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Shaluhiyah, Zahroh, Ratih Indraswari, and Aditya Kusumawati. "Factors Influence on Dietary Intake and Practices of Adolescent Girls Aged 15-19 in Rural Area Central Java." Amerta Nutrition 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v5i2.2021.105-114.
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Background: Dietary habits formed during adolescence have been shown to track into adulthood. Establishing healthy eating behaviours among adolescents, therefore, has both short- and long-term health benefits..Objectives: This study aims to identify dietary habits among adolescent girls aged 15-19 in rural area and its influence factorsMethod: This is a quantitative study with cross-sectional approach, involved 93 adolescent girls aged 15-19 in Jatipurwo village who were selected randomly. Data was collected by enumerators using structure questionnaires that has been validated in other village before. Univariate, bivariate using Chi-Square and multivariate (logistic regression) were employed to analyze data.Results: The eating behavior of adolescent girls were categorized as unhealthy and unbalanced diet. It was shown with insufficient level of energy including low adequacy of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The average height of adolescents was 155 cm. Most adolescents have LILA less than 23.5cm. As Low socioeconomic family income tends to have eating habits with low nutritional value both in quantity and quality as well as food variations. Lack of food availability at the family level makes teens have poor diet. It is recommended that the need for increased food security at the family level and provide awareness to adolescents about healthy eating.
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Armar-Klemesu, M., T. Rikimaru, D. O. Kennedy, E. Harrison, Y. Kido, and E. E. K. Takyi. "Household Food Security, Food Consumption Patterns, and the Quality of Children's Diet in a Rural Northern Ghana Community." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600106.
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Twenty households in a rural northern Ghana community were studied to ascertain evidence of seasonality and the relationship between household food-security status and the food and nutrient intakes of preschool children. All food consumed by household members was weighed for three consecutive days, and nutrient intakes were calculated from appropriate food composition tables. Diet quality was assessed by quantitative and descriptive analysis. Mean daily intakes of selected food items reflected an over-dependence on cereals and a minimal consumption of animal products. The consumption of vegetables, especially low during the pre-harvest season, increased during the post-harvest season. Nutrient intakes, which were generally lower than recommended dietary allowances, increased during the post-harvest season, although not significantly for calories, protein, and iron (p <.05), in contrast to vitamins A and C (p < .001). There was a significant association between household food-security status and the intakes of calories (p < .001) and protein (p < .01) but not of micronutrients. Diet quality was adversely influenced by a low intake of micronutrients derived primarily from plant sources as well as by poor dietary habits. Calorie and protein intakes appear to have been more influenced by household food availability and were subject to less seasonal fluctuation, while the reverse held true for the micronutrients. In addition, household food security did not necessarily ensure the quality of children's diets in an area where food consumption patterns are monotonous.
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Galy, Olivier, Emilie Paufique, Akila Nedjar-Guerre, Fabrice Wacalie, Guillaume Wattelez, Pierre-Yves Le Roux, Solange Ponidja, et al. "Living in Rural and Urban Areas of New Caledonia: Impact on Food Consumption, Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Parameters Among Melanesian Adolescents." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072047.
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Background: Food consumption, sleep duration and overweight were assessed in rural and urban Melanesian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 312 rural and 104 urban adolescents (11–16 years old) was conducted. Food intakes were assessed by a 26-item food frequency questionnaire and then categorised into the number of serves from each of the three recommended Pacific food groups (energy foods, protective foods, bodybuilding foods), with two additional categories for foods and drinks to be avoided i.e., processed foods and sugary drinks. Number of food serves were compared with the guidelines of 50% serves from energy foods, 35% serves from protective foods and 15% serves from bodybuilding foods. Sleep duration as hours per day was self-reported and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured weight and height. Results: Approximately 17.9% of rural and 26.9% of urban adolescents met the guidelines for energy foods; 61.5% rural and 69.2% urban met the serves for protective foods and 88.5% and 94.2% met the serves for bodybuilding foods. Less than 6.4% rural and 1.9% urban adolescents avoided processed foods but 61.5% rural and 56.7% urban avoided sugary beverages. Sleep duration for school days was below the international recommendations and did not significantly differ between rural and urban groups: respectively, 8.16 ± 1.10 and 8.31 ± 1.29 h. Overweight/obesity percentage was 38.1% for rural and 31.7% for urban adolescents. Conclusions: Although traditional foods, including protective food, are still part of the adolescents’ diet, low consumption of the energy food group and high consumption of processed food occurs regardless of location. As poor eating habits and insufficient sleep may contribute to overweight/obesity, educational nutrition programs should target these lifestyle variables.
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Gerber, Mariette. "Qualitative methods to evaluate Mediterranean diet in adults." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 1a (February 2006): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005937.
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AbstractObjectiveTo fulfil a comprehensive approach to consumption, which is necessary to characterise food habits and their relationship to diseases, using a diet quality index (DQI) developed for a Mediterranean region (Med-DQI).SettingA cross-sectional nutritional survey provided the data for the construction of the DQI.SubjectsA representative sample made up of 964 subjects from a French Mediterranean area, Hérault département.MethodsFoods such as olive oil, fish and cereals were used instead of nutrients to build up scores which constructed the Med-DQI. Biochemical analysis identified biomarkers used to validate the Med-DQI. Correspondence factorial analysis illustrated the characteristics of subjects with different scores given by the Med-DQI.ResultsThe subjects could be satisfactorily classified by the Med-DQI. The oldest age, less educated, overweight, manual workers, living in a rural area and male classes showed a better Med-DQI. For women, they were also from the oldest age class, but some of them were from the upper social class, with an ideal BMI and lived by the Mediterranean shore. A composite biomarker index, based on plasma carotene and vitamin E levels and the percentage of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes membranes, can identify subjects with good and poor Med-DQI.ConclusionMed-DQI G is a good instrument to identify groups at risk with regard to nutritional quality. Subjects with α+β-carotene levels > 1 mg/l, vitamin E > 30 mg/l, EPA > 0.65% and DHA > 4% of fatty acids in erythrocytes are likely to have a good diet.
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Fatima, Yasmin. "Demographic Data for SCSP Mobile Health Care Programme Conducted in the Rural Area of Bhopal District, Madhya Pradesh." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 07, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202101.
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Introduction: Demography is the statistical and mathematical study of the size composition and spatial distribution of human populations. In this article we focused on some demographic data such as age, gender, education, caste, religion, marital status, occupation, addiction and dietary habits which may help to assess the socio economic and health status of the population. Methods: This is an observational and descriptive study, where data collected using a pretested, predesigned questionnaire/screening form to assess the demographic information i.e. age, gender, education, caste, religion, marital status, occupation, addiction and dietary habits, provided by Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine(CCRUM), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Delhi. Sample size was not calculated as all the patients who were coming to OPD were included in the study and all patients were assured of confidentiality of the details collected and patients provided data willingly. Inclusion criteria for the study included all the patients of either sex of any age group attending OPDs in five adopted villages, i.e. Kurana, Kalkheda, Bagoniya, Toomda and Dhammarra during July 2019 to March 2020 at SCSP Mobile Healthcare Programme, Clinical Research Unit, Bhopal. Results and Conclusion: Collected and compiled data exhibits that the Scheduled Castes population visited the OPDs belongs to a low socio-economic group and are mainly small farmers and landless labourers. The percentage of the female population who visited the OPDs was more which reveals that due to the excessive burden of work and poor nutritional diet they are more susceptible to have an illness. Literacy level was fair among population with 19.16 % illiterate. Tobacco chewing is seen more prevalent among the participants. Poverty and less availability of food have led to unsatisfactory dietary habit, though literacy is considerable in these villages.
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Chamoun, Elie, Nicholas Carroll, Lisa Duizer, Wenjuan Qi, Zeny Feng, Gerarda Darlington, Alison Duncan, Jess Haines, and David Ma. "The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes, Taste Function and Dietary Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults in the Guelph Family Health Study." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2018): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10080990.
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Taste is a fundamental determinant of food selection, and inter-individual variations in taste perception may be important risk factors for poor eating habits and obesity. Characterizing differences in taste perception and their influences on dietary intake may lead to an improved understanding of obesity risk and a potential to develop personalized nutrition recommendations. This study explored associations between 93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sweet, fat, bitter, salt, sour, and umami taste receptors and psychophysical measures of taste. Forty-four families from the Guelph Family Health Study participated, including 60 children and 65 adults. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis and parents completed a three-day food record for their children. Parents underwent a test for suprathreshold sensitivity (ST) and taste preference (PR) for sweet, fat, salt, umami, and sour as well as a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste status test. Children underwent PR tests and a PTC taste status test. Analysis of SNPs and psychophysical measures of taste yielded 23 significant associations in parents and 11 in children. After adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing, the rs713598 in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene and rs236514 in the KCNJ2 sour taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with PTC ST and sour PR in parents, respectively. In children, rs173135 in KCNJ2 and rs4790522 in the TRPV1 salt taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with sour and salt taste PRs, respectively. A multiple trait analysis of PR and nutrient composition of diet in the children revealed that rs9701796 in the TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor gene was associated with both sweet PR and percent energy from added sugar in the diet. These findings provide evidence that for bitter, sour, salt, and sweet taste, certain genetic variants are associated with taste function and may be implicated in eating patterns. (Support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs).
