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1
Ahamad, Shaik Fasi. "A Case Study on Implementation and Growth of the Self- Employment Among Men and Women in India." Technoarate Transactions on Entrepreneurship and International Business 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/tteib/01.01.art001.
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The article mentions an aspect of gender equality through offering employment to both men and women. Self-employment is the key to gender equality that helps to improve the financial condition of the nation. In the past, women in India have faced financial issues due to gender discrimination. Along with that, this research study has discussed the implementation and growth of self-employment among men and women in India. In the nation self-employment has helped to increase the financial profit of the organization. Along with that, the Indian government has taken different schemes that help to increase self-employment rate that help to improve social structure in India. Keyword :Self-employment, Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM, Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
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K. Mishra, Utkarsh, and Abhishek Negi. "Transgender and the Right to Employment in India: Analysing the Trajectories of Discrimination." BESTUUR 9, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v9i1.51997.
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<p>This research aims to investigate the trajectories of discrimination these communities face in the employment sector. While doing so, the authors have emphasized that despite a clear mandate of ‘Right to Work’ in the Constitution of India, policymakers, governments, and the Indian judiciary too has been keen only on laying down framework only concerning ‘Rights at work.’ In this sense, the authors opine that India presently lacks a clear employment non-discrimination framework. Even almost all the labor laws of India stipulate rights and duties post-recruitment scenario. There is an apparent lack of pre-recruitment guidelines. In this light, the authors see the Supreme Court’s recent judgment in the NALSA case recognizing the Transgenders as ‘third gender’ and the efforts of the Indian Parliament to frame a law on the protection of the rights of the transgender people as a silver lining in the cloud. This paper highlights the underpinnings of this development by still emphasizing that something needs to be done more on the front.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Keywords:</strong> Transgenders; Employment; India.</p>
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Deb, Surajit. "Employment Opportunities Across Social Classes in Rural India." Social Change 49, no. 1 (March 2019): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718821784.
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In the second part of the Social Change Indicator series, we provide information from government survey data on the work opportunities for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and non-SC-ST class in the rural India. 1 Our data refers to 18 states which covers more than 95 per cent of the SC or ST population in the country. The generation of employment continues to remain one of the key political economic challenges in India despite the achievements of its high economic growth rates in the past two decades. The problem remains complicated due to the nature of the country’s labour market that is characterised by skill shortages, dominance of low-paid jobs in the informal and unorganised sectors and vulnerable employments. The government has recently set up a task force to address deficiencies in the existing data on employment and plans to outline a National Employment Policy (NEP) for the creation of quality jobs through economic, social and labour policy interventions. The NEP claims that it will also provide a much-needed focus on equal access to employment opportunities for marginalised sections like the SCs and STs by identifying skill shortages, training needs and available employment opportunities. Given social class differences in India, it is sometimes hypothesised that social exclusion and discrimination remain a common phenomenon in the labour market of different states in India.
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Sumanta Bhattacharya and Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev. "Women and the employment sector in India – A Review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0996.
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Women constitute half of the population in India women development and empowerment is the pillar to enhance the economy of India. If India includes 50 % of the women into the workforce the annual growth can reach from1.5 % GDP to 9 %. Just because half of the population is kept away from the workforce, our development is slow. Gender inequality is the main drawback of the Indian society, which has made India remained underdeveloped in many ways. Traditional values and orthodox mentality has never allowed India developed internally. Poverty and hunger is also the product of gender inequality in India, women discrimination at the workplace, there is less payment for more work no social security they are becoming victims of sexual exploitation where as there are some states which are very safe for women like Pune Chandigarh where the police is in charge of making the city safe for women and girl. It is very necessary for the starting to promote gender equality at the school level, people should taught on sex education, violence, sexual violence, there should be more coed schools where both girls and boy study together strict rules and regulation in the society with women police available for the safety of women.
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BAIRWA, ARUN KUMAR, JADHAV CHAKRADHAR, and PRITEE SHARMA. "EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION IN INDIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: A LOGIT ANALYSIS." Singapore Economic Review 65, supp01 (February 7, 2020): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081944003x.
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Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in a society reduce the chances of employment for its weaker sections. In India, those most affected by inequality and discrimination are women, people of lower castes, rural households and illiterate people. This necessitates an analysis of the levels of discrimination and favoritism working against female, lower caste, rural and illiterate individuals in different manufacturing industries. This study presents an in-depth picture of employment in each industry with regard to the four variables selected — gender, caste, location and education. Fourth (2013–2014) and fifth (2015–2016) annual Employment and Unemployment Surveys have been used for the analysis.
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Nainar, Vahida. "The Legal Struggle of Gujarat Muslims to Access Pre-Matric Scholarships." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 27, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02704002.
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Social and economic backwardness of Muslims in India in various fields, such as employment, education, housing and access to infrastructure, is well-documented, particularly in the Sachar Committee Report. Despite the constitutional promise of equality and non-discrimination, discrimination in various forms is the lived reality of Indian Muslims. Growing anti-Muslim prejudice in society and in the institutions of the State is responsible for Muslims’ inability to realise their rights to equality and non-discrimination. Often there is a legal struggle to enforce constitutionally guaranteed rights and access benefits in welfare schemes. This article discusses the legal struggle to access the pre-matric scholarship under the Prime Minister’s 15 Point Programme when the State of Gujarat refused to implement the scheme.
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Soren, Chunuram. "RESERVATION IN INDIA: RHETORIC AND REALITY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13149.
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Reservation is always contentious and sentimental issue and raises many concerns of the people. The policy of reservation and safeguards provided to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes has adversely affected the unity and solidarity of the nation. Reservation in India is all about reserving access to seats in the government jobs, educational institutions and even legislatures to certain sections of the population. The reservation can also be seen as positive discrimination. Reservation in India is a government policy, backed by the Indian Constitution. Part XVI deals with reservation of SC and ST in Central and state legislature. The need for reservation can be looked from legal and socio-cultural perspective. The act of reservation is reserving seats in educational institutions, certain places of employment for certain castes and classes of society which are considered backward, those being the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes. Reservation is an effective measure to end the oppressive discrimination. Reservation facilitates empowerment and social harmony for all in the segments.
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Agnes, Flavia. "Women's Rights and Legislative Reforms: An Overview." International Journal of Legal Information 36, no. 2 (2008): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003048.
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The Indian Constitution with its mandate of equality (Art. 14), non-discrimination on the basis of sex (Art. 15) positive discrimination in favor of women (or affirmative action) (Art. 15(3)) equality and non-discrimination in employment and service conditions (Art. 16), right to life and liberty (Art.21) is an important instrument for the protection of women in India. Although certain protective legislation was enacted in the first thirty years after the Constitution came into being, it is only during the last three decades that women's concerns were highlighted in the official discourse and in the public domain. One major contributory factor towards this change has been the Report of the Status of Committee for Women brought out in 1974 as the background country paper for the forthcoming United Nations Conference in 1975 – the International Year of the Women.
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Das, J. K. "Examining the Concept of Equal Opportunity and the Application of ‘Protective Discrimination’ to ‘Vulnerable Groups’." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 9, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x17721573.
