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1

Maden, Christopher, Sophie McKendrick, and Robert Grace. "Alternative Medicine Use at Vila Central Hospital Vanuatu: A Survey of the Use of ‘Custom Medicine’ in Patients and Staff." Tropical Doctor 33, no. 1 (January 2003): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550303300111.

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A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the use of custom (traditional or herbal) medicine in 50 medical and 50 surgical inpatients and 50 staff at Vila Central Hospital, Vanuatu. Eighty-six per cent of those interviewed had used custom medicine at least once, 60% within the last year. Twenty-one medical patients (42%) had used custom medicine for their current problem, 12% whilst in hospital. Eighteen surgical patients (36%) had used custom medicine for their current problem, 6% whilst in hospital. Fourteen of the staff (28%) interviewed had used custom medicine within the last year. Sixty-nine per cent of interviewees stated that custom medicine had improved their condition. Whilst custom medicine use was common across all attained education levels, there was a trend for those with higher levels of education to use less custom medicine. The most common form of custom medicine was leaf tea, followed by leaf applications, cutting, magic, massage and chanting. The majority of these were made/prescribed by local ‘Klevas’ (custom doctors). The cost of the ‘medicine’ was often substantial, generally many times the cost of a day in hospital. These findings indicate a high prevalence of custom medicine use within Vanuatu. Clinicians must be alert to the possibility of their patients using custom medicine even whilst in hospital and the potential for custom medicine to contribute to the clinical problems. Late presentation of patients to hospital is common in Vanuatu, and the use of custom medicine is partially a contributing factor to this. It also poses questions as to patient confidence in health services.
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2

Strauss, Pieter. "Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk, kerkorde en onderwys." Koers - Bulletin for Christian Scholarship 81, no. 2 (October 31, 2016): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19108/koers.81.2.2256.

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The Dutch Reformed Church, church order and education. From the first church order of the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1962, it has formulated stipulations for the church and education. In this regard the Dutch Reformed Church is unique among reformed churches. The wording of this article has changed over the years, but the main content has remained the same. The Dutch Reformed Church supports Christian education as a church, but also recognizes the competence of education authorities to finalise education standards and programmes. In 1962 the order of the Dutch Reformed Church on education also stated that the church would work on the Protestant character of the Afrikaner people. From 1990 onwards these words were omitted. The church nevertheless feels that education will allways be imbricated in a certain culture. In synodical resolutions in recent times the Dutch Reformed Church has recognized the calling of the South African state to subsidize all education enterprises that meet certain purely educational standards. Vanaf sy eerste kerkorde in 1962 koester die Algemene Sinode van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk die ideaal van nie-kerklike Christelike onderwys. Met sy kerkordelike bepalings oor die kerk en onderwys, is die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk uniek onder gereformeerde kerke. Die bewoording van hierdie artikels het deur die jare verander, maar die hoofsaak het dieselfde gebly. Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk steun Christelike onderwys vanuit sy kerklike hoek, maar erken die interne bevoegdheid van onderwysinstellings om onderwysinhoude en standaarde te finaliseer. In 1962 het sy kerkorde bepaal dat die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk hom beywer vir die Protestants-Christelike karakter van “ons volk”, die Afrikanervolk. Die uitsondering van “ons volk” is sedert 1990 egter weggelaat ten gunste die erkenning van alle kulture in die onderwys. In sinodebesluite van die afgelope tyd ondersteun die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk die standpunt dat die Suid-Afrikaanse staatsowerheid onderwys alle lewensbeskoulik gerigte instansies subsidieer.
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3

Watson-Gegeo, Karen Ann. "Re-Thinking Vanuatu Education Together (review)." Contemporary Pacific 17, no. 2 (2005): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0075.

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4

Sabir, Ahmad. "Diplomasi Publik Indonesia terhadap Vanuatu Dalam Upaya Membendung Gerakan Separatisme Papua." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 11, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v11i1.8679.