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Katenga-Kaunda, Lillian, Penjani Rhoda Kamudoni, Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen, Heidi Fjeld, Ibrahimu Mdala, Per Ole Iversen, and Zumin Shi. "Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake in Pregnancy in Rural Malawi: Comparing Supplementary Nutrition Education and -Counseling With Routine Antenatal Care." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_053.
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Abstract Objectives To describe and compare changes in nutrition knowledge, perception and dietary habits between the intervention and control group and to evaluate the effects of nutrition knowledge on dietary diversification among the two study groups. Methods This study was a two armed randomised control trial. We recruited 257 women (gestational week 9–12) of which 195 (76%) were available for analyses: intervention 92; Control 103) the women were assessed at inclusion (baseine) and two weeks before the expected date of delivery (study end-point) for differences in nutrition knowledge, perception (using a structured questionnaire) and dietary habits (assessing dietary diversity score). We performed descriptive analyses to assess these differences between the two study groups. Three-level linear multilevel regression models with random intercept and random effect of time on participant at level 1 and village level 2 were used to expore the association between nutrition knowledge and dietary habits Results Our results show that both nutrition knowledge and dietary diversity improved in both study groups, but the improvement were significantly higher in the intervention group at study-end point. Increase in nutrition knowledge was associated with improved dietary diversity only among women in the intervention group. Moreover, women in the intervention group improved their nutrition perception and behaviour. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that poor nutrition knowledge is a barrier to consumption of healthy diet during pregnancy, thus supporting the relevance for augmenting nutrition education offered at ANC with supplementary and community-based nutrition interventions. We thus suggest that efforts should be made to strengthen the education component of ANC services as these are decentralized and locally accessible in Malawi and other low-income countries Funding Sources This project was funded by the University of Oslo, The Global Health and Vaccination Program (GLOBVAC) of the research council of Norway and by the Throne Holst foundation.
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Goyal, Neha, and Sudhir Kumar Gupta. "Self-care practices among known type 2 diabetic patients in Haldwani, India: a community based cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191415.
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Background: The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is expected to rise to 9.9% by 2045 and with this rising prevalence raises the need for good self-care practices by patients themselves, which play a key role in effective management and prevention of complications.Methods: Present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by interviewing them using a structured questionnaire assessing their self-care practices using summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA) scale. Different domains were diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, medication compliance, foot care and smoking and responses were graded according to number of days in previous week a particular self-care activity of a domain was followed. Data analysis was done with help of SPSS version 21.Results: Mean age of diabetic patients in this study subjects was 54.37±13.24 years. 43.45% respondents have poor self-care practice scores. Bivariate analysis showed that self-care practices were significantly poorer among the diabetic patients less than 60 years of age, residing in rural area, either illiterate or studied till primary/intermediate, had diabetes for less than a year and were taking treatment from public health facilities. Poor self-care practices were insignificantly related with gender, marital status, occupation, monthly family income, type of family, food habits, hypertension as comorbidity, family history, BMI and mode of diagnosis. Multivariate analysis indicates that age, education and duration of diabetes are significant predictors for self-care practices.Conclusions: Self-care practices among diabetic patients were poor among 43.45% patients and there is a need for improving them across all assessed domains.
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Lima, Lena Azeredo de, Fúlvio Borges Nedel, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, and Julio Baldisserotto. "Food habits of hypertensive and diabetics cared for in a Primary Health Care service in the South of Brazil." Revista de Nutrição 28, no. 2 (April 2015): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000200008.
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OBJECTIVE: Describe the eating habits of hypertensive and diabetic individuals, classify their adequacy according to the Ministry of Health's Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and determine the association between adequate diet and the health problems under investigation. METHODS: Descriptive study from the baseline of a longitudinal study begun in 2011, with a sample of hypertensive and diabetic patients from a Primary Health Care facility in Southern Brazil, interviewed at home. RESULTS: A total of 2,482 people were interviewed, of which 66.5% were hypertensive, 6.5% diabetic and 27.1% suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Of those interviewed, 29.6% had inadequate eating habits, 46.9% partially inadequate and 23.4% had adequate diets. Low fiber intake was identified along with high consumption of soda, sugar, salt and saturated fat. The most adequate diet was associated with poor health status and the prevalence of inadequate diet was 30.0% higher among those who were only hypertensive. CONCLUSION: According to Ministry of Health guidelines, the eating habits of diabetic and hypertensive subjects are inadequate. The association between adequate diet and the health problems studied indicated a delayed improvement in diet, suggesting an urgent need for preventive and effective interventions to promote healthy eating.
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Cohen, Jennifer, Emma Goddard, Mary-Ellen Brierley, Lynsey Bramley, and Eleanor Beck. "Poor Diet Quality in Children with Cancer During Treatment." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 38, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10434542211011050.
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Background: With improved long-term health outcomes and survivorship, the long-term nutritional management of childhood cancer survivors, from diagnosis to long-term follow-up, has become a priority. The aim of this study was to examine the diet quality of children receiving treatment for cancer. Methods: Participants were parents of children with cancer who were receiving active treatment and not receiving supplementary nutrition. A 24-h dietary recall assessed food and nutrient intake. Serves of food group intakes and classification of core and discretionary items were made according to the Australian Dietary Guidelines and compared with age and sex recommendations. Results: Sixty-four parents participated (75% female). Most children were not consuming adequate intake of vegetables (94% of patients), fruit (77%), and milk/alternatives (75%). Of the vegetables that were consumed, half were classified as discretionary foods (e.g., chips/fries). Nearly half (49%) of children exceeded recommendations for total sugar intake and 65% of patients had an excessive sodium intake. Discussion: Children receiving cancer treatment are consuming diets of reasonable quantity, but poor quality. Information provided during treatment should focus on educating parents on a healthy diet for their child, the importance of establishing healthy eating habits for life, and strategies to overcome barriers to intake during treatment.
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Bucur, Bogdan. "Prolegomena to the Romanian Sociology and Historiography of Food." International Review of Social Research 7, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2017-0007.
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AbstractThis article examines the dietary habits of the predominantly rural (and also urban) population from Romania, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In order to access valid data regarding the diet of the local population, we used the analysis of social documents: journals and memoirs of foreign travelers transiting the Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) throughout the nineteenth century, respectively the monographic research of the Sociological School of Bucharest published mainly in the magazine called Sociologie Românească (1936-1942). At various points in time, we employed comparisons between the diet of the people from urban and rural environments, or between the food regimens of adults and children, correlations between the dietary habits and health status of the population, and between the dietary habits from Romania and those from other European and South American countries. A reading of the current article reveals certain a continuity, for hundreds of years, concerning the deficient dietary regimen of the Romanian peasant, who relied heavily on mămăligă, eaten together with several dairy products. Another conclusion is that, in the rural environment, food scarcity was not economically conditioned: even in the relatively prosperous households that were supplied with all the necessary aliments, women prepared plain, tasteless dishes, because they did not know how to cook. And finally, from a theoretical perspective, in this article we aim to address the rural roots of Romanian historiography and sociology of food (which we shall attempt to examine against similar scientific approaches from Western Europe).
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Jebb, Susan A. "Interventions to accelerate change towards a healthier diet." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 77, no. 2 (May 2018): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117004086.
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Poor diets are a significant contributor to non-communicable diseases and obesity. Despite years of health promotion, change in dietary habits is slow and there is growing recognition of the need to provide greater support to individuals and to complement individual efforts with changes in the food environment to shift the default towards healthier diets. The present paper summarises opportunities for intervention at the individual and population level. It discusses the role of voluntary or mandatory approaches to drive change in the food industry and the need for improved methods to monitor and evaluate progress. It concludes with a call to action from all stakeholders to accelerate change towards a healthier diet.
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Modlinska, Klaudia, and Wojciech Pisula. "Selected Psychological Aspects of Meat Consumption—A Short Review." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091301.