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The Constitution of India guarantees the right to equality, non-discrimination and equal opportunity in admission and public employment through Articles 14–18, while these provisions also recognize certain vulnerable groups of people empowering the state to make special laws for their upliftment under protective discrimination. In this connection, the debatable issue in the contemporary era is: When are these provisions applied to all classes of people and when are they applied to vulnerable classes of people? Whether the doctrine of protective discrimination has any limitation and, if so, to what extent?
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Tewari, Shweta, Rajshree Chouhan, and Sanjeev. "GENDER GAP INDEX FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 9 (February 1, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i9.2017.98.
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Women account for nearly half of the human resources of a nation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, in spite of focus on women empowerment, condition of women at the work place is not very encouraging. Women often face greater barriers than men in terms of securing a decent jobs, wages and conducive working conditions. Provisions relating to women’s work were introduced in 1891, with amendment of the Factories Act, 1881. After independence, number of provisions has been made in the constitutions to protect the welfare of women workers. Number of protective legislations have also been made and implemented by the government for the interest of women workers. The basic objective behind implementation of these legislation are to provide equal and a decent level of remuneration, proper child care center , maternity relief and decent working conditions to women workers. Despite these constitutional and legislative arrangements to reduce gender gap, women in India are facing discrimination at work place and suffer from harassment. The present paper critically reviewed the effectiveness of government policies and legislations framed and enacted for the welfare of women workers. It also examines the gender dimensions of the trends in various aspects of labour market viz. labour force participation rate, workforce participation rate, unemployment rate and wage rate. An attempt has been made to capture the discrimination at work by computing Gender Gap Index using major indicators of labour market. For computing the index, data for the last four decades has been used. The analysis shows that there are gaps in effective enforcement of relevant laws and implementation of women responsive policies. The gender gap index for employment opportunities and the analysis of major employment indicators showed that gender gap is increasing in many aspects. Major indicators of employment such as Labour Force participation rate, Worker population ratio, Unemployment rate and wages now have larger gender gaps than before.
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Singh, Seema. "Investigating the Status of Women Engineers in Education and Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Challenges 13, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe13010027.
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Engineering is traditionally considered a male domain with lower female participation despite various affirmative actions taken in recent decades. There is evidence of greater gender equality as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and precautionary lockdown measures. With this in mind, this paper investigates whether women engineers in India were more adversely affected than their male counterparts by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an impact may be explained by ‘intersectional stigma’, expanded upon in the literature on discrimination. The impact of such stigma varies in different countries based on socio-cultural factors. Through the use of ethnographic and statistical research methods on secondary and primary data from a sample of 384 engineers, this paper shows that the impact of COVID-19 is not significantly different between genders in engineering education and employment. This may be due to the high demand for digital engineering skills, and strong family support in Indian society. Engineering branch may play a relatively more important role than gender in terms of impact. This finding has repercussions for continuing engineering education (CEE) programs and regulatory bodies in India in terms of enhancing course content and the results may be used in developing affirmative programs in other regions.
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Siva, Sami. "India's Third Gender and Visual Politics." Journal of Illiberalism Studies 1, no. 1 (2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53483/vchx2528.
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Despite the Government of India’s official recognition of “third gender” in 2014, the right to gender self-determination remains contested. Over one million transgender women in the country face discrimination and continue to live on the fringes of society. Discrimination and stigma force them to resort to prostitution, begging on city streets, and performing at village festivals. While transgender women are venerated during religious rituals and festivals, they are excluded from employment and higher education. This article outlines the cultural and social conditions facing the trans community in India, as well as the illiberal attitudes of society toward it, through the prism of visual analysis.
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Singh, Pushpendra, and Falguni Pattanaik. "Unequal Reward for Equal Work? Understanding Women’s Work and Wage Discrimination in India Through the Meniscus of Social Hierarchy." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 12, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x19898448.
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The Indian society is one of the most unequal societies of the world and divided into different social hierarchies of caste, class, religion, etc. Caste is a determinant of power, economic inequality, poverty and discrimination in contemporary India. When it comes to women, they face the dual burden of discrimination, first gender based and, second, caste based. The practice of discrimination persists between Dalit/tribal and upper-class women, but still, Dalit women are trying to come out of this unequal treatment. Hence, this study investigates the magnitude of discrimination among women workers in terms of the social hierarchy and relative factors responsible for workforce discrimination. Furthermore, this study examines the extent of wage differential between Dalit/tribal and upper-class women workers. The study has used the data of the 50th Employment and Unemployment Survey to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) from 1993–1994 to 2017–2018 by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). In the first part of the analysis, this study explains how and why the women workforce is decreasing, particularly as far as Dalit/tribal women are concerned. Subsequently, the relative contributions of socio-economic conditions in the women workforce have been assessed using logistic regression. However, the second part of the study examines the wage differential between general and Dalit/tribal women and the extent of wage discrimination using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method. The study reveals that the women workforce has been consistently declining and the vulnerability is intense among Dalit/tribal women. Furthermore, it has been observed that the social hierarchy (caste) is a decisive factor for the remuneration (wage) in the labour market and over the period of study, the wage discrimination between Dalit and upper-caste women has significantly increased.
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Chakraborty, Shreyashi, and Leena Chatterjee. "Rationales of gender diversity management policies and practices in India: an exploratory empirical study in the Indian IT/ITeS industry." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 6 (April 8, 2020): 667–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-04-2019-0124.
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PurposeThe Indian context is marked with weak anti-discrimination laws and patchy implementation of protection of civil rights of women at workplaces. The purpose of this paper is to unearth the rationales of the adoption of gender diversity management policies and practices in India, in the absence of laws and regulations.Design/methodology/approachInspiration is drawn from previous studies on diversity management in other national contexts, and a survey methodology was adopted. The lead researcher administered the questionnaires personally to all respondents to ensure that the understanding of the questions is uniform across respondents as gender diversity management is a relatively new concept in India.FindingsSize of the organisation (number of full-time employees), the influence of external organisations and perceived enhanced organisational flexibility were found to explain the adoption of gender diversity management policies and practices in the Indian IT/ITeS industry. Findings also indicate that Indian subsidiaries of foreign multinationals tend to adopt more gender diversity management policies and practices as compared to Indian-owned organisations.Research implicationsThis study provides evidence that organisations do not always enact structures or behaviours in the pursuit of normative rationality and also consider the economic value of them, establishing an organisational agency in adopting legitimated norms or practices. The study also shows that gender diversity management policies and practices are not only dependent on the enactment of laws but also are adopted because of the economic benefit perceived.Originality/valueDiversity management policies and practices have been mostly studied in national contexts with anti-discrimination laws or affirmative action programs and have been claimed to be a successor of equal employment opportunity (EEO) policies. In the absence of stringent laws to reduce or eliminate discrimination against women employees in Indian workplaces, this study contributes to the literature by determining whether the business case for gender diversity drives the adoption of gender diversity management in the Indian context.
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Loh, Jennifer Ung. "Narrating Identity: the Employment of Mythological and Literary Narratives in Identity Formation Among the Hijras of India." Religion and Gender 4, no. 1 (February 19, 2014): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00401003.
