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Journal articles on the topic 'EPC network'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

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Diallo, Mamadou Sadigou, Janvier Fotsing, Kadiatou Aissatou Barry, Emmanuel Tonye, Mamadou Sanoussy Camara, and Amadou Oury Bah. "Design and Production of an EPC Core Network Sizing Tool “The Case of Orange-Guinea." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 25, no. 11 (2023): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i111033.

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With the arrival of 3G and 4G technologies, telecommunications networks have undergone a major expansion. These networks have enabled the integration of new services and adequate bandwidth, enabling operators to meet growing user demand. This rapid evolution has led operators to adapt their methods to new technologies, which increase network complexity. This complexity becomes even greater when these networks combine several different access technologies into a heterogeneous network, as in the case of 4G networks. In such cases, sizing involves new challenges such as: the considerable increase in service demands, compatibility with current networks, managing users' intercellular mobility and offering better quality of service. The solution proposed to meet these new requirements is the dimensioning of the EPC core network. The main aim of this project is to design and produce a computerized tool for sizing the EPC. The objectives of our work are in threefold : - to provide an architecture for interconnecting the EPC core network to the existing core network ; - to provide the methodology and process for sizing the core network of an EPS network; - design and implement an EPC core network dimensioning tool. In our work, traffic models are used to calculate the traffic generated by each technology to be connected to the core network. The resulting application, developed as part of our work, calculates the traffic and estimates the capacity of EPC network's core MME.

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Pasarelski, Rosen, and Krasen Angelov. "Interaction between the 4G - EPC core and the 5G RAN." Yearbook Telecommunications 10 (June 30, 2024): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ytelecomm.23.10.6.

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The Radio Access Network - 5G RAN is designed to work seamlessly with the existing 4G EPC network infrastructure. This enables a smooth transition from fourth 4G to fifth generation 5G mobile systems, both for operators and end users. The radio access network - 5G RAN uses a new core network architecture - 5GC, which is designed to be more flexible and scalable than the previous EPC architecture. The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the methods of interaction between the EPC core of 4G networks and the 5G system core. To explore interfaces and interconnection protocols with an emphasis on roaming and non-roaming architectural models. To discuss the interaction between the 5GC core network and the E-UTRAN radio network associated with the EPC in terms of achieving this goal through non-3GPP access. Analysis of the methods of interaction between the EPC core of 4G networks and the 5GС, the study of interfaces and interaction protocols in different operating environments can be noted as contributions to the development of the article.

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León-Martínez, Vicente, Joaquín Montañana-Romeu, Elisa Peñalvo-López, Manuel A. Graña-López, and Ivan Valencia-Salazar. "Evaluation of Sinusoidal Distribution Networks Using the EPC Simulation Software." Buildings 13, no. 3 (2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030716.

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The electric power calculator (EPC) software, for the simulation and analysis of electrical networks at the industrial frequency, is described in this article, including its source code and operational diagram. Compared to well-known commercial software, EPC directly provides the values of the voltages, currents, and powers in each subsystem. The voltages and currents are calculated, in phasor notation, applying Kirchhoff’s laws, while the powers are obtained through the components of the apparent power vector. In this paper, the EPC software could be applied to three-phase networks made up of a distribution transformer and two three-phase wye-configured loads. The correctness of the results of the EPC software was verified by comparison with those obtained using the Multisim commercial software and with the measurements recorded by the Fluke 435 analyzer in a real distribution network of residential buildings. The values of the voltages and currents provided by the EPC were the same as those measured by the Fluke, and the differences observed using Multisim were less than 0.6%. Consequently, the EPC software is an excellent complement for power analyzers, because it is capable of providing measurements in all the network subsystems at the same time, using a single analyzer.

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Nam, Tae-Woo, and Keun-Hyuk Yeom. "Framework for Supporting Business Services based on the EPC Network." KIPS Transactions:PartD 17D, no. 3 (2010): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2010.17d.3.193.

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Li, Zhongwen, Qian Li, Zhibin Xu, Hai Jiang, and Kuan Ching Li. "A secured transmission model for EPC network." International Journal of Embedded Systems 7, no. 3/4 (2015): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2015.072375.

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Jin, Cheng, and Sung Ho Cho. "Robust digital receiver for EPC sensor network." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 24, no. 1 (2013): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsee.2013.00006.

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Arjona, Laura, Hugo Landaluce, Asier Perallos, and Gentza Souto. "Protocol for Streaming Data from an RFID Sensor Network." Proceedings 2, no. 19 (2018): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2191234.

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Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags which incorporate passive or battery-less sensors. These systems are known as computational RFID (CRFID). Several CRFID tags together with a reader set up an RFID sensor network. The reader powers up the tags’ microcontroller and their attached sensor using radio frequency waves, and tags backscatter, not only their E P C code but also the value of those sensors. The current standard for interrogating these CRFID tags is the EPC global Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2). When several tags are located inside the reader interrogation area, the EPC C1G2 results in very poor performance to obtain sensor data values. To solve this problem, a novel protocol for streaming sensor data is presented. The proposed protocol increases the Sensor Read Rate ( S R R ), defined as the number of sensor data reads per second, compared to the standard. Additionally, this paper presents a prototype of an RFID sensor network to compare the proposed custom protocol with the standard, obtaining a 53% of improvement in S R R with respect to the EPC C1G2.

