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Journal articles on the topic 'Dorsal hooks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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McLellan, William A., Logan H. Arthur, Sarah D. Mallette, et al. "Longline hook testing in the mouths of pelagic odontocetes." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 5 (2014): 1706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu181.

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Abstract Several species of odontocete cetaceans depredate bait and catch and, as a result, become hooked and entangled in pelagic longline fisheries. The present study measured how selected commercial longline hooks, including “weak hooks”, behaved within odontocete mouths. Five hooks (Mustad-16/0, Mustad-18/0, Mustad J-9/0, Korean 16, and Korean 18) were tested on three species of odontocetes known to interact with longline fisheries—short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), and false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens). Specimens were secured to a stanchion, hooks were placed in the mouth at multiple positions along the dorsal lip, and the force required to pull each hook free was measured. The soft tissue lips of these odontocetes were capable of resisting forces up to 250 kg before failing. The polished steel M-16, M-18, and J-9 hooks straightened at forces between 50 and 225 kg, depending on hook gauge. When straightened, these hooks exposed the sharpened barb, which sliced through the lip tissue, usually releasing the hook intact. The K-16 and K-18 hooks behaved very differently, breaking at higher forces (110–250 kg) and consistently just at the barb; usually, there was measurable soft-tissue loss and often shards of the hook were retained within those soft tissues. The different behaviours of these two hook types—the M and J type polished steel vs. the K type carbon steel—were consistent across all species tested. Mechanical tests were also conducted to determine if hooks could fracture the mandible of these same odontocetes. Only the M-18 and K-18 hooks had sufficiently large gapes to hook around the mandible, and both hook types fractured bone in short-finned pilot whales and Risso's dolphins. These results support other lines of evidence indicating that longline hooks can cause serious injury to these species, and suggest possible steps to mitigate these impacts.

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Carvalho, Fernando R., and Luiz R. Malabarba. "Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 3 (2015): 513–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140173.

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The type-species of Hyphessobrycon is redescribed and its osteology provided. Hyphessobrycon compressus is distinguished from its congeners by the 41-48 (mode 45) scales in the longitudinal series; 7-9 (mode 9) scales rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line, and absence of predorsal scales. Additional useful characters include the lack of spots on the body, a dorsal fin with a black spot, and an anal fin with two large, conspicuous hooks, and several other small hooks. Hyphessobrycon milleri is proposed as a junior synonym of H. compressus . The osteology of H. compressus is discussed in detail together with comments about phylogenetic relationships of Hyphessobrycon sensu stricto .

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Alcaraz, Héctor S. Vera, Carla S. Pavanelli, and Vinicius A. Bertaco. "Astyanax jordanensis (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 2 (2009): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000200008.

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Astyanax jordanensis, new species, is described from the rio Jacu and rio das Torres, both tributaries to the lower rio Jordão, in the rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná, Brazil. The new species is a member of the A. scabripinnis species complex. Astyanax jordanensis differs from its congeners by several meristic and morphometric characters. Mature males possess bony hooks in the dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins, and mature females have a few small bony hooks on the first rays of the anal fin. The presence of these bony hooks in females and the endemism of the ichthyofauna in the rio Jordão are discussed.

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Murrieta Morey, Germán Augusto, Mariana Vásquez Arimuya, and Walter A. Boeger. "Neotropical Monogenoidea 62. Biotodomella mirospinata gen. nov., sp. nov. (Polyonchoinea: Dactylogyridae): a parasite of the gills of Biotodoma cupido (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), from the Peruvian Amazon." Zoologia 36 (November 26, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e38455.

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Biotodomellagen. nov. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) is proposed to accommodate Biotodomella mirospinatasp. nov., found on the gills of Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840) (“cara bonita” or “green-streaked eartheater”), a freshwater cichlid from the Peruvian Amazon. The new genus and species differ from other Neotropical dactylogyrids in having the hooks of each hook pair well-differentiated from the remaining pairs, shafts varying in robustness, weakly sclerotized expansions at the proximal end of shaft, and a dorsal anchor with grooved shaft, bifid point. This study represents the first record of a monogenoid from a species of Biotodoma Eigenmann &amp; Kennedy, 1903.

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Murrieta, Morey Germán Augusto, Arimuya Mariana Vásquez, and Walter A. Boeger. "Neotropical Monogenoidea 62. Biotodomella mirospinata gen. nov., sp. nov. (Polyonchoinea: Dactylogyridae): a parasite of the gills of Biotodoma cupido (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), from the Peruvian Amazon." Zoologia 36 (November 26, 2019): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e38455.

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Biotodomella gen. nov. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) is proposed to accommodate Biotodomella mirospinata sp. nov., found on the gills of Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840) ("cara bonita" or "green-streaked eartheater"), a freshwater cichlid from the Peruvian Amazon. The new genus and species differ from other Neotropical dactylogyrids in having the hooks of each hook pair well-differentiated from the remaining pairs, shafts varying in robustness, weakly sclerotized expansions at the proximal end of shaft, and a dorsal anchor with grooved shaft, bifid point. This study represents the first record of a monogenoid from a species of Biotodoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903.

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KARHAN, S. U., N. SIMBOURA, and S. I. SALAZAR-VALLEJO. "Flabelliderma cinari (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae), a new species from the Eastern Mediterranean." Mediterranean Marine Science 13, no. 2 (2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.296.

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A new species of flabelligerid polychaete, Flabelliderma cinari, is described from the Turkish coast of the Eastern MediterraneanSea. This represents the first occurrence of the genus Flabelliderma in the Mediterranean. Flabelliderma cinari sp. nov. isclosely allied to F. claparedei in having dorsal tubercles of two different sizes; however, these species differ in the relative shapeand number of dorsal tubercles, the number of capillaries per fascicle in the notopodia and the shape of the curved distal articlesin the neuropodial hooks.

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DA SILVA, FERNANDA AVELINO CAPISTRANO, MARCIA REGINA DE-SOUZA, and JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN. "Kempnyia puri, a new species of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Zootaxa 3619, no. 5 (2013): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.5.4.

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Kempnyia puri sp.nov. is described from male specimens from Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the male genitalia bearing moderately long and curved hooks with apex directed laterad and a large and rounded dorsal projection of the penial ring.

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PLATHONG, JINTANA, SAKANAN PLATHONG, WANLADA KLANGNURAK, and HARLAN K. DEAN. "Two new species of Sigambra (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Andaman coast and the Gulf of Thailand." Zootaxa 5555, no. 1 (2024): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1.

