Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dioxine dérivé'
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Wörner, Ralf. "Oxydation du dibenzofurane : application à l'abattement des dioxines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL063N.
Full textCouturier, Cédric. "Polyuréthanes et polyurées à base de cyclodextrines, synthèses en milieu solvant et dioxyde de carbone supercritique : vers de nouveaux polymères supramoléculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0291/document.
Full textThis work aims at obtaining a polymeric material possessing complexation abilities thanks to cyclodextrins (CyD) within its framework and demonstrating the feasibility of the synthesis in supercritical CO2 medium (scCO2). Contrary to liquid medium, the polymerization of α-CyD and a diisocyanate in scCO2 shows only low conversion after 7 hours due to the possible complexation of the diisocyanate by the CyD, the insolubility of the CyD in scCO2 medium or insufficient time to achieve high conversion due to diminution of the reaction rate. New studies have to be done in order to confirm these hypothesis. The design of an original monomer which could be soluble in scCO2 thanks to acetyl groups fixed on the CyD and functionalized by 3 isocyanates, leads to a strong dependency of the molar mass with the concentration of monomers (up to 16.89 kg/mol at 50 %w of monomers) when reacted with a diaminoalkyle chain extender in solvent medium. In scCO2 medium, full conversion of this monomer is achieved, with higher molar masses obtained than in liquid medium at the same concentration. This demonstrates the potential of such a synthesis medium instead of organic solvents when design is well adapted. However, more experiments are needed to study the influence of concentration, temperature and pressure on larger scales to conclude in the interest of scCO2
Coufourier, Sebastien. "Valorisation des Dérivés Carboniques par hydrogénation : un challenge vers le développement de procédés éco-compatibles." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC230.
Full textThe use of carbon dioxide as a source of carbon C1 to produce chemical platforms or as a fuel source constitute an alternative to petrochemicals and could allow its recycling. Currently, the main described processes for the recycling and the valorization of CO2 are using reducing agents in stoichiometric amounts (which generates waste) or noble metals (limited availability, toxicity and high costs). In this environmental and economical race, one of the challenges of modern chemistry is the preparation of new organometallic iron complexes and their use in catalysis. Based on our expertise in the field of synthesis, catalysis and development of organometallic complexes, this work proposes to develop new fast, efficient, selective and eco-compatible methodologies for the reduction of carbon dioxide and carbonates by hydrogenation with bifunctional iron complexes
Yangkou, Mbianda Xavier. "Synthèse d'analogues de la phosphomycine." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20234.
Full textDesmons, Sarah. "Cycle de Calvin alternatif : catalyse chémo-enzymatique pour la transformation du dioxyde de carbone en carbohydrates et dérivés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30200.
Full textThe manuscript presents the conversion of carbon dioxide into C3 and C4 carbohydrates using stereocontrolled chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions. The process relies on a two-step strategy with (i) the catalytic and selective 4-electron reduction of CO2 into a bis(boryl)acetal derivative followed by (ii) the stereocontrolled bio-catalyzed C-C coupling of the bis(boryl)acetal derivative into carbohydrates. The strategy developed is unprecedented and represents a new exciting approach for the use of CO2 as a Cn source for the synthesis of valuable industrially relevant enantiomerically pure biomolecules. The first chapter is a bibliographic study describing (i) an introduction to carbohydrate chemistry with a special focus dedicated to the production of carbohydrates from CO2 and formaldehyde as C1 sources and (ii) the selective and catalytic four-electron reduction of CO2 using hydroborane and hydrosilane as reductants for the formation of bis(boryl)acetal and bis(silyl)acetal derivatives and their use as formaldehyde sources or formaldehyde surrogates for the synthesis of value-added product. The second chapter presents the synthesis and reactivity of bis(boryl)acetal and bis(silyl)acetal derivatives. Notably, a new isolable bis(boryl)acetal derivative was successfully synthesized and isolated on a gram scale. The third chapter describes the stereocontrolled bioconversion of the bis(boryl)acetal derivative synthetized from CO2 into carbohydrates. Notably, an enzymatic cascade reaction was performed for the production of an enantiomerically pure C4 carbohydrate using CO2 as the only carbon source
Meye, Biyogo Alex. "Stratégie radicalaire SRN1/Mn(OAc)3 sur des dérivés naphtoquinoniques à visée pharmacologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4750.
