une aide pour le chef de projet R&D lors de la définition d’un « projet collaboratif de recyclage », avec la spécification du marché, du produit recyclé et de la structure projetée de la filière de recyclage. • Nous développons également la question de la sélection des partenaires d’un projet collaboratif de R&D dans le domaine du recyclage, en proposant une méthode d’évaluation ainsi que la définition de critères adaptés à ce nouveau contexte. Sur ce point, nous utilisons les techniques d’aide à la décision multicritères que nous combinons, afin d’aider les industriels dans ce processus de sélection. Une étude de cas est développée concernant l’industrie française du recyclage textile, ainsi qu’un projet de R&D collaboratif impliquant l’utilisation de matières premières recyclables provenant des véhicules hors d’usage et de vêtements fin de vie, pour l’éco-conception d’un produit nouveau. L’application de la combinaison des méthodes proposées, conduites dans le cadre d’un projet de recyclage spécifique, permet de discuter les premiers résultats et d’ouvrir ce sujet sur des perspectives de recherche à venir<br>Regulations on product recycling rates, but also growing consciousness on the importance of eco-design, enforce industrials to seek for solutions to recycle their products at their end of life. Growing environmental concerns in the industry allow new business opportunities and require organizational changes to support transition toward more sustainable industrial activities. Building a recycling industrial activity for materials coming from end of life products is a great challenge that requires an analysis of the opportunities and threats and the added value of industrial partners, in the scope of a collaborative project (or a collaborative network). This kind of projects aims at designing a new recycling supply chain and to design a new product that will be manufactured by this supply chain. R&D collaborative projects enable to gather complementary competencies in order to propose solutions to increase the recycling rate on the territory. Nowadays, experiences such as collaborative projects are witnessed, giving various new business possibilities in the recycling industry. However, a literature review we have performed points out that there is no existing method permitting to analyze the opportunity of a recycling value chain and to guide industrials in the definition of a “recycling collaborative project”. Moreover, for such projects, the selection of the partners is of great issue for the industrials. Indeed, the values brought by the partners make the interest of the project and favor the success of the collaboration. However, there is no existing method to choose R&D collaborative project partners efficiently in the scope of the recycling industry. A literature review presents the industrial and scientific state of the art and highlights the existing best practices in order to take them into account for the proposal of an original contribution. From the state of the art we can highlight a lack of methods that would associate R&D collaborative project organizations with the development of recycling supply chains; this positioning contributes to the originality of the work realized. Our contribution is to propose three methods to help industrials to define a collaborative project for the design and building of a new recycling supply chain: • The first method we propose facilitates the understanding of a recycling emerging industry mechanisms, act simultaneously on the environmental impact by recycling end of life products and on the business competitiveness by differentiation in new industrial activities. • The second method we developed must helps recycling R&D project managers to define a “recycling collaborative project”, the target market, the recycled product that will be manufactured and the potential structure of the future supply chain. • The third method is related to the question of partner selection with the proposal of a ranking method and the definitions of adapted criteria for such selections. In this respect we used Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques to help industrials in this selection process. A case study is developed on the French textile recycling industry and a R&D collaborative project that introduces recyclable raw material from end of life vehicles and garments, for the development of a new product. An application of our research is conducted on a specific recycling collaborative project in order to discuss the initial results, and perspectives are highlighted for further research investigations
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Baukol, Collin R. "Development of an Integrated Gaussian Process Metamodeling Application for Engineering Design." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/115.
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As engineering technologies continue to grow and improve, the complexities in the engineering models which utilize these technologies also increase. This seemingly endless cycle of increased computational power and demand has sparked the need to create representative models, or metamodels, which accurately reflect these complex design spaces in a computationally efficient manner. As research into metamodeling and using advanced metamodeling techniques continues, it is important to remember design engineers who need to use these advancements. Even experienced engineers may not be well versed in the material and mathematical background that is currently required to generate and fully comprehend advanced complex metamodels. A metamodeling environment which utilizes an advanced metamodeling technique known as Gaussian Process is being developed to help bridge the gap that is currently growing between the research community and design engineers. This tool allows users to easily create, modify, query, and visually/numerically assess the quality of metamodels for a broad spectrum of design challenges.
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Umana, Blessing. "Integrating hydroprocessors in refinery hydrogen network optimization." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/integrating-hydroprocessors-in-refinery-hydrogen-network-optimization(cf9c2c68-7cff-48df-8afe-eee835d7b808).html.
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Effective distribution of hydrogen in refinery hydrogen networks is a major concern for refiners tackling the stringent specifications on maximum sulphur levels in middle distillates and the increasing global demand of diesel fuel. A major challenge is the implementation of a shift from conventional to ultra-deep methods of desulphurisation. Meanwhile, the capacity of secondary conversion processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and hydrocracking in refineries has steadily increased in converting the bottom of the barrel into high-value lighter products resulting in increased levels of hydroprocessing, which exerts a higher demand on refinery hydrogen systems. Previous methodologies on hydrogen network optimization have been developed mainly based on the assumption of fixed hydroprocessing performance with constant hydrogen consumption and light hydrocarbon yields, in order to reduce the complexity of the optimisation problem. Consequently, critical interactions among feed and catalyst properties, hydroprocessor operating conditions, product quality and yields, and hydrogen consumption are usually neglected. This research work involves three major aspects: 1. Development of semi-empirical nonlinear lumped hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) and hydrocracker models that are robust and sufficiently detailed to capture the behaviour of the process with changes in feed characteristics and operating conditions. The formation of light hydrocarbons during HDS reactions have been accounted for. Hydrocracker conversion models and five/six-lumped product yield models for vacuum gas oil (VGO) and vacuum residue (VR) feedstocks have been developed from a combination of first principles and empirical methods based on several process parameters. The proposed models are validated with different feedstocks and shows good agreement with industrial data. 2. Integration of HDS and hydrocracker performance models into refinery hydrogen network models to explore existing interactions between processes and the hydrogen network, and their combined effect on the overall network objective. 3. Optimization of the overall superstructure under different operating scenarios to facilitate the efficient distribution and utilization of hydrogen and the maximization of clean high-value products. The integrated superstructure network model is developed and optimized within the General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS). The model is representative of the dynamic interactions between hydrodesulphurisation and hydrocracking processes in the refinery hydrogen network as demonstrated by the reproducibility of industrial refinery data. Thus, this work presents a holistic and realistic implementation of refinery hydrogen management technique.
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Peremezhney, Nicolai. "Chemical product/process design and optimization : development of novel techniques and integration of bio-feedstocks." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/62032/.
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The research topic addressed in this thesis is the development of new ideas and techniques for acceleration and automation of processes involved in the design of chemical products with predefined properties. In particular, we demonstrate techniques that address the shortcomings of the existing methods and take a bird's-eye view over the new possible directions for chemical product development necessitated by the integration of bio-feedstocks into the existing supply chain. Futhermore, we introduce an approach for sequential, on-line multi-target product/process optimization in a scenario where: automation of the overall design process is sought; adequate physical models are not available; unknown constraints on the decision space may be present; and resources are limited or costly. We test the approach on a number of simulations. The results indicate that the approach is able to, in a modest number of iterations, find solutions associated with the targets to a satisfactory degree of accuracy. In addition, for supervised problems where categorical data are available, we introduce an approach that allows one to perform categorization of a given product composition according to a particular property. We test our solutions empirically on real data. The results show that the approach compares well with existing state of the art techniques. We also investigate the application of a variety of nonlinear dimensionality techniques to the visualisation of chemical product data.
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Vicente, Tiago. "Downstream processing development of enveloped viruses for clinical applications: innovative tools for rational process optimization." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5247.