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This article explores how the hijras and kinnars of India use mythological narratives in identity-formation. In contemporary India, the hijras are a minority group who are ostracised from mainstream society as a result of their nonheteronormative gender performances and anatomical presentations. Hijras suffer discrimination and marginalisation in their daily lives, forming their own social groups outside of natal families and kinship structures. Mythological and literary narratives play a significant role in explaining and legitimising behavioural patterns, ritual practices, and anatomical forms that are specific to hijras, and alleviating some of the stigma surrounding this identity. In this article, I focus on certain narratives that hijras employ in making sense of and giving meaning to their lives, including mythological stories concerning people of ambiguous gender and myths associated with Bahuchara Mata. I argue that these ontological narratives serve to bring hijra identity into being and play a crucial role in constructing and authenticating hijra identity in modern India.
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Mamgain, Rajendra P. "New Forms of Recruitment Processes and Discrimination in Urban Labour Market in India." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 4, no. 1 (June 2018): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481118775180.
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The penetration of information and communications technology (ICT) and financial services have led to significant changes in the nature of employment opportunities as well as hiring practices by employers in the Indian labour market. Both employers and jobseekers are increasingly using information technology (IT) in their searches in the labour market. However, social networks continue to play major role in job information and hiring decisions. In such changing milieu, access to information to jobseekers has become rather limited, thereby reducing job opportunities for those people or groups of people who do not have access to such sources of information and networks. The prevailing prejudices about the abilities of certain group of job applicants such as Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/STs) and Muslims, and overemphasis on meritocracy by employers also limit their chances of being selected, particularly in private industry.
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Loganathan, Santosh, and R. Srinivasa Murthy. "Living with schizophrenia in India: Gender perspectives." Transcultural Psychiatry 48, no. 5 (November 2011): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461511418872.
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This study explores gender issues from a sociocultural perspective related to stigma among people suffering from schizophrenia in India. Stigma experiences were assessed by conducting semistructured interviews with 200 patients attending urban or rural psychiatry clinics. The resulting narratives were examined by thematic content analysis. Men with schizophrenia reported being unmarried, hid their illness in job applications and from others, and experienced ridicule and shame. They reported that their experience of stigma was most acute at their places of employment. Women reported experiences of stigma in relation to marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth. Both men and women revealed specific cultural myths about their illnesses and described how these had negatively affected their lives. Information gathered from this study can be useful to understand the needs of individuals who suffer from schizophrenia to improve the quality of their treatment, and plan culturally appropriate interventions to counter stigma and discrimination.
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Choudhury, Samira, Bhavani Shankar, Lukasz Aleksandrowicz, Mehroosh Tak, and Alan Dangour. "Caste-Based Inequality in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in India." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03795721211026807.
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Objective: Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is of central importance to many diet-related health outcomes. In India, caste is a major basis of socioeconomic inequality. Recent analysis shows that more disadvantaged “lower” castes consume less F&V than the rest. This article explores whether this consumption gap arises due to differential distribution of drivers of consumption such as income and education across castes, or whether behavioral differences or discrimination may be at play. Design: The Oaxaca-Blinder regression decomposition is applied to explain the gap in F&V consumption between “upper” castes and “lower” castes, using data from the 68th (2011-2012) round of the National Sample Survey Organization household survey. Results: Differences in the distribution of F&V drivers account for all of the 50 grams/person/day consumption gap between upper and lower castes. In particular, much of the gap is explained by income differential across castes. Conclusions: In the long run, India’s positive discrimination policies in education and employment that seek to equalize income across castes are also likely to help close the F&V consumption gap, leading to health benefits. In the medium run, interventions acting to boost lower caste income, such as cash transfers targeting lower castes, may be effective.
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Kumar, Meera Rajeev, and Aksa Sam. "Gender Equality in Employment Perquisites with Reference to Sweden, GCC and India." International Journal of Governance & Development 02, no. 02 (2022): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55478/ijgd.2022.2202.
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The scope of social policy today is extensive. With the changing global scenario there is a rediscovery of “social” in it. Indubitably, there is a gender perspective on social policy globally. The world Economic Forum states that there are only six countries in the world (Belgium, Denmark, France, Latvia, Luxembourg and Sweden) where women have equal work rights to men. It is noted that the situation in different countries vary when it comes to the working benefits of different genders whether for native or expatriate workers in those places. Though there are rooms to enjoy attractive income and favorable working conditions such as job security, generous retirement plan, and other welfare benefits, there are still various factors that might lead to gender-based differences or gender discrimination in the unique labor market context of the GCC countries. The scenario is distinct in many Scandinavian nations like Sweden. Those countries are often considered as the role model for gender equal work allowances. When it comes to India there is still disparity and difference in many areas despite of the social security system the country offers in its policies. This paper aims at a descriptive and qualitative study on the causes, consequences and conclusion of the gender disparity in employee allowances of these nations. The study would imply simple random method of interrogations to examine gender differences empirically within the labor market of the mentioned nations. The economic benefits of a gender equal nation in the framing of social policy will be emphasized and focused.
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Awasthi, Ishwar Chandra, and Puneet Kumar Shrivastav. "Inequalities in economic and educational status among social groups in India." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 6 (June 12, 2017): 774–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2015-0210.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the social and economic disparities across social groups in rural Uttar Pradesh. The paper demonstrates that the structure of the rural economy in India is characterised by deeply ingrained prejudices and social discrimination. The four-village study undertaken in one of the most populated states in India, Uttar Pradesh, clearly reveals that there is a huge disparity in terms of various social and economic indicators and that the so-called high growth has hardly helped in bettering their lives. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on primary data collected from the Census survey of villages exploring socio-economic disparities across social groups by using decomposition models. Findings The results evidently lend credence to the postulations that a large proportion of the disadvantaged groups are prone to multiple deprivations, both in the society and in labour markets. The inquiry reveals this phenomenon clearly. Research limitations/implications From the policy point of view, it is therefore imperative to ensure the direct and focussed provision of basic human requirements in terms of education, employment and income of the state. The implementation of direct policy interventions is an absolute necessity if the state has to guarantee convergence and the inclusive growth process on a sustained basis. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study the inequality among the social groups in terms of education, employment, income and livelihood opportunities in selected villages of four districts of Uttar Pradesh.
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Barman, Paramita. "Gender variations in HIV related stigma among Indian adults." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220242.
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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global public health problem. Social stigma and discrimination around HIV can be a strong deterrent to seeking healthcare and deny people living with HIV (PLHIV) a life of dignity. Further, gender has a role in determining utilization of available healthcare service. Although research has been conducted on gender differences in experience of stigma among PLHIV, there remains a gap with respect to cross gender study of the determinants of HIV related stigma in the context of India which has the third highest burden of HIV globally. This serves as the motivation of the current study.Methods: The study uses unit level data on adult men and women from the NFHS-4 (2015-16) survey. Logistic regression has been used for analysis of data.Results: Higher percentage of adult women than men nurture HIV related stigma at all India level. Multivariate analysis reveals that for both genders, stigma falls significantly with higher educational attainment but increases with higher economic class. Differences in drivers of stigma across men and women remain with respect to religion, age, employment and marital status.Conclusions: Awareness raising and stigma reducing interventions designed in view of gender specific requirements are called for to curb social discrimination against PLHIV and ensure better quality of life for them.