Full textThis work is focused on the research and development of new pharmacologicalmolecules in naphthoquinonic series, synthesized by single electron transfer reaction SRN1 ormanganese(III) acetate catalyzed oxidative radical cyclization. The first part describes the SRN1reactivity of 2-(chloromethyl)-3-methoxynaphthoquinone with various nitronate anions leading to theC-alkylation products. The reduction-cyclization reaction of the latter derivatives allowed us to obtainnew benzo[g]indol-5(3H)-one derivatives. In the second part, a new reaction initiated by Mn(OAc)3 on2-hydroxy-3-methylnaphthoquinone was developed under mild conditions. Indeed, the original reaction of2-hydroxy-3-methylnaphthoquinone with various aromatic alkenes in presence of dioxygen led to newdihydronaphtho[2,3-c][1,2]dioxine-5,10(3H,10aH)-dione derivatives as a mixture of diastereoisomerswith antimalarial potential. An original mechanism was proposed in order to explain the formation ofthese products
Medehouenou, Thierry Comlan Marc. "Mesures plasmatiques de composés de type dioxine réalisées chez les Inuit du Nunavik à l'aide du bioessai DR-CALUX." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25573/25573.pdf.
Full textBakaï, Marie-France. "Développement d’un procédé de réduction des sulfites dans les vins." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0374/document.
Full textSO2 is an additive used in enology for its antiseptic, antioxidant and antioxydasic properties. It is introduced in wines in large quantities due to its high binding power with carbonyl compounds, which limits its activity. The maximum SO2 content authorized is notalways enough to avoid fermentative phenomena during wine storage. The main objective of this project was to develop a method to reduce the sulfur dioxide concentration in wines byeliminating some of carbonyl compounds responsible for the SO2 binding. The method used was solid-phase extraction (SPE). It involves interactions between a liquid and a porous solid support modified with an extractive function. Previous work allowed to select hydrazine andsulfonylhydrazine as extractive reagents. These functions were fixed on organic polymersupports according to two routes : functionnalization of commercial sulfonic resins and suspension copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (followed by the functionnalization). The solid supports obtained were characterized in order to validate the functionnalization.Then selective extractions were executed on model solutions. The diminution of carbonylcompounds concentration and SO2 content was showed by those experiments. The presence of contaminants in the solutions was investigated before applying the method to wine
Peyrot, Fabienne. "Réactions des espèces réactives de l'azote dérivées du monoxyde d'azote avec la mélatonine et quelques indoles apparentés : implications biologiques." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112115.
Full textNitrogen monoxide (no), the enzymatic product of no-synthases in mammals, is an important biological mediator. Its oxidized and reduced derivatives are also thought to play a role in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation. . . Yet, most of the underlying chemical mechanisms are still unknown. Melatonin, a tryptophan-derived hormone in mammals, is well-known for its scavenging of reactive oxygen species. It was chosen here as a model compound to study the reactions of reactive nitrogen species : peroxynitrite (onoo-), nitrogen dioxide (no2), nitroxyl (hno). . . The reaction of onoo- with melatonin leads to the formation of mixtures of oxidation products (indol-2-ones, pyrroloindoles, kynuramines), of c-nitration products and of two n-substitution products : 1-nitro- and 1-nitrosomelatonins. Their yields vary according to physicochemical conditions (ph, co2 concentration). First, peroxynitrite-derived radicals oxidize melatonin and form melatoninyl radical. Then the latter recombines with peroxynitrite-derived onoo or no2 radicals. Nitrosation of melatonin is the main transformation observed in aqueous solution with no2 in the presence of no2- and with no or hno in the presence of o2. 1-nitrosomelatonin is unstable in aqueous solution and behaves as an no-donor with potential therapeutics applications. This work provided a better understanding of the physicochemical properties and of the biological activity of this compound. Its vasorelaxing and mutagenic properties were expected for an no-donor. Its antioxidant effect and its ability to increase stimulated release of acetylcholine in the brain may allow a therapeutic approach of alzheimer's disease
Husson, Éric. "Synthèse de dérivés fonctionnels de petits peptides par voie enzymatique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL061N/document.
