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Academic literature on the topic 'Dual purpose kerosene'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dual purpose kerosene"
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T., N. Chikwe, and C. Onojake M. "Adulterating the quality of automotive gas oil using dual purpose kerosene: Effects on compression ignition engines, humans and environment." Chemistry International 6, no. 2 (2020): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3361114.
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Five combustible mixtures of automotive gas oil and dual purpose kerosene were obtained from a retail outlet and blended into different automotive gas oil (AGO) and dual purpose kerosene (DPK) proportions (85:15, 75: 25, 50:50, 25:75 & 15:85% (v/v)). Samples were analyzed using densitometer, hydrometer, karl fischer titrator, pour and cloud point tester based on American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) with the aim of delimiting the degree to which adulteration affects the quality of the pure sample, impact on the environment as well as the effects on compression ignition engines. Results obtained from the analyses of the blended ratios show the following parameters in the ranges; density (0.858–0.827g/cm<sup>3</sup>); specific gravity@60 <sup>0</sup>F (0.859–0.828), kinematic viscosity (4.800–1.200 cSt), cloud point (7.000–2.000 <sup>o</sup>C), pour point (-15.000 – < -34.000 <sup>o</sup>C) and moisture content (500.000–1200.000 ppm). Results of the analyses showed that 85 % dual purpose kerosene in the blended mixture fell below American Standard for testing and materials (ASTM) and Department for Petroleum Resources (DPR) acceptable standard in terms of viscosity. A maximum of 15% dual purpose kerosene in the blended mixture fell within ASTM specification in terms of moisture content. Specific gravity, density, cloud point and pour point of all the bended samples were within specification. Adulterating automotive gas oil with dual purpose kerosene at (≥ 15:85 %) AGO:DPK ratio as well as the use of biomass as an alternative source of energy due to diversion of dual purpose kerosene for adulteration, results in the release of various types of harmful poly aromatic hydrocarbons to the environment through the exhaust of diesel engines and cooking respectively. It can also lead to reduction in compression ratio, power loss as well as wear and tear of engine parts.
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Adelaja, Adekunle Omolade, and Sunday Joshua Ojolo. "Future projections for domestic consumption of dual purpose kerosene in Nigeria." International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 9, no. 3/4 (2013): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2013.060102.
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Maku, Olukayode Emmanuel, S. Adetayo Adetowubo-King, and O. ,. Oyelade Aduralere. "IMPACT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT PRICE ON HUMAN WELFARE IN NIGERIA." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 29, no. 4 (2018): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/2906.
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The single most important issue confronting a growing number of world economies today is the price of oil and its attendant consequences on economic output. Therefore the study investigated the impact of petroleum pump price on human welfare in Nigeria over the period 1990 to 2015. The study employed expost facto research design. Secondary time series data were used for the study and these were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI, 2015) and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, (CBN, 2015). The data collected were analyzed using autoregressive distributed lag. The inferences were drown at 1% and 5% significance level. The result showed that premium motor spirit price and dual purpose kerosene price exert a long-run negative and significant impact on human welfare in Nigeria (β = -0.15299, t = -5.31141 and β = -0.471399, t = -1.8838 respectively) while premium motor spirit price, dual purpose kerosene price and inflation rate exert a short-run negative and significant impact on human welfare in Nigeria (β = -0.71735, t= -4.3766; β = -0.62562, t = -2.9188 and β = -0.050310, t = -2.1829 respectively). The study concluded that as premium motor spirit price and dual purpose kerosene price and inflation rate increases, human welfare will fall and vice versa. Therefore for human welfare to increase, there must be a fall in premium motor spirit price and dual purpose kerosene price and inflation rate in Nigeria. The study recommended that Government and it agencies should ensure that petroleum pump prices should be regulated because they have a long way on the market. An increase in the price of petroleum products will lead to market failure because most products use either of these products. Since inflation rate worsen the welfare of people, the policy maker should find a way of control inflation in the system so that the welfare of the people will improve (better-off).