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Hussain, Malik Altaf. "Socio-economic determinants of employment in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in Jammu and Kashmir." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): 1361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2016-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at the socio-economic determinants of employment in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) at both household and individual level. My results show that there is no discrimination in provision of employment to backward classes. Out of all the Indian States, J&K has lowest female participation in the scheme. My results show that women are discriminated against in provision of employment. Worksite facilities, like creche, can positively affect female participation in the scheme. Design/methodology/approach The author uses multi-variate OLS regression model to analyse the data collected through primary survey of three heterogenous villages of district Ganderbal of J&K. Findings The author finds clear evidence of discrimination against females in provision of employment along with slight evidence of elite capture of the scheme. The author also finds negative relationship between the number of children in a household and the number of workdays which highlights the importance of worksite facilities to increase female and overall participation for the scheme to be successful. Research limitations/implications The possible limitation could be small sample size but given that this is the first study of its kind in the J&K State, researchers can build up on it. Originality/value This is one of the first research papers which looks at the performance of MGNREGS in J&K in such detail. No comprehensive study of this magnitude and rigour has been undertaken in J&K till now.
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Muralidhar, S. "Appearing in Court in India: Challenges in Representing the Marginalised." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 3, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 421–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v3i2.452.
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This article reflects on the challenges faced in the process of improving access to justice and representation of the marginalized communities in the legal system. The author has drawn reflections from his own career as a human rights lawyer. Explaining this, the author first highlights the barriers faced by marginalized communities in the legal system, and then narrates the challenges faced by those who seek to represent the marginalised or espouse their causes. The emphasis of the article is on understanding what it means to be a marginalised person facing the barriers of the system. Lastly, the article suggests institutional measures to approach the challenges thrown up in the process of representing the marginalised.
Acknowledgements
The author acknowledges Mohd. Arsalan Ahmed, Aligarh Muslim University for his assistance in editing the article in the format required by the CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion.
The Editors of the Journal are grateful to CEDE team (Community for the Eradication of Discrimination in Education and Employment), for facilitating the process of publishing this article in the Journal. CEDE is a network of lawyers, law firms, judges, and other organisations and individuals, who are committed towards reforming the Indian legal profession. It was founded in April 2021 by Disha Wadekar (Lawyer, Supreme Court of India), Anurag Bhaskar (Assistant Professor, O.P. Jindal Global University, India), and Avinash Mathews (Lawyer, Supreme Court of India). Since its inception, CEDE is organising annual Dr Ambedkar Memorial Lectures. The first inaugural lecture in 2021 was delivered by Dr. Justice DY Chandrachud (Judge, Supreme Court of India) on the topic “Why Representation Matters”. On 14 April 2022, Dr. S. Muralidhar (Chief Justice, High Court of Orissa) delivered the second annual lecture on the topic “Appearing in Court: Challenges in Representing the Marginalised”. This article is an edited version of the lecture delivered by Dr. Justice Muralidhar.
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Aamareswaran, N. "Problems of North-East People in Metro Cities of India: Need of Human Values for Happy and Healthy Life." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v7.n2.p7.
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<div><p><em>In the present liberalized, privatized, globalized, scientific, technological, and digit world the life styles of human beings are changing from time to time. A man need values, principles and culture to become human. The main aim of education is all-round development i.e., physical, mental, spiritual, social, political, technological, and economic development of an individual. Education is a key for development. The people from North-East India in general and tribes in particular are migrating to the metro cities of India for better education, health and employment. Because of their physical features and geographical influence people from North-East India are facing problems at metro cities. Sometimes these problems are diverting or converting into a racial discrimination also. The real citizens of India are not treating as citizens of their own country people. It is a painful and not helpful for national integration. Lack of human values in individual is the only single reason behind these problems. In the present paper an attempt has been made to find the different types of problems and causes of problems. It is also suggested the valuable things to do to solve all types of problems for happy and healthy life. </em></p></div>
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Das, Shweta Kumari, and Nikita Kumari Das. "Reservation in India: Social Justice or Political Agenda?" RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i10.020.
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With more than 3000 castes and all the major religious groups of the world, India is certainly a personification of religious and cultural diversity. The Constitution makers were very well aware of the fact that this diversity entails a form of segmental equality owing to which the idea of compensatory discrimination was included in the constitution. Therefore, through Article 16(4) and 46, reservation in matters of public education and employment were provided for the upliftment of the backward and deprived classes, namely the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). However, politicians have increasingly used this instrument of social justice to divide groups for “vote bank” politics. The routine extension of the reservation quotas through amendments and the inclusion of new groups like Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) represents the increasing politicization of caste in politics at the cost of social justice.
The motive of this paper is to question whether reservation has become a political agenda rather than an instrument of social justice as well as to give an insight on how the policy has been misused for political gains. With an amalgamation of facts and unique analysis, it also sheds light on the attempts of privileged groups like the Jats in Haryana to demand reservation thereby showcasing how the true meaning of reservation has been eroded in India political scenario.
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Deshpande, Ashwini, and Smriti Sharma. "Disadvantage and discrimination in self-employment: caste gaps in earnings in Indian small businesses." Small Business Economics 46, no. 2 (December 8, 2015): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9687-4.
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Bazaz, Rabiya Yaseen, and Mohammad Akram. "Exploring Gender and Caste Intersectionality among Muslims: A Sociological Study." Journal of Education Culture and Society 12, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.2.190.210.
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Aim Caste studies conducted among Muslims in India generally focus on establishing the existence of caste system among Muslims but they seldom talk about different types of oppression and inequalities faced byMuslim women.This empirical study exploreshow gender and caste identities and their mutual intersectionality impact education,occupation and income choices and actual attainments of Muslim women. Methods This study is part of a larger study conducted among Muslims of Kashmir in India.Primary datawas collected from 704 eligible respondents (Male=392, Female=312) using mixed methods. Three layers of ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groups existing in the research area are identified and gender situation within these groups are comparatively examined. Results Each of the ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groupshas patriarchal caste capital.Higher professions within the government and private services are largely acquired by upper caste male Muslims or other male and female Muslims having rich cultural and social capital. There is preponderance of lower caste male Muslims in low income self-employment but lower caste Muslim females seldom find say in family based business and compelled to join low paid private jobs. More than fifty percent educated Muslim females are unemployed. Conclusion Although patriarchy is the general rule here, not all women face discrimination and inequality in the same way. Upper caste Muslim women often witness so called benevolent restriction of choices whereas lower caste women are the most excluded and marginalised section of the society who face double discrimination due to patriarchy and interwoven caste positions which severely impacts their educational as well as employment choices and attainments.
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Biswajit Nath, Sarat Kumar Nath,. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN – A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Modern Agriculture 9, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijma.v9i3.153.
