Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecofriendly reaction conditions / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ecofriendly reaction conditions.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ecofriendly reaction conditions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ecofriendly reaction conditions.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Nasr-Esfahani, Masoud, Morteza Montazerozohori, and Najmeh Filvan. "Ultrasound-assisted catalytic synthesis of acyclic imides in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid under solvent free conditions." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 4 (2012): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110511168n.

Full text

Abstract:

A rapid and convenient preparation of acyclic imides by the reaction of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles with acyclic carboxylic anhydride in the presence of catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid under thermal or ultrasonic conditions is reported. The advantages of this procedure are moderate reaction times, good to excellent yields, use of inexpensive and ecofriendly catalyst. The reaction of nitriles with aliphatic anhydrides proceeds in thermal conditions, while by the use of ultrasound irradiations these reactions get accelerated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gandhi, Divyani, Priyanka Kalal, Prakash Prajapat, Dinesh Kumar Agarwal, and Shikha Agarwal. "Diversity Oriented Synthesis of 4H-Pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole Derivatives via Biginellis Reaction: A Review." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 4 (2018): 236–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180330170456.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Heterocycles have extended into widespread use for generating large collection of molecules in multi-component reactions. The development of new strategies for fused pyrimidobenzothiazole system has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition for scientists working all around. Objective: The main objective of this work is to explore the utility of different catalysts as an ecofriendly reaction medium for green Biginellis reaction. Method: A detailed study of Biginellis reactions using various catalysts was done using different research tools. The methods involved reaction of equimolar mixture of benzothiazole, 1,3-diketone and aldehyde as reactants by conventional and greener pathways via Knoevenagal condensation. Results: The present review has several significant advantages for the scientists regarding green synthesis viz. green conditions, short reaction times, high yields, clean reaction conditions, easy isolation of products, simple work-up procedure and mild reaction conditions. Conclusion: Our report gives an overview of the combinatorial libraries for fused benzothiazole entities using metal catalyst, acid catalyst, ionic liquids, phase transfer catalyst, nano catalyst, etc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Patil, Suresh, S. D. Jadhav, and S. K. Shinde. "CES as an Efficient Natural Catalyst for Synthesis of Schiff Bases under Solvent-Free Conditions: An Innovative Green Approach." Organic Chemistry International 2012 (December 5, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/153159.

Full text

Abstract:

A mild and efficient method has been reported for the preparation of Schiff base ligands through the condensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with substituted aromatic amines in the presence of CES (calcined eggshell) as a heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of this ecofriendly, economic method are simplicity of the reaction procedure, moderate to good product yields, and very short reaction times.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Robert Khumalo, Mandlenkosi, Surya Narayana Maddila, Suresh Maddila, and Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda. "A multicomponent, facile and catalyst-free microwave-assisted protocol for the synthesis of pyrazolo-[3,4-b]-quinolines under green conditions." RSC Advances 9, no. 53 (2019): 30768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04604f.

Full text

Abstract:

A facile, swift and ecofriendly microwave-assisted multi-component/one-pot protocol is designed for the synthesis of novel pyrazolo-[3,4-b]-quinolines at ambient temperature in aqueous ethanol as a reaction medium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sun, Yadong, Ablimit Abdukader, Yuhan Lu, and Chenjiang Liu. "Diiiodine/Potassium Persulfate Mediated Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from N-Tosylhydrazones and a Thiocyanate Salt as a Sulfur Source under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions." Synlett 32, no. 10 (2021): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1473-7369.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA highly efficient method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles has been developed by utilizing readily available tosylhydrazones and ammonium thiocyanate with ecofriendly EtOH as the solvent at room temperature. The reaction shows a wide scope of substrates and good functional-group tolerance. This protocol can be scaled up to a gram level and can be applied to coupling reactions with 4-(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole as the substrate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abid, Mohammed, Béla Török, and Xudong Huang. "Microwave-Assisted Tandem Processes for the Synthesis of N-Heterocycles." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 3 (2009): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08474.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the years, microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) became a commonly applied mainstream tool for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The broad range of emerging applications in this field is mainly due to the significant contribution of MAOS to the development of ecofriendly processes. Various transformations have been developed for the synthesis of N-heterocycles under microwave conditions, including fast and selective processes. Tandem reactions involving greener reaction media, solvent-free conditions, and solid-phase synthesis are of exceptional interest in this area. In most transformations, microwave conditions dramatically enhanced reaction rates, as well as provided improved yields. This account highlights the most recent advancements in MAOS-based tandem processes for the synthesis of N-heterocycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abid, Mohammed, Béla Török, and Xudong Huang. "Corrigendum to: Microwave-Assisted Tandem Processes for the Synthesis of N-Heterocycles." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 4 (2009): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08474_co.

Full text

Abstract:

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Al-Humaidi, Jehan Y., Sobhi M. Gomha, Nahed A. Abd El-Ghany, et al. "Green Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Some New Thiazoles Using Terephthalohydrazide Chitosan Hydrogel as Ecofriendly Biopolymeric Catalyst." Catalysts 13, no. 9 (2023): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13091311.

Full text

Abstract:

Terephthalohydrazide chitosan hydrogel (TCs) was prepared and investigated as an ecofriendly biopolymeric catalyst for synthesis of some novel thiazole and thiadiazole derivatives. Thus, TCs was used as a promising ecofriendly basic biocatalyst for preparation of three new series of thiazoles and two thiadiazoles derivatives via reacting 2-(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothio-amide with various hydrazonoyl chlorides and α-haloketones under mild ultrasonic irradiation. Also, their yield% was estimated using chitosan and TCs in a comparative study. The procedure being employed has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, quick reaction durations, and high reaction yields. It also benefits from the catalyst’s capacity to be reused several times without significantly losing potency. The chemical structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmed by IR, MS, and 1H-NMR. Docking analyses of the synthesized compounds’ binding modes revealed promising binding scores against the various amino acids of the selected protein (PDB Code—1JIJ). SwissADME’s online tool is then used to analyze the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the most significant substances. The majority of novel compounds showed zero violation from Lipinski’s rule (Ro5).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

M., Kidwai, and Thakur R. "Green chemistry in sustainable national development." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Dec 2005 (2005): 1103–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823898.