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Souto, Gentza, Florian Muralter, Laura Arjona, Hugo Landaluce, and Asier Perallos. "Protocol for Streaming Data from an RFID Sensor Network †." Sensors 19, no. 14 (2019): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143148.

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Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags which incorporate passive or battery-less sensors. These systems are known as computational RFID (CRFID). Several CRFID tags together with a reader set up an RFID sensor network. The reader powers up the tags’ microcontroller and their attached sensor using radio frequency waves, and tags backscatter, not only their EPC code but also the value of those sensors. The current standard for interrogating these CRFID tags is the EPC global Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2). When several tags are located inside the reader interrogation area, the EPC C1G2 results in very poor performance to obtain sensor data values. To solve this problem, a novel protocol called Sensor Frmed Slotted Aloha (sFSA) for streaming sensor data dealing with the tag collisions is presented. The proposed protocol increases the Sensor Read Rate (SRR), defined as the number of sensor data reads per second, compared to the standard. Additionally, this paper presents a prototype of an RFID sensor network to compare the proposed sFSA with the standard, increasing the SRR by more than five times on average. Additionally, the proposed protocol keeps a constant sensor sampling frequency for a suitable streaming of these tag sensors.

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Han, Xiaokang, Wenzhou Yan, and Mei Lu. "Research on the coordination mechanism of major industrial project engineering and construction multi-agents based on structural holes theory." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255858.

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Industry is an important pillar of the national economy. Industrial projects are the most complex and difficult projects to control in the construction industry, and major industrial projects are even more complex and difficult to control. Multi-agent coordination is one of the core issues of industrial projects. Based on an analysis of the engineering and construction chains and agent relationships and agent networks of industrial projects, a complex network of the engineering and construction agents of industrial projects is established, and the complex network structural holes theory is applied to study the nonrepeated relationships among agents in industrial projects. Assuming agents are linked through contract relations and the most critical contract index between the agents in the contract amount, through structural hole analysis considering the EPC and PMC model, the aggregate constraint list is obtained, 2D network diagram and 3D network diagram are shown. According to the aggregate constraint value, the EPC contractor with the minimum aggregate constraint value and the project management company with the minimum aggregate constraint value are the critical agent in EPC and PMC model. By analyzing the complex network comprising different models of industrial projects, it is concluded that the characteristics of the agent maintain an advantage in competition, the coordination mechanism of the integration of agent interests, and multi-agent relations are considered to solve the multi-agent coordination problem in major industrial projects.

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Fan, Zilu, Yuming Liu, and Yaxin Li. "Research on Collaborative Mechanisms of Railway EPC Project Design and Construction from the Perspective of Social Network Analysis." Systems 11, no. 9 (2023): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11090443.

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With the promotion of Engineering Procurement Construction mode in railway construction projects, collaborative management between design and construction has faced increasing challenges due to complexities of the participants and the various professional fields involved in railway EPC projects. This paper aims to analyze the issues present in the collaborative management of railway EPC project design and construction. Utilizing the social network analysis methodology combined with the Wuli–Shili–Renli (WSR) system methodology, a network model was established to explore relationships between design and construction management. This study investigates network-influencing factors and proposes targeted measures to enhance project management efficiency. The findings indicate that coordination and communication mechanisms, organization building, interface management systems and design management systems represent core network elements that significantly impact railway EPC collaborative management. These elements are closely related to other network factors. The research not only advances design and construction coordination theory, but it also introduces new ideas for engineering practice.

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Martínez, Ricardo, Arturo Mayoral, Ricardo Vilalta, et al. "Integrated SDN/NFV Orchestration for the Dynamic Deployment of Mobile Virtual Backhaul Networks over a Multi-layer (Packet/Optical) Aggregation Infrastructure [Invited]." Optical Communications and Networks 9, no. 2 (2017): A135 — A142. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.00A135.

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Future 5G networks will bring important challenges to network operators, such as the traffic load increase mainly due to the proliferation of mobile broadband communications. This will force mobile network operators (MNOs) redesigning and investing in their infrastructures [e.g., new equipment for radio access network (RAN), backhaul] to cope with such data growth. Aiming at lowering both capital expenditures and operational expenditures, current networking trends on network virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and network function virtualization (NFV) provide an appealing scenario to flexibly deal with the increase in traffic for MNOs without overdimensioning the deployed network resources. To this end, we rely on an implemented SDN/NFV orchestrator that automatically serves MNO capacity requests by computing and allocating virtual backhaul tenants. Such backhaul tenants are built over a common physical aggregation network, formed by heterogeneous technologies (e.g., packet and optical) that may be owned by different infrastructure providers. MNO RAN traffic is transported toward a mobile core network [i.e., evolved packet core (EPC)], where required backhaul resources are tailored to the capacity needs. The EPC functions are virtualized within the cloud (vEPC), leveraging the NFV advantages. This increases MNO flexibility where cloud resources are instantiated according to EPC needs. The goal of the SDN/NFV orchestrator is to jointly allocate both network and cloud resources, deploying virtual backhaul tenants and vEPC instances for a number of MNOs with different service and capacity requirements. Each MNO’s backhaul is isolated and controlled independently via a virtualized SDN (vSDN) controller deployed in the cloud. The SDN/NFV orchestrator architecture is detailed and experimentally validated in a setup provided by the Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya and ADVA Optical Networking. Specifically, upon an MNO request, the orchestrator instantiates the vEPC and vSDN functions in the cloud and then composes the MNO’s backhaul tenant over a multilayer (packet and optical) aggregation network.