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Dissertation presented to obtain a Ph.D. degree in Engineering and Technology
Sciences, Biotechnology at the Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa<br>Viral vectors and virus-like particles hold a tremendous potential in various clinical applications in the areas of gene therapy and/or vaccination, drawing the attention of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. The majority of these products are manufactured in animal cell cultures, inherently making the process costly. A great deal of effort is taking place to generate optimized biological and engineering strategies to find scalable
and cost-effective processes, easily transferable to cGMP facilities. However, the implementation of robust downstream processes generating this type of biopharmaceuticals in the amounts required for pre-clinical and clinical trials is still lacking and lagging. By including a labile lipid membrane layer harboring glycoproteins (often critical for infection)
over the viral capsid, enveloped viruses bring extra challenges in terms of their bioprocessing particularly downstream. The work developed during this thesis aimed at improving the state-of-the-art purification processes for these types of viral particles. The rationale was to integrate process understanding with product characterization, still scarce in such biological systems.(...)
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Chavan, Sayali Ramdas. "Development, modeling and optimization of CO2 separation process using membrane contactor : applied to hydrogen purification." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST040.
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Ce travail est consacré à la séparation du CO2 d'un syngas pour produire de l'hydrogène de haute pureté par contacteurs membranaires. Le pilote construit au laboratoire utilise des contacteurs à fibres creuses (HFMC). Un premier jeu de données montre que la pureté reste sous le seuil de 99%. Un modèle théorique d'équilibre a permis d'expliquer cela par les concentrations résiduelles de carbonate CO2/3− et de bicarbonate HCO3−. Cela a permis de proposer une nouvelle approche reposant sur la variation du pH (pHSA). Elle atteint une pureté de H2 de 99,96 % et un rendement de 94 %. Un modèle prédictif de transferts a été résolu en 1D, pour une absorption de CO2 pur puis pour un mélange gazeux. Dans les deux cas, les paramètres ont été ajustés puis validés sur des données expérimentales. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives pour une solution compétitive en coûts d'investissement et d'exploitation. Le modèle numérique développé est un puissant outil de conception et d'optimisation<br>This work focuses on separating CO2 from syngas to produce high purity hydrogen based on gas-liquid absorption. To do so, a lab-scale pilot was built featuring three Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors (HFMC). Primary sensitivity analysis of the process revealed that the purity remains below 99%, explained by the residual concentrations of carbonate CO2/3− and bicarbonate HCO3−. A theoretical equilibrium model and later a new approach based on pH variation (pHSA) was put forward to overcome the purity limitation achieving H2 purity of 99.96% and 94% yield. Moreover, a predictive transfer model was solved in 1D to predict absorption of CO2 in pure and gas mixtures. The model was fitted for both cases and then validated with experimental data. This work opens perspectives as a competitive solution in terms of investment and operating costs. The numerical model developed is a powerful design and optimization tool
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Hense, Peter <1989>. "Development and Optimization of a Thermo-Chemical Process for Recycling Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7900/1/Hense_Peter_tesi.pdf.
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In this thesis, a process and a corresponding bench-scale plant for a thermo-chemical treatment of different fractions from WEEE were developed and optimized, with the aim to accumulate and/or extract metals from different feedstocks to enable downstream recycling as well as to dehalogenate pyrolysis products.
From tests with shredder residues, best results regarding metal accumulation and dehalogenation were achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 650 °C and a residence time of 30 min. Most metals were part of the pyrolysis solid products, but, for instance, Cd, In, and Mo were strongly mobilized to pyrolysis vapor. In addition, levels of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PXDD/F) in the solid products were minimized, going even below threshold values of corresponding legal requirements. PXDD/F decomposition in liquid products was achieved using blends of polypropylene and a metal compound resulting in a complete decomposition of polyhalogenated dioxins. For a following dehalogenation, a novel filter-material was developed, which was able to absorb more than 90 wt.-% of Br2 and HBr in preliminary tests.
In order to investigate efficiencies of selective mobilizations of metals, different pyrolysis approaches with Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) as feedstock were conducted and allocations of metals analyzed. Tests clearly revealed that co-pyrolysis with polyvinylchloride could be used to completely mobilize As while pyrolysis of PVC with LCD in vapor-phase mode enabled a selective extraction of In. In contrast, from pyrolysis of Ta capacitors at 550 °C in combination with sieving at 500 µm, a targeted enrichment of nearly 90 wt.-% Ta in pyrolysis solid products <500 µm was achieved.
In an ecological and an economical assessment, the performance of a prospective, continuous pyrolysis process for shredder residues was compared to a treatment following the status quo. The process could result in strong ecological exonerative effects and a high economic performance.
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Hejl, Zdeněk. "Automatizovaná podpora procesu vývoje webu s důrazem na SEO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10463.
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Principal aim of this thesis is the design of new website development process model and the design and implementation of its automated support by information technologies instruments. Process design itself will be build on identified best practices of available methodics for web applications development and this process will also respect and apply SEO (Search Engine Optimization) principles Biggest contribution of this thesis is designed web application development process model which is based on web application development methodics best practices and also contains additional activities which have to be done but they aren't part of these methodics. Mapping of the optimization process and designed process activities and implementation of automated support for these activities via desktop application are next important contributions of this thesis. This thesis is divided into five main chapters (except introduction and conclusion). First chapter is focused on definition of application development basic concepts and mainly on analysis of web application development methodics. Second chapter takes up analysis outputs and it forms the basis of this thesis. Design and description of web development process model generate the content of this chapter. Third chapter deals with SEO problems, in the concrete, it deals with definition of SEO, presentation of optimization process and especially with presentation of optimization recommendations. Fourth and fifth chapters are focused on automated support for web development process model with emphasis on SEO. Within the scope of fourth chapter, process model activities which can be supported by application are identified and user requirements are defined for these activities. Last fifth chapter is focused on presentation of implemented application for web development with emphasis on SEO support.
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Ahmed, Ayman Abdelfattah Mahmoud. "Development of an integrated mining and processing optimization system." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-115401.
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Low-grade mineral deposits lead to a very high tonnage excavation with the adherent economical and environmental problems belong to gas emissions and minerals recovery costs, which, accompanied by the higher operational and equipment costs and the higher demand for the mineral resources, lead to increasing of mineral commodities prices, especially metals. These challenges can be overcome through mine planning optimization. Therefore, an approach for the global optimization of the integrated mining and processing operations is designed by a dynamic and simulation model construction. By applying a case study and through mining selectivity strategy, deeply investigation of the ore parameters (especially mineral liberation grain size and hardness), and proper arrangements for the plant facilities, mineral production is realized, with better quality, lower environmental impacts, lower costs, and higher economic benefits.
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Chandrappa, Kori Vinay Kumar, and Ganesan Gowtham Prasath Radhakrishnan. "Design optimization and testing of electrical connector for low voltage transmission cabinets : In collaboration with ABB AB Kabeldon." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40761.
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Abstract: This thesis work was a part of Halmstad University’s Mechanical Masterprogramme curriculum done in favour of ABB Alingsås. Our industrial partnerproduces and manufactures low voltage electrical distribution cabinets, connectorsand switch gears. This project is focused on specific electrical connector used inABB’s trademark cabinets. These electrical connectors serve as both the input and output points for thedistribution cabinets. The product under scope is an extension connector calledADI3M which is used in conjunction with the large sized cable connectors(AD300). This is a sequential design optimization activity performed after theredesigning of the AD300 to ensure interface compatibility and also aimed atopportunistic cost reduction. The ADI3M should provide design compatibility withboth old and new AD300 connector designs along with the comfortable interfacinginside the CDC and SDC cabinets. With the design process and concepting knowledge gained from the course work inHalmstad university along with the ABB’s industrial exposure towards the powersupply networks we proposed four different design concepts. These design conceptswere then evaluated against interface compatibility, cost aspects, manufacturingreadiness, mechanical strength, heat generation and electricity conductionproperties. Among the product development techniques, we applied QFD processto generate the concepts, waterfall method to frame the engineering design processflow and morphological matrix to select the generated concepts. We then changedthe raw material from brass to aluminium and extrusion process due to its beneficialproperties compared to brass and copper with various other reasons explainedclearly in the thesis content. For the plastic cover we preferred poly-carbonate dueto requirements such as transparency, stiffness, etc. Two of the best feasibleconcepts were selected and the design proposals were prototyped using 3D printingtechnology. The 3D printing method used was fused deposition modelling (FDM).Later machined aluminium prototypes were then produced for the metalsubcomponents to do real time strength analysis and interface checks. Weperformed a theoretical product strength analysis using ANSYS19.2. Then resultswere then evaluated, and the final concept was chosen according to the factors suchas cost impact, easy installation and comfortable inter-component clearance.Finally, the prototypes were tested for IP rating fulfilment and compatible interfaceswith adjacent components. The consecutive activities to be done out of thesis scope is to conduct mechanicaland tests and record the performance. The future scope of this project is to developa hybrid design combining the AD300 and ADI3M connectors which would enableeasy product handling, simplified functionality and further reduce cost.