Full text

Abstract:

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India E-mail : kidwai_chemistry@yahoo.co.uk                  Fax : 91-11-27666235 Manuscript received 6 June 2005 The green chemistry revolution provides an enormous number of oppourtunities to discover and apply new synthetic approaches using alternative feedstocks; ecofriendly reaction conditions, energy minimizations and the design of less toxic and inherently safer chemicals. The origin and basis of green chemistry chart for achieving environmental and economic prosperity inherent in a sustainable world. One important element of sustainable chemistry is commonly defined as the chemical research aiming at the optimization of chemical processes and products with respect to energy and material consumption, inherent safety, toxicity, environmental degradability, and so on. While considerable progress has been made in environmental chemistry, green chemistry, and the environmental assessment of chemical products but the societal aspect of sustainable chemistry remains to be recognized fully in all branches of chemical research, one prerequisite for this is the inclusion of sustainable chemistry into chemical education from the very beginning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Torres-Hernández, Fernando, Ángel Rentería-Gómez, and Rocío Gámez-Montaño. "Synthesis of Epoxyisoindolinones via Microwave-Assisted Ugi-4CR/Intramolecular-Diels-Alder Reaction." Cells 3, no. 1 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08425.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of epoxyisoindolinones were synthesized by microwave-assisted post-IMCR transformation-based domino strategy via the Ugi-4CR/Intramolecular-Diels-Alder (U-4CR/IMDA) sequence under mild, solvent-, catalyst-free ecofriendly conditions, and orthogonal-bifunctional components. Epoxyisoindolinones are a privileged core of high interest in medicinal chemistry mainly for its anticancer activity in several cell lines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ali, Parvez, Naziyanaz Pathan, and Taibi Ben Hadda. "Benign Methodology and Efficient Catalysis for the One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones and Thiones: A New Key for Old Lock." Journal of Applied Chemistry 2014 (April 9, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/835758.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present communication, under the influence of microwaves, cuprous chloride has been demonstrated to be safe, mild, efficient, and inexpensive catalyst for the Biginelli discovered multicomponent reaction (MCR) between aromatic aldehydes, urea/substituted urea, and ethyl acetoacetate to produce structurally diverse dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) and thiones in an ecofriendly solvent-free protocol. The practical and simple protocol led to excellent yields of the dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under mild reaction conditions and within short span of reaction times with easy reaction workup by maintaining excellent atom economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sanchez, Laura M., Ángel G. Sathicq, Graciela T. Baronetti, Horacio J. Thomas та Gustavo P. Romanelli. "P2W18O62·24H2O as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the ecofriendly preparation of β-aminocrotonates". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, № 2 (2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0157.

Full text

Abstract:

H6P2W18O62·24H2O bulk- and silica-supported catalysts were found to be efficient and recyclable catalysts for the synthesis of a series of β-aminocrotonates using toluene as the solvent or under no solvent reaction conditions. Several substituted β-aminocrotonates can be prepared in very good yields and purity by direct reaction of amines and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of bulk- and silica-gel-supported H6P2W18O62·24H2O. The title compounds were prepared in very good yields using both methodologies, and no secondary products were detected. The procedure using no reaction solvent resulted in a clean and useful alternative, which has the advantages of a greener methodology with operative simplicity, the use of a reusable and noncorrosive solid catalyst, soft reaction conditions, low reaction times, and good yields.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Patil, Sachin V., and Deepak R. Nagargoje. "Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-Benzo[d]imidazoles by using Sodium Hypochlorite." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 4 (2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2604rjce99104.

Full text

Abstract:

We are herein reporting a new ecofriendly, convenient and facile method for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1- arylmethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles using sodium hypochlorite. Various imidazole derivatives were prepared from reaction of o-phenylenediamine with substituted aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes in aqueous ethanol at ambient temperature in one step with good to excellent yield. Easy reaction conditions, use of aqueous medium, easy isolation and purification of products make this method superior to other known methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Talukdar, Anjumani. "Water hyacinth ash: An ecofriendly heterogeneous reusable catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel." International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, no. 6 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120601.

Full text

Abstract:

The catalytic activity of water hyacinth ash (WHA) has been evaluated for the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol. The reaction was carried out under ambient temperature as well as reflux conditions. The yields of the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters were 95% under both experimental conditions. The catalyst loading was 20% by weight of the oil and the reaction time varied from 30 minutes under reflux condition to 2.5hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst is recyclable and could be reused for up-to 4 runs with marginal loss in catalytic activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kavitha, Kotthireddy, Devulapally Srikrishna, Pramod Kumar Dubey, and Pasula Aparna. "A Green and Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 2-(4-(2-Oxo-2H-chromen-3- yl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitriles Under Environmentally Benign Conditions." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 8 (2019): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666181224112851.

Full text

Abstract:

An efficient and convenient method for the condensation of various aldehydes with 2-(4-(2- oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile has been demonstrated via triphenylphosphinecatalyzed Knoevenagel condensation in good to excellent yields. The effect of solvent on this reaction was studied. In addition, a tandem method for the synthesis of 2-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2- yl)acetonitrile has been outlined using tetrabutylammonium tribromide as an efficient, green and ecofriendly reagent. Subsequently, the latter was reacted with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of PEG-600 as reaction media to afford the title compounds. These reactions have widened the scope and applicability of the use of tetrabutylammonium tribromide, triphenylphosphine in organic synthesis. All these synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass and 13C-NMR spectral data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ingale, Ajit P., Santosh T. Shinde, and Nitin M. Thorat. "Sulfated tungstate: A highly efficient, recyclable and ecofriendly catalyst for synthesis of Flavones under the solvent-free conditions." Current Chemistry Letters 13, no. 3 (2024): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2024.1.006.

Full text

Abstract:

Sulfated tungstate efficiently catalyzes the cyclodehydration of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-aryl-1,3-propanediones to flavones under solvent-free conditions. Utilization of conventional heating, simple reaction conditions, short reaction time, ease of product isolation and purification makes this manipulation very interesting from an economic and environmental perspective. Under these conditions, twelve examples were obtained with good yields (85-94%).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Musad, Ebraheem Abdu, Kuriya Madavu Lokanatha Rai, and Kullaiah Byrappa. "Synthesis of Some New 3, 5-Bis (substituted) Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles Based on (N'1E, N'3E)- N'1, N'3-Bis (3, 4, 5-substitutedbenzlidene) Malonohydrazide under Solvothermal Conditions." International Journal of Biomedical Science 6, no. 1 (2010): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2010.6045.

