Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffusion (physique) – Modèles mathématiques'
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Logvinova, Kira. "Modèles mathématiques pour la diffusion en milieux poreux hétérogènes." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0501.
Full textMercet, Cédric. "Modélisation tridimentionnelle de l'évolution des transferts à l'échelle du pore." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12307.
Full textUrruty, Patrick. "Solutions fortes et solutions renormalisées pour des équations générales de la diffusion en milieu poreux." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3006.
Full textGouné, Mohamed. "Etude et caractérisation de la diffusion de l'azote à 843 K dans les systèmes binaires Fe-N et ternaires Fe-N-V et Fe-N-Mn : modélisation des phénomènes de diffusion-précipitation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL011N.
Full textGiorgi, Pierre-Antoine. "Analyse mathématique de modèles cinétiques en physique des plasmas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0609.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of some kinetic models encountered in plasma physics.The first model considered is a 1D Vlasov-Poisson system representing the dynamics of two species of particles (ions and electrons) in a bounded set, x ∈ (0,1), with direct reflection boundary conditions. In the linear case, generalized characteristics are defined, ensuring the time s=0 to be reached after a finite number of bounces, the problematic case being when the electric field points outward of the boundary. Then, for initial conditions even in the velocity variable, a global continuous solution is built by means of generalized characteristics and a fixed point argument. Local uniqueness of a continuous solution is shown, in a frame where two successive bounces at the same boundary cannot occur. The second model was obtained as the limit of a Vlasov-Poisson system in the finite Larmor radius regime.For solutions satisfying a decay assumption, a Wasserstein stability estimate is proven, and a new proof of the existence of such solutions is given. The advection field is then Lipschitz continuous. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the kinetic response of electrons to an external drive. A beating between two waves, one at the external frequency, the other at the Landau frequency, is revealed
Bourgade, Jean-Pierre. "Obtention de modèles de diffusion à partir d'équations cinétiques : modélisation, étude mathématique et simulation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008808.
Full textPainchaud-April, Guillaume. "Cavités diélectriques - Formalisme de diffusion et applications." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30497/30497.pdf.
Full textTwo-dimensional resonant dielectric microcavities present an important potential in various domains ranging from bio-detection to production of laser radiation. Their small footprint - typically tens of microns over their longest axis - conjugated to a strong capacity to retain the electromagnetic field - quality factors reaching values of 10^9 - make them excellent candidates for a large number of high-tech applications where tight energy management, high precision and low volumes are critical parameters. Moreover, the implantation of microcavities benefit from well-mastered micro-etching techniques. One of the the most challenging issues related to microcavities remains the merging of high quality factors, the fundamental characteristic of microcavities, and the capacity to produce highly directional radiation emission. This thematic forms the leitmotiv of this thesis. First, attention is focused on the development of a formalism framing the characterisation of dielectric cavities. An original method using the scattering matrix is presented for this purpose. Then, a perturbation study of the dielectric disc cavity is carried out. The results gathered from this investigation are used as guidelines for further applications. Second, the scattering formalism is applied to the simplest refractive index deformation of the disc cavity, the annular cavity. Some transition ‘rules’ from non-directional emission to directional emission are obtained. Also, a discussion about the waveguidecavity coupling is presented. This type of configuration is often found in experimental setups using microcavities. Finally, a proposal derived from results obtained throughout the thesis is presented. The operation principle exploits the coupling from a dielectric ring used as an electromagnetic field reservoir to a second strongly directional ‘parasitic’ cavity. This document is written in English to ease its distribution both for evaluation purposes and consultation by the Community.
Cois, Olivier. "Systèmes linéaires non entiers et identification par modèle non entier : application en thermique." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12534.
Full textThis thesis deals with system representation and identification by fractional models. Chapter 1 recalls the definitions and main properties of the fractional operators. Chapter 2 proposes the study of a continuous MIMO complex-fractional system through a generalized state space representation. A stability theorem is established from the output analytical expression. Chapter 3 deals with the modeling of diffusive processes using fractional differentiation operators. The heat transfer trough 6 different finite and semi-infinite media is studied. Approximations using integer or fractional transfer functions are then established and compared. Chapter 4 is devoted to system identification by fractional model. Equation error methods as well as output error methods are developed. Finally, chapter 5 gives an application of system identification to the solving of a thermal inverse problem. An example, consisting of the estimation of the thermal cut conditions, is given
Buet, Christophe. "Analyse mathématique et numérique dequelques modèles hydrodynamiques et cinétiques de la physique des plasmas." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011120.