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Wilding, Paul Richard. "The Development of a Multi-Objective Optimization and Preference Tool to Improve the Design Process of Nuclear Power Plant Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7515.
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The complete design process for a new nuclear power plant concept is costly, long, complicated, and the work is generally split between several specialized groups. These design groups separately do their best to design the portion of the reactor that falls in their expertise according to the design criteria before passing the design to the subsequent design group. Ultimately, the work of each design group is combined, with significant iteration between groups striving to facilitate the integration of each of the heavily interdependent systems. Such complex interaction between experts leads to three significant problems: (1) the issues associated with knowledge management, (2) the lack of design optimization, and (3) the failure to discover the hidden interdependencies between different design parameters that may exist. Some prior work has been accomplished in both developing common frame of reference (CFR) support systems to aid in the design process and applying optimization to nuclear system design.The purpose of this work is to use multi-objective optimization to address the second and third problems above on a small subset of reactor design scenarios. Multi-objective optimization generates several design optima in the form of a Pareto front, which portrays the optimal trade-off between design objectives. As a major part of this work, a system design optimization tool is created, namely the Optimization and Preference Tool for the Improvement of Nuclear Systems (OPTIONS). The OPTIONS tool is initially applied to several individual nuclear systems: the power conversion system (PCS) of the Integral, Inherently Safe Light Water Reactor (I²S-LWR), the Kalina cycle being proposed as the PCS for a LWR, the PERCS (or Passive Endothermic Reaction Cooling System), and the core loop of the Zion plant. Initial sensitivity analysis work and the application of the Non-dominated Sorting Particle Swarm Optimization (NSPSO) method provides a Pareto front of design optima for the PCS of the I²S-LWR, while bringing to light some hidden pressure interdependencies for generating steam using a flash drum. A desire to try many new PCS configurations leads to the development of an original multi-objective optimization method, namely the Mixed-Integer Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (MI-NSGA). With this method, the OPTIONS tool provides a novel and improved Pareto front with additional optimal PCS configurations. Then, the simpler NSGA method is used to optimize the Kalina cycle, the PERCS, and the Zion core loop, providing each problem with improved designs and important objective trade-off information. Finally, the OPTIONS tool uses the MI-NSGA method to optimize the integration of three systems (Zion core loop, PERCS, and Rankine cycle PCS) while increasing efficiency, decreasing costs, and improving performance. In addition, the tool is outfitted to receive user preference input to improve the convergence of the optimization to a Pareto front.
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Ashok, Sylvester Vikram. "An integrated product – process development (IPPD) based approach for rotorcraft drive system sizing, synthesis and design optimization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49128.
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Engineering design may be viewed as a decision making process that supports design tradeoffs. The designer makes decisions based on information available and engineering judgment. The designer determines the direction in which the design must proceed, the procedures that need to be adopted, and develops a strategy to perform successive decisions. The design is only as good as the decisions made, which is in turn dependent on the information available. Information is time and process dependent. This thesis work focuses on developing a coherent bottom-up framework and methodology to improve information transfer and decision making while designing complex systems. The rotorcraft drive system is used as a test system for this methodology.
The traditional serial design approach required the information from one discipline and/or process in order to proceed with the subsequent design phase. The Systems Engineering (SE) implementation of Concurrent Engineering (CE) and Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) processes tries to alleviate this problem by allowing design processes to be performed in parallel and collaboratively.
The biggest challenge in implementing Concurrent Engineering is the availability of information when dealing with complex systems such as aerospace systems. The information is often incomplete, with large amounts of uncertainties around the requirements, constraints and system objectives. As complexity increases, the design process starts trending back towards a serial design approach. The gap in information can be overcome by either “softening” the requirements to be adaptable to variation in information or to delay the decision. Delayed decisions lead to expensive modifications and longer product design lifecycle. Digitization of IPPD tools for complex system enables the system to be more adaptable to changing requirements. Design can proceed with “soft” information and decisions adapted as information becomes available even at early stages.
The advent of modern day computing has made digitization and automation possible and feasible in engineering. Automation has demonstrated superior capability in design cycle efficiency [1]. When a digitized framework is enhanced through automation, design can be made adaptable without the requirement for human interaction. This can increase productivity, and reduce design time and associated cost. An important aspect in making digitization feasible is having the availability of parameterized Computer Aided Design (CAD) geometry [2]. The CAD geometry gives the design a physical form that can interact with other disciplines and geometries. Central common CAD database allows other disciplines to access information and extract requirements; this feature is of immense importance while performing systems syntheses. Through database management using a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system, Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) can exchange information between disciplines and develop new designs more efficiently by collaborating more and from far [3].
This thesis focuses on the challenges associated with automation and digitization of design. Making more information available earlier goes jointly with making the design adaptable to new information. Using digitized sizing, synthesis, cost analysis and integration, the drive system design is brought in to early design. With modularity as the objective, information transfer is made streamlined through the use of a software integration suite. Using parametric CAD tools, a novel ‘Fully-Relational Design’ framework is developed where geometry and design are adaptable to related geometry and requirement changes. During conceptual and preliminary design stages, the airframe goes through many stages of modifications and refinement; these changes affect the sub-system requirements and its design optimum. A fully-relational design framework takes this into account to create interfaces between disciplines. A novel aspect of the fully-relational design methodology is to include geometry, spacing and volume requirements in the system design process.
Enabling fully-relational design has certain challenges, requiring suitable optimization and analysis automation. Also it is important to ensure that the process does not get overly complicated. So the method is required to possess the capability to intelligently propagate change.
There is a need for suitable optimization techniques to approach gear train type design problems, where the design variables are discrete in nature and the values a variables can assume is a result of cascading effects of other variables. A heuristic optimization method is developed to analyze this multimodal problem. Experiments are setup to study constraint dependencies, constraint-handling penalty methods, algorithm tuning factors and innovative techniques to improve the performance of the algorithm.
Inclusion of higher fidelity analysis in early design is an important element of this research. Higher fidelity analyses such as nonlinear contact Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are useful in defining true implied stresses and developing rating modification factors. The use of Topology Optimization (TO) using Finite Element Methods (FEM) is proposed here to study excess material removal in the gear web region.
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Wood, Kevin. "Development of Computational Tools for the Design, Simulation and Optimization of Cyclic Steady State (CSS) Adsorption and Chromatographic Processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72854.
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This dissertation presents an analysis of two aspects of the chromatographic separation process known as Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) chromatography. The first aspect is system design, and the second is improving computer simulations to generate heuristics for choosing operational modes.
For the past 15-20 years, there has been a surge of interest in the use of Simulated Moving Bed systems for the chromatographic separation of chemicals¹. A wide variety of methods, nomenclatures, and conventions have been adopted over the years²⁻⁴, as teams from different backgrounds adopt and improve on the SMB technology. This work presents a unifying discussion of the two major design methods, Triangle Theory and Standing Wave Design, used in the SMB field. We provide the complete computer code required to execute both design methods. A sample problem is worked, which demonstrates the novelty and ease of use that such tools provide. Mathematica was chosen for the implementation of these design methods, because of its strong symbolic analysis capabilities, and simplicity of creating interfaces for new users. We present derivations of the classic Langmuir results in Mathematica, and proceed to extend those implementations. When analytic solutions are impossible, we use Mathematica's numerical methods.
This work also develops a distributed computing tool known as ChromRunner which allows large numbers of detailed numerical simulations to be run simultaneously. The motivations and benefits of this approach are discussed alongside implementation details. We apply the distributed computing system to two separate SMB separations in order to optimize them, as well as determine heuristics governing their operational modes. We wrote ChromRunner in C#, and took advantage of Visual Studio's Entity Framework to create the database backend. The user interface for this software was created using Microsoft's "Windows Presentation Foundation" (WPF) technologies.<br>Ph. D.