Full text

Abstract:

The new 3,5-(substituted) pyrazoles and isoxazoles were prepared by reaction of (N'1E, N'3E)- N'1, N'3-bis (3,4,5-substitutedbenzylidene)malonohydrazide with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride respectively under solvothermal conditions involving an ecofriendly method without any environmental pollution, the yield are in the range of 75-96%. The structure of the new compounds were established using elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tasqeeruddin, S., Yahya I. Asiri, and M. Mujahid A. lam. "Ammonium Chloride: An Efficient and Environmentally benign Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation of Carbonyl and Active Methylene Compounds." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 12 (2020): 3024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22879.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present study, a rapid, simple and an efficient procedure for the Knoevenagel condensation of various carbonyl and active methylene compounds in ethanol at a moderate temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of an efficient, environmentally benign and inexpensive ammonium chloride is reported. Simple reaction procedure, economic and ecofriendly catalyst, mild reaction conditions and good to excellent yield of the products are the characteristic features of this study. The non-extractive workup/purification, economic and environmentally benign catalyst make this operationally straightforward procedure affordable for large scale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Raghavendra, M., Halehatty S. Bhojya Naik, and Bailure S. Sherigara. "Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of some new furo[2,3-b]quinolines using potassium carbonate under solvent-free conditions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 12 (2007): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-124.

Full text

Abstract:

A rapid, solvent-free microwave-assisted method has been developed for the synthesis of novel furo quinolines. The title compounds were achieved by the reaction between corresponding 2-hydroxy-3-formyl-quinolines (1a–1c) with chloroacetamide, ethylchloroacetate, and phenacylbromide in specially designed microwave (MW) oven for organic synthesis in unsealed borosil vessel in presence of potassium carbonate. In this method, isolation is accomplished by just treating the reaction mixture with water, and products were obtained in high yield. Hence, this method was found to be very effective and ecofriendly. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been evaluated on the basis of analytical, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral data.Key words: furoquinoline, microwave irradiation, potassium carbonate, solvent-free conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tan, Hong-Bo, Jia-Ying Zhou, Ying-Shan Liu, et al. "Visible-Light-Mediated Catalyst-Free [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction for Dihydrocyclobuta[b]naphthalene-3,8-diones Synthesis under Mild Conditions." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227654.

Full text

Abstract:

A facile and efficient visible-light-mediated method for directly converting 1,4-naphthoquinones into dihydrocyclo-buta[b]naphthalene-3,8-diones (DHCBNDOs) under mild and clean conditions without using any photocatalysts is reported. This approach exhibited favorable compatibility with functional groups and afforded a series of DHCBNDOs with excellent regioselectivity and high yields. Moreover, detailed mechanism studies were carried out both experimentally and theoretically. The readily accessible, low-cost and ecofriendly nature of the developed strategy will endow it with attractive applications in organic and medicinal chemistry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ghadamgahi, Sedigheh, James Johnston, and Carla Fonseca-Paris. "Ecofriendly Palladium on Wool Nanocatalysts for Cyclohexene Hydrogenation." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080621.

Full text

Abstract:

Use of natural wool fiber supports in the fabrication of novel composite materials incorporating metal nanoparticles, which offer the possibility of “environmentally friendly” catalytic materials, has been investigated. The catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane by palladium nanoparticles immobilized on wool (Pd/wool) was studied using moderate pressure of pure hydrogen gas. The performance of wool-supported catalysts was explored over a palladium nanoparticle loading ranging from 1.6 to 2.6 wt %. The effect of the catalytic testing conditions, including stirring rate, amount of reactants, gas pressure, and target temperature were explored. A systematic series of catalytic-activity tests carried out at 400 psi H2 for 5 and 24 h reaction times at 40 °C using a stirring rate 750 rpm allowed us to identify differences in performance within the series of Pd/wool nanocatalysts studied. The most catalytically active samples contained Pd nanoparticles with average sizes of ca. 5 nm located predominantly on the surface and within the topmost layer of wool fibers, making them more accessible to the reactants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Srivastava, Rudraksh, and Amulya Sinha. "Visible-Light Mediated Functionalization of Plant Derived Polyphenols: A Greener Photocatalytic Approach." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 15, no. 5 (2025): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0525_03.

Full text

Abstract:

This study presents a novel, sustainable methodology for the selective functionalization of polyphenolic compounds extracted from plant sources using visible light mediated photocatalysis. By leveraging ecofriendly solvents and non-metallic, recyclable organic photocatalysts, we demonstrate a clean and energy-efficient strategy for structurally modifying polyphenols under mild reaction conditions. The protocol significantly reduces environmental burden while enhancing reaction selectivity and product diversity. This work provides deeper insight into the photochemical reactivity of natural bioactive and exemplifies the fusion of renewable energy and green chemistry for natural product derivatization. The implications of this study extend to the development of functionalized polyphenols with enhanced pharmacological or material relevance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

C., Panwar, Kumar A., Paliwal M., B. Punjabi P., and C. Ameta S. "Sonochemical degradation of brilliant cresyl blue - an ecofriendly approach." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 85, June 2008 (2008): 654–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5816898.

Full text

Abstract:

Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 001, Rajasthan, India E-mail : ameta_sc@yahoo.com Manuscript received 10 August 2007. revised 28 February 2008. accepted 27 March 2008 Dyestuffs which are often present in industrial waste water may have a serious impact on the environment as well as on the health of human beings. This report describes an eco-friendly method which has been developed for the degradation of brilliant cresyl blue. Ultrasonic frequency of 4 MHz was used for all experiments in order to find the best conditions for degradation. The effect of operating variables like pH, concentration of dye, solvent composition, temperature, nature and concentration of surfactant etc. on the reaction rate has been observed. The progress of the sonochemical degradation was monitored spectrphotometrically. The value of energy of activation was also computed for this sonochemical degradation. A suitable tentative mechanism for sonochemical degradation of brilliant cresyl blue has also been proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Verma, Rajan, Gaurav Kumar, Viyat Varun Upadhyay, et al. "Ecofriendly Approaches in nanomaterial synthesis for sustainable healthcare applications." E3S Web of Conferences 511 (2024): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101024.