Full textThe present work consisted in studying the N and/or O-enzymatic acylation of amino alcohols and dipeptides. A preliminary study was firstly undertaken about the enzymatic acylation of a bifunctionnal model molecule, 6-amino-1-hexanol and demonstrated the ability of the lipase B of Candida antarctica to catalyze the acylation of this substrate in different reaction media. The reaction performed in organic solvents (hexane, 2-methyl-2-butanol) allowed to the synthesis of the diacylated product with a substrate conversion yield of 85 %, showing the absence of chimio-selectivity of the reaction. The use of a solvent-free system constituted of free fatty acid and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide permitted to orientate the selectivity of the reaction in favour of the O-acylation. Ionic liquids with imidazolium cation and few nucleophilic anions led to a substrate conversion of 99 % and to maintain the absence of chemo-selectivity observed in organic solvents. Then, the study focused on the acylation of model dipeptides like Lys-Ser, HCl and Ser-Leu. Results relative to the acylation of Lys-Ser, HCl catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica immobilized showed a selectivity in favour of the acylation of the e-amino function independently of the reaction medium. The Ser-Leu O-acylation permitted to demonstrate the influence of the molecular environment (electro-attractor C terminal carboxylic group) on the reactivity of the serine hydroxyl function. Finally, the enzymatic acylation of a bioactive dipeptide was catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica immobilized in organic solvent and by the acyl-transferase of Candida parapsilosis in lipid-aqueous biphasic medium. The acylation of carnosine allowed the N-oleyl carnosine synthesis. The acylation of carnosine did not affect its xanthine oxydase inhibition activity and seemed to improve its superoxyde anion scavenging property
Borniol, Mervyn de. "Photosensibilisation d'oxydes semi-conducteurs par des dérivés organostanniques du pérylène -3,4-dicarboximideApplication à la conversion photovoltaïque." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13310.
Full textBlasi, Mélanie. "Extraction liquide-solide sélective en milieu hydroalcoolique : application à la réduction du pouvoir de combinaison des vins blancs liquoreux." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13098.
Full textImberdis, Arnaud. "Réactions d’interconversion catalytiques entre composés C1 : CO2, CO, acide formique, méthanol, méthane et dérivés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS306/document.
Full textOur society has grown considerably thanks to the use of fossil resources. The use of these resources, in the field of energy or the chemical industry, leads to a disruption of the natural carbon cycle caused by the accumulation of an anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere. To overcome this issue, one of the conceivable solutions is to gradually abandon fossil hydrocarbons in favor of renewable carbon resources such as CO₂ for the storage of renewable energies and / or as a source of chemical products. The first building blocks obtained from CO2 are one carbon atom containing molecules, known as C1 compounds. It includes methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), methanol (CH3OH), formic acid (HCOOH). These reactions are limited by their practicality, their yield or by their selectivity. Therefore, they are not an ideal solution to the initial problem. In this context, this doctoral work has explored alternative ways of interconverting these compounds to offer CO2 recovery pathways. In the first place, the use of HCOOH was proposed as a CO vector. This topic is born of the growing interest for the organic chemistry sector to obtain liquid or solid sources of CO. In a second step, a new disproportionation strategy was developed to access CH3OH from HCOOH derivatives, the silicon formates. These reagents allow to avoid the thermodynamic limitation related to the disproportionation of HCOOH. The control of the silylated by-products recycling enabled the success of this transformation. A new CH4 production route was also developed from CH3OH using HCOOH as a reducing agent. Finally, the knowledge acquired on CO2 activation and reactivity enabled a transposition by analogy to other iso-electronic molecules, including carbodiimides in order to form the isoureas under organocatalytic conditions
Jouffret, Laurent. "Synthèse hydrothermale d’uranyle-vanadates et d’uranyle-phosphates : influence des amines et dimensionnalité des arrangements inorganiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10065/document.