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Mkentane, Kwezikazi. "The development and optimization of a cosmetic formulation that facilitates the process of detangling braids from African hair." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1662.
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A large number of people throughout the world have naturally kinky hair that may be very difficult to manage. These people often subject their hair to vigorous and harsh treatment processes in order to straighten it and hence make it more manageable. Hair braiding is a popular and fashionable trend amongst many people, in particular people of African descent. Braided hairstyles serve to preserve hair and protect it, and to give it time to rejuvenate after a period of harsh treatment. During the braiding process synthetic hair is attached to natural hair by weaving a length of the natural hair into one end of each braid. Other materials like wool or cotton may be use used to achieve different hairstyles and textures. Several strands of natural hair are used to secure each braid. The braids are normally left intact for a number of weeks or even months. Although braiding is a helpful African hair grooming practice, the process of taking down or detangling the braids is labor intensive and entails each braid being cut just below where the natural hair ceases and the natural hair being untangled from the braid using a safety pin, a needle or a fine toothed comb. The labor and long hours required to detangle braided hairstyles often results in braid wearers frustratingly pulling on their braided hair. This behavior inevitably destroys the hair follicle and leaves the hair damaged. According to a study conducted by the University of Cape Town’s dermatology department, braiding may be the root cause of traction alopecia (TA) amongst braid wearers. Traction alopecia is a form of alopecia, or gradual hair loss that is caused primarily by excessive pulling forces applied to the hair. The purpose of this current study was to investigate the factors, other than braid tightness, that affect the way and ease with which braids are detangled from the human hair. The study hypothesized that frictional forces present in braided hair were amongst these factors. It was hypothesized that introducing a lubricating formulation in the braids would allow for easier braid detangling. In order to decrease the prevalence of traction alopecia from braided hair, two hair strengthening actives were included in the test formulation. The study investigated the effects of the test formulations on braid detangling, hair friction and on the tensile strength of human hair. The study found that the method used did not pick up any significant differences between the braid detangling forces of treated braids when compared to the braid vi detangling forces of untreated hair. The same method used to measure braid detangling forces was able to show that there are variations in the braid detangling forces of different sections along the braid length. The method to measure braid detangling was based on the principles of hair combability measurements. The study also found that although the method used to measure braid detangling forces was unsuccessful in picking up significant differences in braid detangling forces of treated hair and untreated hair, the method used to measure the frictional forces of human hair showed that the frictional forces of hair treated with test formulations were significantly different than that of untreated hair. The method used to measure frictional forces was based on the capstan approach. The Capstan method measures the forces required to slide a weighted hair fibre over a curved surface of reference material. The interaction between the weighted fibre and the reference material simulates the movement of hair out of a braid ensemble in the braid detangling process. The optimum mixture with the minimum coefficient of friction, predicted a coefficient of friction of 0.61 ± 0.04. The optimum formulation was found to be one that contained 30% Cyclopentasiloxane , 0% PEG-12 Dimethicone, 10% 18-MEA, 29% water, 10% hair strengthening actives, 12.86% emulsifier combination and 8% other oils. The study also showed that including hair strengthening actives, such as hydrolysed proteins had significant effects in the tensile strength properties of chemically treated African hair.
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Pushparajan, Charlotte. "Development and optimization of an in vitro process for the production of Oryctes nudivirus in insect cell cultures." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10249.
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The coconut rhinoceros beetle, an economically important pest of coconut and oil palms, is effectively managed by application of its natural pathogen, the Oryctes nudivirus (OrNV), which act as a bioinsecticide. While this approach offers an environment-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, the current method of production in infected larvae suffers from inconsistencies in virus productivity and purity. While the anchorage-dependent DSIR-HA-1179 insect cell line has been identified as a susceptible and permissive host for OrNV and therefore would be suitable for the in vitro mass production of the virus, no attempts have been made toward the mass production of the virus, because of the technological challenges that working with DSIR-HA-1179 cells represent. Thus, the main objective of this research was to develop processes for the in vitro production of OrNV in the DSIR-HA-1179 cell line.
Knowledge of the growth kinetics and metabolic properties of the host cell line in a chosen culture medium, as well as the selection of an appropriate infection strategy, form the basis for the rational development of bioreactor-based virus production processes. However, characterization of these properties in the DSIR-HA-1179 cell line has been virtually precluded, due to its strongly adherent growth characteristics and the lack of a reliable method to accurately dissociate and count cells grown in monolayers. Using TrypLE™ Express enzyme, a technique allowing the precise counting of cells was developed.
The cell line was adapted to grow in four serum-supplemented culture media: TC-100, IPL-41, Sf-900 II and Sf-900 III, which were then individually screened for cell growth and virus production in 25 cm2 attached T-flask cultures. TC-100 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum was chosen as a suitable culture medium, based on its capacity for achieving a high cell yield and OrNV production. The cell line metabolism was characterized with respect to nutrient consumption and metabolites production in this culture medium. Glucose, along with glutamine were found to be the nutrients that were consumed faster and to a greater extent, while other amino acids were not consumed to a significant degree. The production of metabolites was characterized by non-production of lactate and ammonia, and production of alanine, as a non-toxic alternative to ammonia.
The influence of cell density (CD) at time of infection (TOI) and multiplicity of infection (MOI) on OrNV production was evaluated in T-flask cultures that were infected at different CDs at the TOI and a range of MOIs. The CD at TOI was found to significantly influence OrNV yields, while MOI influenced the dynamics of infection. The cell density effect was found to exist for the DSIR-HA-1179/OrNV system with the progressive decline in cell-specific yield beginning at low cell densities. It was found that in order to maximize OrNV volumetric yield, a combination of MOI and CD at TOI should be selected that allows to keep the maximum cell density reached by the infected culture within a range between 5.0 and 7.0 x 105 viable cells/ml.
The roller bottle system was evaluated for its potential to scale-up DSIR-HA-1179 cell growth and OrNV production, and culture parameters were optimized for the improvement of cell and virus yields. An inoculum density of 3.3 x 105 cells/ml and culture volume of 60 ml resulted in the highest cell yield of 1.5 x 106 cells/ml, in 490 cm2 roller bottles. It was found that an optimal infection strategy for roller bottle cultures, which represented the most efficient use of viral inoculum, involved infecting cells at a density of 5.0 x 105 cells/ml and at a MOI of 1. The resulting OrNV volumetric yield of 2.5 x108 TCID50/ml, improved significantly the viral yields obtained in attached T-flask cultures infected under similar conditions (6.8 x 107 TCID50/ml).
The microcarrier system was also evaluated for culturing DSIR-HA-1179 cells and producing OrNV in spinner flask bioreactors. Three types of microcarriers (Cytodex-1, Cytodex-3 and Cultispher-G microcarriers) were screened for their ability to support DSIR-HA-1179 growth. Cells attached to Cytodex-1 and 3, but failed to attach to Cultispher-G microcarriers. The final cell density reached in microcarrier culture was dependent on bead type and concentration, and the cell to bead ratio. At an optimal bead concentration of 1 mg/ml and cell to bead ratio of 30, cells grew to a maximum density of 1.7 x 106 cells/ml on Cytodex-1, but only to 1.3 x 106 cells/ml on Cytodex-3 microcarriers. Since it supported higher cell yields, Cytodex-1 was chosen to study the kinetics of OrNV production in this system. Microcarrier cultures infected at a cell density of 5.0 x 105 cells/ml and a MOI of 1, produced OrNV at 1.4 x 108 TCID50/ml, which was higher than the yield obtained in T-flask cultures infected under similar conditions.
A framework of knowledge on the physiology, metabolism and growth kinetics of the DSIR-HA-1179 insect cell line has been developed in this thesis. In addition, the feasibility of using roller bottles and microcarrier systems for the in vitro production of the virus has been ascertained. It is envisaged that these findings will contribute to the future development of a large-scale industrial process for the production of the OrNV biopesticide.