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Two species of Pilargidae, Sigambra pakbaraensis sp. nov. and S. sirilukae sp. nov. are described from different coasts of Southern Thailand (Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand). Both species belong to the subgroup of Sigambra which lack ventral cirri at chaetiger 2 and have capillary notochaetae. Sigambra pakbaraensis sp. nov. is described from the Andaman coast and can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the occurrence of the first dorsal hook at chaetiger 8, the presence of capillaries in notopodia, and 14 pharyngeal papillae. Sigambra sirilukae sp. nov. is described from the Gulf of Thailand and it is clearly distinguished from all other species in the genus by having 12 pharynx papillae, an elongate median antenna with a large ceratophore, dorsal hooks from middle chaetigers, and up to five capillary notochaetae from anterior most chaetigers (4–5). Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and mitochondrial genes 16S, indicate S. pakbaraensis sp. nov. clusters within Sigambra Müller, 1858. Pores on the dorsal and ventral cirri of both species are herein described for the first time for the genus. An updated key to species of Sigambra from the Indo-Pacific region is also provided.

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MANDAL, SUMIT, and SOUMYA DEB. "Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India." Zootaxa 4531, no. 3 (2018): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4531.3.6.

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A new species of family Pilargidae, Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. is described from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters: absence of median antenna and eyes, shape of tentacular and dorsal cirri, structure of notopodia and neuropodia, and first appearance of notopodial hooks. The new species closely resembles Ancistrosyllis falcata.

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Román-Valencia, César, Carlos A. García-Alzate, Raquel I. Ruiz-C, C. Donald, and B. Taphorn. "A new species of Tyttocharax (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the Güejar river, Orinoco river Basin, Colombia." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 3 (2012): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000300004.

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A new Tyttocharax species from the Güejar River system, near the Macarena Mountains in Colombia is described. This is the first record for the genus from the Orinoco basin. The combination of the following characters distinguish Tyttocharax metae from its congeners: presence of bony hooks on the pectoral and caudal-fin rays; bony hooks on the anal-fin rays larger than those on the pelvic-fin rays; pectoral-fin rays i,5-6,i; presence of three unbranched dorsal-fin rays; absence of an adipose fin; four scales rows between the anal-fin origin and the lateral line; and four scale rows between the pelvic-fin and the lateral line. Ecological characteristics of the habitat of the new species are also presented.

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Román-valencia, César, Raquel I. Ruiz-C., Carlos A. García-alzate, and Donald C. Taphorn. "Hemibrycon santamartae: a new species from the Rancheria river of eastern Caribbean Colombia (Characiformes: Characidae)." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 19, no. 1 (2009): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol19n1.782.

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Based on 69 specimens, using morphometric, meristic and osteological characters, we describe a new species of Hemibrycon from the Rancheria River, a Caribbean coastal drainage of eastern Colombia that drains the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. H. santamartae is distinguished from congeners by the following: presence of small hooks on the first six to eight branched analfin rays of males, with two to four hooks on only the middle sections of the rays; adipose fin pigmented but with hyaline margins; an apophysis present on the dorsal margin of the rhinosphenoids that is directed toward the anterior tip; ventral process of the angulo-articular reduced and with a straight margin. Data on the phylogenetic position of the new species are presented.

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De Bragança, Pedro Henrique Negreiros, Maria Barbosa, and José Leonardo Mattos. "A new Nematocharax species from the middle Contas River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)." Vertebrate Zoology 63, no. 1 (2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.63.e31405.

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Nematocharax costai, new species is described from the Contas river basin, northeastern Brazil. The new species is included in the genus Nematocharax by possessing elongated branched dorsal-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays; two rows of pre-maxillary teeth in adults and practically complete row of teeth along the free ventral maxillary border. It differs from N. venustus, unique congener, by the number of maxillary teeth in adult males; absence of hooks and spinules on dorsal and pelvic fins; reduced number of anal-fin rays with spinules; presence of a long dark pink horizontal mark on caudal peduncle; number of supraneurals and pelvic-fin filament yellow.

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De, Bragança Pedro Henrique Negreiros, Maria Barbosa, and José Leonardo Mattos. "A new Nematocharax species from the middle Contas River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)." Vertebrate Zoology 63 (April 19, 2013): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.63.e31405.

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Bertaco, Vinicius A., and Paulo H. F. Lucinda. "Astyanaxelachylepis, a new characid fish from the rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil (Teleostei: Characidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 3, no. 3 (2005): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252005000300006.

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A new characid species, Astyanax elachylepis, is described from the rio Tocantins drainage. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by possessing 48-53 perforated scales along the lateral line, a large caudal-peduncle spot, the presence of bony hooks on dorsal, anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins of males, one or two vertically-elongated humeral spots, one maxillary tooth, and 22-27 branched anal-fin rays.

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Elías, Rodolfo, and María S. Rivero. "Two new species of Caulleriella (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae) from Argentina." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 98, no. 2 (2008): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212008000200010.

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Caulleriella bremecae and C. galeanoi (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) are newly described from Mar del Plata, Argentina (38ºS, 57ºW). Both species have small, red-pigmented nuchal organs (lateral "eyes") on the prostomium. Caulleriella bremecae sp. nov. is further characterized by a peristomium without annulations except for a narrow anterior dorsal fold, posterior part of peristomium extending posterodorsally over chaetiger 1, latter extending posterodorsally over chaetiger 2 and with slightly separated grooved palps arising middorsally; notochaetae of chaetigers 1-23 all smooth capillaries, thereafter with six bidentate sigmoid hooks and 3-4 capillaries, both types fewer on last 4-5 chaetigers; neurochaetae of chaetigers 1-2 comprised of 8 bidentate hooks and 1-2 capillaries, thereafter only bidentate hooks, decreasing in number posteriorly. The species is frequent and abundant throughout the year in the intertidal mussel beds situated 200-700m from the sewage outfall of Mar del Plata city. Caulleriella galeanoi sp. nov. is characterized by a peristomium with three annulations dorsally, with grooved palps arising from annulus 3, and by smooth capillary chaetae in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1-2. Bidentate hooks are present in neuropodia from chaetiger 3, numbering 5-6 in anterior and middle chaetigers, 1-3 in posterior ones. Notopodia have 3-6 pairs of smooth capillary chaetae, decreasing in number posteriorly. From chaetiger 13-20, notopodia with 1-2 capillary chaetae and 1-2 bidentate hooks. Specimens held in aquaria supplied with water and the green alga Vaucheria sp. (Vaucheriaceae) from the intertidal zone reproduced asexually by fission. Gametes were not observed in any specimens.