Full textSolid state chemistry of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds containing uranium has been enriched recently by a multiplication of papers dealing with two and three dimensional inorganic materials. This work deals with hydrothermal synthesis of compounds in the uranyl-phosphate-amine and uranyl-vanadate-amine systems. Determination of their structure was done by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. Their thermal stability was also studied. According to the pH of the initial solutions, and nature of the amine used, different families of compounds appear. With a basic pH, the obtained compounds are two dimensional with the layers corresponding to those found in naturally occurring phases, such as carnotite type layer for the uranyl-vanadate system and autunite for the uranyl-phosphate system. With an acidic pH, compounds with three dimensional frameworks are stabilized by the presence of the amines. The frameworks result from uranophane type uranyl-vanadate or uranyl-phosphate layers connected by uranyl pillars. They display different U/V or U/P ratios depending on the geometric isomer of the uranophane layer. Identification of new geometric isomers has led to a simple classification of the isomers which helps to their comparison and to the understanding of their formation. Finally, using ethylene diamine in the uranyl-phosphate system reduces in situ uranium (VI) into uranium (IV) and forms a uranium (IV) phosphate in which the uranium-phosphate layers alternate with diprotonated ethylene diamine layers
Bahlaouan, Zineb. "Réactivité cupro-catalysée des systèmes mono, di et triiodés porteurs d'une fonction acide carboxylique ou dérivée : applications à la synthèse de nouveaux hétérocycles." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4035/document.
Full textHeterocycles of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur are patterns found in many natural products possessing interesting biological activities. Several researchers describe the synthesis of oxygen and nitrogen based heterocycles using transition metals as catalyst.In the present study, we focused initially on the copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[3',4':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-1-ones by a tandem coupling-heterocyclisation reaction from derivatives of 3-iodo-, 3,6- or (3,8) diiodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid and terminal alkynes in the presence of copper (I) salts as catalyst in DMF. This procedure does not require the use of any expensive transition metal complexes like palladium and supplement any additives. The extension of this methodology to 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid allowed the regioselective synthesis of new isocoumarins substituted in positions 3, 5 and 7. Regioselective reactivity of iodine atoms in position 5 and 7 has been studied by palladium coupling reactions and nucleophilic substitution to broad its synthesis to a wide variety of new substituted isocoumarins
Godou, Timothé. "Mimer la chimie des hydrosilanes et hydroboranes par l’activation catalytique de dérivés silylés et borés de l’acide formique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS307/document.
Full textGlobal energy needs are mostly covered by the use of fossil fuels such as oil, coal or gas. The use of these fossil resources in the field of energy or the chemical industry causes a high accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and causes climatic disturbances. In addition to posing a major ecological problem, these fossil resources are not renewable and will pose a problem of availability in the long term. To overcome these difficulties, one possible solution is to limit or even stop the use of fossil resources in favor of renewable carbon sources such as CO2 or biomass. These resources could be used as a source of chemicals and / or storage of intermittent energies. These uses require the conversion of oxygenates with C=O (such as CO2) and C–O (such as biomass) and require energy input into reduction reactions. Few reducers are compatible with this use which requires the use of compounds both renewable and having a redox potential adapted to the reduction of C–O bonds. These are essentially dihydrogen and formic acid. In this context, this doctoral work aims to define and meet the specifications of a renewable reducer. In the first place, the use of silyl formates is explored, through reactions mimicking the behavior of hydrosilanes. This strategy is used in dehydrogenating coupling reactions and for the reduction of ketones by transfer hydrosilylation. Finally, this concept is transposed to transfer hydroboration with the use of boryl mono formate compounds and a catalyst involving a participative ligand. The boryl and silyl formates thus appear as attractive renewable reducers, which combine a source of renewable hydride (formic acid) with an oxophilic element of the main group whose stereo-electronic properties are easily adjustable
Akmansoy, Eric. "Verrouillage par injection des lasers impulsionnels TEA CO₂ : résonateurs stables et instables." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112235.