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Hernandez, Manuel. "Process Optimization Towards the Development of an Automated CNC Monitoring System for a Simultaneous Turning and Boring Operation." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5298.
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Manufacturing operations generate revenue by adding value to material through machine work and the cost associated with part production hinders the maximum profit available. In order to remain competitive, companies invest in research to maximize profit and reduce waste of manufacturing operations. This results in cheaper products for the customer without sacrificing quality. The purpose of this research was to identify machine settings of an Okuma LC 40 Turning Center and optimize the cost of machining in terms of tool cost and energy consumption while maintaining part quality at a productive cycle time. Studying the relationship between energy consumption, tool life, and cycle time with the speed and feed settings through statistical Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method will allow the production plant to make profitable financial decisions concerning simultaneous turning operation of forged chrome-alloy steel. The project was divided into three phases; the first phase began with a literature survey of sensors used in current manufacturing research and the adaptation of our sensors to the Okuma LC 40 turning center. Then, phase II used design of experiments to identify spindle speed and feedrate settings that optimize multiple responses related to the turning process. The result was a saving in energy consumption (kWh) by 11.8%, a saving in cutting time by 13.2% for a total cost reduction from $1.15 per tool pass to $1.075 per tool pass. Furthermore, this work provides the foundation for phase III to develop an intelligent monitoring system to provide real-time information about the state of the machine and tool. For a monitoring system to be implemented in production, it should utilize cost effective sensors and be nonintrusive to the cutting operation.<br>ID: 031001516; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 16, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).<br>M.S.M.E.<br>Masters<br>Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Systems
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Brown, Jared Nathaniel. "Development of a lab-scale auger reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis and process optimization using response surface methodology." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473187.
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BREDA, FRANCISCO J. "Estrategia de operacoes para pequenas producoes." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11087.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
08981.pdf: 2609824 bytes, checksum: 3dce00811de5787401482dd23d790cf9 (MD5)<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Orsi, Alessandro. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN-BUILDING PROJECTS: OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROJECT-MANAGEMENT PROCESSES THROUGH THE LEAN APPROACH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89098.
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As the world becomes aware of its limited resources it is increasingly important to consider the development of buildings which could respond to the requirements of sustainability. During the last decades the development of the so-called green buildings has been gaining momentum through the implementation of appropriate reference standards, new technologies, innovative design strategies and processes. Such changes introduced new challenges for all subjects involved and, most of all, the need of working with new technologies and services through fully-integrated processes. Designers are also affected by such issue and, within this scope, project management plays a key role for the optimization of the design-project development. This research analyzes the design process of four case-study projects from the project management perspective taking into consideration all sustainability-related tasks and activities that negatively affected the project design development. A new methodology was created in order to analyze the design process and evaluate the effect of detected project-management issues under three main independent variables related to costs, time and sustainability. The research makes full use of the Lean approach to classify the issues, or wastes, experienced during the different design processes and to identify possible solutions for the process optimization. The four case studies are referred to four real projects developed in different European countries under the LEED and BREEAM reference standards. More specifically the four projects are:
- One nursing-home located Northern Italy certified under the LEED reference standard.
- One school-complex located in Northern Italy certified under the LEED reference standard.
- One office building located in Barcelona (Spain) certified under the LEED reference standard.
- One office building located in South-East of Spain certified under the BREEAM reference standard.
The final scope of the research is to develop a methodology for the analysis of the green-building design processes from the project management perspective in order to identify the problems occurred, optimize the process and provide a tool to prevent unnecessary wastes of money, time and sustainability features.<br>Cada vez mas el mundo toma consciencia de que la disponibilidad de recursos naturales es limitada y el desarrollo de edificios sostenibles se está convirtiendo en una necesidad. Durante las últimas decadas el desarrollo de edificios sostenibles ha sido impulsada por el desarrollo de protocolos especificos, nuevas tecnologias, diseños y procesos inovadores. Dichos cambios han implicado nuevos retos para todos los sujetos involucrados y, sobretodo, la necesidad de operar con nuevas technologías y servicios a través de procesos integrados. Los proyectistas también quedan afectados por dichos cambios y el project management juega un papel imprescindible de cara a la optimización de procesos de diseño integrados. Esta investigación analiza el proceso de diseño de cuatro casos de studio desde el punto de vista del project management enfocando la atención en las actividades relacionadas con la sostenibilidad que afectaron negativamente el desarrollo de los procesos. Se desarrolla una nueva metodología para analizar el proceso de diseño y evaluar los efectos de eventuales fallos experimentados durante los procesos de project management desde la perspectiva de tres variables independientes relacionadas con: costes, tiempos y sostenibilidad. La investigación implementa los conceptos de la metodología Lean para la clasificación de los fallos, o desperdicios, occurridos durante el desarrollo de los varios procesos y para identificar posibles soluciones de cara a la optimización del proceso. Los cuatro casos de estudio están relacionados a cuatro proyectos reales desarrollados en diferentes estados Europeos a través de los protocolos LEED y BREEAM. Mas en detalle los proyectos son
- Una residencia para mayores ubicada en Italia del Norte y certificada a través del protocolo LEED.
- Un complejo escolar ubicado en Italia del Norte y certificado a través del protocolo LEED.
- Un edificio para oficinas ubicado en Barcelona (España) y certificado a través del protocolo LEED.
- Un edificio para oficinas ubicado en el Sureste de España y certificado a través del protocolo BREEAM.
El objetivo final de la presente investigación es el desarrollo de una nueva metodología para el análisis de los procesos de diseño para edificios sostenibles desde el punto de vista del project management para identificar los problemas occurridos, optimizar el proceso y proporcionar una herramienta a los futuros técnicos para prevenir el desperdicio de dinero, tiempo y caracteristicas de sostenibilidad.<br>Cada vegada més el món té una major consciència que la disponibilitat de recursos naturals és limitada i el desenvolupament d'edificis sostenibles s'està convertint en una necessitat. Durant les últimes dècades el desenvolupament d'edificis sostenibles ha estat impulsat pel desenvolupament de protocols específics, noves tecnologies, dissenys i processos innovadors. Aquests canvis han implicat nous reptes per a tots els subjectes involucrats i, sobretot, la necessitat d'operar amb noves tecnologies i serveis a través de processos integrats. Els projectistes també queden afectats per aquests canvis i el project management juga un paper imprescindible de cara a l'optimització de processos de disseny integrats. Esta investigació analitza el procés de disseny de quatre casos d' estudi des del punt de vista del project management fixant l'atenció en les activitats relacionades amb la sostenibilitat que van afectar negativament el desenvolupament dels processos. Es va a desenvolupar una nova metodologia per analitzar el procés de disseny i avaluar els efectes d'eventuals errors experimentats durant els processos de project management des de la perspectiva de tres variables independents relacionades como son: costos, temps i sostenibilitat. La investigació implementa els conceptes de la metodologia Lean per a la classificació dels errors, o deixalles, aparegudes durant el desenvolupament dels diversos processos, per identificar possibles solucions de cara a l'optimització dels processos. Els quatre casos d'estudi estan relacionats a quatre projectes reals desenvolupats en diferents estats Europeus a través dels protocols LEED i BREEAM:
- Una residència per a gent major situada a Itàlia del Nord i certificada mitjançant el protocol LEED.
- Un complex escolar situat a Itàlia del Nord i certificat a través del protocol LEED.
- Un edifici per a oficines situat a Barcelona (Espanya) i certificat a través del protocol LEED.
- Un edifici per a oficines situat en el Sud Este d'Espanya i certificat a través del protocol BREEAM.
L'objectiu final de la present investigació és el desenvolupament d'una nova metodologia per a l'anàlisi dels processos de disseny en edificis sostenibles des del punt de vista del project management, per identificar els problemes possibles, optimitzar els processos i proporcionar una eina als futurs tècnics per prevenir el malbaratament de diners, temps i característiques de sostenibilitat.<br>Orsi, A. (2017). THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN-BUILDING PROJECTS: OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROJECT-MANAGEMENT PROCESSES THROUGH THE LEAN APPROACH [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/89098<br>TESIS
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Aldén, Anna. "Optimization of the Liquefaction Process in Bioethanol Production & Development of Method for Quantification of Nonsolubilized Starch in Mash." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11494.