Full text

Abstract:

This exploration explores eco-accommodating methodologies in the union of nanomaterials for reasonable medical services applications. Utilizing plant-intervened and microbial union techniques, biogenic platinum nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanorods, and iron oxide octahedral nanoparticles have been effectively manufactured. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigation affirmed the translucent designs, with trademark tops at 38.2°, 34.5°, and 30.1°, relating to (111), (101), and (220) gem planes, individually. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) uncovered distinct morphologies, with normal sizes of 15 ± 2 nm for gold nanoparticles, 25 ±3 nm for zinc oxide nanoparticles, and 20 ± 1 nm for iron oxide nanoparticles. Fourier Change Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated surface alterations, improving practical gatherings, including Gracious, C=O, and COOH. Measurable improvement through Plan of Experiments (DoE) and Reaction Surface System (RSM) yielded ideal amalgamation conditions, guaranteeing upgraded properties. Organic assessments exhibited the biocompatibility of the nanomaterials, with cytotoxicity tests uncovering cell viabilities of 95%, 85%, and 92% for gold, zinc oxide, and iron oxide nanoparticles, individually. Antibacterial action appraisals exhibited hindrance zones of 18 ± 2 mm, 15 ± 1 mm, and 22 ± 3 mm for silver, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, individually. Natural effect appraisals uncovered low carbon impressions of 12.5 kg CO2, 8.2 kg CO2, and 10.1 kg CO2 for gold, zinc oxide, and iron oxide nanoparticles, individually. The orchestrated nanomaterials exhibit huge potential for manageable medical care applications, consolidating upgraded properties with negligible natural effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kaur, Aneet Kamal, Renu Bala, Poonam Kumari, Sumit Sood, and Karan Singh. "Microwave Assisted Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction on Substituted Cyclohexanone Hydrazones: Synthesis of Novel 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroindazole Derivatives." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 3 (2019): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666180917101637.

Full text

Abstract:

Vilsmeier-Haack reaction is one of the most important chemical reactions used for formylation of electron-rich arens. Even though Vilsmeier-Haack reaction was studied on a wide variety of hydrazones of enolizable ketones, literature lacks the examples of the use of 4-substituted cyclohexanones as a substrate. The cyclization potential of hydrazones of cyclic keto compounds is still interested topic of investigation. In the present study, the reaction of various hydrazines with 4-substituted cyclohexanones was proceeded and the resulted hydrazones in crude form were treated with Vilsmeier- Haack reagent using both conventional as well as microwave methods. The reaction of phenyl hydrazine with 4-phenylcyclohexanone yielded the corresponding tetrahydro-1H-carbazole instead of hydrazone during solvent evaporation at 40ºC. By keeping the temperature of water bath to 0ºC, the corresponding hydrazone was isolated in crude form which was immediate treated with POCl3/DMF for 10 min at 90ºC using microwave irradiation method afforded novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole derivative. Using this optimized condition, the substrate scope for the synthesis of tetrahydroindazole derivatives was explored and synthesized total 6 final compounds. The microwave assisted synthesis of tetrahydroindazoles from 4-substituted cyclohexanones has been reported for the first time under mild conditions in good yield. Easy work up procedure, high yielding, shortened reaction times, clean and ecofriendly are the main advantages of this protocol.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Vigneswaran, C., M. Ananthasubramanian, N. Anbumani, and P. Kandhavadivu. "Ecofriendly Approach to Improve Pectinolytic Reaction and Process Optimization of Bioscouring of Organic Cotton Textiles." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 2 (2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800215.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study focused on improvement of the enzymatic bioscouring performance by using specific mixed enzymes such as alkaline pectinase, protease, lipase and cellulase enzymes. An attempt was made to study the pectinolytic activity of degrading rate of pectin on organic cotton fabric and removal of wax at various enzymatic process conditions such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and time. These process variables were selected based on the artificial neural network (ANN) method. Output of the experiment resulted in fabric physical properties such as weight loss, water absorbency, wetting area, whiteness index, yellowness index, brightness index. The enzymatic scoured organic cotton fabric was tested for wax content and pectin degradation rate on the fabric and their results were optimized with minimum error. The test results were analyzed to predict the optimum process parameters to achieve the required bioscouring fabric properties and removal of pectin degrading rate, and their results were compared with actual trials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Thulasiraman, Adhithiya Venkatachalapati, Arun Krishna Vuppaladadiyam, Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem, Kamrun Nahar, Manoj Kumar Jena, and Kalpit Shah. "Ecofriendly Degradation of PET via Neutral Hydrolysis: Degradation Mechanism and Green Chemistry Metrics." Environments 12, no. 4 (2025): 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12040127.

Full text

Abstract:

Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles represent 12% of global plastic waste; however, only 9% are recycled. Hydrothermal processing presents the opportunity to upcycle waste PET into its monomers, particularly, terephthalic acid (TPA). In this study, post-consumer PET sparkling water bottles were neutrally hydrolysed via a hydrothermal process operating within a temperature range of 220–270 °C, a residence time of 30–90 min, and autogenous pressure of 25–90 bar. Under these conditions, the TPA yield varied between 7.34 and 81.05%, and the maximum TPA yield was obtained at 250 °C, 90 min, and 40 bar. The process temperature had a more profound impact on the PET conversion and TPA yield than the residence time. The values of the environmental factor (EF) were found to be 0.017–0.106, which were comparable to those of bulk chemicals (EF < 1). With the chosen operating conditions, the environmental energy impact (EEI) of TPA production was estimated to be 5.29 × 104 °C min. The findings demonstrate that neutral hydrolysis is a feasible approach for converting PET polymers into monomers under mild environmental conditions. In addition, a GCMS analysis of the aqueous-phase product revealed a notable increase in the secondary degradation products of TPA, such as benzoic acid, rising from 66.4% to 75.7% as the process temperature increased from 220 °C to 270 °C. The degradation mechanisms of PET were found to be decarboxylation, dehydration, and oxidation. The dominant mechanism was found to be a decarboxylation reaction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

El-Saadony, Mohamed T., Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Ayman E. Taha, et al. "Ecofriendly Synthesis and Insecticidal Application of Copper Nanoparticles against the Storage Pest Tribolium castaneum." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (2020): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030587.