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Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood, Andrea Parimuchová, and Ľubomír Kováč. "A new subterranean species of Oncopodura Carl & Lebedinsky, 1905 (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha, Oncopoduridae) from a cave in Northeastern Iran." Subterranean Biology 49 (June 3, 2024): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.49.118293.

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A new species of Oncopodura (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha, Oncopoduridae) from the Moghan cave in northeastern Iran, built in a carbonate complex of Kopet Dag mountain range, is described. Oncopodura moghanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners by (1) 6 long subequal lobes in PAO, each subdivided into 3–6 fingers, (2) dens with 7 dorsal feather-like macrosetae; at basal part with 1 dorsoexternal and 2 dorsointernal hooks, at the distal part with 1 dorsoexternal and 3 dorsointernal hooks, (3) distal part of manubrium with long feather like macrosetae reaching middle part of dens, and (4) mucro with 4 teeth, apical tooth very sharp, and 2 scales at its basal half. A table with diagnostic characters of species related to the Oncopodura moghanensis sp. nov. and an updated key to the world species of Oncopodura are provided.

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Santos Neto, J. F., N. G. S. Costa, G. B. Soares, and M. V. Domingues. "Monogenoidean parasites of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae) from Pará, Brazil: species of Diaphorocleidus and Rhinoxenoides n. gen. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae)." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 2 (2018): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000019.

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AbstractTwo new species of Diaphorocleidus and one new species of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. are described from the gills of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch) from rivers of north-eastern Pará, Brazil. Diaphorocleidus jaymedeloyolai n. sp. is characterized by a male copulatory organ (MCO) possessing three counterclockwise coils; similar anchors with subtriangular superficial roots; a ventral bar with posteromedial projection; and hooks of pairs 1, 4 and 7 approximately three times longer than hook pair 5. Diaphorocleidus sclerocolpus n. sp. differs from its congeners by a dual-branched accessory piece articulated with the MCO and a sclerotized tubular vagina with a bottle-shaped vestibule. Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is proposed and is characterized by possessing: MCO sclerotized with clockwise coils; an accessory piece articulated to the base of MCO; a sinistroventral vaginal aperture; ventral anchor with conspicuous roots; dorsal anchor with superficial root five times longer than deep root; and absence of dorsal bar. The proposal of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is also supported by its phylogenetic relationship with Protorhinoxenus prochilodi and species of Rhinoxenus, using 16 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: Rhinoxenoides n. gen. [Protorhinoxenus (Rhinoxenus curimatae (R. nyttus (R. bulbovaginatus (R. guianensis, R. piranhus, R. euryxenus (R. arietinus, R. anaclaudiae)))))].

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ALMIRÓN, ADRIANA E., JORGE R. CASCIOTTA, MARÍA DE LAS M. AZPELICUETA, and MARCELO LOUREIRO. "Redescription of Astyanax stenohalinus Messner, 1962 (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known species from Argentina and Uruguay." Zootaxa 2434, no. 1 (2010): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2434.1.5.

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Astyanax stenohalinus Messner, 1962 is redescribed based on type material and new specimens collected in many localities of Argentina and Uruguay. This species is distinguished by a combination of the following characters: possession of hooks in all fins of males, teeth not expanded distally, two or three maxillary teeth, 37–39 perforated scales in the lateral series, 25–30 branched anal-fin rays, and anal-fin origin located before a vertical through last dorsal-fin ray insertions.

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Mehrafrooz, Mayvan Mahmood, Andrea Parimuchová, and Ľubomír Kováč. "A new subterranean species of Oncopodura Carl & Lebedinsky, 1905 (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha, Oncopoduridae) from a cave in Northeastern Iran." Subterranean Biology 49 (June 3, 2024): 31–51. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.49.118293.

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A new species of Oncopodura (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha, Oncopoduridae) from the Moghan cave in northeastern Iran, built in a carbonate complex of Kopet Dag mountain range, is described. Oncopodura moghanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners by (1) 6 long subequal lobes in PAO, each subdivided into 3–6 fingers, (2) dens with 7 dorsal feather-like macrosetae; at basal part with 1 dorsoexternal and 2 dorsointernal hooks, at the distal part with 1 dorsoexternal and 3 dorsointernal hooks, (3) distal part of manubrium with long feather like macrosetae reaching middle part of dens, and (4) mucro with 4 teeth, apical tooth very sharp, and 2 scales at its basal half. A table with diagnostic characters of species related to the Oncopodura moghanensis sp. nov. and an updated key to the world species of Oncopodura are provided.

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DELGADO-BLAS, VÍCTOR H., and IDALYD FONSECA-GONZÁLEZ. "Two new species of spionids from the genera Apoprionospio Foster, 1969 and Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean." Zootaxa 5256, no. 2 (2023): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.2.4.

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Two species of genera Apoprionospio and Prionospio are described from the Colombian Caribbean. Apoprionospio sanguarensis sp. nov. and Prionospio gabriellae sp. nov. are new to science. Apoprionospio sanguarensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the three previously described Apoprionospio species by having the smallest body size, triangular prostomium, three pairs of eyes, the branchial pairs 1–3 are cirriform, wrinkled, the anterior notochaetae arranged from chaetiger 2 onwards arranged in three rows, and all hooded hooks lack secondary hoods. Prionospio gabriellae sp. nov. is distinguished from all Prionospio species with five branchial pairs by having dorsal crests across the dorsum on chaetigers 16–25. Closely related species are P. heterobranchia Moore, 1907 and P. caribensis Delgado-Blas, 2014 and Prionospio gabriellae sp. nov. differs from both species in that it has a small medial peak in the dorsal region of prostomium, the first neuropodial lamellae is very small, the shaped of branchial pairs 2 and 3 are cirriform, neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on chaetiger 2 is square, all chaetae of chaetiger 1 are arranged in a row. We propose raising the status of Apoprionospio dayi japonica Imajima, 1989 to the species level as A. japonica Imajima, 1989. A key and a table detailing the most relevant characters of Apoprionospio species and a key to all species of Prionospio with five pairs of branchiae are provided.

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Miquelarena, Amalia M., and Hugo L. López. "Hyphessobrycon nicolasi (Teleostei: Characidae) a new species from the Uruguay River basin in the Mesopotamian Region, Argentina." Neotropical Ichthyology 8, no. 1 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252010000100001.

