Relevant bibliographies by topics / Digestibility in sacco method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Digestibility in sacco method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Digestibility in sacco method"

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VanSomeren, L. L., P. S. Barboza, D. P. Thompson, and D. D. Gustine. "Monitoring digestibility of forages for herbivores: a new application for an old approach." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 3 (March 2015): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0207.

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Ruminant populations are often limited by how well individuals are able to acquire nutrients for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Nutrient supply to the animal is dictated by the concentration of nutrients in feeds and the efficiency of digesting those nutrients (i.e., digestibility). Many different methods have been used to measure digestibility of forages for wild herbivores, all of which rely on collecting rumen fluid from animals or incubation within animals. Animal-based methods can provide useful estimates, but the approach is limited by the expense of fistulated animals, wide variation in digestibility among animals, and contamination from endogenous and microbial sources that impairs the estimation of nutrient digestibility. We tested an in vitro method using a two-stage procedure using purified enzymes. The first stage, a 6 h acid–pepsin treatment, was followed by a combined 72 h amylase–cellulase or amylase–Viscozyme treatment. We then validated our estimates using in sacco and in vivo methods to digest samples of the same forages. In vitro estimates of dry matter (DM) digestibility were correlated with estimates of in sacco and in vivo DM digestibility (both P < 0.01). The in vitro procedure using Viscozyme (r2 = 0.77) was more precise than the in vitro procedure using cellulase (r2 = 0.59). Both procedures can be used to predict in sacco digestibility after correcting for the biases of each method. We used the in vitro method to measure digestibility of nitrogen (N; 0.07–0.95 g/g), which declined to zero as total N content declined below 0.03–0.06 g/g of DM. The in vitro method is well suited to monitoring forage quality over multiple years because it is reproducible, can be used with minimal investment by other laboratories without animal facilities, and can measure digestibility of individual nutrients such as N.
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Singh, B., and H. P. S. Makkar. "Observations on the changes in in sacco digestibility of urea ammoniated wheat straw during treatment." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 2 (April 1988): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081545.

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The treatment of straw using ammonia released by the hydrolysis of urea and subsequent improvements obtained in digestibility of straws have been reported (Jayasuriya & Pearce, 1983; Williams, Innes & Brewer, 1984). Benefits achieved by this method compare well with those obtained by sodium hydroxide (Verma, 1983). Urea is widely and cheaply available in many developing countries; this favours its use in improving nutritive values of low quality roughages. In addition, this method is relatively safe, uncomplicated and inexpensive compared with some other chemical treatments. Considerable attention has been paid to the treatment conditions for treating cereal straws with liquid or anhydrous ammonia which lead to the optimum effects (Waagepetersen & Vestergaard Thomsen, 1977; Solaiman, Horn & Owen, 1979; Borhami & Sundstøl, 1982), but equivalent studies on the ammoniation of crop residues through urea are limited (Cloete & Kritzinger, 1984; Singh & Negi, 1985). No report is available on the changes in in sacco dry-matter digestibility (DMD) of urea ammoniated straw during treatment at different temperatures. This paper describes our observations on the changes in in sacco DMD of urea ammoniated wheat straw at different treatment times and temperatures.
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Doležal, Petr, and Jiří Skládanka. "The effect of the stage of maturity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the chemical composition and in sacco digestibility." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 1 (2008): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856010055.

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The influence of the stage of maturity of alfalfa on the chemical composition and in sacco digestibility was studied in a laboratory experiment. Alfalfa plants were analysed in 8 vegetation stages harvested in regular intervals before the beginning of bud setting until the fall of blossoms. The contents of nitrogenous substances, fat, crude fibre, ADF, NDF, Ca, P, Na, K and Mg were determined in the samples, and using the in sacco method also the organic matter digestibility in the rumen. Further we assessed the energy content and calculated the N−free extractives (BNLV) value. In some stages the chemical changes were monitored in the whole plant. It was discovered that during vegetation there was a statistically significant increase in the crude fibre content and in the ADF and NDF fractions and a reduction in nitrogenous substances. A strong negative correlation was detected between the stage of maturity of alfalfa and content of crude protein and net energy for lactation (r = −0.97 and r = −0.92, respectively). In the individual stages of vegetation the differences in the content of nitrogenous substances, fibre and fat were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The statistically highest content of crude protein (28.97%) was detected in the first stage before bud setting and the lowest (11.97%) in the stage after the fall of blossoms. Later vegetation also had a stronger depressive effect on the content of fat and NEL. The organic matter digestibility (P < 0.05) was the lowest in alfalfa in the last stage of sampling (62.6%) when it reached a mere 85.99% of the digestibility at the beginning of bud setting. The highest organic matter digestibility (72.80%) was detected in a sample of young alfalfa prior to bud setting. In the experiment we confirmed a strong and negative correlation (r = −0.97) between the crude fibre content and organic matter digestibility. The correlation was also strong between the stage of maturity of alfalfa and the content of magnesium (Mg).
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Andrés, S., F. J. Giráldez, J. S. González, R. Peláez, N. Prieto, and A. Calleja. "Prediction of aspects of neutral detergent fibre digestion of forages by chemical composition and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 2 (2005): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04164.