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Abdullahi, Ibrahim Alhaji, Nteegah, Alwell, and Kalu, Ijeoma. "Petroleum Products Pricing and Price Stability in Nigeria: An ARDL Investigation." Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 18, no. 5 (2024): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5647.
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This study employed the Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) technique to investigate the effect of petroleum products pricing on price level in Nigeria over the period 1990 – 2022. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, data on inflation rate, price of premium motor spirit, price of automotive gas oil, price of household kerosene, price of compressed natural gas and price of crude oil were sourced from secondary source. The results of our analysis revealed that: in the long run, prices of Premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas retarded inflation level marginally while prices of automotive gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and crude oil spurred general price level marginally. Prices of premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas fueled inflation in the short run significantly while prices of automotive gas oil and crude retarded general price level. Price of dual-purpose kerosene had mixed but significant effect on price level. The study also found that a long run nexus existed between petroleum product prices and price level in Nigeria. Petroleum product prices had serious implications on the Nigeria’s economy in the short run than long run. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended Increase investment in the downstream petroleum sector and strengthening existing policies in the oil and gas sector as possible measures towards stabilizing price level in Nigeria.
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Onyemenonu, C. C., E. C. Nleonu, C. Onuguh, and A. U. Ezeibe. "Volumetric Behaviour of Binary Mixture of Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) at 303K." Science View Journal 4, no. 3 (2023): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55989/eqbt7954.
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The study of volume changes in binary mixtures is attracting considerable interest from researchers due to the degree of molecular interaction between the mixed solvent molecules and their importance in many chemical industries and engineering disciplines. The experimental values of densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of pure and binary mixtures of dual-purpose kerosene (DPK) and automotive gas oil (AGO) were obtained over the whole range of mixture composition at a temperature of 303 K. The experimental data obtained were employed to determine the excess molar volume (V_m^E), excess viscosity (VE), and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation (ΔGE) based on the molecular interactions arising due to the structural effect of the mixture. The measured viscosity values were correlated with Grunberg and Nissan, Kendel and Monroe, and Frenkel’s semi-empirical models to evaluate the best fit for the system. The results acquired were explained according to their structural differences, strength, and nature of intermolecular interactions in the binary mixture. The experimental result revealed that the binary mixture of DPK and AGO shows positive excess molar volume and negative excess viscosity. Weak, specific interactions were responsible for the dispersion force in the binary mixtures.
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Abdullahi, Ibrahim Alhaji, Nteegah Alwell, and Ijeoma Kalu. "Does Petroleum Products Pricing Stimulate Economic Growth in Nigeria? An Empirical Investigation Applying ARDL Approach." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. IV (2024): 1685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.804219.
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The rising prices of petroleum products and energy in Nigeria, coupled with a surge in poverty and a decline in living standards, necessitate an investigation into how the pricing of petroleum products has impacted Nigeria’s economic growth from 1990 – 2022. To achieve the purpose of the study, data on growth rate of gross domestic product, premium motor spirit price, automotive gas oil price, household kerosene price, compressed natural gas price and crude oil price were sourced from the World Bank and Petroleum Product Pricing and Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) and analysed by employing the Auto regressive Distributed lag (ARDL) method. Our results and findings revealed that: Prices of Premium Motor Spirit, automotive gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and crude oil were all negatively and marginally related to economic growth in the long run. Only price of compressed natural gas was positively but marginally related to economic growth. This implies that petroleum products prices had retarding effect on economic growth in Nigeria in the long run. In the short run, premium motor spirit and automotive gas oil had mixed effect on economic growth while price of household kerosene and price of crude oil were positively related to economic growth but price of compressed natural gas were negatively related to economic growth. Petroleum products prices proxied by prices of Premium Motor Spirit, Automotive Gas Oil, Household Kerosene, Compressed Natural Gas and Crude oil had less impact on economic growth in the long but had serious implications on economic growth in the short run in Nigeria over the period of the study. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended Increase investment in compressed natural gas, proper utilization of crude oil revenue and strengthening existing policies in the oil and gas sector as possible measures towards improving economic growth in Nigeria.