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Hyphessobrycon nicolasi is described from the Uruguay River basin in the Mesopotamian Region, Entre Ríos, Argentina. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a well-defined oblique and marginal black stripe on each lobe of the caudal fin. Other characters defining H. nicolasi are the possession of 1-3 teeth with 3-10 cusps on maxilla; outer premaxillary row with 2-3 small teeth, with 5 or 7 cusps; iv-vi, 27-36 anal-fin rays; 33-36 scales on the longitudinal series; two vertical dark spots on the humeral region; dorsal and anal fins dappled in black and base of caudal fin bearing conspicuous black spot; and the presence of bony hooks on the rays of dorsal, anal and caudal fins of the mature males.

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Cohen, Simone C., Marcia C. N. Justo, Daniele V. S. Gen, and Walter A. Boeger. "Dactylogyridae (Monogenoidea, Polyonchoinea) from the gills of Auchenipterus nuchalis (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) from the Tocantins River, Brazil." Parasite 27 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020002.

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Two species of Cosmetocleithrum Kritsky, Thatcher & Boeger, 1986 (both new) and two species of Demidospermus Suriano, 1983 (one new) are reported from the gills of the catfish Auchenipterus nuchalis, popularly known as “mapará”, from the Tocantins River and tributaries, North Region of Brazil. Cosmetocleithrum berecae n. sp. differs from all other species presently known in the genus by the morphology of the anchors presenting an elongate shaft and short recurved point, a coiled male copulatory organ (MCO) with three rings, and an elongate slender accessory piece with a bifurcated distal end. Cosmetocleithrum nunani n. sp. differs from its congeners by the combination of the following features: (1) Ventral and dorsal anchors with moderately long curved shaft and short point; (2) Hooks with poorly developed thumb; (3) Hook pairs 5 and 6 similar to each other, but morphologically distinct from remaining hook pairs; and (4) MCO coiled, with approximately 1.5 rings. Demidospermus tocantinensis n. sp. is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by presenting an inverted-G-shaped MCO with a median knee-like expansion. Demidospermus osteomystax Tavernari, Takemoto, Lacerda & Pavanelli, 2010 is redescribed based on paratypes and specimens from the gills of A. nuchalis from the Tocantins River, a new host and locality records for this species. The monotypic Paracosmetocleithrum Acosta, Scholz, Blasco-Costa, Alves & Silva, 2017, the only other Neotropical genus reported in siluriforms besides Cosmetocleithrum with species presenting two ribbon-like projections on the posterior margin of the dorsal bar, is considered a junior subjective synonym of Cosmetocleithrum.

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ERICKSON, RICKY-LEE, and ROBIN S. WILSON. "A new Laubieriellus species (Annelida, Spionidae) from Western Australia." Zootaxa 4461, no. 2 (2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4461.2.7.

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A new annelid species within the Prionospio- complex (Spionidae), Laubieriellus cacatua sp. nov., is described from material collected from the continental slope off the western margin of Australia. Laubieriellus cacatua sp. nov. is distinguished by having dorsal crests from chaetigers 6 to 11 and ventral crests on chaetigers 2 to 11. Neuropodial hooded hooks are present from chaetiger 10, with 2 pairs of apical teeth above the main tooth. Ventral sabre chaetae are present from chaetiger 10. This is the first record of Laubieriellus in Australia.

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BENINE, RICARDO C., and GUILHERME A. M. LOPES. "A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from rio Portuguesa, rio Orinoco basin, Venezuela." Zootaxa 1747, no. 1 (2008): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1747.1.3.

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A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from tributaries of the río Portuguesa, río Orinoco Basin, Venezuela. The new species is diagnosed from congeners by the presence of two large hooks on each side of the anal fin in adult males (processes of last unbranched and first branched anal-fin rays), distal third of caudal-fin black except for its distal tips (which are hyaline), anal-fin rays v,19–21, and dorsal-fin rays ii,8. Comments on its generic status and putative relationships are provided.

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Klassen, G. J., and M. Beverley-Burton. "Ligictaluridus Beverley-Burton, 1984 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from catfishes (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) in North America with redescriptions of the type species, Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936), and three others." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 3 (1985): 715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-101.

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Ligictaluridus Beverley-Burton, 1984 has been proposed for ancyrocephalid monogeneans found on North American catfishes (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae). The genus is characterized by the following: penis curved, sclerotized, tubular; accessory piece with proximally articulating base and distally projecting limb of varying size and shape; dorsal and ventral hamuli with slender, curving shaft, dorsal hamuli smaller than ventral; dorsal and ventral transverse bars bowed with flange projecting medianly; larval hooks of variable size and shape. The type species, Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984, together with L. monticellii (Cognetti de Martiis, 1924) n. comb., L. floridanus (Mueller, 1936) Beverley-Burton, 1984, and L. mirabilis (Mueller, 1937) n. comb., is redescribed. The finding of L. monticellii on Ictalurus nebulosus taken in Lake Erie, Ontario, is a new record for North America. All the above species, as well as L. bychowskyi (Price and Mura, 1969) n. comb., are transferred from Cleidodiscus Mueller, 1934. The effects of variable cover-slip pressure and different preservation techniques on the morphology of some of the sclerotized structures are discussed.

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Bertaco, Vinicius A., and Luiz R. Malabarba. "A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper rio Tocantins drainage, with bony hooks on fins." Neotropical Ichthyology 3, no. 1 (2005): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252005000100004.

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A new species of characid, Hyphessobrycon hamatus, is described from the upper rio Tocantins, Goiás, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hyphessobrycon species by the presence of bony hooks on dorsal, anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins of males, the two black humeral spots, the 4 or 5 teeth in the inner series of the premaxilla, a maxilla with 2-3 teeth, the iii-v, 16-18 anal-fin rays, and a lateral line with 10-32 perforated scales and 33-35 scales in a longitudinal series.

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TRYGVADÓTTIR, BIRNA VÁR, and REINHARDT MØBJERG KRISTENSEN. "Eohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada, Tardigrada) from the Faroe Islands with the description of a new genus containing three new species." Zootaxa 2886, no. 1 (2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2886.1.4.