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Eating meat is deeply entrenched in Western culture. It is often associated with wealth and a highly nutritional diet; and for many people it is also an established habit that is difficult to change. The second half of the 20th century was a period of rapid growth in meat consumption, which resulted in intensified meat production. At the same time, eating meat has recently become subject to criticism for health-related, environmental or humanitarian reasons. This review aims to signal the potential consequences of a change of diet or switching to diets that are rich/poor in certain ingredients on the functioning of the hormonal and nervous system, which translates into changes in mood and behavior. This paper discusses the psychological phenomena which underlie the difficulty of changing one’s food preferences and problems encountered while adding new products to the daily diet. Finally, this study summarizes the limitations of modifying eating habits that have resulted from established attitudes and habits.
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Hrolfsdottir, Laufey, Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir, Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir, Ingibjorg Th Hreidarsdottir, Alexander Kr Smarason, Hildur Hardardottir, and Thorhallur I. Halldorsson. "Can a Simple Dietary Screening in Early Pregnancy Identify Dietary Habits Associated with Gestational Diabetes?" Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081868.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is predominantly a lifestyle disease, with diet being an important modifiable risk factor. A major obstacle for the prevention in clinical practice is the complexity of assessing diet. In a cohort of 1651 Icelandic women, this study examined whether a short 40-item dietary screening questionnaire administered in the 1st trimester could identify dietary habits associated with GDM. The dietary variables were aggregated into predefined binary factors reflecting inadequate or optimal intake and stepwise backward elimination was used to identify a reduced set of factors that best predicted GDM. Those binary factors were then aggregated into a risk score (range: 0–7), that was mostly characterised by frequent consumption of soft drinks, sweets, cookies, ice creams and processed meat. The women with poor dietary habits (score ≥ 5, n = 302), had a higher risk of GDM (RR = 1.38; 95%CI = 3, 85) compared with women with a more optimal diet (score ≤ 2, n = 407). In parallel, a pilot (n = 100) intervention was conducted among overweight and obese women examining the effect of internet-based personalized feedback on diet quality. Simple feedback was given in accordance with the answers provided in the screening questionnaire in 1st trimester. At the endpoint, the improvements in diet quality were observed by, as an example, soft drink consumption being reduced by ~1 L/week on average in the intervention group compared to the controls. Our results suggest that a simple dietary screening tool administered in the 1st trimester could identify dietary habits associated with GMD. This tool should be easy to use in a clinical setting, and with simple individualized feedback, improvements in diet may be achieved.
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Scali, Jacqueline, Aurélia Richard, and Mariette Gerber. "Diet profiles in a population sample from Mediterranean southern France." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn200065.
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AbstractObjectiveA Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) was devised to give an overall assessment of dietary habits and to identify groups at risk.DesignThe MDQI was based on scores given for selected levels of consumption of selected nutrients and foods.SettingMediterranean southern France.SubjectsThe sample included 473 men and 491 women in three age classes recruited at random.ResultsOnly 9.5% of men, 9.0% of women, 4.7% of 20–34 year old subjects, 6.6% of 35–54 year old subjects and 14.0% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a healthy diet. However, 10.1% of men, 8.6% of women, 19.4% of 20–34 year old subjects, 10.2% of 35–54 year old subjects and 4.6% of 55–76 year old subjects were shown to have a poor diet. There were significantly fewer smokers among subjects with a good diet but the distribution of moderate wine drinkers was comparable between those with a good diet and those with a poor diet. Correspondence analysis associated a healthy diet with 55–76 year old men and women living in rural areas, who had received primary schooling only and who were manual workers. Both men and women with a poor MDQI score tended to be young and smokers. In addition, women with a poor MDQI tended to be heavy drinkers and obese.ConclusionsThis study showed that the Mediterranean model, which is generally recognized as a healthy diet, appears restricted to older people and to rural areas, whereas urbanized young people depart from it. A nutritional prevention policy targeted at young adults is required to encourage them to adhere to the Mediterranean model. Smoking and drinking showed different distribution patterns in the sample under study.
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Amgain, Kapil, and Sujana Neupane. "Effects of Food Habits on Menstrual Cycle among Adolescent Girls." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.35.
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Background: Menstruation, a normal physiological process in a woman’s body is affected by dietary habit and it can arise different menstrual disorders. The aim of this study is to find out the menstrual health status of young females and their association with their food habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing students of Maharajgunj Nursing Campus from March 2019 to September 2019.. Pretested and the semistructured questionnaire were used to collect the data regarding menstrual history, dietary habits, fast food intake, and food skipping behavior. HEAT (Healthy Eating Assessment Tool) Score was used to assess the food habit and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of dysmenorrhea. Result: Data was collected among 140 students. The mean age was 24.56±2.65 years. The study showed that 87.9% had problems, and 80.7% have dysmenorrhea. The occurrence of the menstrual problems was more in the participants who were having a non-vegetarian diet than in a vegetarian diet which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Similarly, 68.6% of the participants eat fast food and 91.6 % of them have menstrual problems. Meal skipping habit was found to significantly associated with the menstrual problems (P=0.03). Similarly, 105 (75%) of the participants had good food eating habits, and 32 (22.9%) of the participants had poor eating habits. The poor eating habit was significantly associated with menstrual problems. The intensity of dysmenorrhea was more in the participant having a nonvegetarian diet. Further, the pain was more severe among the participants who consume tea and coffee more frequently. Conclusion: The menstrual problems were the alarming problems in the adolescent college going girls of Kathmandu Valley. Excessive intake of junk/fast food, alcohol, and tea/coffee had a significant association with menstrual problems.
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Love, Penelope, Jillian Whelan, Colin Bell, Felicity Grainger, Cherie Russell, Meron Lewis, and Amanda Lee. "Healthy Diets in Rural Victoria—Cheaper than Unhealthy Alternatives, Yet Unaffordable." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112469.
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Rural communities experience higher rates of obesity and reduced food security compared with urban communities. The perception that healthy foods are expensive contributes to poor dietary choices. Providing an accessible, available, affordable healthy food supply is an equitable way to improve the nutritional quality of the diet for a community, however, local food supply data are rarely available for small rural towns. This study used the Healthy Diets ASAP tool to assess price, price differential and affordability of recommended (healthy) and current diets in a rural Local Government Area (LGA) (pop ≈ 7000; 10 towns) in Victoria, Australia. All retail food outlets were surveyed (n = 40). The four most populous towns had supermarkets; remaining towns had one general store each. Seven towns had café/take-away outlets, and all towns had at least one hotel/pub. For all towns the current unhealthy diet was more expensive than the recommended healthy diet, with 59.5% of the current food budget spent on discretionary items. Affordability of the healthy diet accounted for 30–32% of disposable income. This study confirms that while a healthy diet is less expensive than the current unhealthier diet, affordability is a challenge for rural communities. Food security is reduced further with restricted geographical access, a limited healthy food supply, and higher food prices.
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Ferrer-Cascales, Rosario, Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez, Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo, María Rubio-Aparicio, Ana Laguna-Pérez, and Ana Zaragoza-Martí. "Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Isolated Adolescents: The Mediation Effects of Stress." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121894.
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Loneliness perception during adolescence has been increased dramatically in recent years. Changes in lifestyle and difficulties in social interaction could explain this increased phenomenon. As described in previous research, this fact has been associated with the development of high stress levels and dysfunctional lifestyles, in which eating habits play a main role. In this regard, loneliness has been classically associated with poor eating habits, fundamentally the consumption of processed food with little nutritional value. However, the relationship between loneliness and healthy eating patterns, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), has not been previously analyzed. The main aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between perceived loneliness, stress, dietary habits, and adherence to the MD in a sample of 527 Spanish adolescents. The obtained results show a significant association between high perceived loneliness and high stress levels with lower MD adherence. Hence, adolescents with high perceived loneliness exhibit poor dietary habits in comparison to those counterparts with low perceived loneliness. Mediation analyses demonstrated an indirect effect of the loneliness on adherence to the MD through the mediation effect of stress. These findings point out a possible mechanism that underlies the classic association between loneliness and health deterioration, based on a poor adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, such as the MD.
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Csapóné Riskó, Tünde, Ádám Péntek, and Troy Wiwczaroski. "Bread consumption habits in the gluten free diet." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 11, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2017): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2017/3-4/16.
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Gluten is a protein found in many grain products. Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder characterized by sensitivity to gluten. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, his/her immune system perceives the gluten to be a harmful substance and reacts negatively. The only treatment for individuals with celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. It is one of the most frequent and well defined of all lifelong diseases. In Hungary, 1-2 % of the population is said to be affected, but only every 10th has been diagnosed. Bread is a basic and frequently consumed food made principally from wheat. Gluten is the main structure-forming protein in flour, and is responsible for the elastic characteristics of dough, and contributes to the crumb structure and appearance of many baked products. Gluten removal results in major problems for bakers. Currently many gluten-free products available on the market are of low quality, exhibiting poor mouth feel and flavour. People wishing to eat bread in the gluten-free diet basically have two options: buying or baking the bread for themselves. There are several gluten-free bread brands are available on the Hungarian market. The price, ingredients, texture, colour, softness of the available breads are different. There is a rather good choice in gluten-free flour mixtures on the Hungarian market, as well. The composition of these mixtures are also different. The aim of our empirical research was to investigate the gluten-free bread consumption habits of people following gluten-free diet. The research was carried out using Google forms in January 2017. Size of the sample is 196. The online form was shared in four closed gluten free Facebook groups in Hungary since they are really active in sharing information concerning gluten-free lifestyle and diet. Summarizing, in this study we wish to examine how evolve the world pork meat production, trade and consumption, and to demonstrate the main consuming countries, highlighting the role of China, as it is the most populated country in the world with its 1.4 billion inhabitants.