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Sarría-Santamera, Antonio, David B. Matchar, Emma V. Westermann-Clark, and Meenal B. Patwardhan. "Evidence-Based Practice Center network and health technology assessment in the United States: Bridging the cultural gap." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 1 (2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306050811.

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to identify the Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC) network participants' perceptions of the characteristics of the EPC process and the relationship of the process to the success of EPC reports.Methods:Semistructured interviews were conducted with the three groups involved in the EPC: EPC staff, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) staff, and representatives of partner organizations.Results:The analysis of the coded transcripts revealed three related major themes, which form the conceptual basis for the interpretation presented here: the definition of a successful report, the determinants of a successful report, and the role of AHRQ in the process.Conclusions:A successful report is a report that is used. The ultimate success of the core health technology assessment objective, moving from research to policy, depends on balancing two values: excellence and relevance. Our findings are consistent with the “two communities thesis,” which postulates the existence of two camps that confer different values to excellence and relevance, with resulting tension. A promising model for approaching this tension is integration or collaboration, which requires linking researchers and policy makers, promoting productive dialogues about the formulation and timing of analysis, and early consideration of how the resulting analysis will be used. This effort suggests that actively blurring the frontiers between these two groups will enhance their interaction. Furthermore, enhancing the role of the AHRQ as scientific broker will maximize the potential of the EPC network.

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Cai, Yigang, and Xiang Yang Li. "Online charging in the roaming EPC/LTE network." Bell Labs Technical Journal 15, no. 1 (2010): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20428.

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Shao, Yuehjen E. "Recognition of Process Disturbances for an SPC/EPC Stochastic System Using Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Approaches." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/519705.

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Because of the excellent performance on monitoring and controlling an autocorrelated process, the integration of statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Both theoretical and empirical findings have suggested that the integration of SPC and EPC can be an effective way to improve the quality of a process, especially when the underlying process is autocorrelated. However, because EPC compensates for the effects of underlying disturbances, the disturbance patterns are embedded and hard to be recognized. Effective recognition of disturbance patterns is a very important issue for process improvement since disturbance patterns would be associated with certain assignable causes which affect the process. In practical situations, after compensating by EPC, the underlying disturbance patterns could be of any mixture types which are totally different from the original patterns. This study proposes the integration of support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches to recognize the disturbance patterns of the underlying disturbances. Experimental results revealed that the proposed schemes are able to effectively recognize various disturbance patterns of an SPC/EPC system.

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Pulito-Cueto, Verónica, Sara Remuzgo-Martínez, Fernanda Genre, et al. "Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Relevant Players in the Vasculopathy and Lung Fibrosis Associated with the Presence of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis Patients." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070847.

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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), which are key effectors in the physiologic vascular network, have been described as relevant players in autoimmune diseases. We previously showed that EPC frequency may help to identify the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Given that ILD constitutes the main cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, we aimed to determine the EPC contribution to the pathogenic processes of vasculopathy and lung fibrosis in SSc-ILD+. EPC quantification was performed by flow cytometry on blood from 83 individuals: 21 SSc-ILD+ patients and subjects from comparative groups (20 SSc-ILD− and 21 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and 21 healthy controls (HC)). EPC were considered as CD34+, CD45low, CD309+, and CD133+. A significant increase in EPC frequency was found in SSc-ILD+ patients when compared to HC (p < 0.001). SSc-ILD+ patients exhibited a higher EPC frequency than SSc-ILD− patients (p = 0.012), whereas it was markedly reduced compared to IPF patients (p < 0.001). EPC frequency was higher in males (p = 0.04) and negatively correlated to SSc duration (p = 0.04) in SSc-ILD+ patients. Our results indicate a role of EPC in the processes of vasculopathy and lung fibrosis in SSc-ILD+. EPC frequency may be considered as a biomarker of ILD in SSc patients.

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Xie, Xin, Ying Wu, and Hong Lei Chen. "Research and Development on Secure System of EPC Internet of Things Based on RFID and WSN." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.220.

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Electronic Product Code (EPC) system and Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) play an important role in the Internet of things. We analyze the security threats which exist in the communication channel among RFID components, for this reason, an encryption mechanism which is added into it. And, hundreds of sensor nodes can form one Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) successfully, which, to a large extent, owes to the special node architecture. This paper proposes a secure EPC system model to ensure the security of the whole EPC system by implanting the components of RFID into WSN nodes.

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Ramos-Martinez, Moises, Felipe D. J. Sorcia-Vázquez, Gerardo Ortiz-Torres, et al. "Sleep Apnea Classification Using the Mean Euler–Poincaré Characteristic and AI Techniques." Algorithms 17, no. 11 (2024): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a17110527.

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Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that disrupts breathing during sleep. This study aims to classify sleep apnea using a machine learning approach and a Euler–Poincaré characteristic (EPC) model derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. An ensemble K-nearest neighbors classifier and a feedforward neural network were implemented using the EPC model as inputs. ECG signals were preprocessed with a polynomial-based scheme to reduce noise, and the processed signals were transformed into a non-Gaussian physiological random field (NGPRF) for EPC model extraction from excursion sets. The classifiers were then applied to the EPC model inputs. Using the Apnea-ECG dataset, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 98.5%, sensitivity of 94.5%, and specificity of 100%. Combining machine learning methods and geometrical features can effectively diagnose sleep apnea from single-lead ECG signals. The EPC model enhances clinical decision-making for evaluating this disease.