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Abstract This research explains Indonesia diplomacy to Vanuatu in the context of the Indonesian government's efforts to resolve separatism issue in Papua. The analysis conducted on this thesis uses the theory of Public Diplomacy by Leonard, Stead and Smewing (2002). The result of this research is the failure of Indonesian public diplomacy to shape Vanuatu political stance on Papua issue caused by the failure in optimizing the strategies of Indonesian public diplomacy. Vanuatu yet staunchly supports Papua separatist movement. There are at least three reasons that are closely related to the weakness of Indonesian public diplomacy towards Vanuatu: (1) the conduct of Indonesian public diplomacy has been dominated by state actor and less involve the role of non-state actors, (2) the three dimensions of Indonesian public diplomacy have not been optimazed, and (3) the existance of Melanesian Renaissance in Vanuatu domestic politics. Key words: Public Diplomacy, Indonesia, Vanuatu, United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), Papua Separatist Movement. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang diplomasi Indonesia kepada Vanuatu pada konteks upaya pemerintah Indonesia menyelesaikan masalah gerakan separatisme Papua. Analisis yang dilakukan pada tesis ini menggunakan teori diplomasi publik dari Leonard, Stead dan Smewing (2002). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah gagalnya diplomasi publik Indonesia untuk mempengaruhi sikap politik Vanuatu atas isu Papua disebabkan karena belum optimalnya strategi diplomasi publik yang dijalankan Indonesia. Vanuatu tetap mendukung gerakan separatis Papua. Setidaknya ada tiga faktor yang menyebabkan lemahnya diplomasi publik Indonesia terhadap Vanuatu dalam isu Papua yaitu: (1) pelaksanaan diplomasi publik masih didominasi aktor negara dan kurang melibatkan aktor non-negara; (2) tidak optimalnya tiga dimensi diplomasi publik yang dijalankan Indonesia; dan (3) kuatnya pengaruh Melanesian Renaissance dalam perpolitikan domestik Vanuatu. Kata kunci: Diplomasi Publik, Indonesia, Vanuatu, United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), gerakan separatisme Papua.
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5

Bull, Melissa, and Nicole George. "Policing Gender Violence in Vanuatu." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1768.

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Gender violence is one of the greatest challenges to peace and security in Pacific Island Countries. The persistence of this problem is often linked to the limits of state-based policing authority. It is argued that this approach fails to grapple adequately with hybrid systems of regulatory authority in Pacific Island Countries that include customary and faith-based forms of authority. Feminist inquiry into the difficulties Pacific women face in securing justice when they are the victims of gendered crimes frequently highlights the gendered failings of state and customary systems of justice, finding that both systems reflect and further entrench the subordinated status of women. This paper addresses the tension between the apparent limits of state-centred models of policing and the shortfalls of hybridised structures of regulatory authority. It reports a theoretically informed empirical study that investigated how ni-Vanuatu women understand gender violence and the role that police can play in its prevention. Using participant research and photo elicitation surveys, we asked 1) how does the authority of policing agencies operate when addressing violence against women in relation to other sites of international and local sociocultural authority in the Vanuatu context, and 2) how do women understand and value policing authority relative to other sites of regulatory authority? We found that, while police in Vanuatu operate in the context of constructive complementarity with other forms of authority, women valued police, identifying them as the key source of regulatory authority that could provide help if their partner became violent or if they were threatened.
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6

Tabani, Marc. "Tannese Chiefs, State Structures, and Global Connections in Vanuatu." Contemporary Pacific 31, no. 1 (2019): 65–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2019.0006.

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7

SAWAH, Kency Obed. "Vanuatu's Typical Approach of Mathematics vs the TUAM Approach of Mathematics." Southeast Asian Mathematics Education Journal 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46517/seamej.v12i1.177.