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Sixty-two herbage samples, harvested in natural meadows located in the mountains of León (north-west Spain), and characterised by a diverse botanical composition and different stages of maturity of the plants, were used to evaluate the ability of chemical composition and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction. In vitro digestibility was performed as described by the Goering and Van Soest procedure. Three dry Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with a rumen cannula were used to incubate the herbage samples. A Bran+Luebbe InfraAlyzer 500 spectrophotometer was used to obtain the NIR spectra corresponding to the 62 original herbage samples. Prediction equations for the estimation of in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability parameters of the NDF fraction were generated using NIR spectra or chemical data as independent variables. The results showed that the in vitro digestibility and kinetic parameters of degradation of the NDF fraction could not be predicted accurately, probably as a consequence of the errors corresponding to the reference methods. In contrast, these errors did not greatly affect the extent of disappearance of the NDF fraction at later times, so the accuracy of prediction of these parameters was higher, especially when NIR spectra were used as independent variables. This is probably due to the close relationship that the parameters showed with the chemical data, since this kind of information, together with some physical characteristics of the samples, is included in the NIR spectra.
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Hvelplund, T., and M. R. Weisbjerg. "In vitro techniques to replace in vivo methods for estimating amino acid supply." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00032419.

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Abstract Expressing the protein value of a food involves measurements of several of its characteristics. Many in vivo studies have shown, that the protein degradability in the rumen varies substantially both between and within foods and therefore estimation of protein degradability in the rumen is an important task in protein evaluation. The most common method used has been the in situ (in sacco, nylon bag) method but many in vitro methods have been introduced and are based on use of either buffer solubility, chemical methods, rumen fluid or enzymes. None of these in vitro methods has proven to be of general use. In further development of in vitro methods as well as the in situ method a major problem is lack of a set of samples with a ‘true’ in vivo degradability which can be used for calibration of alternative methods. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen has to be related to food characteristics which can be analysed easily. In vitro methods which can predict organic matter digestibility in foods are available and can be used to predict microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Intestinal digestibility of undegraded dietary protein varies substantially both between and within foods and easy methods to estimate intestinal digestibility are therefore essential. The mobile bag method is easy to use and seems to give reliable results on most foods but requires access to duodenal cannulated animals which prevents this method from being routine. Alternative in vitro methods have been developed but further research is required for validation of these methods on a wide range of foods before they can be accepted for general use.
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Majer, Vladimír, and Pavel Veselý. "An assessment of differences in the ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein in brewer’s grains and maize draff." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 1 (2012): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260010097.

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The submitted thesis aims to assess the differences between the ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of crude protein contained in brewer’s grains (BG) and maize draff (AMG). The effectiveness of ruminal degradability was tested using the “in sacco” method on 3 dry Holstain cows fitted with rumen cannulas. The dynamics of ruminal degradability of crude protein (CP) was detected after 0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours of samples incubation in the rumen. The intestinal digestibility of crude protein undegradable in the rumen was determined using the “mobile bag” method on 3 dry Holstain cows fitted with duodenal cannulas. The crude protein degradability of BG was detected in the above-mentioned hours (%): 4.06; 18.16; 32.40; 38.56, and 50.70; crude protein degradability of AMG: 42.04; 63.56; 84.47; 85.16, and 87.19. The effectiveness of rumen degradability of BG crude protein at the rate of passage of rumen content 6 % per hour was calculated at 35.33 % and that of AMG, at 76.29 %. Intestinal digestibility of BG crude protein and dry matter at the rate of passage of intestinal content 6 % per hour was calculated at 79.41 % and 22.84 %, respectively, and that of AMG, at 57.01 % and 11.33 %, respectively. The differences between the indicators of both feedstuffs were significant (P < 0.05). The results show that BG are mostly a source of crude protein with higher intestinal digestibility than AMG.
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Rajtar, Patrycja, Paweł Górka, Tomasz Schwarz, and Piotr Micek. "Effect of Hybrid Rye and Maize Grain Processing on Ruminal and Postruminal Digestibility Parameters." Annals of Animal Science 20, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1065–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0025.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of the method of fragmentation of hybrid rye and maize grain on digestibility parameters for ruminants. Varying degrees of fragmentation – none (whole grains; WG), crushed (CG) or ground to pass through a 4.0 (GG4.0) or 1.5 mm (GG1.5) screen – were estimated by the in sacco nylon bag technique, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and the in vitro gas production (GP) technique. WG, CG, GG4.0 and GG1.5 were categorized as none, slight, moderate and extensive fragmentation of the grain kernel, respectively. Three non-lactating cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to determine the effective rumen degradability (ERD) and intestinal and total tract digestibility (ID and TTD, respectively) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch. IVTD was determined with an ANKOM DaisyII Incubator, and GP and in vitro organic matter digestibility were determined with an ANKOMRF Gas Production System. Dry matter, CP and starch of hybrid rye grain were rapidly degraded in the rumen, and this degradability as well as ID and TTD was only marginally affected by the method of kernel fragmentation; however, among the methods used, the ERD of GG4.0 rye was the lowest. On the other hand, the greater the degree of kernel fragmentation, the higher ERD, ID and TTD were obtained for the DM, CP and starch of maize grain. In summary, rye grain is more susceptible to fermentation in the rumen than maize grain, but the means of grain processing may alter the rate, extent and site of their digestion, particularly for maize grain.
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Fazaeli, H., A. Azizi, Z. A. M. Jelan, and S. A. Mirhadi. "Effect of fungal treatment on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of wheat straw." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013259.