Full text

Abstract:

In spite of great developments in the agricultural field and plant productivity in the last decades, the concern about the control of agricultural pests is still continuous. However, pest management is expected to have more effects from nanomaterials by providing innovative solutions. The current study confirms the biotransformation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using a cell-free culture extract of metal copper-resistant bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens MAL2, which was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils collected from Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The local screened bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens MAL2, is similar to Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 12442T DSM. After optimization of growth conditions, F-Base medium was found to be the best medium and pH 7, temperature 35 °C, concentration of CuSO4·5H2O 300 ppm, 10 mL supernatant: 40 mL CuSO4·5H2O (300 ppm), and reaction time 90 min were recorded as the best growth conditions to the fabrication of CuNPs. The formed CuNPs were characterized using initially visual observation of the change in the color of the reaction mixture from blue color to the dark green as an indication of CuNPs biotransformation. Then, UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a maximum absorption at 610 nm under the optimum conditions performed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of spherical aspect with size ranges from 10:70 nm; moreover, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the presence of CuNPs and other elements. In addition, the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkenes, and amines is confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) supported that the Zeta-average size of nanoparticle was 48.07 with 0.227 PdI value. The Zeta potential showed −26.00mV with a single peak. The biosynthesized CuNPs (Bio CuNPs) showed toxicity against the stored grain pest (Tribolium castaneum), where LC50 value was 37 ppm after 5 days of treatment. However, the negligible effect was observed with chemical synthesis of CuNPs (Ch CuNPs) at the same concentration. The results suggest that Bio CuNPs could be used not only as a biocontrol agent, but also as an ecofriendly and inexpensive approach for controlling the stored grain pests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Serrao, Reena Saritha, S. Z. Mohamed Shamshuddin, and Joyce D'souza. "Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinate Esters over Zirconia and its Modified Forms Coated on Honeycomb Monoliths: Green Synthesis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 9 (2019): 1993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22102.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of solid acid catalysts such as ZrO2, Mo(VI)/ZrO2 and W(VI)/ZrO2 have been coated on honeycomb monoliths as well as synthesized in the powder forms and used as catalytic materials for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol. These solid acids were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD/n-butyl amine back titration, FTIR, PXRD and SEM techniques. Effects of various reaction parameters towards the reaction performance were studied. The performance of the catalyst was tested based on nature of the catalyst (honeycomb coated or powder form), reaction time (1 to 5 h), molar ratio (1:1 to 1:12 levulinic acid to ethanol) and reusability of the catalytic material. An excellent yield (86-88 %) of ethyl levulinate was obtained under optimized conditions. An attempt is made to correlate the activity of the catalysts in this esterification reaction with their surface characteristics. The honeycomb monoliths coated with zirconia and its modified forms were found to be ecofriendly, cost-effective and reusable catalytic materials compared to their powder forms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Chen, Qisi, Panagiotis Tsiakaras, and Peikang Shen. "Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Recent Advances on Au-Based Nanocatalysts." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (2022): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111348.

Full text

Abstract:

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to other high value-added chemicals under ambient conditions is a promising and ecofriendly strategy to achieve sustainable carbon recycling. However, the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is still confronted with a large number of challenges, such as high reaction overpotential and low product selectivity. Therefore, the rapid development of appropriate electrocatalysts is the key to promoting CO2 electroreduction. Over the past few decades, Au-based nanocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising for the selective CO2RR to CO owing to their low reaction overpotential, good product selectivity, high Faraday efficiency and inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction. In this respect, this review first introduces the fundamentals of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and then focuses on recent accomplishments with respect to Au-based nanocatalysts for CO2RR. The manipulation of various factors, e.g., the nanoporous structure, nanoparticle size, composition, morphology, support and ligand, allows for the identification of several clues for excellent Au-based nanocatalysts. We hope that this review will offer readers some important insights on Au-based catalyst design and provide new ideas for developing robust electrocatalysts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rezki, Nadjet, and Mohamed Reda Aouad. "Green ultrasound-assisted three-component click synthesis of novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole carrying benzothiazoles and fluorinated-1,2,4-triazole conjugates and their antimicrobial evaluation." Acta Pharmaceutica 67, no. 3 (2017): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acph-2017-0024.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe present study describes an efficient and ecofriendly, ultrasound, one-pot click cycloaddition approach for the construction of a novel series of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles tethered with fluorinated 1,2,4-triazole-benzothiazole molecular conjugates. It involved three-component condensation of the appropriate bromoacetamide benzothiazole, sodium azide and 4-alkyl/aryl-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(prop-2-ynylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles4a-ethrough a Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This approach involvesin situgeneration of azidoacetamide benzothiazole, followed by condensation with terminal alkynes in the presence of CuSO4/Na-ascorbate in aqueous DMSO under both conventional and ultrasound conditions. Some of the designed 1,2,3-triazole conjugates6a-owere recognized for their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial and fungal pathogenic strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kora, Aruna Jyothi, and Jayaraman Arunachalam. "Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer): A Dual Functional Reductant and Stabilizer." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/869765.

Full text

Abstract:

A simple and ecofriendly procedure have been devised for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of gum tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer), a renewable, nontoxic natural phyto-exudate. The water soluble components in the gum act as reductants and stabilizers. The generated nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The role of gum concentration and reaction time on the synthesis of nanoparticles was studied. By regulating the reaction conditions, spherical nanoparticles of13.1±1.0 nm size were produced. Also, the possible functional groups involved in reduction and capping of nanoparticles has been elucidated. The antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanoparticles was tested on model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains with well-diffusion method. These nanoparticles exhibited considerable antibacterial activity on both the Gram classes of bacteria, implying their potential biomedical applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

de Araujo-Silva, Rafael, Ana Carolina Vieira, Roberto de Campos Giordano, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente, and Paulo Waldir Tardioli. "Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Isoamyl Monoesters from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: A Renewable and Ecofriendly Base Stock for Lubricant Industries." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092692.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD), a mixture of free fatty acids and acylglycerides, and isoamyl alcohol were evaluated as substrates in the synthesis of fatty acid isoamyl monoesters catalyzed by Eversa (a liquid formulation of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase). SODD and the products were characterized by the chemical and physical properties of lubricant base stocks. The optimal conditions to produce isoamyl fatty acid esters were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) using rotational central composite design (RCCD, 23 factorial + 6 axial points + 5 replications at the central point); they were 1 mol of fatty acids (based on the SODD saponifiable index) to 2.5 mol isoamyl alcohol, 45 °C, and 6 wt.% enzymes (enzyme mass/SODD mass). The effect of the water content of the reactional medium was also studied, with two conditions of molecular sieve ratio (molecular sieve mass/SODD mass) selected as 39 wt.% (almost anhydrous reaction medium) and 9 wt.%. Ester yields of around 50 wt.% and 70 wt.% were reached after 50 h reaction, respectively. The reaction products containing 43.7 wt.% and 55.2 wt.% FAIE exhibited viscosity indices of 175 and 163.8, pour points of −6 °C and −9 °C, flash points of 178 and 104 °C, and low oxidative stability, respectively. Their properties (mainly very high viscosity indices) make them suitable to be used as base stocks in lubricant formulation industries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mallard, Isabelle, David Landy та Sophie Fourmentin. "Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol Crosslinked β-CD Polymers for the Removal of Methylene Blue". Applied Sciences 10, № 13 (2020): 4679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134679.