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There are multiple factors contributing to the low level of mathematics in basic education in the Republic of Vanuatu. Results through the Vanuatu Standard Test of Achievement (VANSTA) in 2017 and 2019 unveiled that there were gaps in the performance of mathematics which cause the overall achievement to stagnant which were below the expected minimum standard (Curriculum Development Unit, 2020). This study investigated the current situation of the teaching mathematics approach in the country recognised as the ‘I Do-We Do-You Do’ teaching model. In comparison, the study also examined the influence of the ‘Try-Understand-Apply-Master’ (TUAM) discovery learning process on students in Vanuatu. The study compared these two teaching approaches through pre and post-test interventions among the control and experimental group of two grade five classes. The findings of the study discovered a possibility that the TUAM discovery learning process could be effective in improving the mathematics level in the basic education in the Republic of Vanuatu.
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8

Crowley, Terry. "The Language Situation in Vanuatu." Current Issues in Language Planning 1, no. 1 (April 2000): 47–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200008668005.

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9

Gregory, Janet E., and Robert J. Gregory. "Breaking Equilibrium: Three Styles of Education on Tanna, Vanuatu." Journal of Human Ecology 13, no. 5 (September 2002): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2002.11905567.

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10

Thomas, Alice, and Aubrey D. Litvack. "Community tuberculosis education: lessons learned in Tanna Island, Vanuatu." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 39, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12313.

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11

Rousseau, Benedicta. "Provincialising Lakatoro: Orienting sociality through a state institution in Vanuatu." Australian Journal of Anthropology 23, no. 2 (August 2012): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2012.00181.x.

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12

Cammish, Nadine K. "Island Daughters: factors affecting the education of girls in Vanuatu." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 24, no. 2 (January 1994): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305792940240204.

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13

Rio, Knut M. "Policing the Holy Nation: The State and Righteous Violence in Vanuatu." Oceania 81, no. 1 (March 2011): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2011.tb00093.x.

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14

Savage, Amy, Lisa Schubert, Corey Huber, Hilary Bambrick, Nina Hall, and Bill Bellotti. "Adaptation to the Climate Crisis: Opportunities for Food and Nutrition Security and Health in a Pacific Small Island State." Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0090.1.

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AbstractClimate change, malnutrition, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are three of the most significant health challenges of this century, and they share fundamental underlying drivers. Pacific Island countries (PICs) are at the forefront of the impacts of climate change, which is likely to affect food and nutrition security (FNS) directly and indirectly, and many countries have existing high NCD burdens. This paper surveys the climate change adaptation (CCA) landscape in one PIC, Vanuatu. It explores the extent to which FNS and diet-related NCDs are considered and addressed within CCA initiatives. A comprehensive review of the literature related to CCA, FNS, and NCDs in Vanuatu was combined with 32 semistructured interviews with key experts and stakeholders. This study found that some promising groundwork has been laid for tackling the effects of climate change on FNS in policy and governance, agriculture, coastal management, and nutrition. However, several opportunities for strengthening CCA were identified: targeting urban populations; complementary integration of disaster risk reduction and CCA; incorporating local knowledge; applying a systems-based framing of NCDs as climate-sensitive health risks; and emphasizing human-centered, community-led CCA. Vanuatu will continue to be affected by accelerating climate change. A strong foundation for CCA presents clear opportunities for further development. As food and nutrition insecurity and diet-related NCD risk factors are increasingly exacerbated by climate change, alongside other socioeconomic drivers, it is crucial to find new and innovative ways to increase transformational resilience and adaptive capacity that also improve nutrition and health outcomes.
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15

Webb, Elizabeth, Lisa Woods, Carol Stewart, Peggy Fairbairn Dunlop, Jenny Tangis, Jenny Stephens, and Elaine Dennison. "Timings of Permanent Tooth Emergence in Children of Rural Vanuatu, Melanesia." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 8 (December 30, 2021): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2021.143.