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Fungal treatment has been recently considered as a promising method for improving the nutritive value of straw (Zadrazil et al., 1997). Several studies have been conducted to identify species of white-rot fungi for assessing their ability to improve the nutritive value of straw (Yamakamwa et al., 1992). Since there are many species of fungi in nature, there is an interest in characterising of some species. The objectives of this experiment were to study the effect of five Pleurotus fungi on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of wheat straw and evaluate their effect in upgrading the nutritive value of lignicellulosic materials.
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Rimbawanto, Efka Aris, S. N. O. Suwandyastuti, and Sri Rahayu. "Biotransformasi Limbah Ikan Menjadi Bahan Pakan untuk Ruminansia." Jurnal Agripet 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v12i1.287.

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Biotransformation of fish waste as feed matter for ruminantABSTRACT. Fish waste (head, viscera and tails) which ensilage with saccharomyces sp and lactobacillus sp, had a high quality and protein content of about 53,18 ± 0,83% and a good aroma. An experiment have been conducted by experimental method with in sacco trial and in vivo trial. The treatment tested were 4 kind of protein source : (1) fish waste silages mixed with tapioca ; (2) fish waste silages mixed with rice bran ; (3) soy bean kernels and (4) fish meal. The in sacco trial was carried out on 3 fistulated cows, to study the rate of protein degradability in the rumen. The in vivo trial was carried out by Completely Randomized Design on 16 heads of fat tail rams. The variable measured were: rumen fermentation product (VFA and N-NH3); energy and protein digestibility; daily body weight gain of the rams. The experiment showed, that the source of protein use have no significantly effect upon VFA both on the VFA total and individual VFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate). The highest propionate reach by soya bean kernels (P 0.01). Based on the all variables measured, it was indicated the silage of fish waste can be used to substituted of soya bean kernels or fish meal in the ration of sheep.
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Nsahlai, I. V., and N. N. Umunna. "Comparison between reconstituted sheep faeces and rumen fluid inocula and between in vitro and in sacco digestibility methods as predictors of intake and in vivo digestibility." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 2 (March 1996): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600073196.

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SUMMARYThis study (conducted in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia in 1993) examined (i) the effect of source of inoculum on in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (1VDMD) and gas production (GP) and (ii) the IVDMD, GP and in sacco degradability as predictors of in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and intake. Six ruminally cannulated male sheep (used in the degradability studies and from which rumen fluid was harvested for the in vitro studies) and six intact sheep (from which faeces for reconstitution was obtained) were given teff straw ad libitum supplemented with 200 g/day of concentrate (1:1 mixture of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) cake and wheat middlings). In determining IVDMD on 26 feeds, pepsin-HC1 digestion was replaced with neutral detergent extraction. Microbial GP was measured on these feeds incubated with rumen fluid or reconstituted faeces inocula at various time periods. The degradability of each feed was determined by the nylon bag technique in three sheep. Eighty-eight intact male Ethiopian Menz type sheep (mean liveweight 256 (S.D. = 1·98) kg) were used in a randomized complete block experiment to determine intake and digestibility.Gas production using faeces inoculum (GP-F) was strongly related to GP using rumen fluid inoculum (GP-R) particularly at 48 h (R2 = 0·85; P <0·001) of incubation. The IVDMD obtained with reconstituted sheep faeces inoculum (IVDMD-F) had a strong positive relationship (R2 = 0·88; P <0·0001) with IVDMD measured using rumen fluid (IVDMD-R). The IVDMD values obtained by centrifugation were positively related to those obtained by filtration for the rumen fluid (R2 = 0·61) and reconstituted faeces (R2 = 0·47) inocula.The relationship between degradability and in vivo DMD was generally poor for roughages but improved with the length of incubation for forage legumes, being strongest at 24 h (R2 = 0·54). The in vivo DMD had the strongest relationship with GP-R at 24 h of incubation for roughages (R2 = 0·64) and legumes (R2 = 0·84). Dry matter degradability was poorly related to DM intake for roughages (R2 <0·10), while these were closely related for legumes particularly at 6 h of incubation (R2 = 0·55). The relationship between GP-R and intake was strongest at 12 h of incubation for roughages (R2 = 0·41) but was generally weak for legumes. The IVDMD accounted for a very low proportion of the variation in intake of roughages and legume forages. The gas production method was the best among the methods tested in predicting voluntary roughage intake, but not the intake of legumes. The nylon bag technique gave the best predictors (solubility, rate constant ‘c’ and Lag phase) of legume intake (R2 = 0·98).The discussion suggests explanations for why the nylon bag technique predicted performance from forage legumes better than from roughages, why the technique was much better as a predictor of intake than of in vivo DMD, and why the gas production technique predicted in vivo DMD and not the intake of legumes. Reconstituted faeces inoculum may replace rumen fluid inoculum in in vitro procedures. The IVDMD method is a less accurate predictor of in vivo DMD than GP and rumen degradability constants. Both feed factors and practices inherent in the methodologies may modify the predictiveness of indirect digestibility methods.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digestibility in sacco method"