Full text

Abstract:

The environment is at the heart of global worldwide discussion. This study describes the synthesis of ecofriendly polymers by a crosslinking reaction between β-cyclodextrin as the monomer and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEDGE) as well as ethylene diglycidyl ether (EDGE) as the crosslinking agents. The studied polymers were characterized by several techniques, such as SEM, FTIR, TGA-TDA and XRD. Their adsorption properties for methylene blue under various conditions of pH, contact time and initial concentration of dye were assessed in order to find the optimal conditions. The results indicate that the polymers are good nominates for methylene blue adsorption with adsorption capacities up to 15 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism was demonstrated to follow the Langmuir model. Finally, the regeneration of the polymers was investigated using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol. The absorption capacities of the adsorbent were stable after three cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Amina Mumtaz, Amina Mumtaz, and Sajjad ul Hassan and Shafaq Mubarak Sajjad ul Hassan and Shafaq Mubarak. "Development and Optimization of Green Method for Antihistamine Using Ecofriendly Reagent in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations by Microwave Assisted Spectrophotometry." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 6 (2019): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000810/jcsp/41.06.2019.

Full text

Abstract:

Synthetic substances and solvents utilized in investigation of drugs crumble the earth as well as human health. So attempts should be made to minimize or eliminate the utilization of obnoxious chemicals and solvents. The objective of study is to develop the green spectroscopic method using new ecofriendly chromogenic reagent for the evaluation of antihistamine i.e. desloratadine in pure and commercial dosage forms. Both heating systems (conventional and microwave assisted procedures) are used for the development of color. The method is based on formation of stable blue coloured complex with ammonium molybdate in the presence of acid having λmax at 732nm respectively. All the reaction conditions and different statistic parameters for the proposed methods have been studied. The method is found to be rapid, precise and accurate and can be successfully used for the determination of antihistamines in bulk and commercial tablet formulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Xu, Da-Zhen, Cheng-Bin Li, and Yu-Wei Li. "An Efficient and Ecofriendly Three-Component Reaction for the Rapid Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-chromenes Catalyzed by a DABCO-Based Ionic Liquid." Synthesis 50, no. 18 (2018): 3708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610123.

Full text

Abstract:

An efficient, economical, and green strategy for the construction of biologically relevant 2-amino-4H-chromene scaffolds via a tandem Knoevenagel–Pinner cyclization–Michael reaction has been successfully developed. In the presence of DABCO-based ionic liquids, two different 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives, 2-amino-4-(indol-3-yl)-4H-chromenes and 2-amino-4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-chromenes, were prepared in good to excellent yields (81–97%) within short reaction times under mild conditions. All the products are purified by simple crystallization. The catalyst could be recycled for at least five times.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gao, Kaixing, Yao Zhang, Binghan Wang, et al. "Turning Trash into Treasure: Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles from Coal Gangue and High-Carbon Waste Materials." Molecules 30, no. 7 (2025): 1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071562.

Full text

Abstract:

To reduce solid waste production and enable the synergistic conversion of solid waste into high-value-added products, we introduce a novel, sustainable, and ecofriendly method. We fabricate nanofiber and nanosheet silicon carbides (SiC) through a carbothermal reduction process. Here, the calcined coal gangue, converted from coal gangue, serves as the silicon source. The carbon sources are the carbonized waste tire residue from waste tires and the pre-treated kerosene co-refining residue. The difference in carbon source results in the alteration of the morphology of the SiC obtained. By optimizing the reaction temperature, time, and mass ratio, the purity of the as-made SiC products with nanofiber-like and nanosheet-like shapes can reach 98%. Based on the influence of synthetic conditions and the results calculated from the change in the Gibbs free energy of the reactions, two mechanisms for SiC formation are proposed, namely the reaction of intermediate SiO with CO to form SiC-nuclei-driven nanofibrous SiC and the SiO-deposited carbon surface to fabricate nuclei-induced polymorphic SiC (dominant nanosheets). This work provides a constructive strategy for preparing nanostructured SiC, thereby achieving “turning trash into treasure” and broadening the sustainable utilization and development of solid wastes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Singh, Vijender, Poonam Khullar, Pragnesh N. Dave, Gurinder Kaur, and Mandeep Singh Bakshi. "Ecofriendly Route To Synthesize Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Bioactive Polymers on Shape-Controlled Effects of Nanomaterials under Different Reaction Conditions." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 11 (2013): 1417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sc400159x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Alshabanah, Latifah A., Sobhi M. Gomha, Laila A. Al-Mutabagani, et al. "Cross-Linked Chitosan/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite as Ecofriendly Biocatalyst for Synthesis of Some Novel Benzil Bis-Thiazoles." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111728.