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Women play a key role in supporting their household and communities, in achieving food and nutrition security, generating income and improving livelihood and overall well-being of the society. If women get access to land leadership, opportunities and choices economies grow, food security is enhanced and prospects are improved for both current generation and future generations. But gender discrimination is a real phenomenon in India. Women in rural area do not having proper facilities and education for their development. Most of the rural women have less access to healthcare, education and other aspects of the society. This paper studies the status of women in the field of education, income and employment. 15 villages of Morigaon Revenue Circle (Morigaon district) are purposively selected by the author for this study.
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Pankaj, Ajeet Kumar. "Caste and Discrimination in Welfare: Social Exclusion of Dalits in Uttar Pradesh." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 11, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x18821447.
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Dalits constitute one-fifth of the total Indian population and, being located at the bottom of the caste hierarchy, suffer from the acute problem of discrimination and exclusion in every sphere of society. Despite various government affirmative actions and policies, Dalits experience discrimination, which in turn lead to inaccessibility of welfare services among them. Based on the author’s engagement in field work for data collection,1 this article highlights that discrimination in welfare programme is not only caused by favouritism and corruption but also linked to the sociopolitical structure of the state and society. Through a dense analysis of the process of social exclusion in availability, accessibility and affordability of welfare programmes, this article examines the role of the state and society in the context of discrimination against Dalits in welfare programmes. This article deals with discrimination and exclusion of Dalits during the identification of beneficiaries and delivery of the state-sponsored welfare services. It specifically looks into the discriminatory mechanism in welfare programmes, particularly the programmes that are directly linked with poverty eradication and employment. This article uses the lens of social exclusion to examine caste discrimination in welfare programmes.
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Rose, Ekta. "Education Rights- Transgender." ANVESHA-A Multidisciplinary E-Journal for all Researches 3, no. 1 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55183/amjr.2022.vo3.lsi.01.004.
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Education is critical for the boom and improvement of any democratic country. India is a Democratic country. According to Article 14 and 15 Indian Constitution is to offer identical possibility to each citizen to develop and acquire their potential, no matter caste, faith or gender. Now-a-days, Transgenders will have a look at in schools, schools and universities with all facility approving their admission below the class of "deprived group" described with the aid of using the Right to Education Act 2009. The Transgender network is part of the social order and that they have an identical right in the whole lot this is to be had to all others withinside the world. Transgenders are eligible for 25% reservation below the economically weaker phase deprived college students class for admission in schools, schools and universities. They are socially and economically backward. Transgender may be allowed admission in schools, schools and universities and given employment on the premise that they belonged to the Transgenders. The Supreme Court stated they'll take delivery of instructional and employment Opportunities to Transgenders. The Transgenders network faces numerous demanding situations and discrimination and consequently has fewer possibilities in comparison to others. They are hardly ever knowledgeable as they're nor customary with the aid of using the society and consequently do now no longer get hold of right schooling. Even if they're admitted to an academic institute, they face harassment and are bullied each day and are requested to depart the faculty and schools or they drop out on their own. It is due to this that they soak up begging and sex work.
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Acharya, Sanghmitra Sheel. "Population-Poverty Linkages and Health Consequences." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v1i1.142.
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Population dynamics and determinants of poverty are associated in a way that affects access to resources which influence health. The popular belief often is that population growth causes problems including poverty. Scientific arguments, however, have fairy well established that it is the nature of development, which is important to ensures availability, access and utilization of resources, services and opportunities for different population groups. Population growth is an insufficient explanation for denial of access to resources because development disparities across globe render different populations exposed to vulnerabilities of varied kinds. Disparities in health between different social groups are the function of unequal way in which the determinants of health are distributed in society. Beyond its effects on health, inequality has far reaching consequences on social trust and cohesion affecting social institutions; and also on mortality and health outcomes. Factors such as income, employment status, housing, education, social position, and social exclusion have direct and indirect bearings on health over lifetimes. In many countries there is evidence of a social gradient in health, with those in more advantaged positions enjoying generally better health and lower mortality. In India, caste is an important axes on which discrimination and denial occurs causing poor health outcome. In term of income and social indicators, India is one of the most unequal countries in the world. The present paper endeavours to understand the determinants of disparity among population groups across countries which influence access to health care with special reference to India.
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Ahmed, Jaffer Fatma. "Effects of Discrimination of Expectant Ladies on the Economic Performance of Private Firms within the Kenyan Context." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2014): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v4i1.5709.
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Gender discrimination is currently highly affecting the economic performance of Indian-owned private firms within the Kenyan context. This form of discrimination is particularly featuring expectant ladies who are already working or are currently trying to gain access into the work environment within private organizations. This kind of discrimination has not only affected the expectant ladies, but it has also hindered economic development within the firms that allow this practice to continue. This is evident by the ladies’ careers being halted because they are expectant and hence considered unable to deliver towards the organizations’ objectives. On the other hand, the organization ends up losing valuable employees who would have played a major role in the growth of such firms. Moreover, when some of the ladies discriminated against are bold enough to go to court, the firm losses a lot of money and their identity in the business world is also tarnished, as they have to compensate the lady who is the victim. Discrimination of ladies on the basis of being expectant has been quietly endured by the victims involved, silently suffering; with very few trying to ensure their rights are protected, as per the Kenyan constitution, under the Employment Act, 2007. Data will be collected using questionnaires, interviews and through research done earlier on Gender discrimination. Research will also involve statistical data that has been analyzed on gender discrimination and review of how the practice is affecting our society over the years.
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Timming, Andrew R. "The effect of foreign accent on employability: a study of the aural dimensions of aesthetic labour in customer-facing and non-customer-facing jobs." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016630260.
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Using quantitative methods, this article examines the effect of foreign accents on job applicants’ employability ratings in the context of a simulated employment interview experiment conducted in the USA. It builds upon the literature on aesthetic labour, which focuses largely on the role of physical appearance in employment relations, by shifting attention to its under-investigated auditory and aural dimensions. The results suggest that the managerial respondents actively discriminate in telephone-based job interviews against applicants speaking Chinese-, Mexican- and Indian-accented English, and all three are rated higher in non-customer-facing jobs than in customer-facing jobs. Job applicants who speak British-accented English, especially men, fare as well as, and at times better than, native candidates who speak American English. The article makes a contribution to the sociological literatures surrounding aesthetic labour and discrimination and prejudice against migrant workers.
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SHARMA, JYOTI KUMARI. "INCLUSIVE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - THE FRUIT OF INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 302–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.3142.
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Under the a national consciousness, the national integration refers to process which is to bring all the different race, religions, cultures and linguistic groups together into one single nation. It aims at removing socio-cultural, economic inequality and strengthening unity by giving human dignity to all citizens without any discrimination. We know that India represents a paradoxical dynamic economy, among high economic processes followed by a rise in indifference, poverty, and regional imbalances. Under this, it was found that the development of abilities and skills of human beings under human resource development enhances the use of physical capitals’ successfully, positively, and progressively. It is done by educating, providing better health facilities, and developing skills of the country’s citizens, helps them to add to productivity, increasing the national wealth of the country. Accordingly, when Human Resource Development is more inclusive, respect and understanding grow. Further, inclusive Human Resource Development strategy increases the productivity of the country, with the development of productive capacity, physical capability, and mental capability of its human resources, which leads to all-round economic development and growth of the country. In this way, through my study-made in this paper, I look forward to describe and explain the process of reducing all kinds of socio-economic exclusion from India by implementing the inclusive growth strategy that helps to reduce poverty with the help of the income (wages) earned from the jobs of each citizen, guaranteeing food security, education, health, employment, etc. facilities for all. Thus, inclusive Human Resource Development strategy can reduce and remove inequality from India, accompanied by social welfare with stability.
