Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental Value Orientation'

A cross age study was conducted to investigate 6th, 7th and 8th grade students&rsquo<br>value orientations, environmental optimism, and environmental concern. In addition, gender and grade level differences in the environmental-related attributes were examined. A total of 938 (491 girls and 447 boys) students attending public schools located in Kelkit, the district of Gumushane, were administered a questionnaire consisting of Demographics, Environmental Attitudes and Apathy Scales, Environmental Concern Scale , Environmental Optimism Scale, Locus of Control Scale and Conservation Behavior Scale. In general, students who participated in the current study found to endorse eco-centric attitudes, and express a high degree of concern as well as optimism level about the current and future state of the environmental issues and problems. They also seemed to be interested in environmental issues and problems and perceived environmental problems as one of the two or three most important problems currently being faced. In order to examine the role of gender and grade level on students&rsquo<br>environmental attitudes, two separate two-way MANOVAs were conducted. The results revealed a statistically significant gender and grade level differences both on students&rsquo<br>ecocentric, apathy and anthropocentric attitudes and on students&rsquo<br>environmental optimism and concern levels.

The aim of this study was fourfold. Firstly the nature of training for Foundation Phase student teachers in Life Skills had to be determined. Secondly, the outcomes for Life Skills training for Foundation Phase student teachers had to be ascertained. Thirdly, effective teaching-learning methods for training had to be identified to achieve outcomes in the most effective way. New methods of presentation and assessment had to be exploited to address the new challenge of reduced contact time. Lastly, the nature of Life Skills training at other higher teaching institutions in South Africa had to be determined so that general outcomes and guidelines for effective training of Foundation Phase student teachers in Life Skills could be established. A literature study was done to determine the nature of Life Skills for Foundation Phase student teachers. Four outcomes were identified were identified from this study, namely health promotion, promotion of the environment, development of human potential and the promotion of moral, cultural and religious values as main components of Life Skills. In addition a literature study was done on effective teaching-learning methods which should be applied to ensure effective Life Skills training for student teachers. The four most important components or essential features that should be considered during the facilitation of Life Skills for Foundation Phase student teachers, namely the lecturer, student, learning environment as well as the aim of teaching, including teaching content and assessment were set out. After questionnaires regarding the nature of training for Foundation Phase student teachers in Life Skills were sent to institutions for higher education and the responses were statistically analysed, it was possible to make a number of findings and recommendations. From the empirical research it became clear that the identified outcomes were also valued and applied by lecturers at other institutions for higher education. Furthermore, it became apparent that active teaching learning-methods and self-regulated learning are valued as important aspects of effective teacher training. Skills should not only be practised during contact sessions, but learning environments should be extended. It should include a variety of contexts like community service, practical teaching experience at schools under supervision of mentors as well exposure to diverse and multicultural teaching learning-environments. By effective planning and organising, it is possible for lecturers to guide students to become self regulated and effective learners within the context of reduced contact time.<br>Thesis (M. Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>交通管理學系碩博士班<br>96<br>According to the EPA satatistics in CO2 emission are 2.58 hundred million in Taiwan on 2006.We ranking in 22 in total CO2 emission of worldwide.Average per capital CO2 emission are 11.9 tons.We are triple in average per capital global CO2 emission according to the IPCC statistics.Ranking first in emission density.The energy consumption of highway transportation are 10,240,100 KLOE and 4,649,800 KLOE respectively on 2006.Highway transportation occupy 15.4% in total energy consumption. Highway transportation occupy 90% GHG emission in transportation system.Compared to the growth rate of GDP in 4%, Taiwan has a large growth of CO2 emission in 8% for the past 10 years.Reveal the economy growth also endanger in environment.Transportation service will influence the industrial development .The consumption of energy will cause CO2 emission. We hope to understand the value orientation from respondents in influenceing the attitude of energy consumption, to inspire altruistic value to concern with others and society.The conduct of biospheric value to concern creature to awaken public in environment deteriorate.From the awareness of consequences to influence ascription of responsibility.Subsequently from the ascription of responsibility to influence personal norm make public transmit friendly behavior in environment.Restrict one’s behavior to benefit environment.To feel have the morality and responsibility to protect environment.Relatively consciousness raising accepting in environmental and energy policy as well as the development of public transit smooth going. Through the analysis of structural equation modeling to explore the respondents of different area in Taiwan how they percept in egoistic,altruistic,biospheric value.To make a study of the differences of value influence awareness of consequence and ascription of responsibility which express in personal norm.Cluster analysis would help in exploring different area express their cooperate attitude in pro-environmental behavior.The background of different socio-demographic in influenceing belief and personal norm will be study in multivariate analysis of variance. The respondents have more perception in awareness of consequence display more ascription of responsibility relatively.Only the respondents of south area has altruistic value obviously.The respondents of north area inferior to south area in pro-environmental behavior.The intersect effect of gender,age,education degree and the intersect effect of gender,age,income will significant influence in ascription of responsibility .The awareness of consequence and ascription of responsibility will be influence by the intersect effect of gender,education degree and income