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<p>Ethanol production at Lantmännen Agroetanol AB in Norrköping began in December 2000. The objective of this master's thesis is to find and optimize factors affecting the yield of the liquefaction, a part of the upstream process. To measure successfulness of liquefaction it is desired that amount of non-solubilized starch is quantified, and hence a method for determination of non-solubilized starch in mash has to be developed.</p><p>Starch is a carbon reserve in plants. Starch granules are polymers of amylose and amylopectin which are polysaccharides of glucose. When a starch/water solution is heated the starch granules start to absorb water and swell, a process termed gelatinization. The swelling makes the granules susceptible to hydrolysis by enzymes such as alpha-amylase, this is called liquefaction. Eventually the granular structure is broken and the slurry contains solubilized starch which can be saccharified to glucose by glucoamylase. In the bioethanol production process, the milled grain is mixed with water and enzymes. The slurry is heated, gelatinization and liquefaction occurs. Saccharification occurs simultaneously to fermentation. Ethanol is purified from the fermented mash during downstream processing.</p><p>Starch in the form of starch granules cannot be quantified. The adopted principle for determination of non-solubilized starch in liquefied mash is to wash away the solubilized starch, then quantitatively hydrolyze non-solubilized starch to glucose and quantify glucose.</p><p>To find and optimize factors significant for yield of liquefaction multiple factor experiments were conducted where eight factors were studied. pH, temperature in mixtank and temperature in liquefaction tank 1 were the most significant factors. The temperature in liquefaction tank 1 should be kept as is is at 74°C. A small rise in pH should shorten the mean length of dextrins which is preferable. An increase of pH from 5.2 to 5.4 is therefore proposed. The temperature in mixtank should also be increased by a few degrees. The yield of the process should be carefully evaluated during the modifications.</p><br><p>Etanolproduktionen på Lantmännen Agroetanol AB i Norrköping började i December 2000. Målet med examensarbetet är att hitta och optimera faktorer som påverkar utbytet av likvifieringen i etanolproduktionen. För att studera utfallet av likvifieringen är det önskvärt att mäta hur mycket stärkelse som inte har löst sig, och därför måste en metod för att mäta olöst stärkelse i mäsk utvecklas.</p><p>Stärkelse utgör en kolreserv i växter. Stärkelsegranuler är polymerer av amylos och amylopektin, vilka i sin tur är polysackarider av glukos. När en stärkelse/vatten-blandning värms upp börjar stärkelsegranulerna att absorbera vatten och svälla, en process som kallas gelatinisering. Svällningen gör granulerna känsliga mot hydrolys av till exempel enzymet alfa-amylas, vilket kallas för likvifiering. Efter tillräckligt mycket gelatinisering och likvifiering förstörs hela den granulära strukturen och stärkelsen övergår till löst form. Löst stärkelse kan försockras till glukos med enzymet glukoamylas. I produktionen av bioetanol blandas malet spannmål med vatten och enzymer. Slurryn värms upp och gelatinisering och likvifiering sker. Försockring sker simultant med fermenteringen. Etanol renas fram från den fermenterade mäsken i nedströmsprocessen.</p><p>Stärkelse i granulform kan inte kvantifieras. Den valda metoden för mätning av olöst stärkelse i likvifierad mäsk innebär att den lösta stärkelsen tvättas bort, sedan hydrolyseras den olösta stärkelsen kvantitativt till glukos, vilken kan kvantifieras.</p><p>Flerfaktorförsök gjordes för att hitta och optimera faktorer signifikanta för utbytet av likvifiering. Åtta olika faktorer studerades. pH, temperatur i mixtank och temperatur i likvifieringstank 1 visade sig vara de tre mest signifikanta faktorerna. Temperaturen i likvifieringstank 1 ska bibehålla samma temperatur som idag, 74°C. En liten höjning av pH borde förkorta medellängden av dextrinerna, vilket är fördelaktigt. En ökning av pH från 5,2 till 5,4 är föreslås därför. Temperaturen i mixtanken ska ökas några få grader. Utbytet av processen måste noggrant utvärderas under modifieringarna.</p>
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Sabio, Arteaga Nagore. "Contribution to the development of more sustainable process industries under uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457188.
Full textAbstract:
En les últimes dècades, els reptes originats com a resultat dels elevats preus de l'energia i la creixent pressió per reduir les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle han estimulat un gran interès en la investigació relacionada amb sistemes energètics i de processos. D'una banda, les indústries de procés s'enfronten a la necessitat de cobrir la creixent demanda energètica en un mercat afectat cada vegada per més incertesa. De l'altra, els recursos utilitzats tradicionalment com a suport per al desenvolupament comencen a mostrar impactes ambientals que podrien posar en perill el desenvolupament sostenible de les espècies. En conseqüència, la situació actual es pot descriure com guiada al voltant de tres eixos principals: energia, sostenibilitat i incertesa. De vital importància per a aquests problemes és la recerca en tecnologia de sistemes assistida per ordinador, per al desenvolupament d'estratègies que investiguin l'impacte de les indústries de procés en tots dos, l'eficiència del sistema i el seu impacte ambiental de cicle de vida en presència d'incertesa . En aquest sentit, l'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és dirigir aquests reptes primer realitzant un pas endavant en l'acostament entre els marges de la investigació científica i la investigació de sistemes en l'àrea d'enginyeria de sistemes de processos. El problema s'enfoca ideant un conjunt d'eines avançades de programació matemàtica multi-objectiu capaços de tractar amb la problemàtica ambiental i d'incertesa en el disseny i planificació d'indústries de procés més sostenibles. Això es porta a terme afegint múltiples mètriques estocàstiques i de cicle de vida, i aplicant anàlisi de components principals per identificar mètriques redundants. Els models presentats, són llavors capaços de tractar sistemes d'una única o de múltiples plantes de procés, i d'atendre de manera holística les tres majors fonts d'incertesa: paramètrica, estructural i metodològica.<br>En las últimas décadas, los retos originados como resultado de los elevados precios de la energía y la creciente presión por reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero han estimulado un gran interés en la investigación relacionada con sistemas energéticos y de procesos. Por un lado, las industrias de proceso se enfrentan a la necesidad de cubrir la creciente demanda energética en un mercado afectado cada vez por más incertidumbre. Por otro, los recursos utilizados tradicionalmente como soporte para el desarrollo comienzan a mostrar impactos ambientales que podrían poner en peligro el desarrollo sostenible de las especies. En consecuencia, la situación actual se puede describir como guiada alrededor de tres ejes principales: energía, sostenibilidad e incertidumbre. De vital importancia para estos problemas es la investigación en tecnología de sistemas asistida por ordenador, para el desarrollo de estrategias que investiguen el impacto de las industrias de proceso en ambos, la eficiencia del sistema y su impacto ambiental de ciclo de vida en presencia de incertidumbre. En este sentido, el objetivo general de esta tesis es dirigir estos retos primero realizando un paso adelante en el acercamiento entre los márgenes de la investigación científica y la investigación de sistemas en el área de ingeniería de sistemas de procesos. El problema se enfoca ideando un conjunto de herramientas avanzadas de programación matemática multi-objectivo capaces de tratar con la problemática ambiental y de incertidumbre en el diseño y planificación de industrias de proceso más sostenibles. Esto se lleva a cabo añadiendo múltiples métricas estocásticas y de ciclo de vida, y aplicando análisis de componentes principales para identificar métricas redundantes. Los modelos presentados, son entonces capaces de tratar sistemas de una única o de múltiples plantas de proceso, y de atender de manera holística las tres mayores fuentes de incertidumbre: paramétrica, estructural y metodológica.<br>Over the past decades, the challenges originated as a result of high energy prices and the growing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have fuelled a large interest in energy and process systems related research. On the one hand, process industries are faced with the need to cover the increasing demand for energy as developing nations grow and developed countries continue to progress in an increasingly uncertain marketplace, and on the other hand, the resources that have traditionally supported this continued progress begin to show environmental impacts that could threaten the sustainable development of species in the world. As a consequence, the present situation could be described as driven along three main edges: energy, sustainability and uncertainty. Of particular relevance for these problems is research on computer-aided systems technology to develop strategies for investigating the impact of process industries on both, the system efficiency and its life cycle environmental impact in the presence of uncertainty. In this sense, the general goal of this thesis is to explicitly address these challenges by first making a step towards closing the gap between science-based and systems-based research in Process Systems Engineering. The problem is addressed by devising a set of advanced multi-objective mathematical programming tools able to deal with environmental and uncertainty concerns in the design and planning of more sustainable process industries. In particular, multiple life cycle assessment and risk management stochastic metrics are appended to the optimization MILP and MINLP problems as additional criteria to be optimized, and Principal Components Analysis is applied for identifying redundant life cycle metrics and reduce the problem dimensionality. These models presented here are thus able to deal with single-site and multi-site process systems are capable of addressing, in a holistic manner, the three major sources of uncertainty: parameter, model and methodological.