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Kudlinskienė, Ieva. "Ekstruduoto baltyminio priedo virškinamumas, jo poveikis karvių produktyvumui ir pieno sudėčiai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140519_092438-45301.

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UAB „Naujasis Nevėžis“ 2012 metais buvo sukurta ekstruduoto baltyminio priedo LAKTOMIL-1 receptūra, šis produktas skirtas melžiamoms karvėms skirtingais produktyvumo tarpsniais. Baltyminio priedo LAKTOMIL – 1 poveikio, karvių produktyvumui ir pieno kokybei, įvertinimui Lukšių žemės ūkio bendrovėje (Lauciškių komplekse) buvo atliktas 90 dienų trukmės bandymas. Bandymui analogų principu atrinkta 30 Lietuvos juodmargių karvių, jos suskirstytos į dvi grupes (kontrolinę ir bandomąją), po 15 gyvulių kiekvienoje. Kontrolinės grupės karvės buvo šeriamos įprastiniu racionu, sudarytu iš kukurūzų siloso, žolių šienainio, kukurūzų grūdainio, rapsų išspaudų, sojų išspaudų ir mineralų. Bandomosios grupės karvės šertos analogišku racionu, tačiau sojų išspaudos pakeistos baltyminiu priedu LAKTOMIL-1. Siekiant nustatyti LAKTOMIL-1 baltymų virškinamumo laipsnį didžiajame prieskrandyje ir plonosiose žarnose, bendradarbiavome su valstybiniu Estijos „Gyvybės Mokslų Universitetu“, Mitybos ir gyvūnų produktų kokybės katedra (Tartu). Baltymų ir sausosios medžiagos virškinamumas didžiajame prieskrandyje buvo nustatytas in sacco metodu. Tyrimui atrinktos trys karvės, kurioms į didįjį prieskrandį įvestos fistulos. Pašarų mėginiai buvo inkubuojami prieskrandyje 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 ir 72 valandas. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti ekstruduoto baltyminio priedo LAKTOMIL-1 virškinamumą in sacco metodu ir įvertinti skirtingo šėrimo poveikį karvių produktyvumui ir pieno sudėčiai. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. in sacco metodu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Object and tasks of work: Investigate extruded protein additive LAKTOMIL-1 ruminal digestibility, determine influence on cow productivity and milk composition. 1. Explore extruded protein additive ruminal digestibility using in sacco method; 2. Set extruded protein additive impact on dairy cows milk production and composition. Research methodology: In 2012 JSC „Naujasis Nevėžis“ specialists developed new extruded protein additive LAKTOMIL-1, for dairy cows in different stages of productivity. To investigate influence of extruded protein additive to cow’s productivity and milk composition, 90 days experiment was carried out in Lukšiai agricultural company (Lauciškiai farm). Analogues of the principle selected thirty Lithuanian Black/white breed cows, they were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental), each group containing 15 animals. The control group was fed a normal cow ration consisting of corn silage, grass silage, maize, rapeseed meal, soybean cake, and minerals. Experimental cows fed a similar diet, but soybean cake was replaced to extruded protein additive LAKTOMIL-1. During the investigation milk yield was determined by the control milking. Milk quality indices have been analyzed in PE “Milk Analysis” (“Pieno tyrimai”). Been studied milk protein, fat, lactose and urea concentration in milk content. Effective degradability of protein and dry matter was determined by the in sacco method using three fistulated cows. The cows were fed the same basal ration... [to full text]
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Galetti, Gino Renzo. "Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on rumen fermentation in sacco NDF disappearance and total tract nutrient digestibility of feedlot steers fed hominy chop - maize based diets." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77816.

