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Journal articles on the topic 'Diffuse Ferroelectric Transition'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Peláiz, Barranco Aimé, Zaldívar Osmany García, Piñar Francisco Calderón, Noda René López, and Betancourt Juan Emilio Fuentes. "A multi-Debye relaxation model for relaxor ferroelectrics showing diffuse phase transition." Physica Status Solidi b 242, no. 9 (2005): 1864–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14685646.

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The relaxor ferroelectrics showing diffuse phase transition (DPT) are promising materials for multilayer ceramic capacitors because of their high dielectric permittivity in the vicinity of the so called DPT. This physical parameter is also important in the fine piezoelectric, pyroelectric and electro optic performance of relaxor ferroelectrics. The dielectric behavior of these materials shows that the ferroelectric– paraelectric transition is diffuse. Also, there is a frequency dispersion of the real and imaginary parts ofthe dielectric permittivity and a deviation from the Curie–Weiss law. Many models have been developed to explain this phenomenon, but the exact mechanism associated to this dielectric behavior has not been established yet. This paper presents an analysis of the dielectric behavior in PLZT ferroelectric ceramics by using a new multi-Debye relaxation model, which does not make assumptions that involve the microstructure or possible correlation mechanisms

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2

Zhang, J. P., and J. S. Speck. "Identification of the polarized microregions in PLZT." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170517.

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Relaxor ferroe lee tries are classified by broad or diffuse transitions from their high temperature paraelectric (non-polar phase) to their low temperature ferroelectric phase. This is in contrast to conventional ferroelectrics such as PbTiO3 that show discrete ferroelectric transitions characterized by Curie-Weiss behavior in the dielectric susceptibility near the Curie transition temperature Tc. For relaxor ferroelectrics, the transition has a breadth on the order of 100°C The polarized domains normally show complex nanoscale mottled contrast in either bright field or dark field, two-beam or systematic row scattering contrast images; as an example, this contrast is shown in Fig. 1. The nanoscale contrast appears to be intimately associated with the relaxor phase; however, the physical origins of the contrast remain unclear. It is known that in classical treatments of ferroelectrics, the polarization and strain are the primary order parameters for the paralelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. For classical first order ferroelectric transitions, such as in PbTiO3 or BaTiO3, there is a concurrently spontaneous polarization and strain. However, these order parameters need not be directly coupled, and it may be possible that through the relaxor transition, strain and polarization are uncoupled. In this experimental effort we will demonstrate techniques that separate strain contrast from structure factor contrast, the latter being associated with polarization or compositional fluctuations.

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3

Das, Piyush R., R. Padhee, B. N. Parida, and R. N. P. Choudhary. "Diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in Li2Pb2Dy2W2Ti4V4O30." Phase Transitions 86, no. 12 (2013): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411594.2013.780207.

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4

Kallaev S. N., Bakmaev A. G., and Omarov Z. M. "Thermophysical properties and phase transitions of ferroelectric PbFe-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- at high temperatures." Physics of the Solid State 65, no. 3 (2023): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2023.03.55596.562.

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The thermophysical properties of the ferroelectric PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 in the temperature range 300-800 K are studied. Anomalies in the heat capacity and thermal diffusion are found in the region of the diffuse ferroelectric transition Tc~380 K, the Burns temperature Td~670 K, and the intermediate temperature T^*~470 K. The dominant phonon heat transfer mechanisms in a ferroelectric with a nanopolar structure. Keywords: heat capacity, thermal diffusion, thermal conductivity, ferroelectric, phase transitions, relaxor.

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5

Moreira, R. L., and B. V. Costa. "PvP150. Diffuse phase transition in ferroelectric polymers." Ferroelectrics 134, no. 1 (1992): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199208015596.

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6

Das, Piyush R., R. N. P. Choudhary, and B. K. Samantray. "Diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in Na2Pb2Nd2W2Ti4Nb4O30 ceramic." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 448, no. 1-2 (2008): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.10.090.