Full texttion mathématique et la simulation numérique pour la physique des plasmas. Ce mémoire présente
mes contributions dans ce domaine.
Reynier, Alain. "Modelisation et prediction de la migration des additifs des emballages alimentaires." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS004.
Full textCassiaux, Magalie. "Pétrographie et pétrophysique des matrices granitique : relation entre porosité et propriétés de transport." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2335.
Full textDisposal in deep, stable bedrock is currently one concept for isolating high-level nuclear wastes from the environment. This work deals with the determination of two important parameters (porosity and diffusion) that control over the ability of granitoid matrices to retain the radionucleides if they escape from the repository into the bedrock. Different experimental methods (SEM, Autoradiography) and image analysis methods are performed to study porosity of unaltered and altered Charroux-Civray granitoid in relationship with the mineralogy from the decimeter scale to the infra-micrometer scale. Then, different transport experiments are performed (permeability, in- and out-diffusion) with unaltered sample in order the measure bulk parameters. Moreover, the out-diffusion experiment is modelled using a particle tracking method. Using autoradiograph and the mineral map, an inversion procedure is performed in order to adjust the numerical simulation to the experimental out-diffusion curve
Quintard, Hélène. "Symétries d'équations aux dérivées partielles, calcul stochastique, applications à la physique mathématique et à la finance." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES022.
Full textStochastic differential equations are a powerfull tool of mathematics. Applications range from finance or physics to biology. Those models can be very efficient to modelise numerous phenomenons where uncertainties are involved. In order to have a better understanding of those stochastic differential equations, this work studies the solutions of a subclass, called Bernstein (or Schrödinger) processes. Those processes are linked to the heat equation by construction. Two types of results are presented here. Some are about the heat equation and totally independant from any probabilistic context. For example, we compute the flows associated with the heat equation for three different potential and we study the structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries for those equations. Other results are presented: we show how it is possible to parametrize one factor affine models with Bernstein processes. We also give a necessary condition for the parametrization of -factor affine models with Berntein processes
Le, Trong Emmanuel. "Mise en œuvre de modèles de réseaux 3-D pour l'étude du transport binaire en milieu poreux." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12775.
Full textIn this work, we focus on the study of the relation between the structure of a porous medium at the pore scale, and the dispersion tensor D* and the mass exchange coefficient alpha describing at the macroscopic scale the fate of a pollutant of low miscibility (binary case) trapped in a saturated aquifer. The choice to use "realistic" pore network models (to practically upscale the microstructural information into the macroscopic dispersion equation) leads us to propose a global strategy based on quantitative image analysis. Several aspects of this global strategy are developed (random model, skeletonization, etc. ) with the aim to take into account ultimately the effects of the structural characteristics of real porous media on D* and alpha
Rondineau, Sébastien. "Modélisation de lentilles sphériques à gradient d'indice et sources conformes associées." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10125.
Full textBourdillon, Nicolas. "Facteurs limitants de la consommation maximale d'oxygène en hypoxie aiguë : le rôle de la diffusion tissulaire." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132021.
Full textNear InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a technique based on light diffusion through the living tissues. Muscle exploration is reported in terms of oxy and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. The subjects, men and women, endurance trained or sedentary, performed multiple incremental tests in normoxia and at various levels of hypoxia (altitude from 1000 to 4500m). During each test, multiple parameters from the oxygen transport chain were monitored to evaluate the importance of tissue diffusion in the limiting factors of maximal oxygen consumption. Moreover, we identified the pulmonary and muscular diffusion coefficients for oxygen and computed a capillary recruitment coefficient building a mathematical model of oxygen transport. This work also lets us assess the composition of the NIBS signal in terms of arteriolar, capillary and venous blood. The greater decrease in peak oxygen consumption in athletes at altitude is mainly explained by the plateau found in the pulmonary but not muscular diffusion coefficient. NIRS showed that the muscle caracteristics of the trained subjects were closer from the sedentary ones at altitude, despite the greater capillary recruitment. We conclude that in acute hypoxia, athletes lose their advantage of adaptations to training due to a greater decrease in arterial oxygen content compared with sedentary subjects
Henn, François. "Contribution à une approche théorique de la conduction entre états localisés : interprétation des mouvements ioniques dans quelques solides." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20306.