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A diverse eutardigrade fauna of the family Eohypsibiidae Bertolani & Kristensen, 1987 was collected on the Faroe Islands. The first record of Bertolanius weglarskae (Dastych, 1972) and new records of Eohypsibius nadjae Kristensen, 1982 are documented. The new genus Austeruseus is established and three new species, Austeruseus faeroensis, nov. sp., A. balduri nov. sp. and A. rokuri nov. sp. are described. The genus differentiates from the genera Bertolanius and Eohypsibius in the buccal tube. The apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles are (two or six) lateral hooks and the entire length of the mouth and buccal tube are straight in Austeruseus, while Bertolanius and Eohypsibius have the apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles as crests with ventral and dorsal hooks, and the mouth and buccal tube are flared or trumpet shaped. With five species the Faroese tardigrade fauna is the richest in the world with regard to the family Eohypsibiidae. The genus Austeruseus is primarily found in mosses at high mountain biotopes, and the new genus may be a glacial relic.

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ALBORNOZ-GARZÓN, JUAN G., CRISTHIAN C. CONDE-SALDAÑA, JORGE E. GARCÍA-MELO, DONALD C. TAPHORN, and FRANCISCO A. VILLA-NAVARRO. "A new species of Creagrutus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the upper Río Magdalena, Colombia." Zootaxa 4482, no. 2 (2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4482.2.6.

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A new species of Creagrutus is described from several localities in the upper Río Magdalena drainage, Colombia. Creagrutus dulima n. sp. differs from all trans-Andean congeners by the combination of a relatively small orbital diameter, the shape and position of hooks on the pelvic-fin rays, in having the third infraorbital not in contact with the preopercle ventrally, and the presence of a dark, reticulated pigmentation pattern on the dorsal portion of body. The distribution of Creagrutus species in the Magdalena-Cauca River Basin is discussed, and an updated identification key for species of trans-Andean Creagrutus is provided.

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GARCÍA–ALZATE, CARLOS A., CÉSAR ROMÁN–VALENCIA, and DONALD C. TAPHORN. "A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the San Juan River drainage, Pacific versant of Colombia." Zootaxa 2349, no. 1 (2010): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2349.1.4.

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We describe a new species, Hyphessobrycon sebastiani, from the San Juan River drainage of the Pacific versant of Colombia. This new species of Hyphessobrycon is distinguished from all congeners that share two humeral spots and no caudal blotch by having: five unbranched and 25 to 28 branched anal–fin rays; 12–13 branched pectoral–fin rays; 35–37 scales in the longitudinal series; eight scales between the lateral line and the dorsal–fin origin; 12–13 predorsal scales; 13–18 pored lateral–line scales and three pairs of large bony hooks on anal fin of mature males.

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García-Garza, M. E., and J. A. de León-González. "A new species of Dasybranchethus (Annelida: Capitellidae) from Mexican Pacific, with a redescription of Dasybranchethus fauveli." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 7 (2009): 1437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409000241.

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Dasybranchetus pacifica, collected in Concepcion Bay, Baja California Sur, Gulf of California, is described as a new species. In addition, the type species of the genus, Dasybranchetus fauveli Monro, 1931, is redescribed based on type material. The new species differs from D. fauveli in the absence of branchiae, the begining of the mid-dorsal lobe from chaetiger 2 instead of chaetiger 9, abdominal segments with well-developed neuropodial lobes, and hooded hooks with a main fang and three rows of subapical teeth in the following arrangement: 4 teeth in the basal line, 3 in the middle line, and 2 in the apical line.

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Azpelicueta, María, and Marcelo Loureiro. "Astyanax laticeps (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from rivers and streams of Uruguay." Vertebrate Zoology 59, no. 1 (2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.59.e30940.

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Astyanax laticeps (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from rivers and streams of Uruguay. – Astyanax laticeps is recorded from different streams of Laguna Merín, Laguna Castillos and Laguna de Rocha basins (Uruguay). The species is recognized by low body (28.2-37.3 % of SL), blunt snout, 1–4 maxillary teeth, 18–24 branched anal-fin rays, 36–39 perforated scales in lateral line, short caudal peduncle (12.6–13.7 % of SL), dorsal-fin origin nearer snout than caudal-fin rays origin, a horizontally oval or rounded humeral spot, surrounded by a light area, mature males with bony hooks on branched pelvic-fin rays and anteriormost anal-fins rays.

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Azpelicueta, María, and MARCELO Loureiro. "Astyanax laticeps (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from rivers and streams of Uruguay PDF." Vertebrate Zoology 59 (May 15, 2009): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.59.e30940.

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JOURDE, JÉRÔME, NICOLAS LAVESQUE, CÉLINE LABRUNE, et al. "New insights in the biogeographical distributions of two Spionidae (Annelida) from the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean French coasts." Zoosymposia 19, no. 1 (2020): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.19.1.18.

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We report the first occurrences of Spiophanes afer Meißner, 2005 and Prionospio cristaventralis Delgado-Blas, Díaz-Díaz & Viéitez, 2018 from French marine waters (from the southern part of the Bay of Biscay in NE Atlantic, and the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean Sea). Morphological characters of S. afer include the presence of an occipital antenna, dorsal ciliated organs extending to chaetigers 13–15, neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 15, ventrolateral intersegmental pouches from chaetigers 14–15, chaetal spreaders of “2+3 type”, and conspicuous dark brown pigmentation on parapodia of chaetigers 9–13. Prionospio cristaventralis has four pairs of branchiae (1st and 4th pinnate, 2nd and 3rd apinnate), ventral crests from chaetigers 11–12, high dorsal crests on chaetigers 10–11, and very large notopodial prechaetal lamellae on anterior chaetigers. Both records represent northern extensions of their known distributions. However, the presence of S. afer on French coasts may have been overlooked for several decades. The validity of the recently proposed Spiophanes adriaticus is questioned.

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PÉREZ-PECH, WILBERT ANDRÉS, ALBERTO DE JESÚS-NAVARRATE, ERICA DEMILIO, ABRIL ANGUAS-ESCALANTE, and JESPER GULDBERG HANSEN. "Marine Tardigrada from the Mexican Caribbean with the description of Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Styraconyxidae)." Zootaxa 4731, no. 4 (2020): 492–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.3.

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Marine tardigrades were sampled at three sites on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. Eleven taxa were collected, one of which is described as a new species. Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. is characterized by: asymmetric primary clavae; dorsal cuticle with a grid-like sculpture; claws with reduced accessory hooks; females with peduncles on only two digits (the external) of legs I–IV; males with peduncles only on the external digits of legs I–III and peduncles on all four digits of leg IV. Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. is most similar to S. craticuliformis Chang & Rho, 1998 and S. kristenseni Renaud-Mornant, 1981 by having asymmetric primary clavae but differs from S. craticuliformis mainly by the number of peduncles and from S. kristenseni mainly by the presence of a grid-like dorsal sculpture. Additionally, a comparison of material collected from the same region, but reported previously only as genus level records, was carried out in order to produce a refined list of the known Mexican marine tardigrade species.