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7

Rout, S. K., P. K. Barhai, and E. Sinha. "Diffuse phase transition of BaTi0.6Zr0.4O3relaxor ferroelectric ceramics." Phase Transitions 81, no. 1 (2008): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411590701673346.

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8

Panigrahi, A., N. K. Singh, and R. N. P. Choudhary. "Diffuse phase transition in Ba5NdTi3−xZrxNb7O30 ferroelectric ceramics." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 63, no. 2 (2002): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3697(01)00132-9.

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9

Das, Piyush R., R. N. P. Choudhary, and B. K. Samantray. "Diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in Na2Pb2Sm2W2Ti4 Nb4O30 ceramics." Materials Chemistry and Physics 101, no. 1 (2007): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2006.04.005.

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10

Ivanov, Oleg, Elena Danshina, Yulia Tuchina, and Viacheslav Sirota. "Diffuse Phase Transition and Ferroelectric Properties of Ceramic Solid Solutions in New SrTiO₃-BiScO₃ System." Advances in Science and Technology 67 (October 2010): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.67.59.

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Ceramic solid solutions of (1-x)SrTiO3-(x)BiScO3 system with x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 have been for the first time synthesized via solid-state processing techniques. Both of end compounds in this system are not ferroelectric materials. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that at room temperature the samples under study at x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 consist of mixture of center-symmetric cubic Pm3m phase and polar tetragonal P4mm phase. Anomalous behaviour of dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses for these samples is found to be specific one for ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transitions. Furthermore, examination of the polarization hysteresis behavior revealed weakly nonlinear hysteresis loops in the ferroelectric phase.

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11

Каллаев, С. Н., А. Г. Бакмаев та З. М. Омаров. "Теплофизические свойства и фазовые переходы сегнетоэлектрика PbFe-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- в области высоких температур". Физика твердого тела 65, № 3 (2023): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2023.03.54754.562.

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The thermophysical properties of the ferroelectric PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 in the temperature range 300–800 K are studied. Anomalies in the heat capacity and thermal diffusion are found in the region of the diffuse ferroelectric transition Tc~380 K, the Burns temperature Td~670 K, and the intermediate temperature T^*~470 K. The dominant phonon heat transfer mechanisms in a ferroelectric with a nanopolar structure.

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12

Kumar, Arvind, R. K. Dwivedi, S. Baboo, and Om Parkash. "Low Temperature Dielectric Relaxation in Ba1−xBixTi1−xFexO3 System." Journal of Materials 2013 (February 12, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/857201.

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We report on dielectric properties of polycrystalline Ba1−xBixTi1−xFexO3 (BBTF) ceramic system (x=0.02, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, and 0.16). The materials were synthesized by solid state ceramic route. Solid solution formation has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction for compositions with x≤0.16. Crystal structure is tetragonal for x≤0.08 and cubic for x≥0.10. Microstructures show that the average grain size is less than one micrometer (1 μ). Dielectric behavior has been studied as a function of temperature (100 K–400 K) and frequency. Composition with x=0.02 exhibits diffuse phase transition. Compositions with x≥0.10 show ferroelectric relaxor behavior. This shows that diffuse ferroelectric transition behavior changes to relaxor type ferroelectric transition with increasing x. Plots of dielectric loss (D) versus temperature shows broad maxima which shift to high temperature with increasing frequency, dispersion in dielectric loss decreases with x below peak maxima and increases above. It may be attributed to Maxwell Wagner type relaxation process for low x (~0.02) and relaxation of nanopolar regions for x=0.16.

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13

Zhu, X. L., X. M. Chen, X. Q. Liu, and Y. Yuan. "Dielectric characteristics and diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in Sr4La2Ti4Nb6O30 tungsten bronze ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 7 (2006): 1787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0201.