Full textThis thesis is divided into three parts. The first part gives the theorical elements of the study respectively related to i) The kinetics C0₂ amplifier medium. Ii) The description of resonator modes. Iii) The CW injection of pulsed lasers. In the second part are reported the realization of a 1-10 J TEA C0₂ laser, its optical and electrical characterization, the injection-locking results for varions configurations and their comparison with theory. As the major point, the performance of stable- and unstable resonator TEA C0₂ lasers are compared in the case of CW single-mode injection. The heterodyne detection of the pulses allows to measure the main characteristics of single-mode injection-locking : the locking band-width and the minimum injection intensity. Other injection schemes are considered. I) The CW single mode injection in a ring resonator. Ii) The two transverse mode injection in a laser with an unstable resonator. The third part of the thesis is a detailed study of intra-pulse frequency variations and the refractive index effects in the amplifier medium. In the course of this work, new performances have been obtained of great interest for LIDAR applications. Lt is the first time that 5 μS 1 J single longitudinal mode pulses are obtained at 10 μm with unstable resonator lasers for injected powers as low as 200nW. Lt is also demonstrated that the frequency chirping can be considerably reduced. Finally it is the first time that two longitudinal mode operation of a high energy laser is controlled with the injection of a weak signal into the laser cavity
Sarrade, Stéphane. "Etude du couplage de l'extraction par CO2 supercritique avec la séparation par membrane de nanofiltration." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20259.
Full textKhalil, Waël. "Développement d'un appareil automatisé de mesure simultanée d'équilibres de phases et de propriétés volumétriques. Exploitation des données volumétriques pour le calcul prédictif de grandeurs thermodynamiques dérivées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002584.
Full textLoubert, Gaël. "Etude de la précipitation quantitative de l’uranium(VI) et du plutonium(IV) en milieu acide nitrique par de nouveaux ligands organiques." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R074.
Full textDue to the uranium natural resource depletion and the high growth in energy requirements, the fourth-generation nuclear power plants, with FNR, which involve the uranium and plutonium recycling, can be a future appropriate industrial route. Nonetheless, these evolutions modify potentially the spent fuel reprocessing. Furthermore, U(VI) and Pu(IV) precipitation, without any valency adjustment, would provide an answer to the efficiency and safety demands. In this context, the present work is interested in new organic ligands research allowing the quantitative precipitation of uranium(VI) and plutonium (IV) in a concentrated acid medium. The whole studies led to the identification of new organic ligands, and these new ligands are able to massively precipitate uranium(VI) in a nitric acid medium. Among these identified molecules, the oxalic acid/NCP ligands association has been used to precipitate both of these two actinides. A determination of the precipitate has been done in order to identify the structures and the morphologies of the precipitate. The solubility measurements over time have allowed to assess the fast precipitating kinetic and the very low solubility of the precipitated component. Finally, the thermal treatment of the precipitate gives rise to the formation of actinides oxides whose properties match the requirements of the fuel shaping step. The extension of these results made it possible to offer an innovating conversion process of both actinides in a nitric acid medium and that without any valency adjustment, which fit to all the conditions of the requirement specifications of the spent fuel reprocessing for the fourth generation of nuclear reactors
Salembier, Hélori. "Développement de catalyseurs supportés pour la synthèse directe du méthylmercaptan à partir de CO/H2/H2S et CO2/H2/H2S." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10207.
Full textIn the field of chemistry, industrial research is committed to the development of environmentally friendly synthesis strategies. Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is a precursor to methionine whose worldwide demand is steadily growing. It is currently produced by a catalytic reaction between H2S and methanol. Due to the production of methanol involving multiple reaction steps, the direct synthesis of methyl mercaptan from syngas (CO/H2) and H2S or from (CO2/H2) and H2S (assuming a CO2 recycling) appears as a financially attractive industrial process. This work focused on the development of new catalysts for this reaction, specifically on identifying and quantifying the active phase of different catalytic systems. Studies on the effects of molybdenum loading, calcination procedures and copper and/or zinc doping were carried out on an alumina-supported potassium-molybdenum catalyst. Others metal oxide carriers were also employed, remarkably improving catalytic performances. Catalytic tests were performed with a micro-pilot reactor operated in near-industrial conditions. Catalysts were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission emission microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, evidencing the presence of a significant lamellar 1T-MoS2 type phase, intercalated by potassium ions. Quantification of this intercalated phase was correlated with methyl mercaptan productivity, demonstrating its role as the catalytically active phase which drives methyl mercaptan direct synthesis
Joly, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse d'éthers-couronnes osidiques et leur fixation sur support chromatographique en vue de la séparation d'énantiomères." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10019.
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