Full textLemasson, Mireille. "Calcul et étude expérimentale de l'aérodynamique interne d'un redresseur : application à l'optimisation d'un diffuseur transsonique." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT013H.
Full textAldarf, Mazen. "Culture sur milieux solides modèles de la croissance de Geotrichum candidum et de Penicillium camembertii : application à la maîtrise de l'affinage du camembert." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10056.
Full textSaba, Hafida Idrissi Azami. "Etude et réalisation d'un simulateur parallèle de la diffusion à l'échelle atomique : création et croissance de boucles de dislocation sous irradiation électronique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30102.
Full textPortier, Stéphane. "Modélisation du comportement des gaz de fission en régime transitoire dans le combustible à plaques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0938.
Full textAyyadi, Asma El. "Couplage des modèles classique-quantique. Simulation de la diode à effet tunnel." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0026.
Full textThe principal objective of this work of thesis is to deal with the problem of coupling macroscopic fluid models (namely the Drift-Diffusion model) with quantum models (namely the Schrödinger equation) for those semiconductor devices where quantum effects play an important role only in a (small) portion of the domain. The hybrid classic-quantum models derived here are then coupled self-consistently with Poisson equation on the whole domain. The starting point for deducing the interface conditions is the kinetic-quantum coupling studied by Ben Abdallah ('98). The interface conditions are obtained with a diffusion limiting process. Second order interface conditions incorporating kinetic boundary layer corrections are derived. Two analytical formulae for the extrapolation coefficient appearing in the second order interface conditions, are proposed : the first one is based on the approximation of the albedo operator and the second one is an iteration procedure first introduced by Golse-Klar ('95). Resonant tunnelling diodes are simulated for two test cases of the results of the literature and the model shows good performance. Chapter 3 contains the extension of the results of the previous chapter to the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics and it follows the same structure. In the chapter 4 collisions are included in the quantum model via the Pauli equation. Appropriate interface conditions are deduced. Chapter 5 deals with the time dependant case with Boltzmann statistics
Bessemoulin-Chatard, Marianne. "Développement et analyse de schémas volumes finis motivés par la présentation de comportements asymptotiques. Application à des modèles issus de la physique et de la biologie." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836514.
Full textEl, Kabiri Mohamed. "Transport et diffusion turbulente de la chaleur en aval d'une source linéaire placée au-dessus d'une paroi adiabatique." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES040.
Full textDobigny, Blandine. "Développement d’outils de modélisation et de méthodes pour le contrôle de pneumatiques par ultrasons." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077225.
Full textThis thesis deals with ultrasonic non-destructive testing of tires. More precisely, this work aims to model ultrasonic wave interactions with wires collections that reinforce the tire. The tire is considered as an attenuating medium with several embedded gratings of cylinders. The orientation of each grating may be different but they ail constitute parallel plans. First, the calculation of the field scattered by a unidirectional grating is extended both to the case of an attenuating medium and a plane wave with an arbitrary angle of incidence. The model is used to compare the behaviors of infinite and large finite gratings. We also study a grating with a perturbation and the influence of the incidence angle. Each case is considered in a frequency range below and above the cutoff frequency where the wave field is written as a sum of several plane waves. This decomposition is then used to deal with stacks of gratings. After the decomposition into plane waves, with a shared basis, the fields calculated for each grating are joined to model the interaction between gratings. This approach is validated with a bidirectional array. Finally, experimental validations are conducted on simplified tire-like samples. Through-transmission experiments have shown the grating effects depending on the frequency and the incidence angle. The experimental transmission coefficients have finally been compared to those calculated with the model
Gasca, Petrica. "Zirconium – modélisation ab initio de la diffusion des défauts ponctuels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10111/document.