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Temple, Nwoburuigwe Chikwe, Etukudo Ekpo Rose, and Okoye Ifedi. "Competitive adsorption of organic solvents using modified and unmodified calcium bentonite clay mineral." Chemistry International 4, no. 4 (2018): 230–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1475395.
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Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)–modified and unmodified calcium bentonite were both used for the competitive adsorption of aromatics (xylene, ethylbenzene and toluene) and petroleum products (gasoline, dual purpose kerosene and diesel) from their aqueous solution. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and expansion tests (adsorption capacity and Foster swelling) measurement were performed in order to evaluate the performance of the adsorbents. The Foster swelling index and adsorption capacity of the DTAB modified calcium bentonite in the organic solvents follow the trend: xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene > gasoline > dual purpose kerosene (DPK) > diesel > water. However, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in diesel outweighed the adsorption capacity in DPK at high concentration of DTAB indicating that diesel has higher affinity for high DTAB concentration than DPK. The percentage removal of the solvent is directly proportional to the concentration of DTAB used in modifying the bentonite as well as the contact time between the adsorbent and the solvent, hence modified calcium bentonite adsorbed a higher percentage of organic solvents than the unmodified calcium bentonite. The adsorption characteristics of both adsorbents (modified and unmodified calcium bentonite) improved remarkably after proper agitation of the organic solvents, the unmodified calcium bentonite however adsorbed more water than the modified bentonite. Data obtained from adsorption isotherm models confirms that Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was favored more than Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with the correlation factor (R2) of the former tending more towards unity. The adsorption of ethylbenzene using DTAB modified and unmodified calcium bentonites follow a pseudo second order kinetics mechanism, suggesting that the rate determining step of adsorption involves both the adsorbent and the organic solvent.
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Wang, Ye-Qi, Ahmad Shafique, Zaib Nisa, et al. "Unsteady flow of Casson nanofluid through generalized Fourier's and Fick's law for heat and mass transfer." Thermal Science 26, Spec. issue 1 (2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci22s1029w.
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The purpose of this paper to explain the role and importance of fractional derivatives for mass and heat transfer in Casson nanofluids including clay nanoparticles. These particles can be found in water, kerosene, and engine oil. The physical flow phenomena are illustrated using PDE and thermophysical nanoparticle properties, and this paper addresses the Casson fractional fluid along with chemical reaction and heat generation. The heat and mass fluxes are generalized using the constant proportional Caputo fractional derivative. The present flow model are solved semi-analytically using the Laplace transform. We generated several graphs to understand how various flow factors affect velocity. The acquired results reveal that fractional parameters have dual behavior in velocity profiles. Velocity and temperature are also compared to previous studies. Compared to the other fractional derivatives results, field variables and proposed hybrid fractional derivatives showed a more decaying trend. Furthermore, significant results of clay nanoparticles with various base fluids have been obtained.
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Ugwu, L. L. C., and E. F. Ude. "HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS ON THE SKIN OF Heterobranchus bidorsalis JUVENILES." Continental J. Fisheries and Aquatic Science 6, no. 1 (2012): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526444.
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The histopathological effect of crude oil fractions on the skin of <em>Heterobranchus</em> <em>bidorsalis</em> (mean weight, 14.02 ± 0.36g) juveniles was studied. The exposure of the fish to 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 8.00 mL<sup>-1</sup> Bonny-light crude oil (BLCO), premium motor spirit (PMS), dual purpose kerosene (DPK), lubricating engine oil (LEO) and a control (0.00mL<sup>-1</sup>) indicated significant increases (P<0.05; P < 0.01) in the isoelectric points (IEP) of the skins of the fish with increasing oil concentrations. The exposure of the fish to BLCO elicited higher IEP values than when exposed to PMS, DPK, LEO and the control. The decline in IEP values at day 14 (40%), day 28 (60%) and day 42 (72%) of the study period reflected the magnitude of recovery of the fish skins from oil exposures, showing the extent of relief the epidermal and dermal cells of the skins had undergone from the exposure to crude oil compounds. Microscopic observation revealed some structural abnormalities among the epidermal/dermal cells. It was concluded that some fish species can store aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons derived from polluted waters and pass such compounds to higher trophic levels hence the need for improved environmental management.