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Introduction Global patterning and timing of permanent tooth emergence is influenced by ethnicity, with no known timings reported for ethnic Melanesian children living in the tropical archipelago of Vanuatu. Aim To determine timings of permanent tooth emergence and sequencing for children who reside in rural Vanuatu. Methods Children aged 4-17 years (n=1026), part of a larger oral health cross-sectional study, were examined recording all permanent teeth present, across four spatially separated islands. Binary logistic modelling established children’s median age of emergence of each permanent tooth for each study area. Results The median emergence of first permanent molars for girls is 4.9-years and 5.3 -years for boys. In all locations, children had all permanent teeth emerge by age 11 years (excluding 3rd molars). Clinically important differences exist for permanent tooth emergence by study area. Discussion Permanent teeth emerge earlier for Ni-Vanuatu children compared to both Melanesian children of Papua New Guinea as well as other ethnicities across Oceanic countries. These results can be used as a set standard for Vanuatu. Early tooth emergence suggests oral health education programmes should target pregnant women with clinical preventive strategies commencing for their children before 5-years of age.
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16

Singh, Shailendra. "Investigative journalism: Challenges, perils, rewards in seven Pacific Island countries." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.291.

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This article appraises the general state of investigative journalism in seven Pacific Island countries—Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu—and asserts that the trend is not encouraging. Journalism in general, and investigative journalism in particular, has struggled due to harsher legislation as in military-ruled Fiji; beatings and harassment of journalists as in Vanuatu; and false charges and lawsuits targeting journalists and the major newspaper company in the Cook Islands. Corruption, tied to all the major political upheavals in the region since independence, is also discussed. Threats to investigative journalism, like the ‘backfiring effect’ and ‘anti-whistleblower’ law are examined, along with some investigative journalism success case studies.
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17

Boege, Volker, and Charles T. Hunt. "On ‘travelling traditions’: Emplaced security in Liberia and Vanuatu." Cooperation and Conflict 55, no. 4 (September 9, 2020): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836720954480.

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Important sources of everyday security – variously labelled as customary, informal, traditional or autochthonous – are commonly associated with rural spaces and attributed to the lack of presence or traction of state institutions. However, these practices are not limited to peripheries; they can travel. Their structures, authority and legitimacy can be re-produced in new settings, often in response to the perturbations caused by conflict, while also changing in the course of travel. Consequently, in urban spaces – the supposed ‘centre’ of the modern state – people’s sense of security can be profoundly influenced and shaped by the ordering logics of such ‘travelling traditions’. This has ramifications for ‘emplaced security’ – both short-term responses to acute vulnerability of displaced communities and emergent longer-term forms of order. This article explores the utility of the ‘spatial turn’ in peacebuilding theory for better understanding this phenomenon. It uses the cases of Vanuatu and Liberia to demonstrate how more nuanced understandings of the (re)construction of authority between and across places and scales may help comprehend how people generate everyday emplaced security. A spatial approach provides analytical leverage that can help to highlight how a phenomenon such as travelling traditions contributes to the formation and substance of emplaced security.
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Gregory, Janet E., and Robert J. Gregory. "An Investigation on Socialization and Education on Tanna, Vanuatu: Methodology and Focus." Journal of Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (October 2003): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2003.11892393.

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19

Crowley, Terry. "Linguistic demography: Interpreting the 1989 census results in Vanuatu." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 15, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1994.9994553.

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20

Farran, Sue, and Edward R. Hill. "Making changes with rules in the South pacific: Civil procedure in Vanuatu." Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education 3, no. 2 (December 2005): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760400508522899.

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21

Rand, Emily Chistensen, Tim Foster, Erie Sami, and Erickson Sammy. "Review of water safety planning processes and options for improved climate resilient infrastructure in Vanuatu." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2022): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.014.