Full textZirconium is the main element of the cladding found in pressurized water reactors, under an alloy form. Under irradiation, the cladding elongate significantly, phenomena attributed to the vacancy dislocation loops growth in the basal planes of the hexagonal compact structure. The understanding of the atomic scale mechanisms originating this process motivated this work. Using the ab initio atomic modeling technique we studied the structure and mobility of point defects in Zirconium. This led us to find four interstitial point defects with formation energies in an interval of 0.11 eV. The migration paths study allowed the discovery of activation energies, used as entry parameters for a kinetic Monte Carlo code. This code was developed for calculating the diffusion coefficient of the interstitial point defect. Our results suggest a migration parallel to the basal plane twice as fast as one parallel to the c direction, with an activation energy of 0.08 eV, independent of the direction. The vacancy diffusion coefficient, estimated with a two-jump model, is also anisotropic, with a faster process in the basal planes than perpendicular to them. Hydrogen influence on the vacancy dislocation loops nucleation was also studied, due to recent experimental observations of cladding growth acceleration in the presence of this element
Wolff, Pierre. "Etude de la susceptibilité de diodes P. I. N. Soumises à une agression hyperfréquence." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20032.
Full textPennarun, Pierre-Yves. "Migration à partir de bouteilles en PET recyclé : Elaboration et validation d'un modèle applicable aux barrières fonctionnelle." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS011.
Full textGarnier, Jimmy. "Analyse mathématique de modèles de dynamique des populations : équations aux dérivées partielles paraboliques et équations intégro-différentielles." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755296.
Full textAlbaraka, Zaher. "Étude de l’extraction membranaire par fibres creuses de sels alcalins par des systèmes macrocycliques calixaréniques." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6012.
Full textThis work shows the advantages of liquid-liquid non-dispersive extraction which takes place in membrane contactors constructed with lipophilic hollow fibers. It shows the possibility of using this technique for the extraction of alkaline salts by macrocyclic extractants dissolved in a nonpolar solvent. It presents a model of mass transfer based on an adaptation of the double film model and applied to biphasic systems exhibiting nonlinear isotherms. It provides the global mass transfer coefficient which is shown to be influenced by phase flow rates, the solute diffusivity and the extraction equilibrium. The simplicity of use of membrane modules in non-dispersive extraction makes them good candidates to combine multiple operations (intensification process)
Maurin, Guillaume. "Interactions entre cations alcalins et solides : modélisation d'une mordénite-Na+ et étude expérimentale de l'insertion de Li+ dans les nanotubes de carbone." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20111.
Full textMassol, Jean-Luc. "Représentation des phénomenes de diffusion dans la modélisation des composants bipolaires de puissance : Application à la simulation du recouvrement inverse de la diode." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0017.
Full textSchmeltz, Marjorie. "Etude de la dynamique et de la mécanique des glaciers en combinant l'interférométrie radar et les modèles numériques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30135.
Full textDelage, Fabienne. "Etude de la fonction cinétique de dissolution d'un verre nucléaire." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20159.
Full textMonsivais, Huertero Alejandro. "Développement d'un modèle physique pour la réponse radar cohérente et polarimétrique de la végétation sahélienne, application à l'estimation de paramètres biophysiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/63/.
Full textA coherent scattering model is developed for radar remote sensing of Sahelian grassland. This African vegetation is mainly composed of annual grass and shrubs. In this model first a generator of grass and shrub structures, which includes morphological information, is implemented. Shrubs’ crown is highly irregular, but for most part can be encompassed in an ellipsoidal or cylindrical volume depending on shrub shape. Thus, the extinction of the coherent wave is then calculated only when travelling in the volume. By the other hand, the generator represents the grass as a set of cylindrical stalks and blade leaves. Backscatter statistics are acquired via a Monte Carlo simulation over a large number of realizations. The accuracy of the model is verified using measured data acquired by a C-band satellite at HH polarization. In most of cases, simulations are closed to measurements. After being validated the model accuracy, the model is implemented in a vegetal-parameter retrieval algorithm. Since the coherent scattering model is significant time consuming, a simplified empirical model is constructed with the fitting of simulation results obtained by the forward model. The sensitive parameters of Sahelian vegetation are sol moisture content, grass density, and grass moisture content. The estimation of these three parameters using the set of C-band HH-polarized measured data shows a great agreement when comparing with ground data
Trausch, Grégory. "Développement et mise en oeuvre d'une nouvelle méthode fondée sur le phénomène de nutation pour la décomposition d'un signal composite de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire : application au signal 1H de l'eau dans des argiles synthétiques." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0150_TRAUSCH.pdf.