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The focus of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation on rumen fermentation parameters, since a healthy or improved rumen environment favors more efficient growth performance and contributes to higher total tract digestibility, the focus being on the South African feedlot industry. The effects on total tract digestibility, in sacco digestion and dry matter disappearance of Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) as well as rumen fermentation patterns were studied using three differing levels of formulated fibre. The primary energy component were different combinations of maize and hominy chop, leading to differing dietary fibre levels. Hominy chop is a by-product of the South African maize milling industry and often a raw material used extensively in feedlots around the country due to the ease of supply and possible cheaper acquisition price than maize. The experimental trial was designed as a 6x6 latin square, repeated in time, within a factorial arrangement of treatments (3x2). The treatments included non-enzyme and enzyme treatment of three diets differing in starch and fibre content, the primary constituents being maize and hominy chop. During each feeding cycle, enough time for adaption to the new diet was allowed as well as enough time for enzyme washout to avoid carry-over effects from the previous treatment. Digestibility was measured using an internal marker, in sacco incubation was performed on the different experimental diets as well as hominy chop on its own, and lastly, rumen fluid samples were analysed for pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia-nitrogen levels. Total tract crude protein and starch digestibility did not differ significantly between treatments (P<0.05), but fibre digestibility was affected by enzyme treatment. For both the 75HC:25M and 25HC:75M diets, the enzyme supplementation increased ADF digestibility (P<0.05) from 43.79% to 54.12% and 46.11% to 54.49% respectively. No significant effects were seen between the same the diets on the different treatments for NDF digestibility, while there were significant effects across all the diets for both ADF and NDF digestibility (P<0.05). The mean NDF digestibility (P<0.05) improved from 54.73% to 60.10%, while the mean ADF digestibility (P<0.05) improved from 46.11% to 54.49% for the non-enzyme vs enzyme treatment respectively. The enzyme supplementation did not affect the in sacco DM and NDF disappearance for either the hominy chop or the TMR when comparing results within experimental treatments. There were also no overall effects of enzyme vs non-enzyme supplementation on in sacco hominy chop and TMR DM and NDFom ruminal digestibility (P < 0.05). Within experimental diets as well as overall, enzyme supplementation did not affect any of the rumen fermentation parameters measured. Results suggest that enzyme supplementation can play an important role in improving apparent total tract fibre digestion when feeding diets where part of the maize component is replaced with hominy chop, as is many times the case in Southern African feedlots.
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc (Agric)
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Wang, Chengjie [Verfasser]. "Development and application of a method to estimate feed digestibility in sheep grazing differently managed grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China / Chengjie Wang." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019622121/34.

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Motikawa, Sandra. ""Digestibilidade proteica de rações comerciais para o camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis Pérez-Farfante (1967): avaliação por métodos in vivo e in vitro"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-30102006-171913/.

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O cultivo do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis pode ser viabilizado com alimentos de boa digestibilidade proteica, por melhorar o rendimento e reduzir a liberação de resíduos no meio ambiente. Um método in vitro que utiliza o titulador pHstat e enzimas digestivas da espécie estudada para avaliar a digestibilidade proteica, obteve resultados comparáveis aos alcançados pelo cultivo de salmonídeos e camarões (Litopenaeus vannamei). No presente trabalho de suporte nutricional ao camarão autóctone F. paulensis, analisou-se a performance de cultivo dessa espécie em relação a três rações comerciais, verificou-se a previsibilidade do método in vitro de digestibilidade proteica e complementou-se os conhecimentos metodólogicos dessa técnica. Nos resultados, a performance de cultivo diferiu conforme a ração empregada e houve correlação (R2=0,55) entre os dados in vivo e in vitro de digestibilidade proteica para duas rações, sendo uma terceira ração excluída da análise devido às suas propriedades físicas, que possivelmente afetaram apenas a digestibilidade proteica in vivo. Os resultados obtidos com as enzimas empregadas no método in vitro diferiram pouco conforme a ontogênese, fonte alimentar e estado nutricional dos camarões. Os presentes resultados indicam que o método in vitro ainda não substitui o cultivo experimental, mas pode auxiliar na busca por alimentos adequados.
Culture of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis can be achieved by digestible feeds that may result in higher yields and reduced residual nutrient release into the environment. An in vitro method to assess protein digestibility in a pH-stat reaction involving enzyme extracts of the target species was previously found to preview in vivo apparent protein digestibility in salmonids and shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The present survey explored culture performance of F. paulensis fed three commercial shrimp feeds and checked the potential of the pH-stat method to preview apparent protein digestibility. Moreover, the suitability of using hepatopancreas enzyme extracts was assessed in terms of shrimp ontogenesis, nutritional status (fed/unfed) and diet history. Culture performance differed among feeds and a correlation (R2=0.55) was found between in vivo and in vitro protein digestibility in two of the tested feeds. The remaining feed was excluded from analysis due to technical constraints that possibly affected apparent in vivo protein digestibility and culture performance. Shrimp hepatopancreas enzyme extracts employed for in vitro assays were not affected by ontogenesis, nutritional status and diet history. Though the in vitro method still cannot replace experimental rearing trials it can further assist in the search for adequate feedstuffs for shrimp rearing.
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Lazzeri, Doglas Batista. "Níveis de isoleucina digestível para suínos machos castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1632.