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Blatchley, Michael R., Franklyn Hall, Songnan Wang, Hawley C. Pruitt, and Sharon Gerecht. "Hypoxia and matrix viscoelasticity sequentially regulate endothelial progenitor cluster-based vasculogenesis." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (2019): eaau7518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7518.

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Vascular morphogenesis is the formation of endothelial lumenized networks. Cluster-based vasculogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been observed in animal models, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, using O2-controllabe hydrogels, we unveil the mechanism by which hypoxia, co-jointly with matrix viscoelasticity, induces EPC vasculogenesis. When EPCs are subjected to a 3D hypoxic gradient ranging from <2 to 5%, they rapidly produce reactive oxygen species that up-regulate proteases, most notably MMP-1, which degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix. EPC clusters form and expand as the matrix degrades. Cell-cell interactions, including those mediated by VE-cadherin, integrin-β2, and ICAM-1, stabilize the clusters. Subsequently, EPC sprouting into the stiffer, intact matrix leads to vascular network formation. In vivo examination further corroborated hypoxia-driven clustering of EPCs. Overall, this is the first description of how hypoxia mediates cluster-based vasculogenesis, advancing our understanding toward regulating vascular development as well as postnatal vasculogenesis in regeneration and tumorigenesis.

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Wamba, Samuel Fosso, and Harold Boeck. "Enhancing Information Flow in a Retail Supply Chain Using RFID and the EPC Network: A Proof-of-Concept Approach." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 3, no. 1 (2008): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer3010010.

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RFID technology and the Electronic Product Code (EPC) network have attracted considerable interest from businesses and academics in recent years. The interest is even stronger in the retail industry where firms such as Best Buy, Wal-Mart, Tesco, Target and Metro AG are capitalizing on the potential of these technologies. Based on a field study conducted in a three-layer retail supply chain, this paper tests several scenarios integrating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and the EPC network and evaluates, in a laboratory setting, their potential as enablers of information flow within a retail supply chain. Using an “openloop” adoption strategy, our preliminary results indicate that RFID technology and the EPC network (i) hold some potential that can be grasped through Business Process Management (BPM), (ii) enable the synchronization of information flow with product flow in a given supply chain, and thus, (iii) provide a better level of information integration between supply chain members. The results suggest that these “new waves” of information technology (IT) could in fact provide end-to-end information flow between supply chain members.

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Xiaopu Shang, Runtong Zhang, Donghua Chen, and Ying Chen. "Agent-based EPC-RFID Network for Smart Awareness System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 3, no. 6 (2011): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol3.issue6.44.

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Kwok, S. K., S. L. Ting, Albert H. C. Tsang, and C. F. Cheung. "A counterfeit network analyzer based on RFID and EPC." Industrial Management & Data Systems 110, no. 7 (2010): 1018–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635571011069086.

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Han, ShuiHua, Chao-Hsien Chu, and Zongwei Luo. "Tamper Detection in the EPC Network Using Digital Watermarking." IEEE Security & Privacy 9, no. 5 (2011): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2011.71.

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Putra, Gilang Almaghribi Sarkara, and Rendra Agus Triyono. "Neural network method for control valve cost estimation on the EPC project bidding." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902004.

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Cost estimation on the bidding phase is a crucial stage that determines the success of the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) project. If the cost offered to the client is too high then it could not compete with the other bidder, but if the cost offered are too low it can reduce profit margins and result in losses for the EPC companies. This paper describe the use of Back Propagation Neural Network method to help determine cost estimation. This method is applied specifically to determine control valve cost estimation on the bidding phase so that the retrieved costs will be accurate. When there is no technical and price quotation from vendors as well as the narrowness of the bidding processing time, this method can be an alternative choice to determine the price based on previous vendor quotation. In the future, this method could be developed and applied for other instrumentation equipment such as transmitter, switch, analyzer, control system and others to achieve total cost estimation of instrumentation equipment in EPC bidding proposal.

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Leiter, Ákos, and László Bokor. "A Flow-Based and Operator-Centric Dynamic Mobility Management Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (April 14, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4567317.

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The continuous increase of mobile data traffic volume creates new challenges for telecommunication network operators. As a possible solution, many traffic offloading techniques have been proposed. In parallel, there is a trend to handle all the access techniques under the umbrella of IP, including non-3GPP networks (e.g., Wi-Fi), mainly with the help of IPv6. In this paper we provide a new architectural proposal in Evolved Packet Core (EPC) described as flow-based and operator-centric dynamic mobility management with Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). This new approach is supported by current EPC entities including Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF), and Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) and by defining a novel communication scheme between them. The proposal was evaluated in a virtual testbed environment, and measurements based simulations were carried out where the solution showed significant benefits by enhancing operator flexibility, increasing user experience, and decreasing signaling overhead due to its highly dynamic operation and optimized flow-level behavior.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., Po-Yu Chang, and Chi-Jie Lu. "Applying Two-Stage Neural Network Based Classifiers to the Identification of Mixture Control Chart Patterns for an SPC-EPC Process." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2323082.