Knowledge of visitor impacts is critical for sustainable tourism management in national parks. The focus of past tourism impact research on national parks is either on bio-physical impacts (conducted as recreation ecology research) or on social impacts (human dimensions, including environmental perception and crowding). Research integrating these two dimensions has been rarely conducted. This research aims to fill this gap through the integrative approach that attempts to understand current biophysical impacts of visitor activities in a national park, and it examines how visitors perceive these impacts. The primary objectives of this dissertation are 1) to provide a synthesis of existing of bio-physical impacts of visitor activities in the Khao Yai National Park (KYNP) and 2) to examine visitors’ perception of those impacts. Also, the factors affecting visitors’ perception are analyzed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this study. Previous impact studies conducted in KYNP were reviewed. A visitor survey was conducted between December 2008 and February 2009. The questionnaires were distributed to 628 domestic and 40 international visitors. The 38 KYNP official interviews were completed. Based on previous impact research in KYNP, the most common bio-physical impacts include soil compaction, removal of humus layer, erosion, plant damage, soil and root exposure, water quality deterioration, disturbance and feeding wildlife. Other environmental impacts include noise pollution and garbage accumulation. The results indicate that more than 30 percent of visitors do not recognize the negative results of their activities. With the exception of vegetation and water impacts, overall, visitors perceive the impacts as less severe than the actual impacts. Environmental impacts are rated differently by the KYNP officials, domestic, and international visitors. Also, significant differences were found among birders, hikers, and campers. The key factors influencing impact perceptions include income level, education level, residential location, park visitation experience, length of stay in KYNP, recreation activity, frequency of activity, group type, and group size. It is suggested that both the quality and the quantity of visitor impact research are needed to construct the body of knowledge of impacts in KYNP. A long-term impact monitoring is required to sustain the ecological integrity in KYNP.

碩士<br>世新大學<br>觀光學研究所(含碩專班)<br>102<br>This study explained the gap between Leave No Trace (LNT) knowledge and mountaineering pro-environmental behavior. The “Model of Pro-environmental Behavior” developed by Kollmuss & Agyeman, the relationships between foest value orientations, LNT knowledge and environmental emotional involvement and the influence of the three factors on mountaineering pro-environmental behavior were investigated. Data were collected at Bei-Cha-tian-shan trail and the mountaineer who have climbed Bei-Cha-tian-shan were surveyed. The questionnaire consisted five sections, including demographic, mountaineering behavior, forest value orientations, emotional involvement and LNT knowledge. Descriptive analysis, T test, correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that LNT knowledge had significant influence on washing dish and the choice of trail path. Environmental emotional involvement had significant influence on “trail passing” and “respecting wildlife”. Forest value orientations had significant influence on “washing dish” and “choosing campsite”. The implications of the finding are discussed, and the further research is suggested.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have received much attention recently as an innovative approach to restoring and protecting valued ocean resources. The acceptability of MPAs in the U.S. will depend, to a large extent, on society's perceptions regarding the relevant costs and benefits of such areas. In order to incorporate social impact information into marine resource management decisions, it is necessary to study the values, beliefs and attitudes of affected stakeholders. The cognitive hierarchy model provides a theoretical framework for understanding relationships among these cognitions. According to this model, value orientations and beliefs can directly influence attitudes toward a particular attitude object. This study utilized the cognitive hierarchy model to investigate relationships among saltwater anglers' value orientations, beliefs and attitudes connected with MPAs. The moderating effects of recreation specialization and MPA knowledge on these relationships were also explored. Data were collected using a mail survey sent to a representative sample of private boat saltwater anglers in the Northeast United States. Attitudes were measured for four types of hypothetical MPAs ranging from least to most restrictive on saltwater anglers. Three value orientations (biocentric/anthropocentric, general marine resource values, and open access/ocean zoning) and three higher order beliefs (health of the oceans, impact of recreational fishing, and long-term effect of recreational catch reductions on fishing quality) were measured. Ocean zoning/open access value orientation and beliefs about the ocean's health were the best predictors of MPA attitudes. As hypothesized, anglers with ocean zoning value orientations hold more favorable attitudes towards marine protected areas than do anglers with open access value orientations. Similarly, anglers who believe that the oceans are in poor health hold more favorable attitudes towards marine protected areas than do anglers who believe the oceans are relatively healthy. Recreation specialization and MPA knowledge were not found to have a moderating effect for most cognitive relationships tested. However, for highly specialized anglers, the variable measuring beliefs about the impact of recreational fishing on the marine environment was significantly correlated with attitudes towards the MPA alternative allowing only “catch and release” recreational fishing. Implications of these results for marine resource policy and management are discussed.