JEL Code: M31
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El Hajj, Jennifer S., and Sofi G. Julien. "Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Dietary Habits among University Students in Lebanon." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (January 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6688462.
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Although the Mediterranean Diet has been acknowledged as the best overall diet for the year 2020, it has seen a decrease in its adherence over the past years. This is due to several reasons, one of which is the gradual shift to a more westernized diet with all the influences that occur especially on university students whose dietary choices set a path for future dietary habits. The aim of this study is to check the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and frequency of breakfast consumption among university students in Lebanon and check whether they are influenced by sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary knowledge, or academic data. A cross-sectional questionnaire was electronically sent to randomly selected students (210 females and 93 males) from different universities across Lebanon, aged between 18 and 25 years old. The questionnaire was filled online, and all data were self-reported. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used as a tool to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. The results showed that 18.8% of respondents had high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Students who reported always consuming breakfast and not skipping meals had significantly higher adherence to the MD. Furthermore, students with lower BMI and higher KIDMED scores had significantly more correct answers on the nutritional knowledge questions. In addition, there was a significant difference in the average KIDMED scores between different GPA categories, most notably when comparing high and poor MD adherence; students with excellent GPA scores had higher adherence to the MD than those with poor GPA scores. In conclusion, nutrition awareness in a university setting is very important since it may positively affect academic outcomes and may be the last chance to teach and engrave healthy eating patterns to a large scale of students.
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Weyh, Christopher, Karsten Krüger, and Barbara Strasser. "Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030622.
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With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and a decline in various immune cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, a more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, and an increased prevalence of autoimmunity and cancer. Physiologically, the immune system has some adaptive strategies to cope with aging, while in some settings, maladaptive responses aggravate the speed of aging and morbidity. While a lack of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and poor nutritional status facilitate immunosenescence and inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise and dietary habits affect immune aging positively. This review will discuss the relevance and mechanisms of immunoprotection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions. In the second part, we will focus on the effect of dietary interventions through the supplementation of the essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics (with a special focus on the kynurenine pathway).
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Whelan, Jill, Lynne Millar, Colin Bell, Cherie Russell, Felicity Grainger, Steven Allender, and Penelope Love. "You Can’t Find Healthy Food in the Bush: Poor Accessibility, Availability and Adequacy of Food in Rural Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 21, 2018): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102316.
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In high-income countries, obesity disproportionately affects those from disadvantaged and rural areas. Poor diet is a modifiable risk factor for obesity and the food environment a primary driver of poor diet. In rural and disadvantaged communities, it is harder to access affordable and nutritious food, affecting both food insecurity and the health of rural residents. This paper aims to describe the food environment in a rural Australian community (approx. 7000 km2 in size) to inform the development of community-relevant food supply interventions. We conducted a census audit of the food environment (ground truthing) of a local government area (LGA). We used the Nutrition Environment Measurement tools (NEMS-S and NEMS-R) to identify availability of a range of food and non-alcoholic beverages, the relative price of a healthy compared to a less healthy option of a similar food type (e.g., bread), the quality of fresh produce and any in-store nutrition promotion. Thirty-eight food retail outlets operated at the time of our study and all were included, 11 food stores (NEMS-S) and 27 food service outlets (NEMS-R). The mean NEMS-S score for all food stores was 21/54 points (39%) and mean NEMS-R score for all food service outlets was 3/23 points (13%); indicative of limited healthier options at relatively higher prices. It is difficult to buy healthy food beyond the supermarkets and one (of seven) cafés across the LGA. Residents demonstrate strong loyalty to local food outlets, providing scope to work with this existing infrastructure to positively impact poor diet and improve food security.
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Carlos, Marchena, Bernabéu Elena, and Iglesias M. Teresa. "Are Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Emotional Eating, Alcohol Intake, and Anxiety Related in University Students in Spain?" Nutrients 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082224.
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Research has suggested that university students are at risk from certain unhealthy habits, such as poor diet or alcohol abuse. At the same time, anxiety levels appear to be higher among university students, which may lead to high levels of emotional eating. The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), emotional eating, alcohol intake, and anxiety among Spanish university students, and the interrelationship of these variables. A total of 252 university students filled out the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire for Mediterranean diet adherence, an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire. We analyzed descriptive data, a t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for differences, a Pearson correlation, and multiple regression tests. Results showed low levels of AMD among university students (15.5%) and considerable levels of emotional eating (29%) and anxiety (23.6%). However, levels of alcohol dependence were low (2.4%). State-anxiety was a predictor of the emotional eater score and its subscales, and sex also was predictive of subscale guilt and the total score. However, AMD was predicted only by trait-anxiety. These models accounted for between 1.9% and 19%. The results suggest the need for the implementation of educational programs to promote healthy habits among university students at risk.
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Huot, Isabelle, Gilles Paradis, Olivier Receveur, and Marielle Ledoux. "Correlates of diet quality in the Quebec population." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 8 (December 2004): 1009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004637.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the correlates of a high-fat diet in urban, suburban and rural areas of Quebec, Canada.Design:A secondary analysis of data collected as part of a 5-year multi-factorial, multi-setting, community-intervention project.Setting:Urban, suburban and rural settings of the province of Quebec, 1997.Subjects:Data were analysed from a sample of 5214 participants (2227 males, 2987 females). A food-frequency questionnaire was completed and a global index of food quality was calculated. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of a diet high in total fats, saturated fat and cholesterol.Results:In both genders, lower level of education, smoking status, French and English languages compared with other languages spoken at home, and a rural environment were associated with poor diet quality. Having no intention to eat low-fat dairy products more often was associated with a high-fat diet. In men, obesity (body mass index >30 kg m−2) and absence of reported health problems were correlates of a high-fat diet, while, in women, lower physical activity was a correlate.Conclusions:Future health interventions in Quebec should target people with low education, smokers and those living in a rural environment. Obese men and sedentary women should have access to specific dietetic resources.
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Stott, Nicole L., and Joseph S. Marino. "High Fat Rodent Models of Type 2 Diabetes: From Rodent to Human." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 3650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123650.
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Poor dietary habits contribute to increased incidences of obesity and related co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). The biological, genetic, and pathological implications of T2D, are commonly investigated using animal models induced by a dietary intervention. In spite of significant research contributions, animal models have limitations regarding the translation to human pathology, which leads to questioning their clinical relevance. Important considerations include diet-specific effects on whole organism energy balance and glucose and insulin homeostasis, as well as tissue-specific changes in insulin and glucose tolerance. This review will examine the T2D-like phenotype in rodents resulting from common diet-induced models and their relevance to the human disease state. Emphasis will be placed on the disparity in percentages and type of dietary fat, the duration of intervention, and whole organism and tissue-specific changes in rodents. An evaluation of these models will help to identify a diet-induced rodent model with the greatest clinical relevance to the human T2D pathology. We propose that a 45% high-fat diet composed of approximately one-third saturated fats and two-thirds unsaturated fats may provide a diet composition that aligns closely to average Western diet macronutrient composition, and induces metabolic alterations mirrored by clinical populations.
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Bellotto, Maria Luisa. "A INFLUÊNCIA DA ALIMENTAÇÃO E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DO BRASILEIRO SOB A INFLAMAÇÃO SUBCLÍNICA SISTÊMICA – UM PRATO CHEIO PARA O COVID-19." Simbio-Logias Revista Eletrônica de Educação Filosofia e Nutrição 12, no. 16 (2020): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32905/19833253.2020.12.16p20.
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Knowledge about eating habits is relevant for understanding the relations between diet, obesity and development of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. The storage of calories as body fat, mainly in the visceral subcutaneous adipose tissue, as consequence of hypercaloric diet poor in nutrients, is responsible for increasing sublinic inflammation and overloading the immune system. Diet plays an important role in reducing inflammation. In time of infectious pandemia, of the new corona virus (COVID-19), the food quality and nutritional status of Brazilians may interfere in fighting this infection. Based on the literature, this article aims to discuss the Brazilians eating habbits and nutritional status. The data shows that Brazilian are gainning weight and tend to a diet poor in nutrient intake. Consequently this scenario favors the subclinical inflammation and the weakness of the immune response. We suggest that Brazilian Health Authorities pay attention to this issue.