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The effective controlling and monitoring of an industrial process through the integration of statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) has been widely addressed in recent years. However, because the mixture types of disturbances are often embedded in underlying processes, mixture control chart patterns (MCCPs) are very difficult for an SPC-EPC process to identify. This can result in problems when attempting to determine the underlying root causes of process faults. Additionally, a large number of categories of disturbances may be present in a process, but typical single-stage classifiers have difficulty in identifying large numbers of categories of disturbances in an SPC-EPC process. Therefore, we propose a two-stage neural network (NN) based scheme to enhance the accurate identification rate (AIR) for MCCPs by performing dimension reduction on disturbance categories. The two-stage scheme includes a combination of a NN, support vector machine (SVM), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves a satisfactory AIR for identifying MCCPs in an SPC-EPC system.

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Tsai, Chun-Hao, Shan-Chi Liu, Wen-Hui Chung, Shih-Wei Wang, Min-Huan Wu, and Chih-Hsin Tang. "Visfatin Increases VEGF-Dependent Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells during Osteoarthritis Progression." Cells 9, no. 5 (2020): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051315.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) pannus contains a network of neovascularization that is formed and maintained by angiogenesis, which is promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in VEGF-induced vessel formation in OA. The adipokine visfatin stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines during OA progression. In this study, we found significantly higher visfatin and VEGF serum concentrations in patients with OA compared with healthy controls. We describe how visfatin enhanced VEGF expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) and facilitated EPC migration and tube formation. Treatment of OASFs with PI3K and Akt inhibitors or siRNAs attenuated the effects of visfatin on VEGF synthesis and EPC angiogenesis. We also describe how miR-485-5p negatively regulated visfatin-induced promotion of VEGF expression and EPC angiogenesis. In our OA rat model, visfatin shRNA was capable of inhibiting visfatin and rescuing EPC angiogenesis and pathologic changes. We detail how visfatin affected VEGF expression and EPC angiogenesis in OASFs by inhibiting miR-485-5p synthesis through the PI3K and Akt signaling pathways.

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Emmanuel, Tonye, Deussom Djomadji Eric Michel, and Ebai Oben Brolynes Agbor. "Virtualization of a 4G Evolved Packet Core Network Using Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Technology with NS3 for Enterprise and Educational Purpose." American Journal of Networks and Communications 13, no. 1 (2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20241301.11.

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The current networks of many operators dispose an increasing variety of purpose built, vertically integrated, and vendor-locked hardware equipment. This makes it difficult to easily scale their radio access and core networks as it requires yet another variety of equipment, leading to increased Time-to-Market and inefficient resource utilization. Furthermore, network equipment are expensive to procure and upgrade (increased CAPEX), and are difficult to adapt and program for new services (increased OPEX). These trends have recently spurred several efforts to redesign various components of mobile networks, notably the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC). With regards to this, the present work proposes a solution based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV), which can be deployed for educational or enterprises purpose like in Data Centers, or network nodes with a fine-grained QoS, while maintaining the scalability of the virtualized network function entities, and optimum resource utilization. The actual work develops a mobile network simulation module centered on the 4G Core network comprising its major components; MME, SGW, and PGW (vEPC), as well as the networking amongst these entities, core network related aspects such as its interaction with the Enhanced Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and the Packet Data Network Services (Internet). This solution gives to core network engineers and EPC network agents the possibility to design, analyze and test variable types of network scenarios. The solution can be also integrated in engineering schools and college for labs’ practical work or to any e-laboratory initiative to allow students in virtual environment to analyze signaling, modify the network configuration and better understand some theoretical concepts taught during the courses. The results obtained from the present work can be of great help during the final deployment phase of the network for full production for engineers of carriers’ network or improve the engineering understanding of core network in academic domain. In this light, the network can easily be scaled, adjust virtually for the time to commercialize a service reduced for carrier or enterprises’ solutions or for testing in e-laboratories.

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Kim, Dae-Hee, Joong-Soo Chung, Hyu-Chan Kim, Kwang-Wook Jung, and Seog-Gyu Kim. "Implementation of a System for RFID Education to be based on an EPC global Network Standard." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 9, no. 11 (2009): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2009.9.11.090.

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Wang, Jianwang, Lan Luo, Rina Sa, Wei Zhou, and Zihan Yu. "A Quantitative Analysis of Decision-Making Risk Factors for Mega Infrastructure Projects in China." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (2023): 15301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115301.

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The “trillion-dollar era” of megaprojects has increased the demand for the scope of mega infrastructure. To address the requirement for high-quality “investment, construction, and operation” integration, the EPC and PPP models must be combined. The complexity of megaprojects has resulted in the complexity of project risk variables under the new model. However, few existing studies have undertaken in-depth studies on the risk of EPC + PPP megaprojects. The interplay and dynamic evolution of risk factors, in particular, have not been taken into account. This research intends to fill this gap by systematically identifying and modeling the risk variables associated with the adoption of the EPC + PPP model for mega infrastructure projects. In this study, the Bayesian network is used to detect decision-making risk variables for large infrastructure projects in China. The findings indicate that (i) 22 influencing factors of megaproject decision making are identified, including organizational decision making, PPP investment and financing, EPC construction, operations management, and policy and law. (ii) Considering the real project decision-making process, a model based on a dynamic Bayesian network is built, and associated governance techniques and early warning protection mechanisms are designed for the decision-making process. (iii) Using the Yiwu Mall Avenue project as an example, the Bayesian simulation model of decision-making risks is applied to a typical case to validate its feasibility and correctness. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for research on the identification and governance of decision-making risks in megaprojects using the EPC + PPP model in China.