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Gustafsson, Daniel. "The Systematic Development Process Applied on a Cab Rotation Unit : Pre-study, concept generation, embodiment design, material selection and optimization." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68651.
Full textAbstract:
This master thesis studies and applies the systematic development process. The process is initially described in general, creating a template for the process, and later on applied on a real case scenario to show the performance. Finally eventual advantages, drawbacks and suggestions for future improvements are given. The systematic development approach has been performed at Laxå Special Vehicles, who produce truck cabs and special truck chassis for Scania CV AB. The project has focused on the cabs, i.e. the Crew Cabs and the Low Entry. Crew Cabs are extended normal truck cabs, containing four doors to make additional passengers possible, suitable for fire trucks etc. Low Entry is a lowered normal truck cab, lowering the approaching height, making this cab type suitable for city applicable usage where the driver or passengers enter and leave the cab frequently. The task given was to develop the current cab rotation unit to be able to handle both cabs, which from the beginning only could handle the Crew Cabs, called CC28 and CC31. The major goal of this project has been to enable rotation of the Low Entry too. Five phases – pre-study, concept generation, embodiment design, material selection and optimization – were carried out. The pre-study generated a fundamental base of knowledge, according to both the systematic development process and information about the tilt. The concept generation contained a problem degradation, generation of possible solutions and finally an evaluation of these. During the embodiment design the best suited concept was described and developed in detail to allow a suitable material to be selected during the material selection phase. The optimization process consisted of investigating properties according to mechanical strength and stiffness. Two construction solutions to accommodate the mounting points height and length difference between the Crew Cab and the Low Entry were developed. These were a covering plate, called K4, and a mounting plate, called K100, handling the problems occurring for length and height respective. The development process is thus considered to be well operating. It generated a useful result, although possibilities for further improvements exists.<br>Denna masteruppsats studerar och förklarar den systematiska utvecklingsprocessen. Processens olika steg beskrivs inledningsvis generellt, för att sedan appliceras på ett reellt fall för att demonstrera genomförandet. Avslutningsvis ges fördelar, nackdelar och eventuella förbättringsförslag på metoden. Projektet genomfördes på Laxå Special Vehicles som producerar hytter och chassin för fordonstillverkaren Scania. Projektet fokuserade på hytterna som kallas Crew Cab och Low Entry, där den först nämnda är en förlängd hytt med fyra dörrar istället för två. Detta ger mer hyttutrymme, plats för fler passagerare och är därför vanlig i tillämpningar som till exempel brandbilar. Low Entry är en tvådörrarshytt vars insteg är lägre än för vanliga tvådörrarshytter, vilket gör den användbara i stadsnära miljöer där passagerare eller förare ofta lämnar och går in i hytten. Uppgiften som skulle lösas, och därmed målet, var att anpassa en rotationsenehet, även kallad tilt, för även kunna rotera LE. Ursprungligen var den endast anpassad för de två hyttvarianterna av Crew Cab, som kallas CC28 och CC31. Arbetet behandlade fem faser – förstudie, konceptgenerering, designspecificering, materialval och optimering – vilka skulle genomföras för att nå ett användbart resultat. Förstudien fokuserade på att erhålla kunskap om den systematiska utvecklingsprocessen, hur denna skulle genomföras, samt information om hur rotationsenheten fungerade. Konceptgenerering innehöll en problemnedbrytning, konceptskapande och utvärdering av de genererade koncepten. Under designspecificeringen gavs det bästa konceptet/koncepten dimensioner och specificerade funktioner för att under materialvalsprocessen erhålla passande material. Under optimeringsfasen genomfördes analysering och optimering, med avseende på styrka och styvhet. Två konstruktionslösningar utvecklades vilka löste var sitt delproblem som var höjd- och längdskillnad för den bakre monteringspunkten mellan Crew Cab och Low Entry. En omgjord monteringsplatta visade sig lösa höjdskillnaden bäst, kallad K100. Längdskillnaden togs om hand genom att applicera en längre glidskena som skulle täckas av luckor, kallade K4. Eftersom ett väl fungerande resultat erhållits visade den systematiska utvecklingsprocessen sig fungera som efterfrågat men med förbättringspotential.
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Håkansson, Mikael. "Integration and optimization of a check valve design : A case study at Hydroware AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99199.
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Constant product development for integration and optimization is a crucial part of companies today. With industrial components comes the challenge with how these parts can be integrated and optimized the best for the system. One example is a hydraulic elevator system, to integrate and optimize the design, the rest of the valve system has to be taken into consideration. This thesis contains the integration and optimization of a check valve solution designed with the help of the product development process in hopes of reducing costs for the manufacturing process for the company. The thesis resulted in an optimized check valve solution with 6 bolts connected with the hydraulic elevator valve system. The requirements were fulfilled but some were not possible to achieve without a physical copy.
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Ebeler, Moritz [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Franzreb. "Characterization and Validation of a Novel GMP-Compliant Magnetic Separator – Process Development and Optimization for Protein Recovery / Moritz Ebeler ; Betreuer: M. Franzreb." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177147211/34.
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Klarner, Andrew Daniel. "Development of Mg-Al-Sn and Mg-Al-Sn-Si Alloys and Optimization of Super Vacuum Die Casting Process for Lightweight Applications." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1515083355012541.
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D'ANNA, ALESSANDRA. "Fully bio-based polymer blends: optimization of processing aspects and influence of compatibilizers. Development of strategies to properties improvement." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2959949.
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Van, den Heever Thomas Stanley. "Development and optimisation of a zinc oxide nanowire nanogenerator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85781.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study developed and optimised zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire-based nanogenerator.
The nanogenerator works on the piezoelectric effect that is, a mechanical
force is converted to an electrical voltage. The ZnO nanowires are piezoelectric
and when any force is applied to the nanowires an output voltage is generated.
This ZnO nanowire-based nanogenerator can be used to power small electronic
devices, such as pacemakers. The nanogenerator can also be incorporated into
clothes and shoes to generate electricity to charge a cell phone for example. The
problem experienced currently is that the nanogenerator does not generate enough
electricity to be of practical use and needs to be further optimised. Simulations and
mathematical models were used to identify areas where the nanogenerator could
be optimised in order to increase the output voltage. It is shown that the morphology
of the nanowires can have a considerable effect on the output voltage. For this
reason the growth of the nanowires was investigated first. Different methods were
used to propagate the nanowires in order to select the method that, on average,
has the highest output voltage. Accordingly, one parameter at a time and design of
experiments were used to optimise the nanowire growth. Consequently, these two
methods were used to optimise the growth parameters with the respect to the output
voltage. The aqueous solution method was found to yield nanowires that give
the highest generated output voltage. After growing over 600 nanowire samples,
optimal growth parameters for this method were found. These optimal growth parameters
were subsequently used to grow nanowires that were used to manufacture
the nanogenerator. The nanowires were grown on a solid substrate and hence
the nanogenerator was also manufactured on the solid substrate. Through various
optimisations of the manufacturing process the maximum output voltage achieved
was about 500 mV. However, this output voltage is too low to be of practical use,
even though the output has been raised considerably. The main problem was found
to be the fact that the contact between the nanowires and the electrode was weak
due to contamination. A new method was therefore required where the electrode
and the nanowires would be in proper contact to ensure that higher output voltages
were achieved. Subsequently, a flexible nanogenerator was manufactured in order to solve this problem. Accordingly, the nanowires were grown on the flexible
polyimide film and a buffer layer was then spun onto the flexible substrate, leaving
only the nanowire tips exposed. The electrode was then sputtered on top of this
buffer layer, covering the nanowire tips. This ensured proper contact between the
nanowires and the electrode. The nanogenerator, which was manufactured with
non-optimal growth parameters, gives a maximum voltage output of 1 V, double
the maximum achieved with the solid nanogenerator. When the optimal growth
parameters were used the output voltage was raised to 2 V. Various optimisation
techniques were performed on the nanogenerator, including plasma treatment and
annealing and the use of various materials in the buffer layer. Combining these
optimisation methods subsequently led to an optimised nanogenerator that can
generate an output voltage of over 5 V. This was achieved after over 1200 nanogenerators
had been manufactured. However, the output voltage was not in a usable
form. Circuitry was therefore developed to transform the voltage generated by the
nanogenerator to a useable form. The best circuit, the LTC3588, was used to power
an LED for 10 seconds. The completed device was found to achieve a power output
of 0.3 mW, enough for small electronic devices.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Sink-oksied (ZnO) nanodraad gebaseerde nanogenerator is ontwikkeld en geöptimeer.