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Aiming to determine the digestible isoleucine requirement for barrows from 15 to 30 kg, two experiments were conducted, being one of digestibility and another of performance. Ten crossbreed barrows with average initial weight of 15.00 ± 0.27 kg were used to determine the ileal digestibility coefficient of amino acids from basal diet. The animals were housed individually in metabolic cages in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with 14.13% crude protein and 0.45% isoleucine, and a free protein diet. Forty crossbreed barrows with average initial weight of 15.00 ± 0.87 kg were used to determine the digestible isoleucine requirement. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.45, 0.52, 0.59, 0.66 and 0.73% digestible isoleucine), four replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The coefficients of true ileal digestibility of essential amino acids were higher than the coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility and threonine, methionine+cystine and valine had the biggest increases. The true ileal digestibility of basal diet for lysine, threonine and tryptophan were higher than the true ileal digestible calculated amino acids. The same was not observed for true ileal digestibility of basal diet of arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, methionine+cystine, phenylalanine and valine. The protein deposition rate had a quadratic effect (P<0.05) which the level of 0.600% digestible isoleucine had the highest protein deposition in carcasses of pigs. The daily isoleucine intake had quadratic effect (P<0.01), which level of 0.938% digestible isoleucine provided the higher intake. There was linear effect (P<0.01) on efficiency of isoleucine utilization for weight gain, with reduction on values of EIleUWG as levels of digestible isoleucine increased in rations. A quadratic effect (P=0.09) of digestible isoleucine levels on the final weight was observed, with better values for the level 0.599%. The level of 0.60% digestible isoleucine obtained in the present work provided a digestible isoleucine:lysine relation of 0.60. The daily requirement of digestible isoleucine was 5.86 g/day, providing 1.76g of digestible isoleucine/Mcal of metabolizable energy
Com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de isoleucina digestível para suínos machos castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg de peso vivo, foram realizados dois experimentos, um de digestibilidade e outro de desempenho. Para determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade ileal dos aminoácidos da ração basal, foram utilizados 10 suínos, machos castrados, mestiços, com peso médio inicial de 15,00±0,27 kg, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos, cinco repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal, com 14,13% de proteína bruta e 0,450% de isoleucina, e uma dieta isenta de proteína. Na determinação da exigência de isoleucina digestível para suínos machos castrados, foram utilizados 40 suínos mestiços, com peso médio inicial de 15,00±0,87 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0,45; 0,52; 0,59; 0,66 e 0,73% de isoleucina digestível), quatro repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os valores dos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira dos aminoácidos essenciais foram maiores do que os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente, sendo a treonina, a metionina + cistina e a valina os aminoácidos que apresentaram os maiores aumentos. Os valores de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira da dieta basal para lisina, treonina e triptofano foram superiores aos valores de aminoácidos digestíveis ileais verdadeiros calculados. O mesmo não foi observado para os valores de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira da dieta basal dos aminoácidos arginina, histidina, isoleucina, leucina, metionina, metionina + cistina, fenilalanina e valina. A taxa de deposição de proteína apresentou efeito quadrático (P<0,05), em que o nível de 0,600% de isoleucina digestível proporcionou a maior deposição de proteína na carcaça dos suínos. Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,01) dos níveis de isoleucina digestível sobre o consumo diário de isoleucina, com estimativas de melhor consumo para o nível de 0,938%. Foi observada diferença linear (P<0,01) apenas para a eficiência de utilização de isoleucina para ganho, em que o modelo linear apresentou redução nos valores de eficiência à medida que aumentaram os níveis de isoleucina digestível nas rações. Foi observado efeito quadrático (P=0,09) dos níveis de isoleucina digestível sobre o peso final, com melhores valores obtidos para o nível de 0,599%. O nível de 0,60% de isoleucina digestível, obtido no presente estudo, proporcionou uma relação isoleucina:lisina digestível de 0,60. A exigência diária de isoleucina digestível foi de 5,86 g/dia, proporcionando um consumo de 1,76 g de isoleucina digestível/Mcal de energia metabolizável
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Oliveira, Gabriela Faria. "Metodologia otimizada para a determinção de digestibilidade de dietas para camarões marinhos em cultivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-19062008-154643/.

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A aqüicultura desenvolveu-se rapidamente nos últimos anos, sendo a carcinicultura um dos segmentos mais lucrativos e crescentes, onde a ração representa o custo mais elevado da produção e a maior fonte de poluição das fazendas de camarão. Nesse contexto, verifica-se a busca por rações de qualidade e novos ingredientes. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou aperfeiçoar o método in vivo de análise da digestibilidade de rações, desenvolvendo sistemas de cultivo (aquários: 14,3L e tanques: 160L), com recirculação de água marinha e filtro biológico, empregando rações comerciais (fase de crescimento) e dietas experimentais com diferentes produtos da soja (farelo de soja, farelo de soja texturIzado e farelo de soja micronizado) e marcador de óxido crômico (teste de digestibilidade) em camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei. Os sistemas e a manutenção aplicada foram eficientes na conservação da estabilidade dos parâmetros abióticos monitorados (compostos nitrogenados, temperatura, salinidade e pH). Os camarões apresentaram maior ganho de peso (P<0,05) com menores coeficientes de variação nos tanques. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) entre as dietas testadas (aquários), mas a digestibilidade acompanhou o maior processamento da soja (tanques). Os resultados sugerem a maior adequabilidade dos tanques para testes nutricionais.
Aquaculture have developed quickly in the last years, being the shrimp culture the more profitable and increasing sector. Feed comprise the highest variable costs of production and a major pollution source from shrimp farms. Hence is the search for quality feeds and new ingredients. Thus, the present work aimed to improve the in vivo method of feed protein digestibility, developing culture systems (aquariums: 14,3L and tanks: 160L) with seawater recirculation and biological filters. Commercial feeds (growth phase) and experimental diets with different soy products (soybean meal, texturized soybean meal and micronized soybean meal) with chromic oxide as marker (digestibility test) in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimps. Systems and maintenance procedures were efficient in the conservation of abiotic parameters (nitrogen products, temperature, salinity and pH). Shrimps showed higher weight gain (P<0,05) with low variation coefficient in the tanks compared to aquaria. No difference (P>0,05) was observed between the diets tested in the aquaria. But the digestibility was major to higher processed soybean meal (tanks). The results suggest the better adequacy to nutritional tests.
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Dufour-Etienne, Florence. "Prevision de la digestibilite apparente chez le chien : mise au point et evaluation d'une methode multienzymatique a ph constant." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066218.