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In this work, Sr4La2Ti4Nb6O30 ceramics with tetragonal filled tungsten bronze structure were prepared, and the dielectric characteristics and ferroelectric transition were investigated. The room-temperature dielectric constant of the present ceramics showed very weak frequency dependency; it decreased from 570.4 to 561.7 when the frequency varied from 200 Hz to 1 MHz, and a comparatively low-dielectric loss was observed (in the order of 10−3). Unlike the situation for Ba4Ln2Ti4Nb6O30 (Ln = La, Nd and Sm), Sr4La2Ti4Nb6O30 ceramics showed a diffuse ferroelectric phase transition, and the diffuseness exponent γ was 1.61. Moreover, the obvious frequency dispersion was observed over a broad frequency range from 200 Hz to 1 MHz, and the maximum dielectric constant temperature Tmax shifted to higher temperatures with increasing frequency. The dielectric data agreed closely with the Vogel–Fulcher relationship. We concluded that tungsten bronze Sr4La2Ti4Nb6O30 has the relaxor ferroelectric nature.

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14

Park, K., L. Salamanca-Riba, M. Wuttig, and D. Viehland. "HRTEM studies of ordering in lead magnesium niobate ceramics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129590.

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Lead-based ferroelectric compounds with a cubic perovskite structure exhibit a high dielectric constant, a relatively low firing temperature, and a diffuse ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. Smolenskii et al. proposed that the distribution of two kinds of cations on equivalent crystallographic positions causes a statistical compositional fluctuation forming microdomains with different Curie temperatures which contribute to a broad phase transition through a wide temperature range. Therefore, the diffuse phase transition is largely influenced by the degree in which the cations are ordered on the B-site sublattice. The purpose of the present work is to study the ordered structure of Pb(Mg⅓Nb⅔)O3 ceramics by means of selected area diffraction (SAD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). To get detailed information on the ordered structure, computer image simulations were also performed using a multislice method.

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15

Soo Kim, Jin, and Jung-Nam Kim. "Diffuse Phase Transition in Potassium Lithium Niobate Ferroelectric Crystals." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 69, no. 6 (2000): 1880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.69.1880.

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16

Ivanov, O. N., E. P. Dan’shina, V. V. Sirota, and Yu S. Tuchina. "Diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in SrTiO3-BiScO3 system ceramics." Technical Physics Letters 36, no. 11 (2010): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378501011012x.

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17

Lemanov, V. V., A. B. Sherman, G. O. Andrianov, and I. A. Ergashev. "Is there a ferroelectric diffuse phase transition in YBa2Cu3Ox?" Ferroelectrics Letters Section 12, no. 1 (1990): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315179008200840.

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18

Isupov, V. A., and E. P. Smirnova. "Electrostriction in various ferroelectric ceramics with diffuse phase transition." Ferroelectrics 90, no. 1 (1989): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908211282.

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19

Das, Piyush R., R. N. P. Choudhary, and B. K. Samantray. "Diffuse phase transition in (R= Gd, Eu) ferroelectric ceramics." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 68, no. 4 (2007): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.01.015.

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20

Yushin, N. K., E. A. Tarakanov, and E. P. Smirnova. "Acoustical properties of ferroelectric ceramics with diffuse phase transition." Ferroelectrics 158, no. 1 (1994): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199408216053.

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21

Peláiz Barranco, A., F. Calderón Piñar, and O. Pérez Martínez. "Normal-Diffuse Transition in (Pb,La)Zr0.53Ti0.47 Ferroelectric Ceramics." physica status solidi (b) 220, no. 1 (2000): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200007)220:1<591::aid-pssb591>3.0.co;2-h.

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22

Egami, T., H. D. Rosenfeld, and S. Teslic. "Local atomic structure of relaxor ferroelectric solids studied by pulsed neutron scattering." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170505.