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Menson, Auta Elisha, Dangiwa Elisha Yari, Kabir Abdulkarim, Priscilla Nguumbur Alkali, Kabiru Maiwada, and Nuhu Mahmud Sani. "ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORMS, SOCIAL CONTRACT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA." GUSAU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 4, no. 1 (2023): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/gujeds.v4i1.21.
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The study examined the relation among energy subsidy, social contract and poverty in Nigeria covering the period 1999-2022. The study used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) approaches to determine the outcome of long-term estimates of the ARDL robustness. The unit root tests shows that the series were stationary at levels I(0) and first difference I(1). Cointegration was established with 2 optimal lag. The results of DOLS and FMOLS show that energy reforms of petrol motor spirit, automobile gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and electricity tariffs have impacted on high level of poverty in Nigeria. The reforms have also affected control variables like inflation and per capital income as inflation erodes the purchasing power of economic agents. The study suggests the need to deepen and implement short-to medium term fuel subsidy removal using market-based pricing as a necessity to protect the poor. This should be complemented by conversion plan from petroleum to natural gas (CNG) vehicles. Strategic policies to strengthen the voice and accountability by the citizens are required. It is essential to trust between government and citizens to strengthen social contract in a manner that improves service delivery, reduce corruption and strengthen institutions which will enhance subsidy reforms more feasible.
Conference papers on the topic "Dual purpose kerosene"
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Reitmayr, Christian, Frederik Wiesmann, Thomas Gotthard, and Peter Hofmann. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of a Dual-Fuel Hydrogen–Kerosene Engine for Sustainable General Aviation." In Aerospace Technical Papers. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-6001.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is an increasingly important issue. In aviation, approaches such as e-propulsion only represent a solution for special applications due to the low energy density of batteries. Because of the low-cost and robust design of combustion engines, this concept is still the most suitable for general aviation. For defossilization, besides e-fuels and bio-fuels, which represent the so-called sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), hydrogen can serve as a promising energy carrier for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. For this purpose, the combustion process of a dual-fuel hydrogen–kerosene (Jet A-1) engine was developed and investigated for use in small aircrafts. This study explores the influence of hydrogen addition on combustion parameters, emissions, and efficiency.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">An advantage of this special design as dual-fuel engine (hydrogen and kerosene) is the possibility of redundancy operation in the event of a H<sub>2</sub> fuel system failure as well as full operational capability of the aircraft in the event of hydrogen supply difficulties at various airports. Besides test bench investigations, 3D CFD simulations were performed to optimize hydrogen injector position, ensure backfire-free operation, and improve mixture formation. In addition to a low load and high load point, a high-altitude point was investigated based on real flight data.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The maximum achievable hydrogen energy shares, limited by abnormal combustion, and the respective CO<sub>2</sub> reductions are shown. Furthermore, the influence of the hydrogen mass distribution in the inlet ports was investigated to achieve an advantage in the homogenization of the hydrogen–air mixture. Finally, the efficiency losses in hydrogen dual-fuel mode compared to base kerosene operation are shown in a detailed analysis.</div></div>
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Okwonna, O. O., A. A. Obuebite, and I. I. Osedebamen. "Optimization of AGO and DPK Production in an Industrial Modular Refinery Operation." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221792-ms.