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D'Alessandro, Michela, Luca Castriota, Teresa Maggio, et al. "Spiophanes adriaticus, a new species from the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 1 (2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419001061.

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AbstractMorphological and genetic investigations have led to the identification of Spiophanes adriaticus sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the North Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean). A total of 81 specimens were recorded along the sublittoral zone between 8 and 27.5 m of depth. This species differs from other congeners by having: two pairs of black eyes, a cirriform occipital antenna, dorsal ciliated organs as thin bands usually extending to chaetigers 11–12, dorsal ciliated crests from chaetiger 14–17, undulate glandular opening on chaetigers 5–7, unhooded hooks from the 15th chaetiger and Y shaped tubes. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new species. Through DNA barcoding results and comparison of DNA sequences of the new species with those of other congeners available in the GenBank database, the validity of the new finding was confirmed. Spiophanes adriaticus sp. nov. represents the eighth species of Spiophanes recorded for the Mediterranean Sea. A key for the identification of Mediterranean Spiophanes species is also provided.

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Román-Valencia, C., and D. K. Arcila-Mesa. "Two new species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Magdalena River, Colombia." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 32, no. 2 (2009): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2009.32.0077.

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Hemibrycon brevispini n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the presence of hooks on all fins, and by an elongate projection on the fourth ventral neural arc near the first neural post-zygotic apophysis. Hemibrycon cairoense n. sp. can be distinguished from congeners by having nine proximal pteryigiophores in the dorsal fins including the terminal piece (vs. > 10). It can be distinguished from Hemibrycon species in the Upper and Middle Cauca Rivers by the number of pored lateral-line scales (43-46 vs. > 46 o < 43; F = 13.67; p < 0.000). Ecological data concerning the aquatic habitat of the taxa are presented.

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BUDAEVA, NATALIYA. "Leptoecia midatlantica, a new species of the deep-sea quill-worms (Polychaeta: Onuphidae: Hyalinoeciinae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge." Zootaxa 3176, no. 1 (2012): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3176.1.2.

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A new species of the genus Leptoecia Chamberlin, 1919, collected from the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic ridge at depths around 2100–2700 m, is described. Leptoecia midatlantica sp. nov., is characterized by the presence of both uni- and bidentate simple falcigers on the first pair of parapodia, presence of dorsal cirri on all chaetigers, dorsoventrally flattened organic tube, and appearance of the first subacicular hooks around chaetiger 28–39. The unusually high intraspecific variability of several morphological characters (dentition of falcigers, shape of prostomium, and number of anal cirri) in the examined material is described. A key for the seven known species of the genus Leptoecia is provided.

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Adhem, Noor-Aldeen, and Safaa M. Kreem. "Morphological and Molecular Detection of Oestrus ovis Isolated from Goats in Babylon Province, Iraq." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 13 (2024): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134171.

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Oestrosis caused by Oestrus ovis is a very impactful illness for the small ruminant industry in Iraq, resulting in substantial economic losses. The present study was conducted to characterize Oestrus ovis of Larvae morphologically and molecularly from goat at a slaughter house in Babylon province, Iraq. The study relied on the collection of 50 larvae at various developmental stages between November 2023, and March 2024. The morphological analysis was conducted with a stereomicroscope depend on distinct larval traits such as the dorsal and ventral position, spiracles, hooks, and cephalopharyngeal skeleton. The molecular characterization involved PCR and PGS techniques on the COX1 gene, focusing on a 330-bp section. In terms of morphology, the L1 larvae had unique mouth hooks, while the L2 larvae showed noticeable terminal stigmas. The most important traits of the L3 were the colour of their body parts and the existence of the spines. PCR analysis showed successful amplification at 330bp regions in 12 isolates. The PGS analysis found 12 unique local isolates that have genetic similarities with isolates from Spain and Czech Republic. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant important of Oestrus ovis in goats in Babylon province, Iraq.

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Baldwin, Nevan G., and Edward C. Benzel. "Sacral fixation using iliac instrumentation and a variable-angle screw device." Journal of Neurosurgery 81, no. 2 (1994): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1994.81.2.0313.

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✓ Secure fixation of the sacrum is technically challenging. The bone of the dorsal sacral surface is often thin, making hook fixation tenuous. The use of bone screws in the sacral pedicles has gained popularity, but rigidity is often not achieved and screw pullout is common. Solid constructs have been achieved using angled rods to stabilize the ilium, but these methods are technically difficult and time-consuming to perform. A technique is described that achieves rigid sacral fixation by adding a bone screw placed through both cortical surfaces of the ilium. This bone screw is a new type that allows attachment to a rod at variable angles. It permits easy attachment to an appropriately contoured rod, which is affixed to sacral hooks or screws. The resulting configuration of the bone-metal interface creates a tripod for load distribution. Additionally, the splayed geometry of these purchase sites provides a significant biomechanical advantage preventing the instrument from being pulled out. The technique for this fixation method, particularly for patients with complex spinal disorders, is described. Use of this new technique provides significant advantages to the spine surgeon in situations in which substantial sacral fixation integrity is necessary.

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DE OLIVEIRA, GLAUCYA SILVA, REINALDO JOSÉ DA SILVA, FERNANDO EMMANUEL GONÇALVES VIEIRA, and ALINE ANGELINA ACOSTA. "Urocleidoides spp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the gills of Parodon nasus (Characiformes: Parodontidae) from a Brazilian stream with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 5081, no. 4 (2021): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.4.5.

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Urocleidoides spp. are reported from the gills of 20 specimens of Parodon nasus (standard length 8.5–12 cm), from the Indiana stream, Tietê River, Upper Paraná River basin, municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Urocleoidoides tenuis and two new species were found. Urocleidoides indianensis n. sp. differs from its congeners mainly by the morphology of the vaginal sclerite that is robust, sickle-shaped, and forked at the distal end; and by the bulbous-shaped accessory piece of the male copulatory complex. Urocleidoides parodoni n. sp. resembles U. tenuis by presenting male copulatory organ with approximately 7 ½ counterclockwise rings, but differs by the morphology of the accessory piece (lobate with a small hook-like projection versus pincer-shaped), vaginal sclerite (thumb-like subterminal projection vs. presence of a distal hook), vaginal tube (conspicuously sclerotized vs. slightly sclerotized), shape of the ventral bar (bowed vs. wide V-shaped), ventral and dorsal anchors (robust base and short shaft vs. considerably less robust base and long shaft), and hooks (slender shank with a weakly sclerotized subunit at base vs. dilated shank). Sequences of the partial 28S rDNA gene of the dactylogyrids found in this study are provided. Phylogenetic analyses showed Urocledoides spp. from Parodontidae clustering together with strong support values. This study increases the number of valid Urocleidoides species to 39, and the number of species described from parodontid hosts to four.