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Abstract Vanuatu is a small island state ranked the most at-risk for natural hazards globally. Access to safe and secure water is limited, particularly for poor and rural residents. It is projected that climate change will increase temperatures, sea level, cyclone intensity, and extreme rainfall events in Vanuatu. As the impacts of climate change become clearer, it is becoming easier to predict the consequences of those changes on water infrastructure. The Government of Vanuatu, Department of Water Resources (DoWR) wants to support communities to enhance the resilience of community water supply infrastructure, despite the additional challenge of climate change. Since 2013, DoWR has adapted Water Safety Plans to the local context with Drinking Water Safety and Security Plans (DWSSPs). An analysis of actions taken after 199 DWSSPs, site visits and interviews, revealed an opportunity to integrate climate change more into existing community risk planning processes. The analysis also identified many potential problems with existing water infrastructure that increase their exposure to climate risks as well as possible improvements to decrease those risks. As a result, adjustments were made to the current water safety planning approach, so that communities review hazards associated with climate change and identify resilient infrastructure improvements.
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Hughes, Desma. "Reflecting on Early Literacy Development in the Context of Vanuatu." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 5, no. 3 (September 2004): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2004.5.3.7.

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23

Van Velthoven, Harry. "Een kwarteeuw strijd om een gedeeltelijke vernederlandsing van het katholiek middelbaar onderwijs. Jezuïeten en bisschoppen versus katholieke flaminganten. Verdere inzichten via een nieuwe bronnenpublicatie (1900-1906)." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 68, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v68i4.12444.

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Het afdwingen van het recht op onderwijs in eigen taal behoorde tot de kernstrategie van de Vlaamse beweging: de erkenning van het leervak Nederlands op gelijke voet met het Frans in het secundair onderwijs en daarnaast de vernederlandsing van een paar vakken met perspectief op uitbreiding en zo de stap naar de hervorming van het universitair onderwijs. De taalwet van 1883, beperkt tot het door de staat ingericht onderwijs, kwam daaraan in essentie tegemoet, zij het via een moeizame toepassing. In het sterkere vrij katholiek onderwijs bestond geen algemene regeling. Vooral de Jezuïeten en de Jozefieten, die ook de slechtste reputatie hadden, zouden zich verzetten. Daarop begonnen ook de katholieke flaminganten steeds meer op een verplichting bij wet te rekenen en vandaar ook het wetsvoorstel-Coremans in 1901. Toen Mgr. Mercier in 1906 kardinaal werd, slaagde hij erin alle bisschoppen en reguliere orden achter de “Bisschoppelijke Onderrichtingen” van september te krijgen. Hoewel deze verbeteringen inhielden, waren ze vanuit principieel oogpunt slechter dan de taalwet van 1883: tweetalig lager onderwijs, geen vernederlandsing van vakken in het secundair onderwijs en de principiële afkeuring van het Nederlands als voertaal voor het universitair onderwijs. Het leidde tot een vertrouwensbreuk met het grootste deel van de katholieke Vlaamse beweging. Het is de verdienste van Lieve Gevers dat zij, nu ook voor de periode 1900-1906, de kerkelijke archieven terzake grondig heeft onderzocht en via een uitstekend geannoteerde bronnenpublicatie een zeer goed zicht op het besluitvormingsproces mogelijk maakt. ________25 Years of struggle for a partial Dutchification of Catholic Secondary education. Jesuits and bishops against Catholic supporters of the Flemish Movement. More insights due to a new publication of sources (1900-1906)The enforcement of the right to education in one’s own language was part of the core strategy of the Flemish Movement: the recognition of Dutch as a study subject in secondary education at the same level as French, as well as the Dutchification of some subjects with a view to expansion and thereby the transition to the reform of university education. The linguistic law of 1883, limited to education provided by the state, was essentially a concession towards this goal, although its application proved to be difficult. There was no general rule for the stronger free Catholic education. Particularly the Jesuits and the Josephites, who also had the worst reputation, were to resist the change. In reaction the Catholic supporters of the Flemish Movement started to count increasingly on a legal obligation, which resulted in the Coremans bill in 1901. When Mgr Mercier was elevated to cardinal in 1906, he succeeded in uniting all bishops and regular orders behind the Episcopal Instructions of September. Although these included improvements, they were in principle worse than the linguistic law of 1883: bilingual primary education, no Dutchification of study subjects in secondary education, and in principle the rejection of Dutch as the spoken language for university education. It caused a breach of trust with the largest part of the Catholic Flemish Movement. It is the merit of Lieve Gevers that she has provided an excellent insight in the decision making process after an in-depth study of the subject in the ecclesiastical archives, now also for the period of 1900-1906, and by means of an excellent annotated publication of sources.
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Forsyth, Miranda. "Spinning a Conflict Management Web in Vanuatu: Creating and Strengthening Links between State and Non-State Legal Institutions." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 43, no. 63 (January 2011): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2011.10756661.