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Yeh, Hwei-Ling, and 葉蕙玲. "Studies on the Method of Digestibility for Black Porgy." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53625806090597182459.

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Makharamedzha, Unarine. "Effects of different inclusion levels of marula (sclerocarya birrea) pulp at ensiling on the nutritive value of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silage." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/998.

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Rambau, Mashudu Daniel. "The effects of fertilization with bio-digester slurry and the inclusion of carbohydrate additives at ensiling on the nutritive value of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silage." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/696.

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MSCAGR (Animal Science)
Department of Animal Science
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of fertilisation with bio-digester slurry and the inclusion of carbohydrate additives at ensiling on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, ruminal degradability, and in vitro digestibility of Napier grass silage. Napier grass planted at the School of Agriculture Experimental Farm, University of Venda in 5 m x 4 m plots replicated three times in a completely randomised design and was irrigated with either biodigester slurry or no bio-digester slurry (tap water) for a period of 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the Napier was freshly cut and ensiled for 90 days in 1 litre glass jars in a 2 (Control - tap water and slurry irrigation) x 4 (No additive, molasses, maize meal and brown sugar) factorial arrangement. Fermentation quality and nutritive composition were determined using standard protocols. The dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) ruminal degradability was determined in sacco by incubating feed samples in nylon bags (external dimension: 6 × 12 cm, pore size of 46 μm) in the rumen in three Bonsmara steers fitted with rumen cannulae for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours (h). Parameters to describe the dynamics of ruminal degradability of DM and CP were obtained by fitting the data on the exponential equation P = a + b (1 - e-ct) using the NEWAY computer program, where “a” is the rapidly degradable fraction, “b” is the slowly degradable fraction and “c” is the outflow rate. The in vitro DM and CP degradability of rumen undegradable residue collected after 12, 24 and 48 h incubation was determined by sequential digestion in pepsin (abomasal) and pancreatin (small intestine) solutions. Fertilisation with bio-digester slurry increased (P <0.05) CP content of fresh cut Napier grass pre-ensilage. Bio-digester slurry fertilisation with molasses inclusion improved (P <0.05) the silage DM content which improved (P >0.05) fermentation characteristics with pH of 4.2 and lowest NH3-N of 13.3 g/kg. Other chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics were not affected (P >0.05) due to fertilisation x additives treatment combinations. No bio-digester slurry fertilisation with maize meal inclusion increased (P <0.01) DM degradability at 0 h incubation. As time progressed to 24 h, no biodigester slurry fertilisation with no additive included reduced (P <0.01) DM degradability with no difference (P >0.05) on other treatments. Potential DM degradability (a + b) of no bio-digester slurry fertilisation with no additive inclusion silage was reduced (P <0.01). The reduction was associated with low levels (P <0.01) of slowly degradable fraction “b”. In vitro DM and CP digestibility were not affected (P >0.05) due to fertilisation x additives treatment combinations. In conclusion, bio-digester slurry application improved the quality of fresh cut Napier grass, with the combination of bio-digester slurry fertilisation and molasses addition yielding the best silage quality.
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Book chapters on the topic "Digestibility in sacco method"

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Moorthy, S. N., M. S. Sajeev, R. P. K. Ambrose, and R. J. Anish. "Characterization and analysis of starches: methodology for starch analysis." In Tropical tuber starches: structural and functional characteristics, 228–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394811.0228.

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Abstract This chapter describes the general method for isolation of starch from tuber crops, the separation of amylose and amylopectin, and the determination of starch content. The methods for the determination of the physical, granular, chemical, structural, rheological and thermal properties of starch, in vitro starch digestibility, and starch derivatives are discussed.
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Hagemeister, H., M. Schmitz, and H. Erbersdobler. "Reliability and Limitations of the Homoarginine Method for Evaluation of Protein Digestibility in the Pig." In Milk Proteins, 68–71. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85373-9_7.