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Lo Russo, Virginia, and Catalina T. Pastor de Ward. "Neochromadora alejandroi sp. n. (Chromadorida: Chromadoridae) and Cobbia macrodentata sp. n. (Monhysterida: Xyalidae), two new species of free-living marine nematodes from the Patagonian coast." Nematology 14, no. 7 (2012): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854112x627327.

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Two new species belonging to the genera Neochromadora and Cobbia from the coastal zone of Patagonia, in the Río Negro and Chubut provinces of Argentina, are described. Neochromadora alejandroi sp. n. is characterised by gubernaculum and spicule shape, the presence of a thick cuticle on subventral tail area, shape of the pharyngeal bulb and length of the cephalic and somatic setae. Cobbia macrodentata sp. n. is characterised by the amphid position, the presence of a large dorsal tooth, the size and length of the cephalic setae, the shape of the gubernaculum which has small hooks at the distal end and the presence of precloacal pores. Keys to the species of both genera are provided.

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JIMI, NAOTO, SHINTA FUJIMOTO, AKITO OGAWA, YOSHIHISA FUJITA, YUYA SHIGENOBU, and SATOSHI IMURA. "Two new species of Fauveliopsidae (Annelida, Sedentaria) from submarine caves and deep sea, Japan." Zootaxa 4878, no. 2 (2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.11.

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Two new species of fauveliopsid annelids, Fauveliopsis antri sp. nov. and Laubieriopsis soyoae sp. nov., are described based on specimens collected from Japanese waters. Fauveliopsis antri sp. nov. inhabits submarine caves and can be discriminated from the other congeners by the following features: i) 32 chaetigers, ii) chaetigers 1–3 with stout hooks, iii) minute body (about 1 mm in length), iv) all parapodia with same number of chaetae (2 notochaetae; 2 neurochaetae), and v) presence of dorsal and ventral papillae. Laubieriopsis soyoae sp. nov. inhabits deep water sediments and can be distinguished from the other congeners by: i) 24 chaetigers, ii) chaetigers 1–3 without annulations, and iii) acicular chaetae with tips entire, without denticles.

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SEMELBAUER, MAREK, and MILAN KOZÁNEK. "Morphology of preimaginal stages of Minettia longipennis Fabricius (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) MAREK SEMELBAUER & MILAN KOZÁNEK (Slovakia)." Zootaxa 3012, no. 1 (2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3012.1.2.

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Scanning electron microscopy documentation of all preimaginal stages of the lauxaniid species Minettia longipennis (Fabricius) is presented for the first time. Images of the following morphological structures of all larval instars are provided: pseudocephalon, antenna, maxillary palpus, facial mask, cirri, mouth hooks, ambulatory lobes, anterior and posterior spiracles. Illustrations of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton for all three instars in lateral, ventral and dorsal views are provided. All instars are clearly separable by morphological features. The first instar has unique modification of the facial mask and structure of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Second and third instars are similar in overall form and differ in details in structure of the mouthooks and anterior spiracles, and by the number of pharyngeal ridges.

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Zhang, Jinghuai, and Jian-Wen Qiu. "A new species of Pectinaria (Annelida, Pectinariidae), with a key to pectinariids from the South China Sea." ZooKeys 683 (July 10, 2017): 139–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12272.

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Pectinariidae is a family of polychaetes building unique ice-cream cone shaped sandy tubes. Pectinaria torquata sp. n. (Pectinariidae) is described from the coastal waters of the northern South China Sea. This new species can be distinguished from all other 25 recognized species in the genus by a combination of characters: 16 chaetigers; 26–32 cirri in the cephalic veil; 11–12 pairs of cephalic spines; uncini with major teeth arranged in two rows, each with 7–8 major teeth; presence of a dorsal posterior lobe on segments 2 and 20; 4–5 pairs of curved scaphal hooks; and an anal flap with a crenulated margin. A key to all recognized pectinariids in the South China Sea is provided.

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KOBAYASHI, SHIGEKI, GUO-HUA HUANG, AKIHIRO NAKAMURA, and TOSHIYA HIROWATARI. "Four new species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) from China and Japan, and description of the pupal morphology of the genera Corythoxestis, Eumetriochroa, Guttigera, and Metriochroa." Zootaxa 3619, no. 2 (2013): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.2.1.

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Four new leaf mining Oecophyllembiinae (Gracillariidae) species are described from Chinaand Japan: Metriochroa sym-plocosella sp. nov. (host plants: Symplocos anomala, S. sumuntia, Symplocaceae) from China, Guttigera schefflerella sp. nov. (host plant: Schefflera octophylla, Araliaceae), Eumetriochroa araliella sp. nov. (host plants: Dendropanax trifidus, Evodiopanax innovans, Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides and Fatsia japonica, Araliaceae) and Corythoxestis tricalysiel-la sp. nov. (host plant: Tricalysia dubia, Rubiaceae) from Japan. Corythoxestis sunosei (Kumata, 1998) is recorded from new host plants: Adina pilulifera and Mussaenda parviflora, Rubiaceae, from Japan. The female adult and pupal morphol-ogies, life history and host plant of the genus Guttigera are described for the first time. Pupae of seven species of four genera: Corythoxestis, Eumetriochroa, Guttigera, and Metriochroa, are described for the first time. We provide morpho-logical diagnostic differences between species and genera of Oecophyllembiinae and Phyllocnistis. Our preliminary data suggest that Oecophyllembiinae species have three valuable pupal diagnostic characters: 1) cocoon cutter with unique lat-eral processes or setae on the clypeus, 2) tergal spines with only a pair of dorsal setae, and 3) cremaster with more than two pairs of caudal processes, while Phyllocnistis species possess 1) cocoon cutter without lateral processes or setae on clypeus, 2) tergal spines with a pair of dorsal setae and dorsal hooks, and 3) cremaster with only a pair of caudal processes.

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BLAKE, JAMES A., and PATRICIA A. RAMEY-BALCI. "A new genus and species of spionid polychaete (Annelida, Spionidae) from a deep-water cold seep site in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea off Turkey." Zoosymposia 19, no. 1 (2020): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.19.1.14.