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Polak, Rani, David Pober, Elliot M. Berry, Tehila Mazal, Rakefet Arieli, and Mati Ziv. "Improving the quality of foods available in a rural kibbutz cafeteria in Israel to align with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a community culinary coaching programme." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 17 (July 22, 2019): 3229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001721.
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AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of a community culinary coaching programme (CCCP) on cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet, and diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction.Design:A non-randomized, controlled, community-based participatory research programme. CCCP included eight 90 min coaching sessions with a community steering committee, 22 h of kitchen staff training, 12 h of pre-school staff training and 30 h of education for diners; control communities received no intervention. Outcomes, measured before and 12 months after programme initiation, included cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a food items list derived from the cafeteria food purchasing software, and adult diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction through questionnaires.Setting:Communal cafeterias of rural kibbutzim.Participants:Intervention: kibbutz with 493 adults and 214 children. Control: Two kibbutzim with a total of 487 adults and 206 children.Results:Intervention cafeteria food improved significantly in all Mediterranean index categories except nuts (legumes, wholegrain products, fish, MUFA/SFA P < 0·0001; fruits, vegetables P < 0·001; processed meats P = 0·004), and in the proportion of ultra-processed and unprocessed or minimally processed foods categories of the NOVA classification (−22 %, P < 0·001 and +7 %, P < 0·001, respectively), compared with the control community. The intervention group’s satisfaction was significantly improved in twenty-five (83 %) out of the thirty satisfaction items, compared with twelve (40 %) in the control group. No changes were identified in diners’ consumption habits in either intervention or control communities.Conclusions:CCCP might be useful in improving alignment of cafeteria food with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet.
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Muscogiuri, Giovanna, Luigi Barrea, Sara Aprano, Lydia Framondi, Rossana Di Matteo, Daniela Laudisio, Gabriella Pugliese, Silvia Savastano, and Annamaria Colao. "Sleep Quality in Obesity: Does Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Matter?" Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051364.
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Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with sleep disturbances (SD). The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and sleep quality. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate whether adherence to the MD is associated with sleep quality in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (Obesity, Programs of Nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment of the best treatment) prevention project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and sleep quality were studied. Overall, 50.6% of the subjects were good sleepers (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) < 5) while 49.4% were poor sleepers (PSQI ≥ 5). Our results demonstrated that good sleepers, when compared to poor sleepers (p < 0.001) had significantly higher adherence to the MD as assessed by PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) score, lower BMI (body mass index) and waist circumference (WC). The higher PSQI, the higher the BMI (p < 0.001) and WC values (p < 0.001), thus suggesting that poor sleep was more common in subjects with obesity. In addition, a negative correlation between PSQI and the PREDIMED score (p < 0.001) was found. to the intake of the cluster of foods enclosed in the MD, rather than the intake of the single food, predicted PSQI. By performing a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we determined a cut-off value at a PREDIMED score < 9 as the threshold for screening poor sleepers. In conclusion, good sleepers had lower BMI and WC and higher adherence to the MD than poor sleepers. PSQI was positively associated to BMI and WC while it was negatively associated to adherence to the MD. The consumption of the MD dietary pattern rather than the intake of a single nutrient has a beneficial effect on sleep quality. Hence, the assessment of sleep should be taken into account in the management of obesity and promoting adherence to the MD could be a tool to improve SD.
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Owais, Aatekah, David G. Kleinbaum, Parminder S. Suchdev, ASG Faruque, Sumon K. Das, Benjamin Schwartz, and Aryeh D. Stein. "Household food security and infant feeding practices in rural Bangladesh." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 10 (November 13, 2015): 1875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015003195.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between household food security and infant complementary feeding practices in rural Bangladesh.DesignProspective, cohort study using structured home interviews during pregnancy and 3 and 9 months after delivery. We used two indicators of household food security at 3-months’ follow-up: maternal Food Composition Score (FCS), calculated via the World Food Programme method, and an HHFS index created from an eleven-item food security questionnaire. Infant feeding practices were characterized using WHO definitions.SettingTwo rural sub-districts of Kishoreganj, Bangladesh.SubjectsMother–child dyads (n 2073) who completed the 9-months’ follow-up.ResultsComplementary feeding was initiated at age ≤4 months for 7 %, at 5–6 months for 49 % and at ≥7 months for 44 % of infants. Based on 24 h dietary recall, 98 % of infants were still breast-feeding at age 9 months, and 16 % received ≥4 food groups and ≥4 meals (minimally acceptable diet) in addition to breast milk. Mothers’ diet was more diverse than infants’. The odds of receiving a minimally acceptable diet for infants living in most food-secure households were three times those for infants living in least food-secure households (adjusted OR=3·0; 95 % CI 2·1, 4·3). Socio-economic status, maternal age, literacy, parity and infant sex were not associated with infant diet.ConclusionsHHFS and maternal FCS were significant predictors of subsequent infant feeding practices. Nevertheless, even the more food-secure households had poor infant diet. Interventions aimed at improving infant nutritional status need to focus on both complementary food provision and education.
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John, Agatha Mary, Angitha Saji, Krupa Ann Sunil, Abel Abraham Thomas, and Abhilash B. Kumar. "Effect of diet, exercise and other contributing factors on menstruation." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 3901. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213020.
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Background: The poor knowledge and understanding of menstruation may lead to unsafe hygienic practice that in turn increases the risk of reproductive and genito-urinary tract infections and leads to overall poor quality of life. The food we consume have a complementary relationship with the pattern of menstrual cycle and so is the involvement of exercises. The study focused on understanding the relationship between effect of diet, exercise and other contributing factors on menstruation.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study done with a sample size of 650 subjects of 9 to 18 age group in whom menstruation already occurred who were recruited from five different schools in regions of Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha.Results: It was found that lack of exercise before and during menstruation has caused increased cramps and mood instability in girls. As well as skipping of breakfast and consumption of junk food was found to elevate pain, eventually affecting daily activities.Conclusions: The importance of counselling to all girls from the age of 9 was found to be necessary through the study and thereby adequate changes for a healthy future. Lack of exercise, unhealthy food habits and delayed identification of menstrual problems can have a negative impact on health.
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Bhatt, Yamini, and Kalpana Kulshrestha. "Dietary Modifications during Pregnancy through Decades." International Journal of Nutrology 14, no. 02 (August 2021): e43-e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733836.
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AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the modifications in diet during pregnancy over three generations in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. For the selection of the sample, the respondents were categorized in 3 age groups: 20 to 34 years; 35 to 55 years; and ≥ 56 years. Structured diet recall interviews were scheduled for the collection of data. The subjects were asked about their dietary habits during pregnancy and food items that they included and excluded during that period. Most food items mentioned included were milk, fruits, and nutritional supplements. The exclusion of fruits like banana and papaya, of rice, and of leafy green vegetables (LGVs) was mainly observed. Among the age group of ≥ 56 years, the respondents with no changes in their diet during pregnancy were more from rural areas (92%) than from urban areas (62.26%), while in the age group of 20 to 34 years, 25% of the respondents with no change in their diet lived in rural areas, and 8.06% lived in urban areas. There has been an increase in the population with dietary modifications through generations; however, the overall changes are still not satisfying. The present study shows that there is a high need for nutritional education during pregnancy, especially in rural areas.
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Gupta, Avirup, and Tom K. J. Craig. "Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia in high and low care supported housing." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000476.
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SUMMARYBackground – People suffering from schizophrenia have markedly increased physical morbidity and mortality. A poor diet and sedentary lifestyle make a significant contribution to this ill health. Healthcare professionals need to include assessments of diet and to promote a ‘healthy living’ lifestyle. Aims – To describe the dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors of people with chronic schizophrenia living in supported accommodation and to audit the provision of cardiovascular health screening in this population. Method – The dietary habits of 69 people with chronic schizophrenia living in community settings were assessed. Tobacco smoking, body mass indices and waist circumference were also measured. The dietary behaviour of patients living in high care settings with care staff present every day was compared with those in low care settings. Results – Residents in both levels of care made poor dietary choices. Patients in high care were consuming more fast food than those in low care. The dietary habits of men and women in both levels of care were worse than reported by surveys of the general population in England. All patients had seen their GP in the previous year though only 3 had received diabetes screening and fewer than half had lipid profiles. Conclusions – People with schizophrenia do not improve their diet just by the provision of healthy food as was the case in high care settings. Secondary care services must address physical health monitoring as well as mental health if the increased mortality of patients with schizophrenia is to be addressed effectively. More effective interventions are necessary to improve and sustain a healthy diet.Declaration of Interest: Nothing to declare.