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Farran, Sue, and Jennifer Corrin. "Developing Legislation to Formalise Customary Land Management: Deep Legal Pluralism or a Shallow Veneer?" Law and Development Review 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2016-0017.

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AbstractOne of the many post-colonial claims of indigenous people is the re-assertion of their rights over their land and its resources. Colonial history has created for many people a plural legal system and this, combined with social and economic changes, presents new challenges for development in the realm of traditional or customary land. This article focuses on the Pacific island state of Vanuatu, formerly known as the New Hebrides. At independence in 1980 allodial title to all land was returned to the custom owners while colonial forms of land law were also retained. In 2013, after nearly a decade of concern about land alienation, the Vanuatu government introduced the Custom Land Management Act. This article critically analyses this attempt to safeguard customary law and customary institutions in formal, written law, considering in particular the implications for law and development in a plural land law regime.
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Vari-Bogiri, Hannah. "A Sociolinguistic Survey of Araki: A Dying Language of Vanuatu." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 26, no. 1 (January 15, 2005): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790710508668398.

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Rio, Knut. "Handling Sorcery in a State System of Law: Magic, Violence and Kastom in Vanuatu." Oceania 80, no. 2 (July 2010): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2010.tb00079.x.

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28

Early, Robert. "Double Trouble, and Three is a Crowd: Languages in Education and Official Languages in Vanuatu." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 20, no. 1 (January 1999): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434639908666367.

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29

Bertelsen, Bjørn Enge, and Knut Rio. "1968 and its other worlds: Global events and (anti-)state dynamics in France, Mozambique and Vanuatu." History and Anthropology 30, no. 5 (September 20, 2018): 622–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2018.1524759.

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30

Pascht, Arno. "Preservation or Diversification? Ideas and Practices Connected with Sustainability in Vanuatu." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084733.

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The aim of this article is to explore anthropology’s potential to contribute to reflections on the definition of sustainability. It draws on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in the South Pacific island state of Vanuatu, using as its main methods semi-structured interviews, participant observation and freelisting. This article presents decisions and acts of the inhabitants of the rural village of Siviri regarding both the cultivation of food crops and fishing. It relates findings to a recent anthropological working definition of ‘sustainability’ that emphasises facilitating the necessary conditions for change by building and supporting diversity to address the unpredictability of the future. This definition is opposed to other current definitions that stress the preservation of existing norms. The research results presented here show that, with their decidedly future-oriented ideas and practices, the villagers of Siviri engaged with climate change adaptation projects and workshops regarding conservation and subsequently created new cultivation methods and established a marine conservation area. Additionally, they reduced their engagement in cultivation and diversified their livelihood practices. Referring to theoretical approaches connected with the ‘ontological turn’ in anthropology, it is argued that asking ontological questions reveals fundamental differences between the inhabitants of the village of Siviri and international and national governments and organisations in terms of their conceptualisations connected with sustainability. The article concludes that anthropology can make important contributions to discussions about sustainability that have the potential to improve the dialogue between different stakeholders by showing the alterity of conceptualisations. This may lead to new, localised and contextualised definitions of sustainability.
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Duffield, Lee. "New Caledonia and Vanuatu: Differences defined in a student reporting venture into the Pacific." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.17.