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Huang, Jiaxin, and Shui Ming Li. "Adaptive Strategies and Sustainable Innovations of Chinese Contractors in the Belt and Road Initiative: A Social Network and Supply Chain Integration Perspective." Sustainability 16, no. 20 (2024): 8927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16208927.

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As global economic integration and rapid technological advancements transform international business, international engineering contracting has become essential for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper investigates the significant impact of China’s strategic initiatives, notably the “Going Global” strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), on the operational practices of Chinese enterprises involved in overseas investments. Central to this transformation is the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model, which emphasizes the integration of supply chain management and stakeholder collaboration to enhance performance in international EPC projects and underscores the crucial role of these elements in promoting sustainability. Incorporating insights from social network data analysis, this study reveals that contractors collaborating with various stakeholders—such as owners/consulting engineers, domestic and foreign customs departments, and group headquarters/design parties—exhibit a high degree of similarity in personnel profiles. This suggests that the internal organizational structure and personnel allocation of contractors could be optimized to enhance operational efficiency, aligning with the collaborative patterns identified. This study addresses a critical research gap by exploring how effective supply chain management and collaborative stakeholder engagement within multinational EPC projects contribute to sustainable outcomes. Employing advanced social network analysis software, the research examines the complex interactions among stakeholders and their influence on procurement dynamics. Findings indicate that strong relational networks and strategic collaborations significantly enhance procurement efficiency and project success, underscoring the importance of supply chain integration. Ultimately, integrating supply chain management principles into the EPC model not only offers innovative perspectives for advancing sustainability in international projects but also provides actionable insights for improving project outcomes within the BRI framework. This research underscores the pivotal role of supply chain organization and stakeholder cooperation in achieving sustainability objectives, thereby enriching the discourse on sustainable enterprise operation and supply chain management in the context of global initiatives.

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Yan, Xiaoqing, Yue Su, Xia Fan, et al. "Liraglutide Improves the Angiogenic Capability of EPC and Promotes Ischemic Angiogenesis in Mice under Diabetic Conditions through an Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism." Cells 11, no. 23 (2022): 3821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11233821.

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The impairment in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions results in dysregulation of vascular homeostasis and dysfunction of the endothelium under diabetic conditions. Improving EPC function has been considered as a promising strategy for ameliorating diabetic vascular complications. Liraglutide has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. However, the effects and mechanisms of liraglutide on EPC dysfunction remain unclear. The capability of liraglutide in promoting blood perfusion and angiogenesis under diabetic conditions was evaluated in the hind limb ischemia model of diabetic mice. The effect of liraglutide on the angiogenic function of EPC was evaluated by cell scratch recovery assay, tube formation assay, and nitric oxide production. RNA sequencing was performed to assess the underlying mechanisms. Liraglutide enhanced blood perfusion and angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb of db/db mice and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, liraglutide improved tube formation, cell migration, and nitric oxide production of high glucose (HG)-treated EPC. Assessment of liraglutide target pathways revealed a network of genes involved in antioxidant activity. Further mechanism study showed that liraglutide decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and increased the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 deficiency attenuated the beneficial effects of liraglutide on improving EPC function and promoting ischemic angiogenesis under diabetic conditions. Moreover, liraglutide activates Nrf2 through an AKT/GSK3β/Fyn pathway, and inhibiting this pathway abolished liraglutide-induced Nrf2 activation and EPC function improvement. Overall, these results suggest that Liraglutide represents therapeutic potential in promoting EPC function and ameliorating ischemic angiogenesis under diabetic conditions, and these beneficial effects relied on Nrf2 activation.

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Valipour, Alireza, Hadi Sarvari, Yahaya Nordin, Md Noor Norhazilan, and Seyed Meysam Khoshnava. "Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.654.

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Risk allocation is the most significant factor in risk management. Earlier research has shown that risk allocation is essential to achieve success in construction projects. Risk allocation may fail to be achieved due to lack of a mechanism for joint risk management. Successful optimal risk allocation requires one to identify and evaluate the risk allocation criteria, which interact and overlap with each other and can lead to significant variation in the decision outcome in risk allocation. This study aims to allocate the risks in EPC projects using the analytic network process (ANP) method. The ANP approach is preferable in identifying the problems of interdependence and feedback among various criteria factors. The method utilizes data that are collected through a literature review, interviews, and a questionnaire distributed to EPC project experts. The results have shown that 12 risks are allocated to the developer, 9 risks are shared between developer and contractor, and 12 risks are allocated to the contractor. In conclusion, ANP is found to be suitable in analyzing the feedback and interdependencies among risk allocation criteria.

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Dykxhoorn, Derek M., Andrea Da Fonseca Ferreira, Karenn Gomez, et al. "MicroRNA-29c-3p and -126a Contribute to the Decreased Angiogenic Potential of Aging Endothelial Progenitor Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (2025): 4259. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094259.