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A new spionid polychaete was discovered in deep-sea sediments in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during an expedition by the Ocean Exploration Trust. Specimens were collected by the E/V Nautilus in August 2012 off Turkey, at a depth of 2216 m on the Anaximander Seamount at the Amsterdam mud volcano site. Cores were taken from sediments covered with microbial mats. The new species belongs to the Pygospiopsis-Atherospio Group, which has unusual neuropodial hooks, modified neurosetae in some anterior setigers, and branchiae in middle body segments that are broad, flattened, and fused to the dorsal lamellae. The new species is assigned to a new genus and species, Aciculaspio anaximanderi n. gen., n. sp., and is unusual in having a reduced setiger 1 lacking notosetae; well-developed pre- and postsetal lamellae that encompass the neurosetae and notosetae; notopodial lamellae free from the branchiae in anterior setigers that become fused and flattened in middle and posterior segments; unidentate hooded hooks in both noto- and neuropodia; neuropodial spines in setigers 4–10; and a pygidium with three anal cirri. Aciculaspio anaximanderi n. gen., n. sp. is the first species in the Atherospio-Pygospiopsis Group collected from a deep-water cold seep habitat.

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AL-AIDAROOS, ALI M., A. A. J. KUMAR, AHMED E. AL-HAJ, ABDULMOHSIN AL-SOFYANI, MICHAEL P. CROSBY, and MOHSEN M. EL-SHERBINY. "Morphology of the complete larval stages of Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Saudi Arabia." Zootaxa 4638, no. 2 (2019): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4638.2.2.

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Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) sensu lato has been recognized as a species complex comprising four species. Of these four species, the larval stages of all except Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775), have been described. The larvae of P. segnis, hatched from an ovigerous female, caught in the Gulf of Aqaba, were cultured in the laboratory up to the megalopa stage. All the larval stages are described herein for the first time. The number of aesthetascs of the antennules of all the zoeal stages of P. segnis differs from those of the larvae of the other species of the P. pelagicus species complex. In the telson forks of zoea I–IV of P. segnis, there is a pair of ventral spines and two pairs of dorsal spines, whereas in the other P. pelagicus species complex larvae, there is a pair each of ventral and dorsal spines. Another unique feature, in the megalopa of P. segnis, are two endopod hooks in pleonites I–V. Different zoeal and megalopal stages of P. segnis can be distinguished clearly from the other P. pelagicus species complex larvae based on the number of setae and patterns of different appendages.

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MEIßNER, KARIN, and MIRIAM BLANK. "Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae)a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies." Zootaxa 2278, no. 1 (2009): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2278.1.1.

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Morphological and genetic studies of specimens identified as Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870) revealed that the supposedly cosmopolitan species represents a species complex. Species belonging to this complex are S. bombyx (Claparède, 1870), S. aucklandicus Meißner, 2005, S. uschakowi Zachs, 1933 and the newly described S. norrisi. Morphological differences between these species are slight and concern the start of sabre chaetae, the shape of dorsal ciliated organs, and the start and number of neuropodial hooks in relation to body size. Specimens from the Atlantic Ocean examined in the course of this study also belong to this species complex but could not be assigned to any of the known species. Genetic differences between S. bombyx and S. norrisi in both examined genes (18S, COI) are significant and genetic distances are comparable to distances found between sister species in other spionid taxa. As expected, the nuclear 18S rRNA is generally more conserved than the mitochondrial COI gene. The significance beyond taxonomy of dorsal ciliated organs and of the presence of sabre chaetae in certain body regions is briefly discussed, but conclusions about the phylogenetic relationships and character evolution within Spiophanes must remain tentative.

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Pamplona-Basilio, Maria Clara, Helene Santos Barbosa, and Simone Chinicz Cohen. "Scanning electron microscopy on Gotocotyla acanthura (Monogenea, Gotocotylidae) from Pomatomus saltatrix (Ostheichthyes, Pomatomidae) in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 4 (2011): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000400016.

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Gotocotyla acanthura (Parona & Perugia, 1896) Meserve, 1938 collected from the gills of Pomatomus saltatrix from the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro state was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study demonstrated the presence of a buccal cavity, a genital atrium on the ventral surface and a muscular structure on the dorsal surface at the level of the body constriction. An elongated haptor with 80 to 120 pedunculated clamps symmetrically distributed in two rows, with rib-like thickenings and a curved lappet bearing a pair of hooks at the posterior extremity of the body were also observed. The cirrus could be seen protruding from the genital atrium, armed with pectinate spines along its length and presenting up to eight pointed spines around the genital atrium.

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Radashevsky, Vasily I., and Alvaro E. Migotto. "Morphology and biology of a new Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) species from Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 3 (2008): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540800177x.

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Adults of Pseudopolydora rosebelae sp. nov. inhabit silty tubes on muddy bottoms in shallow water in southern Brazil, states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. They are rare and extremely delicate, attaining 20 mm long for 55 chaetigers. The worms are distinctive by their colourful yellow and black pigmentation on the anterior part of body and palps, prominent transverse hood on the dorsal anterior edge of chaetiger 3, and lack of coloured respiratory pigment in blood. Of 12 examined individuals, all were females. Oogenesis is intraovarian; oocytes develop from chaetigers 14–15 to chaetigers 24–36. Recently laid oocytes were about 150 μm in diameter, with embryos and developing larvae found in capsules inside female tubes in March–June. Broods comprised up to 23 capsules with 400 propagules. Capsules were joined to each other in a string and each attached by a single thin stalk to the inner wall of the tube. Larvae hatched at the 4-chaetiger stage and fed on plankton. Pelagic larvae are unique among Pseudopolydora in having large ramified mid-dorsal melanophores from chaetiger 3 onwards. Competent larvae are able to settle and metamorphose at the 15-chaetiger stage, but can remain planktonic up to 18 chaetigers. They have one pair of unpigmented ocelli and three pairs of black eyes in the prostomium, unpaired ramified mid-dorsal melanophores on chaetiger 1 and on the pygidium, ramified lateral melanophores on chaetigers 5–10, prominent yellow chromatophores in the prostomium, peristomium, on dorsal and ventral sides of chaetigers and in the pygidium. Branchiae are present on chaetigers 7–10, and gastrotrochs are arranged on chaetigers 3, 5, 7 and 12. Provisional serrated bristles are present in all notopodia, and hooks are present in neuropodia from chaetiger 8 onwards. Two pairs of provisional protonephridia are present in chaetigers 1 and 2, and adult metanephridia are present from chaetiger 4.

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