Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Direction absolue du regard'
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Dericquebourg, Guy. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie de conception des interfaces opérateur incluant une commande visuelle." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9ce4fb47-1fb5-4c7e-9549-bd476a4b84de.
Full textChamman, M'hamed. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation d'un oculomètre pour la mesure et le traitement automatique de la direction absolue du regard d'un opérateur humain au travail." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603795j.
Full textChammam, M'hamed. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation d'un oculomètre pour la mesure et le traitement automatique de la direction absolue du regard d'un opérateur humain au travail." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f274126e-4c0a-4e2a-92d9-288adfd36514.
Full textLablack, Adel. "Estimation du regard dans un environnement contrôlé." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841161.
Full textDahmane, Afifa. "Estimation du regard à partir de la vidéo." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10010/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to estimate the pose of a human head frommonocular images. The goal is to have a feedback from the user on the direction of hisgaze, and this is done in a non-intrusive manner. This area of research is very activegiven the evolution of the communication interfaces between a human and a machine,especially as many challenges are still there. In particular, the robustness of the system,its invariance to the identity of individuals and enlightenment.The approach we propose is based on the bilateral symmetry of the face. We usefeatures extracted from the symmetry to estimate head pose through learning. Thefeatures used are geometric but extracted holistically from the whole texture of the face,without the need for specifc points or contours.These features have been experimentally validated by means of publicly availabledatabases of images and videos dedicated to head pose estimation. Supervised learningand regression have been used to build models of poses. These models have been testedon video sequences different from the bases used for learning. The estimation error hasbeen calculated and the results are superior or equivalent to the state of the art
Massé, Benoît. "Etude de la direction du regard dans le cadre d'interactions sociales incluant un robot." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM055/document.
Full textRobots are more and more used in a social context. They are required notonly to share physical space with humans but also to interact with them. Inthis context, the robot is expected to understand some verbal and non-verbalambiguous cues, constantly used in a natural human interaction. In particular,knowing who or what people are looking at is a very valuable information tounderstand each individual mental state as well as the interaction dynamics. Itis called Visual Focus of Attention or VFOA. In this thesis, we are interestedin using the inputs from an active humanoid robot – participating in a socialinteraction – to estimate who is looking at whom or what.On the one hand, we want the robot to look at people, so it can extractmeaningful visual information from its video camera. We propose a novelreinforcement learning method for robotic gaze control. The model is basedon a recurrent neural network architecture. The robot autonomously learns astrategy for moving its head (and camera) using audio-visual inputs. It is ableto focus on groups of people in a changing environment.On the other hand, information from the video camera images are used toinfer the VFOAs of people along time. We estimate the 3D head poses (lo-cation and orientation) for each face, as it is highly correlated with the gazedirection. We use it in two tasks. First, we note that objects may be lookedat while not being visible from the robot point of view. Under the assump-tion that objects of interest are being looked at, we propose to estimate theirlocations relying solely on the gaze direction of visible people. We formulatean ad hoc spatial representation based on probability heat-maps. We designseveral convolutional neural network models and train them to perform a re-gression from the space of head poses to the space of object locations. Thisprovide a set of object locations from a sequence of head poses. Second, wesuppose that the location of objects of interest are known. In this context, weintroduce a Bayesian probabilistic model, inspired from psychophysics, thatdescribes the dependency between head poses, object locations, eye-gaze di-rections, and VFOAs, along time. The formulation is based on a switchingstate-space Markov model. A specific filtering procedure is detailed to inferthe VFOAs, as well as an adapted training algorithm.The proposed contributions use data-driven approaches, and are addressedwithin the context of machine learning. All methods have been tested on pub-licly available datasets. Some training procedures additionally require to sim-ulate synthetic scenarios; the generation process is then explicitly detailed
Guetat-Calabrese, Narjès. "Diriger une maison d'enfants à caractère social : regard clinique sur la fonction de direction." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100160.