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Genc, Mahmut, and Seda Genc. "Mediterranean Diet adherence in emerging adults in Izmir." British Food Journal 121, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2018-0470.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the adherence and abandonment of the Turkish emerging adults in an Izmir University located at western Mediterranean coast of Turkey and to assess potential associations with anthropometric characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey (n=494, 18–27 years) carried out in 2017 among emerging adults in University. KIDMED Index was used to assess the degree of adherence Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). The associations of KIDMED scores with demographic, residency and anthropometric were separately reported. The data were collected through standardized questionnaires directly from participants. Findings The average KIDMED score was calculated 4.86±2.5. Optimum adherence to the MedDiet was found only in 13.0 percent of participants, whereas 32.6 percent had poor adherence levels. Considering self-reported anthropometric data, the BMI values of the population was calculated as 22.3±3.9 kg/m2. In population, 13.9 percent of the subjects were underweight, while 16.0 percent were overweight and 3.9 percent obese. A significant association was found between BMI and KIDMED scores both in genders and residency. Originality/value This is the first study reporting the level of adherence to the MedDiet among Turkish emerging adults in terms of residency during education and the first KIDMED study conducted in Izmir located at Aegean Sea. The results support previously proposed transition concept by several scholar from different Mediterranean countries: it was found that only 13 percent of young adults having desired dietary habits in an Aegean city with local traditional cuisine highly affected by Cretan cuisine. These results are significant for University managements and health authorities in order to take actions for returning this transition contrariwise beginning with these groups.
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Theron, M., A. Amissah, IC Kleynhans, E. Albertse, and UE MacIntyre. "Inadequate dietary intake is not the cause of stunting amongst young children living in an informal settlement in Gauteng and rural Limpopo Province in South Africa: the NutriGro study." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 4 (April 2007): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007246579.
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AbstractObjectiveTo measure dietary intakes of young children aged 12–24 months and to determine the impact of poor diets on stunting.DesignA quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was adapted, tested and standardised. Trained enumerators conducted in-depth interviews with the mothers/caregivers of the children. Forty stunted children in urban informal settlements and 30 stunted children in rural areas were selected and pair-matched with controls. The data were captured on the Food Finder Program of the Medical Research Council.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the diet of stunted and non-stunted groups did differ significantly and all diets were of poor nutritional quality.ConclusionDiets in both areas resembled the recommended prudent diet, i.e. low in fat and high in carbohydrates. Poor quality diets were not the primary cause of stunting.
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Leandro, Carol Góis, Eveline Viana da Silva da Fonseca, Cybelle Rolim de Lim, Mario Eugénio Tchamo, and Wylla Tatiana Ferreira-e-Silva. "Barriers and Enablers That Influence Overweight/Obesity/Obesogenic Behavior in Adolescents From Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 40, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119853926.
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Background: Overweight/obesity during adolescence in lower-middle income countries has become a public health problem with consequences in adulthood. Inadequate dietary habits, poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and parental obesity have been reported. Objective: To describe management of obesity-like food habits and behavior of adolescents from lower-middle income countries with respect to what keeps them using this diet (barriers) and what helps them avoid it (enablers). Methods: Systematic review of the literature related to obesity and food intake of adolescents conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: We classified 11 eligible studies describing the barriers to and enablers of the management of obesity-like food intake and obesity lifestyle. The dual burdens of malnutrition and increased urbanization have been observed. There is preference for processed food, dietary habits, and obesity-like food intake and sedentary behavior. Barriers to managing body weight gain included mostly consumption of fast-food and snack food, less vegetable and fruit intake, skipping meals, and sedentary behavior. Enablers of managing body weight gain included changes in nutritional habits, perception of the consumption of healthy food, physical activity, and engagement in programs to change lifestyle. Conclusion: The globalization of the fast food industry has provided an obesogenic environmental stimulus for adolescents in lower-middle income countries.
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Akter, Rumana, Hiroaki Sugino, Nasima Akhter, Christopher L. Brown, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, and Nobuyuki Yagi. "Micronutrient Adequacy in the Diet of Reproductive-Aged Adolescent Girls and Adult Women in Rural Bangladesh." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020337.
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Micronutrient deficiencies remain a serious nutritional concern in Bangladesh, especially among rural women of reproductive age (WRA). This study assesses the diet quality of reproductive-aged adolescent girls and adult women (referred to together as WRA in this study), including socio-demographic factors associated with their diet quality. The diet quality of adolescent girls was compared with that of adult women to assess which group was most at risk. The diet quality was measured by calculating the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), using the preceding 24 h dietary recall method. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated as an overall measure of diet quality using the NAR. Nearly three quarters of WRA (adolescents: 73.1–88.5%; adult women: 72.9–86.4%) had an inadequate intake of calcium, vitamin A, folic acid, and vitamin B12. The prevalence of inadequate dietary intakes of calcium, zinc, and energy was significantly higher in adolescent girls (p < 0.001) than in adult women. Overall diet quality was significantly better in adult women (0.51 ± 0.21, p < 0.001) than in adolescent girls (0.49 ± 0.22). Age, marital status, educational level, and monthly household income were important factors associated with the diet quality of WRA. Micronutrient inadequacy is widely prevalent in the diets of WRA in Bangladesh, and adolescent girls with poor socio-economic status and lower educational levels are at higher risk.
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Carbonneau, Elise, Benoît Lamarche, Jacynthe Lafrenière, Julie Robitaille, Véronique Provencher, Sophie Desroches, Louise Corneau, and Simone Lemieux. "Are French Canadians able to accurately self-rate the quality of their diet? Insights from the PREDISE study." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 3 (March 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0293.
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The main objective of this study was to compare self-rated diet quality with a more comprehensive score of diet quality and to assess the ability of self-rated diet quality to predict adherence to healthy eating guidelines. This study also aimed to evaluate the influence of individual characteristics on the association between self-rated diet quality and the overall diet quality score. As part of the PRédicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux (PREDISE) study, 1045 participants (51% women) from the Province of Québec, Canada, self-rated their diet quality (“In general, would you say that your dietary habits are excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?”). Three Web-based 24-h food recalls were completed, generating data for the calculation of the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) score, an overall diet quality indicator. Participants rated their diet quality as excellent (2.4%), very good (22.7%), good (49.5%), fair (20.3%), or poor (5.1%). C-HEI scores differed significantly between diet ratings, in the expected direction (p < 0.0001). Self-rated diet quality predicted adherence to healthy eating guidelines (i.e., C-HEI > 68) with a sensitivity of 44.5% and a specificity of 81.5% (C-statistic = 0.63). Sex significantly modified the association between self-rated diet quality and C-HEI score (p interaction = 0.0131); women had higher C-HEI scores than did men in the “good” and “fair” ratings. Self-rated diet quality can be useful in obtaining an overview of the diet quality of a population, but the results of this study suggest that such data should be used with caution given their poor ability to predict adherence to healthy eating guidelines. Individual characteristics may influence one’s ability to appropriately self-evaluate diet quality.
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Marín-Marín, José-Antonio, Rebeca Soler-Costa, Antonio-José Moreno-Guerrero, and Jesús López-Belmonte. "Effectiveness of Diet Habits and Active Life in Vocational Training for Higher Technician in Dietetics: Contrast between the Traditional Method and the Digital Resources." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113475.
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Vocational training of students in diet habits and active lifestyle habits has recently become an important issue, given the health problems caused as a result of a poor diet. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of different training actions (traditional method and digital resources) carried out in a program of dietary habits and active lifestyle at the vocational training stage. A quasi-experimental design of the pre-post type was developed. A sample of 177 participants was chosen. The instrument to collect the data was the validated ECHAES questionnaire. The results show that all study groups demonstrated similar averages across all dimensions, except in the digital resource post-test design, where the averages were higher than the rest. There was a significant relationship between the traditional teaching method and the post-test digital resources design in all dimensions. There was also a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test of the traditional teaching method and the digital resource group in the dimensions. It can be concluded that both the traditional and the innovative method lead to learning in the vocational training student, although the values achieved by the group where the innovative method was adopted were much higher than in the traditional group.