Full text

Abstract:

Aminohydrazide cross-linked chitosan (CLCS) and its MWCNTs (CLCS/MWCNTs) were formulated and utilized as a potent ecofriendly basic heterogeneous biocatalyst under ultrasonic irradiation for synthesis of two novel series of benzil bis-aryldiazenylthiazoles and benzil bis-arylhydrazonothiazolones from the reaction of benzil bis-thiosemicarbazone with 2-oxo-N′-arylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides and ethyl 2-chloro-2-(2-phenylhydrazono) acetates, respectively. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized derivatives were elucidated by spectral data and alternative methods, where available. Additionally, their yield % was estimated using a traditional catalyst as TEA and green recyclable catalysts as CLCS and CLCS/MWCNTs composite in a comparative study. We observed that, under the same reaction conditions, the yield % of the desired products increased by changing TEA to CLCS then to CLCS/MWCNT from 72–78% to 79–83% to 84–87%, respectively. The thermal stability of the investigated samples could be arranged as CLCS/MWCNTs composite > CLCS > chitosan, where the weight losses of chitosan, CLCS and CLCS/MWCNTs composite at 500 °C were 65.46%, 57.95% and 53.29%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Pramanik, Malay, and Asim Bhaumik. "Phosphonic Acid Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Material: A New and Ecofriendly Catalyst for One-Pot Multicomponent Biginelli Reaction under Solvent-Free Conditions." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 2 (2014): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am404298a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ladraa, Souheila, Mourad Chioua, and Ali Belfaitah. "A Simple and Ecofriendly One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3-Cyanopyridine-Quinoline Hybridsviaa Triphenyphosphine-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction Under Mild Conditions." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 54, no. 1 (2016): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2631.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fathollahi, Mostafa, Shahnaz Rostamizadeh, and Ali M. Amani. "A Clean, Mild, and Efficient Preparation of Aryl 14H-benzo[a,j]xanthene leuco-dye Derivatives Via Nanocatalytic MCM-41-SO3H Under Ultrasonic Irradiation in Aqueous Media." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 1 (2018): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180104111508.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim and Objective: The present study has developed an efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j] xanthenes through a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol and arylaldehydes in aqueous media using the nanocatalytic MCM-41-SO3H under ultrasonic illumination. Material and Methods: Using SEM and XRD analyses, MCM-41-SO3H nanoparticles were characterized. Therefore, for high magnification, taking the SEM image, the mesoporous surface of MCM-41-SO3H nanoparticles coated with gold for 2 minutes was characterized. Moreover, at a scan rate of 0.02° (2Θ)/sec, XRD analysis from 1.5° (2Θ) to 10.0° (2Θ) was performed. Result: For our considered sample, some well-ordered XRD patterns with one main peak as well as three minor peaks equal to those of MCM-41 materials were observed. Conclusion: The suggested route demonstrates very promising properties like higher yields, decrease in the time of reaction (5-10 min), mild and straightforward conditions, low level of toxicity, and inclusion of a cost-efficient and ecofriendly catalyst having considerable reusability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali, Ardeshir Khazaei, Saied Alaie, and Saeed Baghery. "Synthesis of tricyanomethanesulfonic acid as a novel nanostructured and recyclable solid acid: application at the synthesis of biological henna-based chromenes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 5 (2017): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0534.

Full text

Abstract:

A novel and unique nanostructured solid acid, namely tricyanomethanesulfonic acid (TCMS), was designed, synthesized, and attained as an ecofriendly, reusable catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromene derivatives from the reaction between aromatic aldehydes, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (henna), and malononitrile under solvent-free conditions at room temperature with good to excellent yields and a short reaction time. The TCMS catalyst was prepared and fully characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric (TG), and derivative thermal gravimetric (DTG) analyses. The nanostructured solid acid catalyst was simply recycled at least eight times without any loss of catalytic activity. This process is improved as a safe and appropriate procedure for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromenes using an environmentally friendly and green recyclable catalyst. Thus, TCMS is a good candidate for the synthesis of new molecular organic frameworks and gelators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sinha, Amulya, Arzoo Siddiqui, Vaibhav Tripathi, et al. "Glucose Coated Nano Fe3O4 (Glu@Fe3O4): A Potential Organocatalyst for Synthesis of 4,7-Dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines in Ethanol." Asian Journal of Chemistry 37, no. 2 (2025): 300–308. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.32988.

Full text

Abstract:

Two novel homologous series of target moieties, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate substitutes (4a-e) as well as pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile substitutes (5a-g) involving heterocyclic scaffold have been synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, NMR and MS spectrometry to ascertain the molecular structure. The synthetic procedure has been carried out by a one-pot three-constituent mechanistic pathway of pyrazol-3-amine, several aromatic aldehydes as well as selected CH-active compounds under green conditions via one-pot process in the presence of glucose coated nano Fe3O4 (Glu@Fe3O4) as an organocatalyst and ethanol as an efficient solvent. This conversion is congenial with a wide heterogeneity of functional group endurance. The optimized reaction conditions, good output, incorporation of organocatalyst, no necessity for column chromatographic procedure, economical and eco-friendly solvent are the merits of this reaction protocol. An ecofriendly, harmless, diversified, excellent paramagnetic behaviour possessing catalyst (Glu@Fe3O4) was prepared and characterization was performed incorporating Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction technique. The surface of magnetic nanoparticles enveloped with glucose imparted magnificent catalytic property. The catalyst could be reprocessed and reutilized until six rounds unaccompanied by major downfall in the catalytic efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Miele, Margherita, Veronica Pillari, Vittorio Pace, Andrés R. Alcántara, and Gonzalo de Gonzalo. "Application of Biobased Solvents in Asymmetric Catalysis." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196701.

Full text

Abstract:

The necessity of more sustainable conditions that follow the twelve principles of Green Chemistry have pushed researchers to the development of novel reagents, catalysts and solvents for greener asymmetric methodologies. Solvents are in general a fundamental part for developing organic processes, as well as for the separation and purification of the reaction products. By this reason, in the last years, the application of the so-called green solvents has emerged as a useful alternative to the classical organic solvents. These solvents must present some properties, such as a low vapor pressure and toxicity, high boiling point and biodegradability, and must be obtained from renewable sources. In the present revision, the recent application of these biobased solvents in the synthesis of optically active compounds employing different catalytic methodologies, including biocatalysis, organocatalysis and metal catalysis, will be analyzed to provide a novel tool for carrying out more ecofriendly organic processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

da Ascenção, Wellington Diego, Caroline Cristine Augusto, Vitor Hugo Soares de Melo, and Bruno Lemos Batista. "A Simple, Ecofriendly, and Fast Method for Nitrate Quantification in Bottled Water Using Visible Spectrophotometry." Toxics 12, no. 6 (2024): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060383.