Full textThis thesis focusses on the role of leadership in Children’s Social Care Homes (MECS) and on the analysis of the psychological sources which underlie this role. The work is done as part of a clinical approach from a psychoanalytical position. Based on clinical interviews conducted with directors of MECS, the researcher proposes to take a clinical look at the different aspects of this function. The thesis is organised in three parts : the first part traces the professional journey of the researcher and shows the evolution of her position in a clinical approach to psychoanalytical orientation, first as a professional and then as a researcher. The second part presents an overview of child protection as well as the specificities of the “MECS” as institutions of care (mesinscription) linked to the characteristics of the adolescents they welcome. Based on the reading of several works on the function of leadership in this type of institutions and using her own experience as a director of a MECS countertransferentially, the researcher analyses the outlines of the definition of this function. The third and final part is dedicated to the analysis of the interviews and putting into the perspective of these analyses in which are advanced hypotheses for understanding of the conscious and unconscious stakes process of “déliaison” in such an institution and to the dualism of the impulse to life/impulse to death
Papin, Jean-Paul. "Utilisation des enregistrements de la direction du regard dans l'apprentissage de la prise d'information visuelle." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H093.
Full textFirst, we relate previous researches dealing with means of gaze recording, and results about pick up of visual information. This shows : - for subjects performing a specific task, the existence of common visual behaviour, related to particular competence level, - that these features are partly unconscious acquisitions during training, - that for different tasks, strategies with common points and optimal performance are evidenced. Then, are presented the researches that test following assumption : "presentation, explanation and or laying down to students of experts "behaviour and strategies for visual pick up information must improve quality of training". These researches deal with : - educational use of audiovisual documents, including gaze recordings collected in two tasks : piloting helicopter, and radiophotograph diagnosis, - laying down, to students, of exploratory behaviour estimated as optimal for learning by means of mirror drawing. The results evidence that, in all cases, task performing speed is increased, but accuracy does not change, or becomes worse than for students who have note performed this training. In conclusion, we propose, to cure this absence of positive effect on accuracy, to continue this way of research by presenting or laying down to students visual behaviour, corresponding to "necessary ways" evidenced during usual training
Lesne, Laurence. "Inclinaison horizontale du corps en décubitus dorsal et verticale subjective : direction du regard et référence égocentrée." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29056.
Full textThis study approaches the role of the gaze and the egocentric reference (Z) in the subjective vertical perception (VS) in supine position. This paradigm consists in placing a subject fiat back, modifying the body direction in the horizontal plane and making estimate the SV in rolling. Three assumptions explain this result: (a) the subject projects subjective Z in the vertical plane in order to pair it with its VS, (b) he projects its VS in pitching, result of a gravito-idiotropic combination, (c) the error in rolling is caused by the gaze deviation creates by the supine position. The experimental study of these 3 assumptions leads to give a fundamental role at the gaze direction in the SV estimate in supine position especially by the interdependence of Z axis and gaze axis. So, a re-interpretation of body tilt effects like dissociation between egocentric space and oculocentric space brings a new explanation to the dichotomy Aubert-effect vs Müller-effect. To finish, results show a subjectivo-cephalo-dependent egocentric adjustment procedure. This points to a left egocentric cephalo-centered deviation caused by an implicit left deviation of gaze related to the usual direction of space ocular scanning. Thus, egocentric space bias would be only the manifestation of the deviation of oculocentric space related to the oculomotor process, and body tilt effects would originate in only one mis-knowledge of the dissociation of oculocentric and egocentric space
Charbonnier, Colette. "La commande oculaire : étude et validation expérimentale d'interfaces homme-machine controlées par la direction du regard." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10120.
Full textBertin, Thomas. "Bases neurales de l'attention sélective auditive : influence de l'orientation de l'attention et de la direction du regard." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN3096.
Full textAdil, Safaa. "Influence de la présence d’un personnage, d’un visage et de la direction du regard en communication publicitaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G025.