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Multani, Neela, and A. N. Sanghvi. "Women Workers in Agricultural Sector: A Literature Review." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n1.p4.
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<div><p><em>For any research, literature review is an essential part as it helps in identifying the area of research. Agriculture is the main source of sustenance for both developing and under developed countries. In countries like India, women’s position is not as strong as men both economically and socially and she faces more constraints than men. They cannot relocate easily. Women in rural areas have to manage multiple activities like maintaining home, making food, arranging water etc. and they are working in farms also. So, they are living hard life. All the activities performed by rural women is essential for the well-being of the rural households, still they are not defined as ‘economically active employment’ in national accounts. In India, 24 percent to total workers work as female cultivators and 41.1 percent to total workers work as female agricultural labourers. Past studies also relieved that because of less education, unawareness about the laws, poverty and gender discrimination, women workers face many problems. Also, few studies show that in some parts of the nation women workers are being paid less than the male workers. This Paper reviews past research studies to highlight the role and position of women workers in agricultural sector. </em></p></div>
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Sagade, Jaya, and Christine Forster. "Recognising the Human Rights of Female Sex Workers in India: Moving from Prohibition to Decriminalisation and a Pro-work Model." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 25, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521517738450.
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This article sets out a women’s human rights approach to the legal regulation of sex work developed through an analysis of feminist perspectives, international human rights standards—in particular, the approach of the Committee on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1979 (CEDAW)—and the voices of female sex workers within India. It categorises sex work into four legal models, namely, prohibition which criminalises all aspects of the sex trade, partial decriminalisation which criminalises only those who force women into sex work and those who trade in under-age sex workers, social control legalisation which decriminalises but regulates the sex trade with the aim of containing through (often punitive) restrictions, and finally pro-work which approaches sex work as valid employment by extending the legal and human rights of other workers to sex workers. The article places India’s current regulatory framework into the prohibition model and argues that the legal response to sex work that most closely accords with a women’s human rights approach is partial decriminalisation coupled with a pro-work model. Although the introduction of this model in India poses considerable challenges, it has the greatest capacity to first, reduce the crime and corruption that surrounds the sex trade; second, to enhance, promote and protect public health and third, provide appropriate legal and human rights protection to sex workers as international obligations require.
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Ciotti, Manuela. "Remaking traditional sociality, ephemeral friendships and enduring political alliances." Focaal 2011, no. 59 (March 1, 2011): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2011.590102.
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This article explores histories of social separation, impermanent encounters, and lasting political alliances between Dalit (“untouchable”) Chamar male youth and members of the upper-caste Brahman community in a village in eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India. The entry of young Chamar people into educational institutions followed by political mobilization and, for some, the transition into employment, has led them to appropriate spaces often beyond the purview of previous generations. Against the backdrop of Chamar histories as agricultural laborers, powerless political subjects, and actors of religious marginality, new forms of masculinity, sociality, and class formation have come into being. The article focuses on young Chamar men’s involvement in village politics, particularly during the 2005 local elections. It is argued that village politics—rather than inter-caste friendships, which remain short-lived as a result of caste discrimination—has engendered an arena of sociality where caste-driven interest produce more durable social links between young low-caste men and members of the upper-caste community. As India’s political history illustrates, the episode of electoral politics analyzed in this article brings together differently situated communities within the nation, highlighting how the unresolved question of caste discrimination conflates with the compulsion to political power. If young Chamar men are the new protagonists in this history, their role is the outcome of broader changes in the consciousness around political participation and the opening up of democratic possibilities for minority populations in a postcolonial setting.
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Gupta, Amit, and Pushpendra Priyadarshi. "When affirmative action is not enough: challenges in career development of persons with disability." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 6 (April 10, 2020): 617–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-05-2019-0146.
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PurposeThere is dearth of research pertaining to how persons with disability (PWDs) view their career and the issues they face in career development; past studies highlight either the organizational initiatives or individual factors in this regard. The present study bridges this gap by studying the PWDs' experiences and perceptions on challenges in their career development.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory study through interview of professionally qualified PWDs in India, who have a permanent employment.FindingsPWDs experience that affirmative action has a negative fallout as it leads to positive discrimination and hence, adversely affects their confidence and development.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study throws up new themes in the organizational climate that the PWDs face in career development, future studies can understand the aspirations of PWDs toward career and focus on the how the PWDs engage in shaping their career. Researchers can explore strategies that PWDs plan/adopt in creating a sustainable career for themselves. Scholars can also map the issues raised by PWDs with the career outcomes.Social implicationsThe Rights of Persons with Disability Act, 2016, of Government of India introduces a social model of disability in India. This paper deploys the social model of disability to enhance our understanding of the disability climate in India from a new lens.Originality/valueThis study introduces new themes that depict the environmental factors and are related to the organizational climate rather than self-focused issues of PWDs. The paper introduces two new subjective criteria, voiced by PWDs, for career development – a well-crafted capability-based career path and role of inspirational platforms. It introduces hitherto undiscovered issues toward career development, faced by PWDs who have a secure employment and a professional career. This is the first exclusive study of PWDs employed in public sector and thus, brings uniqueness in the context.
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Grover, Sandeep, Nandita Hazari, Jitender Aneja, Subho Chakrabarti, Sunil Sharma, and Ajit Avasthi. "Recovery and its correlates among patients with bipolar disorder: A study from a tertiary care centre in North India." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 62, no. 8 (November 4, 2016): 726–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764016676214.
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Background and Aim: The goal of treatment in mental illness has evolved from a symptom-based approach to a personal recovery–based approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of personal recovery among patients with bipolar disorder. Methodology: A total of 185 patients with bipolar disorder, currently in remission, were evaluated on Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS), Brief Religious coping scale (RCOPE), Duke University Religiosity Index (DUREL), Religiousness Measures Scale, Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS), Young Mania rating scale (YMRS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Results: The mean age of the sample was 40.5 (standard deviation (SD), 11.26) years. Majority of the participants were male, married, working, Hindu by religion and belonged to extended/joint families of urban background. In the regression analysis, RAS scores were predicted significantly by discrimination experience, stereotype endorsement and alienation domains of ISMIS, level of functioning as assessed by GAF, residual depressive symptoms as assessed by HDRS and occupational status. The level of variance explained for total RAS score and various RAS domains ranged from 36.2% to 46.9%. Conclusion: This study suggests that personal recovery among patients with bipolar disorder is affected by stigma, level of functioning, residual depressive symptoms and employment status of patients with bipolar disorder.
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Dr. Harishchandra Ram. "Evolution and Development of Industrial Jurisprudence in India." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v4n1.05.