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Abstract Optimization of automotive gas oil (AGO) and dual-purpose kerosene (DPK) production in an industrial modular refinery operation was conducted using a case study of a facility (Company A) located at Ohaji-Egbema Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. The system was modelled using the Aspen HYSYS version 11.0 simulation tool. A daily input of 5,000 barrels of crude oil per day was characterized and introduced into the distillation system operating at 101.3 kPa. The distillation column consisted of 22 trays for the collection of five target products: Off-gas, Naphtha, DPK, AGO and residue. The flowrate of the target products, DPK and AGO, under the initial process conditions (Condenser: 44 oC, Stage 8: 163 oC, and Stage 16: 254 oC were determined to be 662.3 b/d and 431.40 b/d, respectively. The process was repeated at varied condenser temperatures in the range of 45 - 48 oC, and the Stage 8 temperatures were raised by 0.5 oC (163 oC -168.5 oC), while Stage 16 temperatures were increased by 4 oC (254 - 298 oC). Temperatures were recorded at each increment in condenser temperature, and the flow rates (yields) of the desired products were documented. The optimum production of AGO was observed at a condenser temperature of 48 oC, with a yield of 51.26%, at a stage 16 temperature of 270 oC (543.15k). The maximum yield of DPK was achieved at condenser temperature of 44 oC and a stage 8 temperature is 168.5 oC (441.65k), with a yield of 22.24%. Beyond the temperature of 48 oC for AGO and 44 oC for DPK, errors were encountered, and the DPK output decreased. This study identifies the precise conditions that optimizes the production of AGO and DPK, offering insights for enhanced oil refinery efficiency of the distillation process and sustainability in petrochemical engineering Top of Form.
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Ejofodomi, O'tega, Godswill Ofualagba, and Donatus Uchechukwu Onyishi. "Adulteration Detection of Petroleum Products at Point of Sale POS Terminals." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207101-ms.
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Abstract In the Oil and Gas Industry, price disparity between Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas Oil (AGO), and Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK), often leads to adulteration of these petroleum products by marketers for monetary gains. Adulteration is the illegal introduction of a foreign undesirable substance to a substrate which affects the quality of the substrate. Adulteration of petroleum products are difficult to detect at Point of Sale (POS) terminals. Current methods for adulteration detection are time-consuming, require specialized equipment and experienced technicians to operate them, and cannot be used at POS terminals. Gaseous Vapor Technique (GVE) is an innovative adulteration detection technique that can be employed at POS terminals and the PePVEAT device utilized in this study is the first portable electronic device that performs GVE on petroleum products. GVE testing was performed on pure 1 L samples of PMS, AGO, and DPK obtained from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) using PePVEAT. The results obtained from GVE analysis of AGO, PMS, and DPK showed that the three petroleum products exhibited unique and varying chemical characteristics during GVE. AGO gives off its peak emissions between 10-20 seconds from test onset, DPK gives off its peak emissions between 10-30 seconds from test onset, and PMS gives off its peak emissions between 50-70 seconds from test onset. AGO emits 17.52-46.58 ppm of methane, 5.35-11.93 ppm of LPG, 35.51-84.6 ppm of butane, and 10.38-69.86 ppm of toluene. PMS emits 92,063.67-152,168.18 ppm of methane, 301.035-573.61 ppm of LPG, 2210.89-3424.94 ppm of butane, and 1983.02-7187.29 ppm of toluene. DPK emits 27.13-62.14 ppm of methane, 20.2-74.1 ppm of LPG, 120.41-1635.85 ppm of butane, and 1159.75- 1633.09 ppm of toluene. These variations in timing and concentrations of emissions shows that GVE can be utilized to detect and distinguish between AGO, PMS and DPK. The results obtained from GVE analysis of AGO, PMS, and DPK showed that Since PMS, AGO and DPK, each have unique chemical emissions during GVE, as was demonstrated in this paper, it is possible that GVE can be utilized to detect the adulterations of PMS with AGO and the adulteration of AGO with DPK. Future work involves investigating the ability of GVE to detect AGO-adulterated PMS, DPK-adulterated AGO, DPK-adulterated PMS, AGO-adulterated DPK,and PMS-adulterated DPK. The degree and percentage of adulteration that can be detected using the GVE technique will also be examined.