Full textThis research aims to examine the influence of the presence in a print advertisement of a character, a face or a gaze direction (gaze directed toward the product versus gaze directed toward the observer) on attention toward the advertisement, the memorization and the evaluation of the advertisement content. To test our hypotheses, four experiments were conducted. In one of these experiments an eye-tracker has been used to better measure attentional processes. In order to approach the ordinary conditions of exposure to advertising, print advertisements were inserted in a fictive magazine (folder test procedure). The results show that the presence of the character or the face (versus their absence) and the gaze directed toward the product (versus gaze directed toward the observer) improve the attention toward the advertisement, the memorization and the assessment of advertisement content
Song, Guanghan. "Effet du son dans les vidéos sur la direction du regard : contribution à la modélisation de la saillance audiovisuelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875651.
Full textConty, Laurence. "De la perception de la direction du regard à la perception du contact visuel : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques chez l'Homme." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/140534822#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIntuitively, eye contact is seen as an essential cue during social interactions. The empirical examination of gaze behaviour in human beings suggests that eye contact is a key of the development of social representations. This PhD thesis aims at determining whether direct gaze (that establishes eye contact with the subject) triggers particular perceptive processes and can be conceptualized as a natural category of social stimulus in human adult perception. This issue is tackled from the perspectives of cognitive neuroscience and social psychology. Within this framework, a category of social stimuli refers to three criteria: i) the perception of these stimuli must induce particular cognitive processes; ii) it must be associated to some specific cerebral markers; iii) it must induce automatic behavioural responses. The studies presented explore these three criteria successively, with behavioural and electrophysiological experiments. Overall, all the studies confirm the existence of processing asymmetries during the perception of direct versus averted gaze. These asymmetries result in prioritizing gaze contact processing in the competition for cognitive resources. Finally, our results concords with a model of the development of social abilities which postulates the existence of a cognitive module specialized in mutual attention, and they confirm that among all gaze directions, gaze contact constitute a special stimulus category
Chadwick, Michèle. "Cognitive mechanisms underlying the determining of relevance : the causal role of body states." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080036/document.
Full textGiven the quantity of information with which we are constantly confronted, our survival depends on the ability to rapidly detect and attend to what is most relevant. To this end, our brains have evolved to trigger changes in our affective state in response to relevant objects and events, which inform us of their existence and of their nature. While body-induced affective states impact the perception of congruent emotional stimuli, it is still unknown whether body-induced affective states influence the manner in which the relevance of external stimuli is determined and therefore perceived. Here, we examined the role that socially meaningful transient body states play in the evaluation of relevance of facial displays of threat. In a series of behavioral experiments, we modulated participants’ body state, instructing them to hold dominant or non-dominant postures prior to behavioral tests, in which we varied the degree of relevance of the stimuli and the focus of attention. We first demonstrated that these body postures, in accordance with the social status they embody, influenced the evaluation of the relevance of threatening facial displays. Moreover, this impact occurred where facial displays were processed implicitly, highlighting the saliency of these social cues. Overall, our studies demonstrate, that body states, not only influence the evaluation of relevance, but determine it, as otherwise relevant social cues, were no longer evaluated as such. These findings suggest that body states interact with affective states to signal which social cues are relevant to the observer
Tison, Charles. "Mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'interactions multimodales orientées communication appliquées au déplacement d'objets graphiques 3D." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008005.
Full textHelo, Andrea. "Scene exploration during development : influence of perceptual features and semantic context on visual attention." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB205/document.
Full textThis dissertation investigated developmental mechanism underlying scene exploration. The results showed that ambient and focal attention strategies emerge by 12 months of age. Saliency guided eye movements more in children younger than 6 years compared with older children. Additionally, objects that were semantically inconsistent with the scene context equally attracted the gaze in young children and adults. Children were, however, attracted faster to high salient than to low salient objects. High-producers looked longer to consistent objects than low-producers while both groups looked equally long to inconsistent objects. The N400 ERP component was more pronounced for inconsistent than for consistent scene-word pairs. Low-producers exhibited a later N400 effect over the right frontal recording sites while in high-producers the N400 effect was observed earlier over the left frontal sites. Our results suggest that eye movement control during scene viewing mature from infancy to childhood. Even though ambient and focal modes are present in early infancy, scene exploration is dominated by focal mode. Additionally, young children use scene context, similarly to adults, in guidance of their visual attention. However, during early stages of development saliency has a stronger effect on gaze allocation compared with adults. Visual attention was also influenced by linguistic skills in young children
Durand, Jean-Baptiste. "Traitement cortical de l'espace visuel tridimentionnel dans l'aire visuelle primaire du singe vigile." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125420.