Full textNowadays, geologic nuclear waste storage is envisionned according to a multi-layer model which implies clays. The latter exhibit retention capacities and low permeability to water ; that is why they are considered as a good candidate for engineered barriers to radioactive waste disposal. The present work here aims at studying transport phenomena which involve water molecules in three samples of synthetic clays (two of them exhibiting a « Pake doublet ») by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The first chapter describes structural proporties of clays and presents the state-of-art of NMR and other experimental techniques used for such systems. The second chapter deals with the interpretation and the simulation of each conventionnal proton spectrum. These simulations allow us to evidence and to characterize a chemical exchange phenomenon. The third chapter is dedicated to original nutation experiments performed under low radiofrequency field in the case of broad NMR signal. It is shown that this type of NMR experiment can yield the number and the proportion of each species contributing to the whole signal. These results are exploited in the fourth chapter for processing relaxation and diffusion experiments. Finally, the diffusion coefficients obtained by NMR are divided by a factor 4 with respect to pure water while relaxation rates are two orders of magnitude greater
Alvarez, Benjamin. "Scattering Theory for Mathematical Models of the Weak Interaction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0227.
Full textIn this work, we consider, first, mathematical models of the weak decay of the vector bosons W into leptons. The free quantum field Hamiltonian is perturbed by an interaction term from the standard model of particle physics. After the introduction of high energy and spatial cut-offs, the total quantum Hamiltonian defines a self-adjoint operator on a tensor product of Fock spaces. We study the scattering theory for such models. First, the masses of the neutrinos are supposed to be positive: for all values of the coupling constant, we prove asymptotic completeness of the wave operators. In a second model, neutrinos are treated as massless particles and we consider a simpler interaction Hamiltonian: for small enough values of the coupling constant, we prove again asymptotic completeness, using singular Mourre's theory, suitable propagation estimates and the conservation of the difference of some number operators. We moreover study Hamiltonian models representing an arbitrary number of spin 1/2 fermion quantum fields interacting through arbitrary processes of creation or annihilation of particles. The fields may be massive or massless. The interaction form factors are supposed to satisfy some regularity conditions in both position and momentum space. Without any restriction on the strength of the interaction, we prove that the Hamiltonian identifies to a self-adjoint operator on a tensor product of anti-symmetric Fock spaces and we establish the existence of a ground state. Our results rely on novel interpolated Nτ estimates. They apply to models arising from the Fermi theory of weak interactions, with ultraviolet and spatial cut-offs. Finally, the removal of spatial cut-off to define translation invariant toy models will be quickly discussed in the last chapter
Hosseinizadeh, Ahmad. "Excited States in U(1)2+1 Lattice Gauge Theory and Level Spacing Statistics in Classical Chaos." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26815/26815.pdf.
Full textHasmy, Aguilar Anwar. "Simulations numériques de la structure et de certaines propriétés des aérogels de silice." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20170.
Full textGarcia, Vindas José Ralph. "Transport du radon en milieu poreux (expérimentation et modélisation) : implication pour la réalisation et l'interprétation de mesures "in situ"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20003.
Full textGarcia, Cervantes Elias Yammir. "Modeling and analysis of Superphénix fast reactor tests with the neutronic calculation scheme APOLLO-3®-SFR for application to the ASTRID reactor." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0274.
Full textThe SFR development aims to conceive advanced designs with improved safety. This represents a complexity on its modeling, reason for which the development of a new neutronic platform is undergoing: APOLLO-3. Under the framework of the VVUQ process of APOLLO-3 and in support to ASTRID, this thesis analyses a set of the Superphénix tests concerning multiple topics. The Superphénix start-up tests are performed for the calculation schemes validation with APOLLO-3, followed by the analysis of certain parameters at power conditions. From this model the production of the data for a thermal-hydraulic analysis with CATHARE-3, chained to the fuel performance code GERMINAL code is done to assess a transient over power and the stationary kgh coefficients. Finally, the application to ASTRID of the validated schemes with APOLLO-3 is performed. In conclusion, even if the Superphénix is not entirely representative to the ASTRID, different modeling techniques with APOLLO-3® show appropriate evaluations
Léger, Romain. "Contribution à l'étude de la durabilité des structures collées soumises à des efforts mécaniques après vieillissement humide." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518367.