Full text

Abstract:

There are many works associating the presence of nitrate in water and the occurrence of cancer in humans. The most common method for quantifying nitrate in water is based on the use of toxic cadmium as a reductant. In this work, a new approach was developed for the quantification of nitrate in bottled water with indirect spectrophotometry using Zn0 as a reductant. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite using Zn0 in a buffered medium (acetate/acetic acid) and quantified with visible spectrophotometry using the Griess reaction between sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine. The influence of pH, buffer solution (constitution and concentration), Zn0 (mass and granulometry), and agitation time on the efficiency of nitrite generation was evaluated. The optimal conditions were an acetate–acetic acid buffer solution with a concentration and pH of 0.75 mol L−1 and 6.00, respectively, and a Zn0 particle size of 20 MESH and Zn0 mass of 300 mg. The limits of detection and quantification (LoD and LoQ) were 0.024 and 0.08 mg L−1, respectively. The method’s accuracy and precision were evaluated using the analysis of commercial bottled water. In conclusion, the use of Zn0 instead of cadmium provided a green method with excellent LoD/LoQ. Further, the method proved to be simple and easy to apply during outdoor analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kasar, Sandeep B., and Shankar R. Thopate. "Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes Using Naturally Occurring, Biodegradable Itaconic Acid as a Green and Reusable Catalyst." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 1 (2018): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666170621080701.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim and Objective: To explore the use of naturally occurring biodegradable organic acids as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The development of a simple, inexpensive, highly efficient yet ecofriendly catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes is explored. Materials and Method: A mixture of indole 1a (1.0 g, 8.53 mmol), benzaldehyde 2a (0.45 g. 4.26 mmol), and itaconic acid (0.12 g, 0.92 mmol, 20 mol%), in H2O (5.0 mL) was refluxed at 100°C for indicated time. After the completion of the reaction (TLC check), the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 5.0 mL), organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate:hexane as an eluent. Results: Initially optimal reaction conditions were developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by selecting model reaction between indole and benzaldehyde. It was found that optimal conditions for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes are use of indole (1.0 mmol), aldehyde (0.5 mmol) and catalyst 20 mol% in water as a solvent, under air atmosphere and at 100°C. Moreover, it was found that aqueous solution of the catalyst can be reused with the same catalytic efficiency for ten times without any pre-treatment. This is an important achievement with regard to the efficiency and reusability of the catalyst in synthesis. Conclusion: We have shown that itaconic acid in water can be used as an excellent green catalyst with high reusability. It efficiently catalyzes electrophillic substitution reaction of indoles (ESRI) with various aldehydes to give the corresponding BIMs in an efficient manner. Therefore, itaconic acid in water as a catalyst can be a good alternative for the use of hazardous mineral acid and Lewis acid catalyst.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hatami, Mehdi, Zohreh Seifi Najaf Abadi, Alireza Yousefi, et al. "Ring Opening Polymerization Used for the Production of VOC Free High-Performance Ecofriendly Novel PBZ/PDA/CeO2 Nanocomposites." Polymers 15, no. 6 (2023): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061416.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyzed the fabrication and characterization of polybenzoxazine/polydopamine/ceria as tertiary nanocomposites. To this end, a new benzoxazine monomer (MBZ) was fabricated based on the well-known Mannich reaction of naphthalene-1-amine, 2-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol and formaldehyde under ultrasonic-assisted process. Polydopamine (PDA) was used as dispersing polymer nanoparticles and surface modifier for CeO2 by in-situ polymerization of dopamine with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. Then, nanocomposites (NC)s were manufactured by in-situ route under thermal conditions. The FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra confirmed the preparation of the designed MBZ monomer. The FE-SEM and TEM results showed the morphological aspects of prepared NCs and illustrated the distribution of CeO2 NPs in the polymer matrix. The XRD patterns of NCs showed the presence of crystalline phases of nanoscale CeO2 in an amorphous matrix. The TGA results reveal that the prepared NCs are classified as thermally stable materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

El-Sheikh, M. A., S. M. El-Rafie, E. S. Abdel-Halim, and M. H. El-Rafie. "Green Synthesis of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Polymers 2013 (July 15, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/650837.

Full text

Abstract:

Green synthesis aims to minimize the use of unsafe reactants and maximize the efficiency of synthesis process. These could be achieved by using environmentally compassionate polymers and nontoxic chemicals. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), an ecofriendly polymer, was used as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles, while silver nitrate was used as a precursor and water as a solvent. The formation of silver nanoparticles was assessed by monitoring UV-vis spectra of the silver colloidal solution. The size of the nanoparticles was measured using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Reaction kinetics was followed by measuring the absorbance of silver colloidal solution at different time intervals. Optimum reaction conditions revealed that the highest absorbance was obtained using HEC : AgNO3 of 1.5 : 0.17 (g/100 cm3) at 70°C for 120 min at pH 12. The Ag0 nanoparticles colloidal solution so obtained (1000 ppm) were found stable in aqueous solution over a period of six months at room temperature (°C). The sizes of these nanoparticles were found in the range of 11–60 nm after six months of storing. FTIR spectra confirmed the interaction of both the aldehyde and OH groups in the synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kathiravan, Govindarajan, Kosuru Rekha Yamini, Kalyanaraman Rajagopal, et al. "Phytogenic Synthesis of Nano Silver from Madagascar Periwinkle Extracts and Their Angiogenic Activities in Zebrafish Embryos (ZFE)." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 1 (2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3073.

Full text

Abstract:

Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts is a simple, cost effective system of generating nanoparticles in an ecofriendly environment. In the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using different parts of Madagascar periwinkle plant extracts. The production of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was detected visually by change in color of the reaction mixture from yellow to reddish brown in a 8 h treatment at 37 °C. Further, the AgNPs were analyzed by various standard characterization techniques such UV-Vis spectroscopy, Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM), FT-IR, and GC-MS analysis. The UV-Visible spectrum showed the plasmon resonance peak for AgNPs at 435 nm, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis showed a good interaction between the plant extract and NPs. The morphology of the NPs varied in shape has observed through TEM with the particle size less than 10 nm. The phytoformulated nanoparticles were found to be well dispersed in solution and stable due to capping molecules present in the reaction mixture. The chromatographic analysis (GC-MS) displayed a prominent fragmentation pattern especially at the higher molecular weight in the range of 280 to 271. Angiogenesis is an important physiological process that plays a crucial role in several pathological conditions (tumor growth and metastasis). The green synthesized AgNPs were assessed for their angiogenic inhibition properties using zebrafish embryos as a model system. The biogenic AgNPs treatment at the dose of 100 μl and 150 μl showed significant anti-angiogenesis (inhibitory effect on angiogenesis), which represents more effectiveness in controlling the vessel formation during pathological conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!