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Industrial jurisprudence is an ideology to study the perspective and perception of those legislators who give the shape to be a labour legislation for governing the relation of workmen and employers. It is correctly said by Mahatma Ganghi that industry is the joint venture of workmen and employers. In the Hospital Mazdoor Sabha1 case the triple test theory introduced and it was reiterated and set up in the case of Banglore Water Supply2. In both cases the cooperation of workmen is made essential part to be any industry. The industrial jurisprudence provides the thinking to make the labour laws accordingly. When the laissez faire theory wiped out and placed the welfare state, workers has become the integral part of any industry. With this view the state made the labour legislation for governing the relation of workmen and employers. It has been felt by most of the country of world that there must be apply tripartism; it means state will interfere with the labour regulations to settle the both relations. For this purpose state made the various laws, which are existed. In June 1998the International Conference proposed the fundamental labour policy for the World. Certain points of hose policy are existed in Indian labour jurisprudence. First, freedom of association, second, right to collective bargaining, third, elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour, fourth abolition of child labour and fifth, elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Industrial jurisprudence is more dynamic for industrial governance. With this ideology, the State utilizes the modus operandi accordance with the need of regulation for harmonious relation between employers and employees. When the Constitution of India commenced the concept of social justice gave the pace to the welfare labour legislation. The outcome of concept, the social assurance and social assistance are also prevalent with the ideology of social justice. It is the spirit of the Constitution. Now, it is being expected that there will be dynamic change in industrial jurisprudence by introducing the new economic policy for the upliftment of industry as well as labours. It not need to be panic the new exit policy will destroy the fundamental rights of the workers.
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V., Suneetha. "Recent Trends in the Attitude towards Economic Independence of Women." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 13, no. 2 (November 24, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v13.n2.p1.
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<p>To eliminate all types of discrimination against women and establish gender equality major strategies such as social empowerment, economic empowerment and gender justice were implemented. Achieving Economic Independence for<strong> </strong>women has been at the core of vision for gender equality across the globe. India is a male dominant society and traditionally jobs were meant for men. But as the international concern with gender relations in development has strengthened the affirmation that equality in the status of men and women is fundamental to every society, modern Indian Society has witnessed a gradual change in the status of women. The emergence of the new economic environment, the establishment of the new political system and the spread of modern education and ideologies among the people, found expression in the liberation of the Indian women from the traditional forms of social subordination and suppression from which they suffered for centuries. As of nowadays, no community cannot deny the role women have played in the progress of a community, changes have taken place in the attitudes of the people towards their women. Economic independence was considered as one of the powerful routes to economic empowerment and thereby to gender equality. In modern Indian society notion of women’s participation in employment for their empowerment is widely identified. In this direction this research article has tried to trace the recent trends in the attitudes of Indians towards economic independence of the women. This article tried to give answer for some questions like- whether community as a whole had favorable attitude towards economic independence of women? Is really women empowerment is possible? Is there actually people felt the necessity of it? etc.</p>
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Sophia, Arambam. "WOMEN AND WORK IN MANIPUR." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12024.
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Women in Manipur are noted for their high economic work participation rates. A trip through all the lanes, by- lanes, markets of Manipur will depict active participation of women in economic activity of the economy. There is the all-women Ima Market in the heart of Imphal City which is run almost exclusively by women vendors since ancient times. It seemed as if no other place in India will ever see such active participation of women in economic activity. The culture and ethos of the land speak of womens economic participation from ancient times.From traditional times, women had a greater role to play in the economic life of Manipur, compared to the patriarchy dominated rest of India. They face lesser discrimination than in other parts of the country. Moreover, social norms are such that there is lesser pressure on women to marry, greater freedom in their movement, in choice of occupation and in the choice of their life partner. Hence, they were able to play an active role in the economy. Census data show higher work participation of women in Manipur as compared to overall India, but NSS data do not always show such higher work participation rates, except insome years. Women are always working, in paid and in unpaid work but their work may not be effectively captured in official statistics. Theyconcentrate in the informal sector,in home-based work and in subsistence activities, the magnitude of which are sometimes difficult to capture adequately. The paper uses secondary data to study the employment status of women workers in the economy of Manipur. It shows how women of Manipur participate in productive sectors of the economy and in fact are the backbone of the economy of Manipur.
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Samal, Janmejaya, and Ranjit Kumar Dehury. "Family Impact Analysis of Mid-day Meal (MDM) Scheme in India with Special Focus on Child Education and Nutrition." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 2, no. 2 (July 2017): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133317703212.
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The school lunch programme in India was first implemented in 1925 by the Madras Municipal Corporation for disadvantaged children. At present, the school lunch programme in India is known as mid-day meal (MDM) scheme. It was started with an objective to enhance enrolment, retention and attendance rates, and simultaneously improve nutritional levels among children. MDM not only impacts the well-being of each child but also affects the overall prosperity of families. Hence, a family impact analysis of the MDM scheme of India would be instrumental in charting out the future directions of this programme. For this study, no primary research has been carried out, rather this paper is based on secondary literature pertaining to MDM with relation to child nutrition and education. The checklist developed by the Family Criteria (Ad Hoc) Task Force of the Consortium of Family Organizations (COFO) for assessing the intended and unintended impact of public policies, proposals and social programmes on families is used. This checklist, which was later revised by the Policy Institute for Family Impact Seminars, outlines six principles to guide analyses of the family supportiveness of policies and programmes: (1) family support and responsibilities, (2) family membership and stability, (3) family involvement and interdependence, (4) family partnership and empowerment, (5) family diversity and (6) support of vulnerable families. There are a good number of intended consequences of MDM scheme which include enrolment, retention, attendance, eradication of school hunger, family stability, improvement of malnutrition, employment to women of disadvantaged communities, improvement of girl child education, etc. However, it also has some unintended consequences, including food contamination or food poisoning. Social discrimination can also be seen as an intended or unintended consequence of MDM.
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Viwweswaran, Kamala. "Diaspora by Design: Flexible Citizenship and South Asians in U.S. Racial Formations." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1997): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.6.1.5.
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Is the warm reception given Dinesh D’Souza’s writing not in part due to the place he occupies as a member of a “model minority” seen as increasingly important to political conservatives like Phil Gramm? I wonder. I have been equally struck by the fact that under the second Reagan administration, one of the most prominent members of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the agency charged with monitoring and investigating claims of racial discrimination, was Joy Cherian, an Indian immigrant. More recently, I have contemplated the role Pakistani-American M. Ali Raza played (in 1994) in asking California State Attorney Quentin Kopp for an opinion on the affirmative action hiring policies in the California State University system.
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Ghosh, Piyali, and Reena Cheruvalath. "Indian Female Entrepreneurs as Catalysts for Economic Growth and Development." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 8, no. 2 (May 2007): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007780808048.
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Female entrepreneurs are increasingly being considered to be an important catalyst for economic growth and development in India, as they are contributing substantially to employment generation, and, as such, female entrepreneurship has become an area of research interest over the past few years. This paper furthers this research by making a theoretical study of the current status of female entrepreneurs in the country. It discusses the many challenges they face, focusing on their level of education and socio-cultural constraints. It also suggests some solutions to overcome such barriers. These include giving them proper training, developing an entrepreneurial attitude in them, ‘attributional augmenting’, understanding their entrepreneurial motivation, and, most importantly, removing the discriminating social customs imposed on them.