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Relaxor ferroelectrics, such as Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) or (Pb·88La ·12)(Zr·65Ti·35)O3 (PLZT), show diffuse ferroelectric transition which depends upon frequency of the a.c. field. In spite of their wide use in various applications details of their atomic structure and the mechanism of relaxor ferroelectric transition are not sufficiently understood. While their crystallographic structure is cubic perovskite, ABO3, their thermal factors (apparent amplitude of thermal vibration) is quite large, suggesting local displacive disorder due to heterovalent ion mixing. Electron microscopy suggests nano-scale structural as well as chemical inhomogeneity.We have studied the atomic structure of these solids by pulsed neutron scattering using the atomic pair-distribution analysis. The measurements were made at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) of Argonne National Laboratory. Pulsed neutrons are produced by a pulsed proton beam accelerated to 750 MeV hitting a uranium target at a rate of 30 Hz. Even after moderation by a liquid methane moderator high flux of epithermal neutrons with energies ranging up to few eV’s remain.

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23

Wang, Li Ming, Xiang Yun Deng, Hai Tao Zhang, et al. "Effect of Grain Size on Phase Transitions and Dielectric Properties of Nano-Crystalline Barium Titanate Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.192.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics with grain size varied from 1000 to 8 nm were prepared by two step sintering method (TSS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), respectively. Mixture structures of BaTiO3 ceramics were proved by in-situ temperature high resolution x-ray diffraction. Multiple ferroelectric domains present in nano-crystalline BaTiO3 ceramics were observed by transmission electron microscope. The evolution of phase transitions supported the existence of intrinsic mechanism. Dielectric loss of fine grain size BaTiO3 was higher than coarse grain size during Curie phase transition due to diffuse phase transition and grain boundary effects.

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24

He, Qiuwei, Siegbert Schmid, Xue Chen, et al. "Structure and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of the novel tungsten bronze type ceramic Sr₅BiTi₃Nb₇O₃₀." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 16 (2022): 164102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084417.

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This paper reports a novel lead-free tungsten bronze type ceramic, Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30, prepared by a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction route. The crystal structure identified using synchrotron x-ray diffraction data and Raman spectroscopy for Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 could be described as an average structure with the centrosymmetric space group P4/mbm and a local non-centrosymmetric structure at room temperature. In the second-harmonic generation measurement, the Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 compound exhibits second-order nonlinear optical behavior, which suggests the material is ferroelectric. Temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity indicates that the dielectric anomaly in Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30, associated with the disorder on the A and B sites, results in strong frequency dispersion with a low phase-transition temperature. A macroscopic and phenomenological statistical model was employed to describe the temperature dependence of the dielectric responses of Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 and Sr6Ti2Nb8O30. The calculated sizes of polar nanoregions for both compounds imply structural disorder induced by A and B sites, giving rise to a more diffuse ferroelectric transition for Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30. The smaller polar nanoregions with smaller electrical dipole moments can be activated at lower temperatures, leading to Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 having a lower Tm (∼260 K) than other tungsten bronze type ferroelectrics. This work charts a promising feasible route to the development of improved relaxor ferroelectrics in tungsten bronze type oxides.

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25

Chattopadhyay, Soma, A. R. Teren, Jin-Ha Hwang, T. O. Mason, and B. W. Wessels. "Diffuse Phase Transition in Epitaxial BaTiO3 Thin Films." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 3 (2002): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0095.

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The thickness dependence of the dielectric properties of epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films was investigated for thicknesses ranging from 15 to 320 nm. The films were deposited by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (100) MgO substrates. The relative dielectric permittivity and the loss tangent values decreased with decreasing thickness. High-temperature dielectric measurements showed that with decreasing film thickness, the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition temperature decreased, the relative dielectric permittivity decreased, and the phase transition was diffuse. The c/a ratio also decreased with decreasing film thickness. The observed behavior for epitaxial films of BaTiO3 was attributed to the presence of strain in the films.