The role of culture in consumer behaviour and the importance of service quality delivery as a differential factor among businesses have received much interest in recent times, especially within the retail environment. With similar products being offered, service quality is seen as a critical tool to ensure customer loyalty. This implies that building customer loyalty requires understanding the cultural dimension of the consumer. On the other hand, literature reviewed shows the danger in stereotyping individuals into a national culture since sub-cultures exist especially in the case of a multicultural society as South Africa. Thus, this study aims at examining the individual cultural value orientation of retail patrons and to investigate its influence on their perception of retail service quality. To achieve the research objective a structured questionnaire was administered to retail patrons in a mall intercept. The questionnaire was structured around attitudinal questions and the Retail Service Quaity Scale. The results showed a relationship between the individual cultural value orientation and the importance of the retail service quality dimension. Although some of the findings were not what was expected; the study provides a framework by which retailers can segment their market and allocate resources. It also contributes to the knowledge base and provides a platform for further research.Copyright<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>unrestricted

Avitourism (birding) in South Africa, with remarkable birdlife, provides economic, social and conservation opportunities. Globally, bird species are decreasing rapidly due to environmental degradation and climate change. The dependence of avitourism on natural resources is undisputable, urging further research. Avitourism research is embryonic compared to higher-order tourism markets (i.e. naturebased) and under-researched in the southern hemisphere. Despite increased international scholarship, substantial knowledge gaps remain regarding strategies to enhance sustainable avitourism. Education, encouraging changes in environmental behaviour, is essential to solve environmental problems. The current day learners influence the future state of the natural environment and consequently the sustainability of avitourism in South Africa. The research therefore aimed to develop a literacy model for sustainable avitourism aimed at secondary school learners in Gauteng (South Africa). In phase 1 of the methodological procedure, mechanisms facilitating behavioural change towards nature were explored. A conceptual literacy framework for sustainable avitourism was developed in phase 2 (theoretical contribution). Phase 3, consisted empirical research. Multi-stage sampling was used to collect primary data by distributing questionnaires at 17 purposively selected secondary schools in Gauteng from July to October 2014. The data were obtained from n = 5 488 secondary school learners (aged 13–17). Descriptive statistics provided insight into ‘environmental and avitourism literacy’ of the learners. Exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA; CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to test the conceptual literacy framework. Obtaining the primary objective, a literacy model for sustainable avitourism was developed and confirmed (empirical contribution). Critical paths were identified in the model to enhance the likelihood of behavioural change. The literacy model could be useful for environmental education and avitourism roleplayers, assisting in curriculum development and evaluation (practical contribution). This model could also be applied to other educational contexts, including art and music. Bird education teaches a love for birds and nature, leading to conservation and sustained birdlife, to ensure avitourism attractions in the future. The development of sustainable avitourism intervention programmes is suggested for further research. Longitudinal research could evaluate the effects of the intervention programmes.Ultimately, the learners of today are the responsible citizens and tourists of tomorrow.<br>Abstract in English, Sesotho and Afrikaans<br>Transport, Logistics and Tourism<br>D.Phil. (Management Studies)