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A reporting field trip by Australian journalism students to New Caledonia and Vanuatu in mid-2014 produced markedly differing impressions of the neighbouring island societies, linked to their ‘independence’ status—one as an integrated territory of France, the other as an independent state. The field trip, one of a series from the Queensland University of Technology, aimed at developing reporting skills through work in unaccustomed territory, especially different cultural settings. Over 17 days, six students and the coordinator, and author of this article, generated 18 feature-length reports for online outlets and a radio documentary. The article synthesises the collected work from the field, producing a thematic statement of findings. It records broad consensus in New Caledonia in favour of enacting the Matignon and Noumea Accords on independence, while noting an undercurrent of unresolved conflicts. It characterises public life in Vanuatu in terms of a democratic spirit, and the invocation of traditional ties within society, as the country grapples with problems of development and impacts of the outside world. This work is interpretative, concerned with identifying processes underlying events in daily news. It is proposed as a first step towards a scholarly construction of meta-analyses of the interpretative and informative power of journalistic reporting.
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Iredale, Robyn, Carmen Voigt-Graf, and Siew-Ean Khoo. "Teacher Migration to and from Australia and New Zealand, and the Place of Cook Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu Teachers." Research in Comparative and International Education 4, no. 2 (January 2009): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2009.4.2.125.

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Méheux, Kirstie, and El Parker. "Tourist sector perceptions of natural hazards in Vanuatu and the implications for a small island developing state." Tourism Management 27, no. 1 (February 2006): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.07.009.

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34

Abongdia, Jane-Francis A., and Fiona Willans. "The position of English globally and nationally: a comparison of Cameroon and Vanuatu." Current Issues in Language Planning 15, no. 1 (July 24, 2013): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2013.801062.

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Willans, Fiona. "Classroom code-switching in a Vanuatu secondary school: conflict between policy and practice." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 14, no. 1 (January 2011): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050903576038.

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36

Kolchugina, M. "Education and State." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2001): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2001-10-75-84.

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Taub, D., and J. Klein. "State Religious Education--Religion vs. State." Journal of Church and State 42, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/42.2.345.

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Hogan, Robert, and Natalie Nimmer. "Increasing Access to Effective Education Across Oceania." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwltt.2013010102.

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The history of education in many developing nations is a template of ineffectual and expensive instruction. Despite nearly half a century of higher education in the Pacific, up to 50% of the teachers in many countries such as the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands still have no more than a high school education. Similar trends are found in Asia and Africa. Past experience in Oceania demonstrates that face-to-face university training has been neither scalable nor sustainable. This paper compares two educational approaches—face-to-face and blended learning. The face-to-face, WorldTeach program in the Marshall Islands employed foreign volunteer teachers living on site to give local teachers a year’s leave for additional training. The blended chemistry course, which combined online and face-to-face learning, was delivered simultaneously to teacher candidates in Fiji, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands. The blended course utilized online instructors and tutors, and face-to-face tutors. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of both case studies and recommends that nations consider blended learning as an approach to make education more accessible and affordable, especially in emerging nations. As brick-and-mortar campuses and instructor travel become more expensive, blended learning becomes an increasingly attractive educational option.
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Robie, David. "EDITORIAL: Pacific media advocacy." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 23, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i2.343.

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IN SAMOA during July 2015, a new Pacific journalism education and training advocacy era was born with the establishment of the Media Educators Pacific (MEP) after a talkfest had gone on for years about the need for such a body. A draft constitution had even been floated at a journalism education conference hosted at the University of the South Pacific in 2012. The initiative created unity of sorts between the Technical, Vocational and Educational Training (TVET) media institutes from Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, and the regional University of the South Pacific journalism programme. Founding president Misa Vicky Lepou of the National University of Samoa pledged at the time to produce a vision with a difference:
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40

Brotchie, Amanda. "Sequentiality in the narratives of Tirax, an oceanic language spoken on Malakula, Vanuatu." Narrative in ‘societies of intimates’ 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 340–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.26.2.07bro.