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26

Odajima, Akira, Yoshihiko Takase, Teruo Ishibashi, and Kimihiro Yuasa. "Diffuse Phase Transition in Ferroelectric Polymers and Its Irradiation Effect." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 24, S2 (1985): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.24s2.881.

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27

Isupov, V. A., I. P. Pronin, and V. I. Sizykh. "Investigation of the diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in leadmagnesium niobate." Ferroelectrics 90, no. 1 (1989): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908211283.

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28

Roth, P., and E. Gmelin. "New memory effect in a ferroelectric with diffuse phase transition." Ferroelectrics 126, no. 1 (1992): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199208227063.

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29

Isupov, V. A. "Phenomena at transformation from sharp to diffuse ferroelectric phase transition." Ferroelectrics 143, no. 1 (1993): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199308008319.

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30

Paściak, Marek, and Jirka Hlinka. "Diffuse scattering and local polar correlations in ferroelectric materials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314093772.

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Modern ferroelectric materials (e.g. PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 - PbTiO3) are often based on ternary and quaternary oxides where disorder constitutes a groundwork for exceptional electromechanical properties. While the basic role of the inhomogeneity (strain and/or local electric field generated by occupational disorder locks and enhances the 'transition state' and thus electromechanical coupling) is widely accepted, precise description of mechanisms governing polar correlations is still lacking. In particular, indicating the role of ferroelectric soft phonon modes, their 'interaction' with inhomogeneous medium and relation to (quasi) static polar state at low temperatures constitutes an intriguing and fundamental problem [1,2]. Diffuse scattering analysis providing information about atomic to mesoscale correlations is a method of choice for studying of these phenomena; the fact that has been proven by an abundance of X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction results for ferroelectric materials in the recent years. At the same time, interpretation has been very often ambiguous, calling for better understanding of how the experimental data should be approached. We address some principal questions related to the diffuse scattering analysis of ferroelectric and related compounds. Can we gain some insight into the local structure treating data 'ab-initio', without assuming any model of polar correlations [3]? Can we separate static and dynamic contributions to the diffuse scattering (e.g. by calculating theoretical phonon-related thermal diffuse scattering)? The study is carried out using atomistic computational methods including reverse Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics and density functional theory based calculations.

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31

Zulhadjri, Zulhadjri, Tommy Hermansyah, and Upita Septiani. "Efek Pendoping Nd3+ Pada Senyawa BaBi2-xNdxNb2O9 Terhadap Struktur, Sifat Dielektrik Dan Optik." Jurnal Riset Kimia 15, no. 2 (2024): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v15i2.690.

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The Aurivillius compound with formula BaBi2-xNdxNb2O9 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4) has been successfully synthesized using the molten salt method, showing potential as a ferroelectric material. The impact of Nd3+ substitution on the structure, morphology, dielectric, and optical properties has been systematically analyzed. XRD data refinement confirms that BaBi2-xNdxNb2O9 (BBNN) exhibits an orthorhombic structure with an A21am space group. Anisotropic plate-like grains were observed across all samples, decreasing their size as Nd3+ content increases. The ferroelectric transition temperature (Tc) decreases due to structural distortion caused by the reduction of the lone pair 6s2 electron effect of Bi3+ when substituted with Nd3+. Moreover, this structural distortion also contributes to an increase in bandgap energy (Eg). The diffuse ferroelectric phase transition is characterized by a broadened Tc peak induced by Nd3+ substitution due to increased cationic disruption in the bismuth layers. The ferroelectric phase with a lower and broader Tc suggests that the x = 0.4 sample has the potential for electrocaloric applications.

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32

Ouedraogo, A., K. Palm, and G. Chanussot. "Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Cu-doped BaTiO3 Crystals." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (2009): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1876.