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Roja, K., G. D. V. Kusuma, and B. Ravi Kumar. "Work Place Related Issues in Health Sector: An Empirical Study With Reference To Selected Hospitals." American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v1i1.178.
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The condition of working women in India as well as in the entire world in general is considered to be very distressing. Working women in general are subject to discrimination at various levels. The problems and difficulties of working women are multi-dimensional, varying from woman to woman at personal level, and section to section at general level and hence need to be analyzed in depth. There are very serious problems of wages, employment, income and standard of living and sexual harassment among working women. They are not able to get any advantage of social security schemes. Due to their ignorance and illiteracy they are not benefited from present welfare schemes. There has indeed been a growing realization that the women workers form an integral part of the process of national development. This has made the government make continuous effort to give women workers a better deal in spheres of work and to recognize their contribution to the socio-economic development of the Country. However, what has been done remains a drop in the ocean and the women worker remain exploited and unprotected working hours, conditions of work, wages, types of job and other situation is still not favorable to women workers. Women workers have many problems and problems of working women are more serious and server. The present study is an attempt to portray the work related issues in selected hospitals (i.e. GEMS, KIMS, RIMS, GMR).
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Shrivastava, A. "Do we Need to Review Outcome Measures in Schizophrenia to Capture ‘Real-life’ Situation?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70581-4.
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Introduction:Outcome measures in schizophrenia are defining aspects for deciding the status of recovery based upon which people’ scientific body forms opinions. It is also important in dealing with stigma related to schizophrenia. Recently the concept of ‘recovery’ and’ outcome’ has come under scientific scrutiny. Literature does not show a consistent pattern in outcome. Both short term and long-term outcome show variability, which is often, explained by cultural factors. It has been generally considered that devolved countries have poor outcome than developing, non-industrialized countries. This view has also been challenged recently. The paper draws from the conceptual aspects if our outcome measure are capturing ‘real-life’ situation. We conducted two studies in Mumbai, India:1.Study of stigma & discrimination, which brought out the facts of families’ expectation and disappointments with level of recovery.2.A 10 years long term study, to determine recovery status of recovered patients.80% patients and families felt that recovery is inadequate and short of social integration despite continued treatment in stigma study. In outcome study, 60% patients showed good recovery as per CGIS. These patients were reassessed on 13 outcome criteria's of Meltzer. It is observed tat half of the patients who recovered continue to live with symptoms, a quarter with varying suicidality and side effects, most of the patients were not socially integrated, majority have not returned to productivity, employment and education It is concluded that outcome criteria's need a thoughtful revision and a new perspective to capture ground reality.
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Shrivastava, A. "Do We Need to Review Outcome Measures in Schizophrenia to Capture ‘Real-life’ Situation?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71429-4.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:Outcome measures in schizophrenia are defining aspects for deciding the status of recovery based upon which people’ scientific body forms opinions. It is also important in dealing with stigma related to schizophrenia. Recently the concept of ‘recovery’ and ’ outcome’ has come under scientific scrutiny. Literature does not show a consistent pattern in outcome. both short term and long-term outcome show variability, which is often, explained by cultural factors. It has been generally considered that devolved countries have poor outcome than developing, non-industrialized countries. This view has also been challenged recently. the paper draws from the conceptual aspects if our outcome measure are capturing ‘real-life’ situation. We conducted two studies in Mumbai, India:1.Study of stigma & discrimination, which brought out the facts of families’ expectation and disappointments with level of recovery.2.A 10 years long term study, to determine recovery status of recovered patients.80% patients and families felt that recovery is inadequate and short of social integration despite continued treatment in stigma study. in outcome study, 60% patients showed good recovery as per CGIS. These patients were reassessed on 13 outcome criteria's of Meltzer. It is observed tat half of the patients who recovered continue to live with symptoms, a quarter with varying suicidality and side effects, most of the patients were not socially integrated, majority have not returned to productivity, employment and education It is concluded that outcome criteria's need a thoughtful revision and a new perspective to capture ground reality.
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Baad, Rajendra, Nagesh Shinde, Deepak Kumar J. Nagpal, Prashant R. Prabhu, L. Chavan Surekha, and Prasad Karande. "Managing HIV/Hepatitis Positive Patients: Present approach of Dental Health Care Workers and Students." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1246.
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ABSTRACT People with HIV/HBsAg in India frequently encounter discrimination while seeking and receiving health care services. The knowledge and attitudes of health care workers (HCWs) influences the willingness and ability of people with HIV/HBsAg to access care, and the quality of the care they receive. The objective of this study was to asses HIV/HBsAg-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among students and dental HCWs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 250 students and 120 dental HCWs in the form of objective questionnaire. Information was gathered regarding demographic details (age, sex, duration of employment, job category); HIV/ HBsAg-related knowledge and attitudes; risk perception; and previous experience caring for HIV-positive patients. The HCWs in this study generally had a positive attitude to care for the people with HIV/HBsAg. However, this was tempered by substantial concerns about providing care, and the fear of occupational infection with HIV/HBsAg. A continuing dental education program was conducted to resolve all the queries found interfering to provide care to HIV/HBsAg patients. But even after the queries were resolved the care providing capability was not attained. These findings show that even with advanced knowledge and facilities the attitude of dental HCWs and students require more strategic training with regards to the ethics and moral stigma associated with the dreaded infectious diseases (HIV/HBsAg). How to cite this article Shinde N, Baad R, Nagpal DKJ, Prabhu PR, Surekha LC, Karande P. Managing HIV/Hepatitis Positive Patients: Present approach of Dental Health Care Workers and Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6): 882-885.
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Nanda, Bimal Chandra. "Disability and Empowerment: A Reading through the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016." Mind and Society 8, no. 01-02 (March 3, 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-81-2-20193.
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The people of India have given to them their constitution which avows to give to each of its citizens social, economic and political rights. It also professes to empower the citizens with liberty of thought, expression, belief and worship. Above all, it promises to ensure equality of status and of opportunity. It is supposed to be a flag bearer of the idea of equality. However, when the founding fathers of the nation talked about equality, they did not mean that persons who are positioned under different circumstances be treated equally. The cardinal principle of equality would rather expect that the law must treat the equals equally. It must go for positive discrimination in favour of persons who are not at a level playing field so that an honest attempt can be said to be done by the state for bringing the disadvantaged people at par with rest of the society. For those, who are already ahead, it is not only a legal duty to give leverage to the brethren who are left behind it is also their social, ethical and moral responsibility. Disability is one such parameter which puts some of the members of the human society at a disadvantageous position not only in terms of partaking of their daily activities or carrying out social or familial responsibilities but also in terms of accessibilities like education, skill enhancement, employment etc which are essential towards realization of their fullest potential as human beings. It will be not out of context to assert that the state must endeavor to bring them to the same level with others of the same society not as a matter of state-generosity or societal grace but as a matter of their rightful entitlement as fellow human beings. The present paper is an attempt to understand the Right of People with Disabilities Act, 2016 in this overall framework.