Die nanogenerator werk met behulp van die piezoelektriese effek - meganiese
krag work omgesit in ‘n elektriese spanning. Die ZnO nanodrade is piezoelektries
en wanneer ‘n krag op die drade aangewend word, word ‘n uittree spanning
gegenereer. Die nanogenerator kan gebruik word om klein elektroniese toestelle,
soos ‘n pasaangeër, van krag te voorsien. Die nanogenerator kan in klere en skoene
geïnkorporeer word om elektrisiteit op te wek vir die laai van ‘n selfoon. Die probleem
is egter dat die nanogenerator tans nie genoeg krag opwek om prakties van
nut te wees nie en verdere optimasie word benodig. Simulasies en wikundige modelle
work gebruik om areas te identifiseer waar die nanogenerator geöptimeer kan
word, met die doel om die uittreespanning te verhoog. Dit word bewys dat die
morfologie van die nanodrade ‘n groot effek het op die uittreespanning. Dus word
die groei van die nanodrade eerste ondersoek. Verskillende metodes word gebruik
om die nanodrade te groei en die beste metode, wat die hoogste uittreespanning op
gemiddeld verskaf, word gekies. Een parameter op ‘n slag en ontwerp van eksperimente
word gebruik om die nanodraad groei te optimeer. Die groei parameters
word geöptimeer deur van die twee metodes gebruik te maak, en die optimeering
word gedoen in terme van die uittreespanning. Die oplossing groei metode lei tot
nanodrade wat die hoogste uittreespanning verskaf. Na oor die 600 nanodraad
monsters gegroei is, is die optimale parameters gevind. Hierdie optimale parameters
word uitsluitlik gebruik om die nanogenerator te vervaardig. Die nanodrade
word op ‘n soliede substraat gegroei en dus word die nanogenerator op dieselfde
soliede substraat vervaardig. Verskeie metodes is gebruik om die vervaardiging te
optimeer en die hoogste uittreespanning wat bereik is, is 500 mV. Die uittreespanning
is te laag om van praktiese nut te wees alhoewel dit heelwat verhoog is. Die
grootste probleem is die swak kontak tussen die nanodrade en die elektrode, wat
veroorsaak word deur kontaminasie. ‘n Nuwe metode word verlang wat beter
kontak tussen die nanodrade en elektrode sal verseker. ‘n Buigbare nanogenerator
is vervaardig om die probleem op te los. Die nanodrade word nou op ‘n buigbare
film gegroei. ‘n Bufferlaag word tussen die nanodrade in gedraai, tot net die punte van die nanodrade nog sigbaar is. Die elektrode word bo-op die bufferlaag
gedeponeer, wat behoorlike kontak tussen die nanodrade en elektrode verseker.
Die nanogenerator wat met nie-optimale groei parameters vervaardig is, bereik ‘n
uittreespanning van 1 V, dubbel die soliede nanogenerator. Met optimale groei parameters
word die uittreespanning tot 2 V verhoog. Verskeie optimasie tegnieke
word op die nanogenerator toegepas. Die metodes sluit in suurstof plasma behandeling,
verhitting en die inkorporasie van verskillende materiale in die bufferlaag.
‘n Kombinasie van die metodes geïnkorporeer in een nanogenerator lei tot ‘n uittreespanning
van 5 V. Die uittreespanning is bereik na oor die 1200 nanogenerators
vervaardig is. The uittreespanning is nog nie in ‘n bruikbare vorm nie. Spesiale
stroombane is ontwikkel wat die nanogenerator spanning omskakel na ‘n bruikbare
vorm. Die beste stroombaan, die LTC3588, kan ‘n LED aanskakel vir 10 sekondes.
The toestel kan ook 0.3mWuittreekrag voorsien, genoeg vir klein elektroniese
toestelle om te werk.
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Fageehi, Yahya. "SIMULATION-BASED OPTIMIZATION FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS WITH SUPPLY AND DEMAND UNCERTAINTY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1531147903589262.
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Brüning, Simone [Verfasser], Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Winterhalter, Roland [Gutachter] Benz, Volker C. [Gutachter] Hass, and Florian [Gutachter] Kuhnen. "Development of a generalized process model for optimization of biotechnological processes / Simone Brüning ; Gutachter: Mathias Winterhalter, Roland Benz, Volker C. Hass, Florian Kuhnen ; Betreuer: Mathias Winterhalter." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141379724/34.
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Liao, I.-Chun, and 廖怡鈞. "Optimization of Software Development Process." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09484963220616306282.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工業工程與管理系所<br>97<br>In recent years, the key reasons for the success in software industry are the capability of managing software development process in addition to the use of new technology. In order to improve the software development process (SDP), Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is widely adopted by the software companies all over the world. The staged approach of CMMI yields appraisal results as one of five maturity levels. Many organizations have conducted the appraisal of maturity level 2 or 3. However, when software organizations continuously enhance their software process maturity to maturity level 4 or 5, most of them are confronted with some difficulties. Many studies proposed methods, including Statistical Process Control (SPC), prediction models and some quantitative simulation methods, to help software organizations to meet the requirements of maturity level 4 or 5. However, some of these quantitative methods, such as stochastic optimization modeling (SOM), are too complicated for software engineers or managers to learn and employ. Another drawback is that adopting these methods is too time-consuming. To simplify the process of optimizing the single performance-indicator, this study utilizes the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the best option of each sub-process. The proposed method can not only achieve the effect as SOM but also save a lot of time or effort as compared with SOM. In addition, this study utilizes the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to optimize multi-performance-indicator simultaneously and determine the best option of each sub-process. Finally, a real case from a paper of SEI is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
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Cêra, Miguel Morais Gomes. "Own brand product development: optimization of the development process." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6006.
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The main purpose of this study was to optimize the process of developing and launching new own brand products in the Perishable Commercial Department from a large retail company in Portugal. Specifically, study the process currently in use and identify its weakest points, in order to make it faster and more efficient.
Data selection was carried out and a methodology for its analysis was established, in order to achieve the company’s goals and concerns, namely, the importance of launching the best products as quickly as possible to the market.<br>O grande objectivo deste projecto consistiu em optimizar o processo de desenvolvimento e lançamento de novos produtos de marca própria na Direcção Comercial de Perecíveis de uma grande empresa de retalho em Portugal. Mais concretamente, estudar o processo actualmente em prática e identificar os seus pontos fracos, de forma a torná-lo mais rápido e eficiente.
Foi necessário proceder a uma selecção dos dados a utilizar, estabelecer uma metodologia de análise e ir ao encontro dos interesses e preocupações da empresa, nomeadamente a importância de lançar os melhores produtos da forma mais rápida possível para o mercado.
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Silva, André Ramires Ferreira da. "Sustainable microalgae biorefinery development through process optimization." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128604.
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