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Yıkmış, Seydi, Harun Aksu, Mehmet Alpaslan, and Osman Şimşek. "Probiotic Microorganisms and Encapsulation Method Approaches." In Microbial Cultures and Enzymes in Dairy Technology, 132–51. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5363-2.ch008.

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Nowadays, interest in probiotics, which are useful and necessary for healthy life, is rapidly increasing, and studies on the beneficial effects of probiotics on human health continue intensely. Every year, increasing efforts to prevent cancer, which has been anticipated, has increased the interest in probiotics and therefore synbiotics. Encapsulation methods are one of the most important protection methods currently used to ensure the viability of probiotics and their effectiveness. Especially milk and dairy products are used for many purposes such as increasing the shelf life, increasing the nutritional value, providing digestibility, shortening the ripening period, improving taste and aroma substances. The use of the microencapsulation technique alone can improve probiotic vitality. Combining microencapsulation with various food processing technologies is thought to help improve the vitality of probiotics in production and storage. In this chapter, probiotic microorganisms and encapsulation applications are explored.
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Kumar, Jitendra. "Microbial Hydrolysed Feather Protein as a Source of Amino Acids and Protein in the Diets of Animals Including Poultry." In Advances in Poultry Nutrition Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96925.

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Feathers are hard waste products, mainly composed of hard β-keratin, and are produced in large quantities in commercial poultry processing plants. Therefore, their industrial utilization is important economically as well as environmentally. Feathers degradation through keratinolytic microorganisms has been considered as an important method for efficient bioconversion, nutritional enhancement and eco-friendliness. The use of crude keratinase significantly increased the amino acid digestibility of raw feathers and commercial feather meal. This enzyme increased the digestibility of commercial feather meal and could replace as much as 7% of the dietary protein for growing chicks. However, feathers are currently utilized on a limited basis as a dietary protein supplement for animal feed because feather meal production is an expensive process, requiring significant amounts of energy. This review paper explains the nutritive value of feathers which makes suitable and inexpensive animal and poultry feed.
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"TABLE 11 Common Methods of Processing Sorghum for Use in Livestock Feed Category Type of process Procedure Characteristics Mechanical action Grinding/Rolling Particle size reduction using hammer, Most commonly used, least expensive. plate, pin, or roller mills. Increase feed efficiency and digestibility by 10-20% of whole grain. Wet process Reconstitution Increase grain moisture to 25-30%. Wet Improves feed efficiency about 10-15% grain is anaerobically stored for 2-3 over dry ground grain due to higher weeks prior to grinding and feeding. protein and energy digestibility. Early harvest Grain is harvested at 20-30% moisture Similar to reconstitution. and stored anaerobically or with organic acids (e.g., propionic). Grain is ground prior to or after storage. Soaking Soak grain in water for 12-24 h. Feed Tendency for grain to ferment or sour. whole or crush. Only limited use. Heat and moisture Steam-rolling Grain subjected to live steam (180°F) Slight increase over dry rolling. Reduces 3-5 min then rolled. fines and dust. Steam-flaking Grain exposed to high moisture steam Most common method in feedlots. Thin for 5-15 min to reach 18-20% flaking of sorghum increases moisture. Then grain is rolled to digestibility and feed efficiency equal desired flake thickness. to that of reconstitution. Pelleting Ground grain is conditioned with steam, Reduces dust, improves palatability, forced through a die, and pellets are uniformity, and handling of feeds. cooled. Prevents segregation of micronutrients. Exploding Grain exposed to high-pressure steam, Similar to puffing of cereals for breakfast the starch is gelatinized, the pressure foods. Feed efficiency is similar to is decreased, and rapid expansion of steam flaked or reconstituted grain. the kernel occurs. Hot dry heat Popping Hot, dry air expansion of grain. Bulk Ruptures endosperm increasing starch density is low. Density is increased availability. Feed efficiency is similar by spraying with water and rolling to steam flaking or reconstitution. sometimes. Micronizing Heat grain with gas-fired infrared Feed efficiency similar to steam flaking, burners to the point of eversion exploding or popping. Bulk density followed by rolling through a roller similar to steam-flaked grain. mill. From Refs. 14, 43, 44, and 86. sorghums, especially waxy endosperm types, have im-sorghum production is consumed directly by humans proved feed-processing properties [62]. [71,88]. Moist, dry, and semi-moist pet foods contain sorghum at For the production of most traditional foods, sorghum is various levels depending upon the formulation. The avail-decorticated using a wooden mortar and pestle. Hand-ability of new food-type sorghums with light color and decortication is a laborious chore generally done by house-bland flavor will lead to more use of sorghum in pet foods. wives. Sorghums with thick pericarp and hard endosperm are preferred because they are easier to decorticate [93]. In some instances, mechanical dehullers are used to service Xl. PROCESSING FOR FOOD small villages and urban areas. Milling yields are related to A. Traditional Food Systems kernel hardness, size, and shape. Most of the sorghums are milled to remove 10-30% of the original weight. The use Sorghum is processed into many different traditional foods of diesel or electrically powered abrasive mills for de-around the world (Table 12). About 30-40% of world hulling and grinding has been increasing slowly." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 180–92. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-21.

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