Full textPar des enregistrements extra-cellulaires réalisés chez le singe vigile, nous montrons que la disparité horizontale est codée de façon préférentielle dans la représentation fovéale du champ visuel du cortex visuel primaire (aire V1). En périphérie, les interactions fortes entre disparités horizontales et verticales et leur lien étroit avec la sélectivité à l'orientation (en accord avec le modèle d'énergie binoculaire) suggèrent leur implication dans la construction du percept stéréoscopique dans les zones excentrées du champ visuel. De plus les modulations de l'activité visuelle des neurones par la direction du regard que nous observons dans l'aire V1 également, nous permettent de conclure que le cortex visuel primaire participe aux mécanismes neuronaux de reconstruction de l'espace tridimensionnel.
Bourrelly, Aurore. "Influences égocentrées sur la perception de l'espace géocentré : objectivation au travers de l'estimation du franchissement d'obstacles hauts." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22046.
Full textPerceiving space is a relevant task in determining our relationships with the environment. In behavioral neuroscience, investigating this spatial relationship can classically be explored with two theoretical approaches. The first one uses direct perception to describe the spatial relationships, involving affordances (i.e. the action ability naturally offer by the environment). The other one investigates the cognitive aspect of perception implying the use of spatial representation process. The later one traduces the existence of represented states which can be described through the interaction of different stable states called spatial reference frames. The present work investigates the contribution of the egocentric reference frame (body-related) on the perception of the geocentric space (earth-based). This was questioned through two research lines, (i) the origin of egocentric influence previously observed in darkness upon geocentric perception, (ii) the existence of the egocentric phenomenon in an enriched visual scene. To answer these questions, four experiments were conducted where the paradigm of passing under high obstacles was used. Overall, these results stress the powerful and complex aspect of the egocentric phenomenon observed upon geocentric perception. This work, discussed in term of interpenetrability between reference frames, provide an interesting support on the way how spatial reference frames are used in perceiving space
Bergeron, Bonnelly Laura. "L’apport respectif des habiletés politiques et du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle en regard de la santé psychologique en emploi des directions d’établissement scolaire." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23479.
Full textPsychological health at work is a subject of interest in Quebec because of is many important repercussions on workers and organizations. Among the different sectors of activity, workers in the education sector, more specifically school principals, have a lower level of psychological health than the general population. Professional responsibilities composed of relational conflicts and overwork, generate a psychological cost for these workers. It is therefore important to identify ways to improve and maintain good psychological health. The Employment Resource Requests model suggests that resources interact with demands to reduce the negative impact of demands on psychological health in employment. The aim of the thesis will be to validate the protective effect of certain resources according to the main causes of poor health of school management. Indeed, some resources would be more appropriate depending on the characteristics of the job. Considering that their psychological state of health is mainly caused by relational conflicts and the overload of work experienced in employment, political skills and the feeling of personal efficiency were retained as resources. Indeed, previous studies show that having a high level of political skills would protect relational difficulties, while the feeling of self-efficacy proved useful in the face of a large workload. From this perspective, the first article aims to study the factorial structure of the dimensions of the inventory of political skills in a management position and more specifically school management. An earlier study of managers shows that the tool is deployed in five factors in this population. The findings indicate that the tool is deployed in four factors for a population of principals, such as the original tool validated with a non-executive population. The second article validates the role of political skills as a personal resource to minimize the adverse effect of interpersonal conflict on psychological health in employment, in line with the employment demand model. Self-efficacy will also be considered as a personal resource to counter the effect of job demands on psychological health in employment. The results find that only the dimension of political skills, social trick, moderates the relationship between anxiety and job demands.