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The paper examines the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in Cu:BaTiO3 single crystals. Using thermo-currents and dielectric measurements, we found for pure samples the phase transition temperature to be close to Curie temperature (Tc=120°C) with an anisotropy of the dielectric constantε.The lowering of temperature Tm, corresponding to the maximum of pyroelectric signal, with the increase of concentration of impurities is confirmed by measurements of ε. Moreover, the e(T) curves show progressive broadening as well as higher peak with the increase of impurity concentration, and the transition becomes more and more diffuse. The same effect occurs when the samples are subjected to a laser irradiation (λ=5145Çº). During annealing, crystals lose copper and Tm is thereafter observed to increase again. BaTiO3 is a displacive ferroelectric (having high permittivity k-values) which undergoes a first order phase transition. Ions substitutions have an effect on the lattice dynamics attributed to charge transfer to Ti and a lowering of elastic forces in BaTiO3. Kewwords: Ferroelectric transition; BaTiO3 single crystals; Thermo-currents; Dielectric constant. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1876

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33

Jebli, Marwa, M. A. Albedah, J. Dhahri, M. Ben Henda, Mohamed Lamjed Bouazizi, and Hafedh Belmabrouk. "Diffuse Phase Transition and Dielectric Tunability of Ba0.97La0.02TiO3 Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramic." Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 32, no. 4 (2022): 1334–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02189-6.

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34

Kleemann, W., F. J. Schäfer, and D. Rytz. "Diffuse Ferroelectric Phase Transition and Long-Range Order of DiluteKTa1−xNbxO3." Physical Review Letters 54, no. 18 (1985): 2038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.2038.

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35

Choukri, E., Y. Gagou, D. Mezzane, et al. "Dielectric and structural properties of diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in Pb1.85K1.15Li0.15Nb5O15ceramic." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 53, no. 2 (2011): 20901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2010100073.

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36

Tiwari, V. S., N. Singh, and D. Pandey. "Diffuse ferroelectric transition and relaxational dipolar freezing in (Ba,Sr)TiO3." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 7, no. 7 (1995): 1441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/7/7/024.

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37

Santos, Ivair A., Ducinei Garcia, José A. Eiras, and Vera L. Arantes. "Features of diffuse phase transition in lead barium niobate ferroelectric ceramics." Journal of Applied Physics 93, no. 3 (2003): 1701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1530366.

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38

Han, Bing, Zhengqian Fu, Guoxiang Zhao, Xuefeng Chen, Genshui Wang, and Fangfang Xu. "Sharp/diffuse antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition regulated by atomic displacement ordering." Scripta Materialia 241 (March 2024): 115888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115888.

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39

Silva, A. C., Y. Mendez-González, E. C. Lima, and J. D. S. Guerra. "Defects minimisation promoted by lead-volatility in (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O₃ ferroelectric ceramics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2298, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2298/1/012005.

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Abstract La-modified PbZrTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics with Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.686Ti0.294)O3 nominal composition were obtained via the conventional solid-state reaction method, by considering different PbO excess (5, 10 and 15 mol %). The structural properties, were investigated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy techniques, both at room temperature. Results confirmed the formation of the perovskite structure with rhombohedral symmetry (R3m space-group) for all the samples. The dielectric properties were also investigated, from the temperature dependence of the dielectric response, and results revealed the characteristic response of ferroelectric materials for all the compositions. The obtained very broad peak in the maximum dielectric permittivity, around Tm (~107°C), suggests the diffuse character of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition.

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40

Cheng, Xiao Fang, Xin Gui Tang, Shao Gong Ju, Yan Ping Jiang, and Qiu Xiang Liu. "Dielectric Properties and Diffuse Phase Transition of Sol-Gel Derived 0.94(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃-0.06BaTiO₃ Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1481.