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EPCs play important roles in the maintenance of vascular repair and health. Aging is associated with both reduced numbers and functional impairment of EPCs, leading to diminished angiogenic capacity, impaired cardiac repair, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The molecular mechanisms that govern EPC function in cardiovascular health are not fully understood, but there is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in modulating EPC functionality, endothelial homeostasis, and vascular repair. We aimed to determine how aging alters endothelial progenitor (EPC) health and functionality by altering key miRNA-mRNA pathways. To identify key miRNA-mRNA pathways contributing to diminished EPC functionality associated with aging, microRNA and mRNA profiling were conducted in EPCs from young and aged C57BL/6 mice. We identified a complex aging-associated regulatory network involving two miRNAs—miR-29c-3p and -126a—that acted in tandem to impair vascular endothelial growth factor signaling through targeting Klf2 and Spred1, respectively. The modulation of components of the miR-29c-3p–Klf2–miR-126a–Spred-1–Vegf signaling pathway altered EPC self-renewal capacity, vascular tube formation, and migration in vitro, as well as cardiac repair in vivo. The miR-29c-3p–Klf2–miR-126a–Spred1–Vegf signaling axis plays a critical role in regulating the aging-associated deficits in EPC-mediated vascular repair and CVD risk.

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Tröger, Ralph, Robert Reiche, and Gerhard Schiefer. "Benefits through Utilising EPC Network Components in Service-Oriented Environments – an Analysis Using the Example of the Food Industry." International Journal on Food System Dynamics 4, no. 4 (2013): 248–60. https://doi.org/10.18461/ijfsd.v4i4.442.

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Improvements in the food sector imply enhancements of delivering food which is safe, affordable, readily available, and of the quality and diversity consumers expect. However, prevalent information systems (IS) of companies in the food industry are not ready to support further significant improvements. They especially lack the capability to exchange relevant information in an efficient manner. Since recently, two major developments can be observed from IS perspective: the spreading of service-oriented architectures (SOA) as well as an increase in mass serialization (due to public and private traceability requirements, e.g.). So far, though most important due to food safety, a growing need to become more efficient as well as an increasing information demand of consumers, the food sector has attracted little attention in literature concerning an analysis about the potential of both service-orientation and the Electronic Product Code (EPC) Network. This is why this paper will investigate to which extent these two developments can contribute to facilitate food companies’ IS helping them to maintain their competiveness. As a starting point, the research paper will depict the state of the art including SOA and the EPC Network. After describing the research approach, it will proceed with a characterisation of the food sector including an examination why there is need for action. Based on current research findings as well as experience gathered in recent projects, the paper will investigate the application of the EPC Network with its three major components, i. e. EPCIS (EPC Information Services), ONS (Object Name Service) and the EPC Discovery Services, as part of future IS architectures in this sector. The paper will close with a discussion whether the envisioned IS architecture is appropriate to accomplish the previously identified challenges and requirements in the food sector in a more agile, efficient and effective way. What is more, it will highlight the most pressing challenges and provide an outlook as to the following steps of the research.

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Chang, Hung-Cheng, Bo-Jun Qiu, Jyh-Cheng Chen, et al. "Empirical Experience and Experimental Evaluation of Open5GCore over Hypervisor and Container." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6263153.

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One of the most important technologies for future 5G networks is to utilize Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to virtualize the network components. NFV provides flexibility, short time to market, and low cost solution to build network services, which are important features of 5G networks. Although the idea of virtualization is just being applied to cellular networks, it has been used in the community of cloud computing. There are two main virtualization techniques, hypervisor and container. In this paper, we present our practical experience of virtualizing Open5GCore, a commercial product of SDN-enabled Evolved Packet Core (EPC), over hypervisor and container. In addition to describing how to virtualize Open5GCore, we also present the experimental performance evaluation of the systems. Finally, some important lessons learned are provided.

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Thiesse, Frédéric, Christian Floerkemeier, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles, and Christof Roduner. "Technology, Standards, and Real-World Deployments of the EPC Network." IEEE Internet Computing 13, no. 2 (2009): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2009.46.

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Kim, Yong-hwan, Hyun-kyo Lim, Kyoung-han Kim, and Youn-Hee Han. "A SDN-based distributed mobility management in LTE/EPC network." Journal of Supercomputing 73, no. 7 (2016): 2919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1724-9.

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de Britto Pires, A. M., F. Lima Cruz Teixeira, H. N. Hastenreiter Filho, and S. R. Góes Oliveira. "The challenge of building effective hybrid organizations in Brazil." Journal on Chain and Network Science 13, no. 1 (2013): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2013.x223.

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Since 1996, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras, the biggest oil company in Latin America, has been supporting a programme for the design, customization, and implementation of tri-lateral collaborative arrangements called the Centres and Networks of Excellence (CNE) Programme, in areas which are critical to the company's competitiveness. This programme is aligned with the Open Innovation proposal, as it is designed to intensify the inflows and outflows of information and technology, from internal and external sources, in the RD&I activities of the participating organizations. This article presents qualitative research based on the case study of the Centre of Excellence (CE) in Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), a hybrid organization which brings together oil companies, EPC companies, universities and technical schools, government entities, professional associations and industry bodies, in an effort to make the Brazilian EPC sector related to the oil and gas industry sustainable and competitive worldwide. The principal objective was to investigate the governance elements and managerial mechanisms that support or hinder collaboration among the parties. The work included the identification of collaborative activities within the organization and aspects of trust. Qualitative data was collected by means of in-depth interviews with staff and executive members of the CE-EPC. The case study highlighted the potential of the method to help set up hybrid collaborative initiatives among parties from different institutional spheres. However, the research identified some barriers to the full accomplishment of CNE. A weak culture of collaboration was the greatest difficulty found in the CE-EPC case. The lack of positive previous cooperation experiences together with a lifelong practice of market relations make it hard to get members to focus attention on a new work logic. Yet, despite the high asymmetry among members and the weak network culture, the results indicate that the CE-EPC has accomplished significant positive results in twenty months of operation and that its internal environment is supportive and favours the improvement and consolidation of the organization.