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Sequentiality is widely considered to be a universal and defining characteristic of narrative, however there has been relatively little research on narrative in non-European languages with oral traditions. Evidence from the Vanuatu language, Tirax, suggests that sequentiality is not the only nor fundamental strategy for narrative construction. The Tirax data show that while there is a general correlation between narrative clause order and the order of story events, there are many exceptions to sequential ordering. Furthermore there is minimal or no specialized marking to indicate the disruptions to sequentiality in Tirax narratives. The disruptions to sequentiality appear to be motivated by the storytelling imperatives of hooking an audience and keeping them immersed in the story. The data suggest that the difference in cognitive pressures involved in remembering, constructing and comprehending the spoken narrative, compared with the written one, is reflected in different ways of organising information in a narrative.
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Willans, Fiona. "Traces of globalised discourses within and around spaces for multilingualism: prospects for education policy change in Vanuatu." Current Issues in Language Planning 16, no. 1-2 (September 9, 2014): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2014.947021.

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42

Li, Mu, Natalie McKelleher, Theto Moses, John Mark, Karen Byth, Gary Ma, and Creswell J. Eastman. "Iodine nutritional status of children on the island of Tanna, Republic of Vanuatu." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004497.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the iodine nutritional status of children living on the island of Tanna, Republic of Vanuatu.DesignCross-sectional study. Urine and household salt samples were collected for iodine measurement. Thyroid volumes were measured by ultrasound. A food consumption frequency survey was carried out, particularly in relation to salt, iodine-rich foods and foods that containing thiocyanate, a potentially goitrogenic substance. Urinary thiocyanate levels were also measured.SettingIsland rural communities in Tanna, Vanuatu.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty-three schoolchildren between 8 and 10 years of age from four locations on the island participated.ResultsThe median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) among the children was 49mg/l, indicating moderate iodine deficiency. This was corroborated by 27% of boys and 33% of girls having thyroid glands greater than the international standard for their age, and 36% of boys and 45% of girls having thyroid glands greater than the international standard for their body surface area based on ultrasonography. There was a highly statistically significant inverse correlation between thyroid volume and UIE for boys and girls (r= −0·444,P= 0·001 andr= −0·319,P= 0·005, respectively). There was no correlation between thiocyanate and UIE or thyroid volume. Only 34% of children reported to consume fish (tinned or fresh) on a weekly basis.ConclusionsAgainst the common perception, the study has demonstrated that the children on the island of Tanna were in a state of moderate iodine deficiency. More data need to be collected from other Pacific Island countries in order to provide evidence for formulating public policy in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in these nations.
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Рozdnyakova, E. V. "STATE ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), no. 3 (1) (2022): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-37-40.

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The problem of education has been and remains one of the leading problems for modern Russian society. It is spreading with even greater force in our time and is becoming even more serious. Every year, the state allocates huge funds for the development of education. Why is education of great importance for the state? Why does the state pay great attention to its development? There is a logical answer to these two questions. Almost any state strives for development and to occupy the first positions in the world market and, as a result, sets itself various goals, the achievement of which will help to bring the state to a leading position. One of the goals is to increase the literacy and education of the population, because the fate of any state depends on the state of the education system.
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Duckett, Robin. "The state of education." Early Years Educator 22, no. 12 (July 2, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.12.12.

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Slasinski-Griem, Carolyn. "State Control of Education." American Journal of Comparative Law 38 (1990): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840554.

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MIKHAILOV, F. T. "Education and State Power." Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 44, no. 1 (February 2006): 55–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-0405440104.

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Spence, Des. "The state of education." BMJ 336, no. 7634 (January 3, 2008): 48.1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39409.757593.94.

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48

Bengtsson, Erik. "Education, state and citizenship." Scandinavian Economic History Review 63, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2015.1032340.

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Green, Andy. "Postmodernism and state education." Journal of Education Policy 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268093940090105.

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Hadrill, Romla. "Education and State Formation." Journal of Vocational Education & Training 43, no. 3 (December 1991): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347308003771.

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