Full textEgret, Paul. "Synchronisation des flux physiques et financiers : mise en évidence de l'échec du déploiement d'un ERP au travers d'une étude de cas." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059804.
Full textMartin, Véronique. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaine de type relaxation d'ondes pour des équations de l'océanographie." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583196.
Full textCastro, Lopez William Camilo. "Modélisation du comportement diffuso-mécanique d'un polymère semi-cristallin sous pression d'eau." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0010.
Full textComprehension of the hydro-mechanical coupling affecting the mechanical behavior of a semicrystalline polymer (SCP) under high water pressure was the motivation of this research work.In order to describe the water diffusion phenomenon and its impact on the mechanical behavior of the SCP when multiaxial stresses are applied, the effect of the microstructure on the diffuso-mechanical behavior of the polymer was considered for modeling. A constitutive model including void nucleation and growth induced by large strains, and a dependence of the macroscopic mechanical behavior on hydrostatic pressure, is then coupled with a sorption model depending on the microstructure of the polymer.A multiphase representation at two scales is considered: at a ‘macroscopic’ scale, the cavitated SCP under water pressure is considered to be a saturated porous medium with the SCP as the solid phase, and the water saturating the voids as the fluid phase.At a lower scale, the viscoplastic behavior of the SCP has been modeled from the thermodynamics of porous media based on a meso-scale representation of its microstructure with the crystalline lamellae interacting with the free amorphous.The coupled model was implemented into a finite elements code. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed model, in particular its capability to take into account coupling phenomena between the microstructure of the material, species diffusion and the local state of stresses and strains which contributes to the comprehension of experimental observations
Leos, Zamorategui Arturo. "On the interface between physical systems and mathematical models : study of first-passage properties of fractional interfaces and large deviations in kinetically constrained models." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC183/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates both equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of mathematical stochastic models that as a representation of physical systems. By means of extensive numerical simulations we study mean quantities and their fluctuations. Nonetheless, in some systems we are interested also in large deviations. The first part of the thesis focuses on the study of rough interfaces observed in growth processes. These interfaces are simulated with state-of-the-art simulations based on parallel computing which allow us to study very large systems. On the one hand, we discuss the diffusive case given by the Edward-Wilkinson equation in periodic interfaces. For the discrete version of such an equation, we obtain an analytic solution in Fourier space. Fur-ther, we derive an exact expression of the structure factor related with the modes amplitudes describing the interface and compare it with the numerical values. Moreover, using a mapping between stationary interfaces and the Brownian motion, we relate the distribution of the intervals generated by the zeros of the interface with the first-passage distribution given by a the Sparre-Andersen theorem in the case of the Brownian motion. As a generalization of the results obtained in the diffusive case, we study a linear Langevin equation with a Riesz-Feller fractional Laplacian of order z used to simulate sub- and super-diffusive interfaces. In this general case, we identify three regimes based on the scaling behaviour of the cumulants of the intervallengths, the density of zeros and the width of the interface. Finally, we study the evolution in time of some of the observables introduced before. In the second part of the thesis, we study the dynamical phase transition in kinetically constrained models (KCMs) in order to get some insight on the glass transition observed in structural glasses. In a one-dimensional KCM we study the geometry of the bubbles of inactivity in space-time for systems at different temperatures. We find that the spatial length of the bubbles does not scale diffusively with its temporal duration. In contrast, we confirm a vidiffusive behaviour for other quantities studied. Further, by means of large deviation theory and cloning algorithms, we identify the dynamical phase transition in two-dimensional systems. To start with, we measure numerically the dynamical free energy both by measuring the largest eigenvalue of the evolution operator,for small systems, and via the cloning algorithm, for larger systems. We conjecture a value λ c = Σ/K, with Σ the surface tensionof a bubble of activity surrounded by a sea of inactive sites in an effective interfacial model and K the mean activity of the system, for each of the systems studied. For the activity of the system and the occupation number we discuss their scaling properties far from the phase transition. Starting from an empty system subject to different boundary conditions, we investigate the front propagation of active sites. We argue that the phase transition in this case can be identified by the abrupt slowing-down of the front. This is done by measuring the ballistic speed of the front in the simplest case studied. Finally, we propose an effective model following the Feynman-Kac formula for a moving front.-proprietés de premier passage, interface rugueuse, diffusion fractionnaire , système hors d'équilibre, transition de phase dynamique, modèle cinétiquement contraint, grandes déviations.-first-passage properties, rough interface, fractional diffusion, out-of-equilibrium system, dynamical phase transition, kinetically constrained model, large deviations
Nambully, Suresh Kumar. "A Filtered-Laminar-Flame PDF subgrid scale closure for LES of Premixed Turbulent Flames : Application to a Stratified Bluff-body burner with Differential Diffusion." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845904.