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Syafitri, Yunita, Hidayat Syarief, and Yayuk Farida Baliwati. "KEBIASAAN JAJAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Kasus di SDN Lawanggintung 01 Kota Bogor)." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 4, no. 3 (November 13, 2009): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2009.4.3.167-175.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.8pt .0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Healthy foods contribute to elementary school student proper growth and development. During school time they have greater access and sufficient opportunity to consume street food that available at school. However, poor street food choices can result in unbalance diet. Availability of street food in school play significant role to elementary school student diet. Street food can contribute 10-20% nutrients toward student daily consumptions. Street food devide into main dishes, snacks, and beverages. The aim of this study was to assess snacking habit of elementary school student in SDN Lawanggintung 01 Kota Bogor. Snacking habits devined as number of street food type and frequency of snacking in school area included canteen merchants and outside school permanent merchants. Design of this study was cross sectional. Fifty student were selected using simple random sampling. Street food contributed to 26.0% energy; 18.7% protein; 22.9% lipid, 20.0% iron; 19.1% vitamin A; dan 24.8% vitamin C to total daily intake. Street food had contribute to 23.0% energy; 21.7% protein; 30.9% lipid, 19.5% iron; 24.1% vitamin A; dan 26.6% vitamin C to adequate intake level. Age and gender had not related to street food habits. Pocket money to purchased food is related to street food habits. Childrens familiy social economic characteristic not related to street food habits. Pocket money to purchased food affected street food habits.</span></p>
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Petkevičienė, Janina, Jūratė Klumbienė, Vitalija Ramažauskienė, Vilma Kriaučionienė, Edita, and Vilius Grabauskas. "Diet and Dyslipidemias in a Lithuanian Rural Population Aged 25-64: the CINDI Survey." Medicina 48, no. 4 (May 5, 2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina48040030.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the dietary intake of a Lithuanian rural population and to assess the relationship between diet and dyslipidemias. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional health survey was carried out in 5 municipalities of Lithuania in 2007. The random sample was obtained from lists of 25- to 64-year-old inhabitants registered at primary health care centers (n=1739). The food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall was used for the evaluation of nutrition habits. The levels of serum lipids were determined using enzymatic methods. Factor analysis was employed in order to reduce the number of food items. The scores of food factors were used in linear regression analysis of associations between nutrition and serum lipid levels. Results. The diet of the study population was very high in fat, especially in saturated fatty acids. The content of cholesterol in the diet of men was higher than recommended. The main sources of fat and protein were meat, milk, and their products. Cereals were the main source of carbohydrates. The major proportion of monosaccharide and disaccharides was derived from confectionary and fruits. The mean serum total cholesterol level was 5.60 mmol/L in men and 5.51 mmol/L in women. Conclusions. Healthier food patterns were associated with the lower levels of total, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride.
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Lakshmanan, Arun Prasath, Amira Kohil, Farah El Assadi, Sara Al Zaidan, Shaikha Al Abduljabbar, Dhinoth Kumar Bangarusamy, Fawziya Al Khalaf, Goran Petrovski, and Annalisa Terranegra. "Akkermansia, a Possible Microbial Marker for Poor Glycemic Control in Qataris Children Consuming Arabic Diet—A Pilot Study on Pediatric T1DM in Qatar." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030836.
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In Qatar, Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most prevalent disorders. This study aimed to explore the gut microbiome’s relation to the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, dietary habits, and the HbA1c level in the pediatric T1DM subjects in Qatar. We recruited 28 T1DM subjects with an average age of 10.5 ± 3.53 years. The stool sample was used to measure microbial composition by 16s rDNA sequencing method. The results have revealed that the subjects who had undergone CSII therapy had increased microbial diversity and genus Akkermansia was significantly enriched in the subjects without CSII therapy. Moreover, genus Akkermansia was higher in the subjects with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%). When we classified the subjects based on dietary patterns and nationality, Akkermansia was significantly enriched in Qataris subjects without the CSII therapy consuming Arabic diet than expatriates living in Qatar and eating a Western/mixed diet. Thus, this pilot study showed that abundance of Akkermansia is dependent on the Arabic diet only in poorly controlled Qataris T1DM patients, opening new routes to personalized treatment for T1DM in Qataris pediatric subjects. Further comprehensive studies on the relation between the Arabic diet, ethnicity, and Akkermansia are warranted to confirm this preliminary finding.
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Mazhayeva, Tatyana V., Svetlana E. Dubenko, and Eduard G. Plotko. "Nutrition quality assessment on industrial enterprises with various service types." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 11 (February 18, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-11-51-55.
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Dietary intake (2 week menu) was evaluated on 4 metallurgic enterprises, with assessment of eating habits and anthropometry in 370 workers, using automated informational system “Calculation system for catering”. The eating habits were assessed through the authors’ questionnaire. According to the study results, the canteens which are units within industrial enterprises are socially oriented, demonstrate higher motivation in service quality, service schedule more corresponding to diet scheme of various shift workers, more variability of dishes, if compared to the canteens working on outsourcing agreements. The canteens working on outsourcing agreements are interested more in profits — that causes more disturbances, lower food quality and discontentment from the workers. Control over the menu formation on the enterprises is poor. Complex meals for therapeutic prophylactic diet, formed without consideration of nutritive value, appeared to have low protein and high fat contents.
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Greaves, Peter. "Impact of diet on health and longevity in London 1850–1880." JRSM Open 11, no. 9 (September 2020): 205427042096953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270420969533.
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This study examines the impact of diet on health in different districts of mid-19th century London. Surveys of London diets and living condition were compared with mortality data between 1851 and 1880. Despite an abundance of fresh foods reaching London, the very poor labouring population living in the inner boroughs between 1850 and 1861 had great difficulty obtaining sufficient nourishment because of its cost. This population showed high death rates from infectious diseases, notably pulmonary tuberculosis, which was endemic and is typically associated with poor nutrition. This high death rate was exacerbated by more deaths from gastrointestinal infections associated with a polluted water supply from the river Thames. By contrast, the poor in the outer suburbs enjoyed both more nutritious diets and cleaner water which was associated with lower death rates comparable to those in rural Britain. Outer suburbs retained a relatively rural life-style associated with cleaner water and an abundance of locally grown food. In the following two decades, there was a significant reduction in the death rates from gastrointestinal infections in the inner boroughs which correlated with the major improvements in London’s water supply. The decline in death rates from tuberculosis and other infectious disease was inconsistent and increased in some boroughs, suggesting patchy economic improvement and a persisting limited ability of many of London’s poor to afford a nutritious diet.
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Mieziene, Brigita, Arunas Emeljanovas, Natalja Fatkulina, and Rimantas Stukas. "Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072025.
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A poor diet leads to serious health risks and accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Young adults are the population whose health behaviors particularly need to be studied in terms of nutrition because they are in a period of life when the effects of nutrition accumulate to health outcomes that usually appear later in life in forms of disease or infirmity. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary pattern and its relationships with physical activity and covariates, such as body mass index, gender, age and education among Lithuanian young adults of 18–36 years old. A cross-sectional study was performed among Lithuanian young people aged 18–36 years. Snowball sampling—a non-probability, convenient sampling strategy—was used. In total, data were collected from 3031 study participants: 1723 (56.8%) were male and 1308 (43.2%) were female. The mean age was 23.72 ± 4.80 years. Adherence to a dietary pattern was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Physical activity, height, weight and education data were also gathered. About 7% of young people fully complied with the health-related Mediterranean diet, and one-third had poor compliance. Non-compliance is mostly related to the underconsumption of olive oil, nuts, fish, seafood, legumes and wine, as well as the overconsumption of red meat. The female gender (β = 0.26; p < 0.01), higher education (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and a sufficient level of physical activity (β = 0.15; p < 0.01) predict a healthier diet. These study results should be considered by nutrition policymakers and public health authorities to improve policies and develop intervention plans for improving the nutrition habits of young adults in order to prevent health-damaging outcomes later in their life.
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Viktorova, I. A., V. L. Stasenko, N. G. Shirlina, G. A. Muromtseva, and M. A. Livzan. "Eating habits among the Omsk Oblast population and poor nutrition in association with cardiovascular diseases according to the ESSE-RF2 study." Russian Journal of Cardiology 26, no. 5 (June 11, 2021): 4383. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4383.
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Aim. To assess the prevalence of eating habits among the Omsk Oblast population and their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) according to the ESSERF2 study.Material and methods. In the ESSE-RF2 study with persons aged 25-64 years (random sample, n=1648), the dietary habits of 21 food groups were assessed using the questionnaire method. Results. Insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits was revealed in 60,0% and 68,7% of the region’s population, which is 1,5-2,2 times higher than amongRussians. The daily intake of cereals is 2,3 times higher than that of pasta, especially in those with CVDs. In the region, poultry is preferred. Poultry at least once a week is consumed by 91,7% of Omsk residents, red meat — 74,8%, and fish — only 35,2% (vs 84,7%, 83,1% and 65,1% in Russians, respectively). The daily intake of liquid dairy products is low. Cheese and cottage cheese is consumed significantly lower than the national average, while legumes — 4 times lower. The presence of confectionery in the daily diet of 40,3% of Omsk residents looks more favorable than the average among Russians. In addition, 50% of the population eat pickles only 1-2 times a month (significantly less than in Russia). On the contrary, 60,9% of Omsk residents regularly (daily-weekly) consume meat and sausages (56,0% in Russia, p=0,000). Omsk residents with CVDs refrain from excessive consumption of sugar, other sweets, meat and sausages, pickles and marinades. They are almost 2 times more likely to exclude red meat from the diet or reduce its daily consumption than people without CVDs. Salting of cooked food, consumption of vegetables and fruits, fish, seafood and dairy products practically did not depend on CVDs.Conclusion. The food habits of Omsk residents differs from the national one in many products. People with CVDs have unfavorable eating habits: reduced consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, fish, seafood, legumes and nuts. Patients do not change their diet in favor of cardioprotective products and decrease in adding more salt. Although, they more often refuse meat and sausages, pickles, marinades, sweets, and pasta, and increase the consumption of cereals.