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The 0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3 (abbreviated to BNT-BT) powder and ceramic was synthesized by sol-gel process. The phase structure and dielectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. The ceramic was sintering at 1000-1100 degree C for 2-4 h in air atmosphere, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the samples was pure perovskite-type phase. The Curite temperature of BNT-BT ceramics was high up to 348 degree C. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and loss revealed there were two phase transitions, which were from ferroelectric (tetragonal) to anti-ferroelectric (rhombohedral) and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric (cubic) in BNT-BT ceramics. Diffuse phase transitions were observed in BNT and BNT-BT ceramics and the Curie-Weiss Exponent (CWE) were nearly 2.

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41

Singh, Satendra Pal, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Dhananjai Pandey, H. Sharma, and Om Parkash. "Crystallographic phases, phase transitions, and barrier layer formation in (1 − x) [Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3]−xPbTiO3." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 11 (2003): 2677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0374.

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Powders of (1 − x) Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPbTiO3 (PFN-PT) with x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.13, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. Structure of PFN-PT was tetragonal for x [H33356] 0.10, which indicates that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) may be between 0 < x < 0.10. The nature of phase transition in PFN-PT changed from diffuse ferroelectric to relaxor ferroelectric to normal ferroelectric on increasing the PT content. The effect of the PT content and sintering temperature on barrier layer formation in the PFN-PT system was studied using complex impedance spectroscopy. With increasing PT content, the possibility of the barrier layer formation decreased while with increasing sintering temperature, the barrier layer formation was promoted.

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42

Puli, Venkata Sreenivas, Dhiren K. Pradhan, Brian C. Riggs, Shiva Adireddy, Ram S. Katiyar, and Douglas B. Chrisey. "Synthesis and characterization of lead-free ternary component BST–BCT–BZT ceramic capacitors." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 04, no. 02 (2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x14500143.

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Polycrystalline sample of lead-free 1/3( Ba 0.70 Sr 0.30 TiO 3) + 1/3( Ba 0.70 Ca 0.30 TiO 3) + 1/3( BaZr 0.20 Ti 0.80 O 3)( BST - BCT - BZT ) ceramic was synthesized by solid state reaction method. Phase purity and crystal structure of as-synthesized materials was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity studies demonstrated frequency-independent behavior, indicating that the studied sample has typical diffuse phase transition behavior with partial thermal hysteresis. A ferroelectric phase transition between cubic and tetragonal phase was noticed near room temperature (~ 330 K). Bulk P–E hysteresis loop showed a saturation polarization of 20.4 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of ~ 12.78 kV/cm at a maximum electric field of ~ 115 kV/cm. High dielectric constant (ε ~ 5773), low dielectric loss (tan δ ~ 0.03) were recorded at room temperature. Discharge energy density of 0.44 J/cm3 and charge energy density of 1.40 J/cm3 were calculated from nonlinear ferroelectric hysteresis loop at maximum electric field. Dielectric constant at variable temperatures and electric fields, ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition and energy storage properties were thoroughly discussed.

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Geske, Ludwig, Horst Beige, Hans-Peter Abicht, and Volkmar Mueller. "Electromechanical Resonance Study of the Diffuse Ferroelectric Phase Transition in BaTi1−xSnxO3Ceramics." Ferroelectrics 314, no. 1 (2005): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190590926210.

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44

Flerova, S. A., N. N. Krainik, and A. Yu Kudzin. "Electroluminescence in crystal of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3at the ferroelectric diffuse phase transition." Ferroelectrics 90, no. 1 (1989): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908211281.

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45

Rao, K. Sambasiva, B. Tilak, K. Ch Varada Rajulu, A. Swathi, and Haileeyesus Workineh. "A diffuse phase transition study on Ba2+ substituted (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ferroelectric ceramic." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 25 (2011): 7121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.04.021.

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46

Raddaoui, Z., S. El Kossi, J. Dhahri, N. Abdelmoula, and K. Taibi. "Study of diffuse phase transition and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of Ba0.97Bi0.02Ti0.9Zr0.05Nb0.04O3 ceramic." RSC Advances 9, no. 5 (2019): 2412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08910h.