Full textDel, Punta Jessica A. "Mathematical methods in atomic physics." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0035/document.
Full textTwo and three-body scattering problems are of crucial relevance in atomic physics as they allow to describe different atomic collision processes. Nowadays, the two-body cases can be solved with any degree of numerical accuracy. Scattering problem involving three charged particles are notoriously difficult but something similar -- though to a lesser extent -- can be stated. The aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding of three-body Coulomb scattering problems from an analytical point of view. This is not only of fundamental interest, it is also useful to better master numerical approaches that are being developed within the collision community. To achieve this aim we propose to approximate scattering solutions with expansions on sets of appropriate functions having closed form. In so doing, we develop a number of related mathematical tools involving Coulomb functions, homogeneous and non-homogeneous second order differential equations, and hypergeometric functions in one and two variables
Piquer, Estelle. "Convection mixte en fluide binaire avec prise en compte de l'effet Soret." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30123.
Full textDerhoumi, Zine-El-Abidine. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation multi-physique des électrolyses diphasiques." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS334.
Full textExperimental study: Observation and quantification of the bubble formation at one or both electrodes by cameras and the cell voltage measuring for two phase electrolysis. The diameter, cell voltage law evolution have been established according with investigated parameters (current density j, concentration C, gravity G and electrode material). Numerical study: The Numerical work was conducted on two scales (electrolyzer ; bubble). In the first step, Fluent® was used. In a second step, the modelisation was carried out for strong coupling between hydrodynamics (Fluidyn® CFD) and electrochemistry (Flux Expert®)
Gasparin, Suelen. "Numerical methods for predicting heat and moisture transfer through porous building materials." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAM077.pdf.
Full textBuilding energy consumption is directly impacted by weather parameters such as temperature, solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and wind velocity. The knowledge of the building hygrothermal performance enables the design of energy efficient buildings and the prediction of overall durability and sustainability of envelopes. Therefore, designers and builders are interested in modeling the long-term performance of the envelopes by means of accurate, reliable and fast simulation tools.Several numerical models have been proposed in the literature to study the heat and moisture transfer in building materials. In general, this problem is solved by traditional methods, such as finite-difference and finite-volume methods, using mainly implicit schemes. Nevertheless, these methods impose costly sub-iterations to treat the nonlinearities and very fine discretization, which increase substantially the simulation computational cost. Therefore, this research has been focused on the development and analyses of numerical methods for efficiently simulate the problem of heat and mass transfer through porous materials.In the first part of this thesis, improved schemes of the traditional numerical methods have been developed to eliminate costly sub-iterations to treat nonlinearities, to improve the order of accuracy and to save computer run time. Despite the great progress with the new numerical schemes, the conclusion of the first part shows that we still have to deal with large systems of equations, particularly when treating multi-dimensional transfer problems. For this reason, to reduce even more the computational burden and the size of the system, a reduced-order model, based on spectral methods is proposed in the sequence to provide an accurate description of the physical phenomena. The degrees of freedom of the solution is strongly decreased while maintaining the model fidelity. It ensures a computational cost much lower than the complete original model.All these methods are applied to problems related to building physics, such as single and multilayer nonlinear transfer, the determination of optimum insulation thickness, the process of moisture buffer effects and transfer in one- or two-zone building models. In conclusion, we show how to build efficient numerical models, in terms of computational cost and accuracy, to investigate the heat and mass transfer in porous materials