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Solway, Erica, Dianne Singer, Preeti Malani, Jeffrey Kullgren, Matthias Kirch, Cindy Leung, and Julia Wolfson. "How Loneliness, Depressed Mood, and Diet Affect Eating Habits and Grocery Shopping." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.079.
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Abstract This study examined the prevalence of loneliness and relationship with cooking and eating habits among older adults using data collected in December 2019 from a nationally representative sample age 50-80 through the National Poll on Healthy Aging. Older adults who live alone were more likely those who lived with others (19% vs. 8%) and those with a high PHQ-2 score were more like than those with a low PHQ-2 score (20% vs. 11%) to report that they do not cook dinner most days (0-2 times/week). Those who rated their diet as fair/poor were more likely to indicate they cook few meals a week (0-2) compared to those who reported a good or very good/excellent diet (18% vs. 11 % vs 8%). Those with a high PHQ-2 score were less likely than those with a low PHQ-2 score to say they do major food shopping less than once a week (31% vs 47%). Those with a high PHQ-2 score were more likely to say that that always ate alone in the last week compared to those with a low PHQ-2 score (17% vs 7%). These findings demonstrate that older adults who lived alone, had a higher PHQ-2 score, and had a poorer diet were more likely to cook and do grocery shopping less often. Strategies and policies to support older adults to address depressive symptoms and to increase cooking and improve diet may have many health and social benefits and will be explored through this session.
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Greaves, Peter. "Regional differences in the mid-Victorian diet and their impact on health." JRSM Open 9, no. 3 (March 2018): 205427041775186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270417751866.
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Summary The aim of this study was to examine the impact of regional diets on the health of the poor in mid-Victorian Britain. Contemporary surveys of regional diets and living condition were reviewed. This information was compared with mortality data from Britain over the same period. Although there was an overall improvement in life expectancy during the latter part of the 19th century, there were large regional differences in lifestyle, diet and mortality rates. Dietary surveys showed that the poor labouring population in isolated rural areas of England, in the mainland and islands of Scotland and in the west of Ireland enjoyed the most nutritious diets. These regions also showed the lowest mortality rates in Britain. This was not simply the result of better sanitation and less mortality from food and waterborne infections but also fewer deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, which is typically associated with better nutrition. These more isolated regions where a peasant-style culture provided abundant locally produced cheap foodstuffs such as potatoes, vegetables, whole grains, and milk and fish, were in the process of disappearing in the face of increasing urbanisation. This was to the detriment of many rural poor during the latter half of the century. Conversely, increasing urbanisation, with its improved transport links, brought greater availability and diversity of foods to many others. It was this that that led to an improved nutrition and life expectancy for the majority in urbanising Britain, despite the detrimental effects of increasing food refinement.
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Elío, Iñaki, Sandra Jarrín, María Eléxpuru, Jorge Crespo, Irma Domínguez, Killian Tutusaus, Roberto Ruíz, Rubén Calderón, and Sandra Sumalla. "Adherence to the pyramid of the Mediterranean diet (2010), non-communicable diseases and lifestyle in online postgraduate Spanish students in the food area." Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 14, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mnm-200521.
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BACKGROUND: In Spain, there are several studies published on the relationship between eating habits and lifestyle among university students; but only a few of them are focused on online postgraduate students. OBJECTIVE: Herein we aimed to evaluate the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet pyramid (2010 edition), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and lifestyle in online postgraduate students aged 20–65 years belonging to the food area of the Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana (FUNIBER). METHODS: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study including 100 online post-graduate students aged 20–65 years who were recruited by an accidental non-probabilistic sampling method consisting of a questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, NCDs, lifestyle, and a 3-day food intake record (3-d). RESULTS: The profile of the students was 74% women, with a mean age of 36.6 (±10.5) years and body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 kg / m2 (±3.3). 71% of the volunteers presented normal weight, while 20% were overweight. Indeed, only a low percentage of the volunteers presented hypertension (1%), cardiovascular disease (0%), diabetes mellitus 1 (2%), diabetes mellitus 2 (3%), hypercholesterolemia (9%), and hyperuricemia (2%). Concerning lifestyle, (77%) of students were non-smokers, (78%) consumed beverages with caffeine, (51%) did not consume alcoholic beverages, and nearly all of them (84%) frequently (3 times /week) practiced physical activity. 68% of the recruited students exhibited adherence to “Medium diet quality diet (4–7)” followed by (26%) with a “Poor diet quality (<3)” and “Optimal diet quality” (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Spanish postgraduate students of the nutritional area, have good health and a healthy lifestyle but are moving away from the MD model, should be established campaigns for the improvement of eating habits of the postgraduate university population.
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Chuang, Shao-Yuan, Hsing-Yi Chang, Hsin-Ling Fang, Shu-Chen Lee, Yueh-Ying Hsu, Wen-Ting Yeh, Wen-Ling Liu, and Wen-Harn Pan. "The Healthy Taiwanese Eating Approach is inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective study on the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0251189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251189.
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Background Few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between foods/dietary pattern and mortality risk in the Asian population. We investigated the prospective association between foods/dietary pattern and risk of death among ethnic Chinese adults in Taiwan. Methods The study population included 2475 young and middle-aged adults (aged 18–65 years at baseline) who completed the questionnaires and physical examinations in the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan from 1993 to 1996. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess food consumption habits in a face-to-face interview. With survey data linked to the Taiwanese Death Registry, Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the foods associated with all-cause mortality(followed until 2012), which were then tallied to calculate a dietary pattern score called Taiwanese Eating Approach(TEA) score. The TEA scores were then associated with various kinds of mortality outcomes. In addition, data from 431 elders (aged≥65 yrs) with 288 death endpoints were used to conduct a sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 385(15.6%) participants died (111 cardiovascular related deaths and 122 cancer related deaths) during the 17.8-year follow-up period(41274 person-years). Twelve foods (9 inverse [vegetables/fish/milk/tea](+1) and 3 positive[fatty meats/fermented vegetables/sweet drinks](-1)) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk. All adults were grouped by their cumulative food score into three diet groups: poor diet(29.3% of all subjects), average diet(44.0%), and healthy diet(26.70%). The better the diet, the lower the total, cardiovascular, and other cause mortality outcomes (trend-p < .001). The hazard ratio for the healthy diet was 0.64 (95% confidence interval:0.47–0.87) for total mortality, and 0.52(0.28–0.95) for cardiovascular death, compared with the poor diet in the multivariable models. This phenomenon was also seen in older adults for all-cause, cancer, and other cause mortalities. Conclusion Consuming a healthy Taiwanese Eating Approach (TEA) diet is negatively associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and other-cause mortalities in Taiwan.
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Haase, K., A. Orio, J. Pawlak, M. Pachur, and M. Casini. "Diet of dominant demersal fish species in the Baltic Sea: Is flounder stealing benthic food from cod?" Marine Ecology Progress Series 645 (July 9, 2020): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13360.
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Knowledge about ecological interactions between species is of paramount importance in ecology and ecosystem-based fisheries management. To understand species interactions, studies of feeding habits are required. In the Baltic Sea, there is good knowledge of the diet of cod, but little is known about the diet of flounder, the second most abundant demersal fish in the region. In this study, we investigated the diets of cod and flounder for the first time using stomach content data collected simultaneously in 2015-2017 over a large offshore area of the southern Baltic Sea. The diet of flounder was relatively constant between sizes and seasons and was dominated by benthos, with a high proportion in weight of the benthic isopod Saduria entomon. The diet of cod differed between seasons and showed an ontogenetic shift with a relative decrease of benthic prey and an increase of fish prey with size. Historic diet data of cod were used to explore cod diet changes over time, revealing a shift from a specialized to generalist feeding mode paralleled by a large relative decline in benthic prey, especially S. entomon. Flounder populations have increased in the past 2 decades in the study area, and therefore we hypothesized that flounder have deprived cod of important benthic resources through competition. This competition could be exacerbated by the low benthic prey productivity due to increased hypoxia, which could contribute to explaining the current poor status of the Eastern Baltic cod. The results of this study point to the importance of including flounder in multispecies end ecosystem models.