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In the present work, structural property of polycrystalline sample Ba<sub>0.97</sub>Bi<sub>0.02</sub>Ti<sub>0.9</sub>Zr<sub>0.05</sub>Nb<sub>0.04</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BBTZN) prepared by a molten-salt method were investigated.

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47

Foster, M. C., G. R. Brown, R. M. Nielson, and S. C. Abrahams. "Ba6CoNb9O30 and Ba6FeNb9O30: Two New Tungsten-Bronze-Type Ferroelectrics. Centrosymmetry of Ba5.2K0.8U2.4Nb7.6O30 at 300 K." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 4 (1997): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188989700201x.

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Ba6CoNb9O30 and Ba6FeNb9O30 in space group P4bm are shown to satisfy the structural criteria for ferroelectricity. Ba6CoNb9O30 undergoes a diffuse phase transition at 660 (11) K, as observed calorimetrically, in addition to a dielectric permittivity anomaly with an onset temperature of 685 (10) K. The demonstration of dielectric hysteresis at room temperature under the application of a varied DC field reaching a maximum of ± 300 kV m−1, corresponding to a spontaneous polarization of 1.2 (5) × 10−2C m−2, provides unambiguous verification that it is a new ferroelectric. Ba6FeNb9O30 also undergoes a diffuse phase transition at 605 (16) K, with a dielectric anomaly at 583 (5) K, and exhibits dielectric hysteresis at room temperature under a varied DC field ranging to ± 310 kV m−1 corresponding to a spontaneous polarization of 2.2(5) × 10−2Cm−2; it too is demonstrably a new ferroelectric. Although Ba5.2K0.8U2.4Nb7.6O30 has also been reported in space group P4bm, all atomic displacements from the corresponding centrosymmetric positions are less than their refined root-mean-square thermal or static amplitudes. Such an arrangement is likely to be thermodynamically unstable. Either its space group has been incorrectly assigned, and reinvestigation will show the space group is P4/mbm, or the structural refinement is incomplete.

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48

Adamenko, D. I., and R. O. Vlokh. "Critical exponents of the order parameter of diffuse ferroelectric phase transitions in the solid solutions based on lead germanate: studies of optical rotation." Condensed Matter Physics 25, no. 4 (2022): 43703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.25.43703.

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In this work we show that the critical exponents of the order parameter (CEOPs) of diffuse ferroelectric phase transitions (DFEPTs) occurring in lead germanate-based crystals can be determined using experimental temperature dependences of their optical rotation. We also describe the approach that suggests dividing a crystal sample into many homogeneous unit cells, each of which is characterized by a non-diffuse phase transition with a specific local Curie temperature. Using this approach, the CEOPs have been determined for the pure Pb5Ge3O11 crystals, the solid solutions Pb5(Ge1-xSix)3O11 (x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40) and (Pb1-xBax)5Ge3O11 (x = 0.02, 0.05), and the doped crystals Pb5Ge3O11:Li3+ (0.005 wt.), Pb5Ge3O11:La3+ (0.02 wt.), Pb5Ge3O11:Eu3+ (0.021 wt.), Pb5Ge3O11:Li3+, Bi3+ (0.152 wt.) and Pb5Ge3O11:Cu2+ (0.14 wt.). Comparison of our approach with the other techniques used for determining the Curie temperatures and the CEOPs of DFEPTs testifies to its essential advantages.

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Guerra, J. D. S., E. B. Araújo, C. A. Guarany, and E. C. Lima. "Investigation on dielectric response of PMN ceramics around paraelectric–ferroelectric diffuse phase transition." Materials Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (2009): 1316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708309x12474766656263.

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50

Kallaev, S. N., Z. M. Omarov, R. G. Mitarov, and S. A. Sadykov. "Thermal physical properties of ferroelectric ceramics PKR-7M near the diffuse phase transition." Physics of the Solid State 53, no. 7 (2011): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378341107016x.

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