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Patwardhan, Meenal B., Antonio Sarría-Santamera, and David B. Matchar. "Improving the process of developing technical reports for health care decision-makers: Using the Theory of Constraints in the Evidence-Based Practice Centers." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 1 (2006): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646230605080x.

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Objectives:To apply the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) process.Methods:Participants in the EPC process were interviewed, and the technical contracting literature was reviewed. Undesirable effects (UDEs) that might occur in the EPC process were identified and, in a TOC Current Reality Tree (CRT), a fundamental UDE was selected and tracked back to potential root causes, focusing on the core “constraint.” The resulting draft CRT was presented at an EPC directors' meeting and finalized. From possible solutions obtained from interviews and literature, a Future Reality Tree (FRT) was constructed.Results:Three UDEs were identified and thata report is not usedwas deemed fundamentally undesirable. Nine root causes were identified, and using the CRT, a core constraint emerged:EPC partner does not know how to conceptualize and articulate needs, objectives, and specifications. Two change strategies (“injections”) appeared to address the core constraint:establish an ongoing relationship between partners, EPC, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality early in the process, anduse a changes clause; in a FRT the injections lead to the positive outcome—the production of a successful EPCreport that meets partner needsand, therefore,will be used.Conclusions:As with any complex enterprise, the EPC needs to engage in self-reflection and active improvement to maximize its value. The development of technical reports intended to inform decision making represents a complicated area, involving a network of interrelated processes. Using the TOC permitted us to understand process failures; results serve as a guide to improvement.

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Rao, Varshanth R., Md Ibrahim Khalil, Haoda Li, Peng Dai, and Juwei Lu. "Decompose the Sounds and Pixels, Recompose the Events." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 2 (2022): 2144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i2.20111.

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In this paper, we propose a framework centering around a novel architecture called the Event Decomposition Recomposition Network (EDRNet) to tackle the Audio-Visual Event (AVE) localization problem in the supervised and weakly supervised settings. AVEs in the real world exhibit common unraveling patterns (termed as Event Progress Checkpoints(EPC)), which humans can perceive through the cooperation of their auditory and visual senses. Unlike earlier methods which attempt to recognize entire event sequences, the EDRNet models EPCs and inter-EPC relationships using stacked temporal convolutions. Based on the postulation that EPC representations are theoretically consistent for an event category, we introduce the State Machine Based Video Fusion, a novel augmentation technique that blends source videos using different EPC template sequences. Additionally, we design a new loss function called the Land-Shore-Sea loss to compactify continuous foreground and background representations. Lastly, to alleviate the issue of confusing events during weak supervision, we propose a prediction stabilization method called Bag to Instance Label Correction. Experiments on the AVE dataset show that our collective framework outperforms the state-of-the-art by a sizable margin.

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Kim, Jinsuk, and Yongtae Shin. "Implementation of EPCIS Capturing Application for Finished Goods Trace History in EPC Network." Journal of Internet Computing and Services 16, no. 2 (2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7472/jksii.2015.16.2.19.

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Woo, Sang, Mi Song, Meeyoung Lee, et al. "Effect of Early Management on Pain and Depression in Patients with Pancreatobiliary Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Cancers 11, no. 1 (2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010079.

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Background: The present study assessed whether early palliative care (EPC) targeting pain and depression and automated symptom monitoring could improve symptoms in patients with advanced pancreatobiliary cancer. Methods: Patients diagnosed with pathologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic or biliary tract cancer who had cancer-related pain (brief pain inventory (BPI) worst pain score >3) and/or depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (CES-D) >16) were randomized within 8 weeks after diagnosis to receive EPC or on-demand palliative care (n = 144 each). EPC included (1) nursing assessment of pain and depression, (2) pain control based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, (3) depression control by psychoeducation and/or consultation with a psychiatric specialist, and (4) patient education. The primary end points were ≥50% reductions from baseline to week 4 in pain and depression scores. Results: The proportion of patients in the EPC and usual care groups with ≥50% reductions in pain (29.5% vs. 25.2%; p = 0.4194) and depression (30.8% vs. 36.8%; p = 0.5732) scores from baseline to week 4 did not differ significantly. The proportion of patients with BPI worst pain score ≤3 was significantly higher (51.1% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.0404) and the reduction in pain intensity score significantly greater (1.5 vs. 1.0 points, p = 0.0318) in the EPC than in the usual care group. At 4 weeks, patients in the EPC group reported significant increases in global health status, role of functioning, nausea and vomiting, and pain scores on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) general questionnaire. Conclusions: Although the primary outcome was not met, this trial indicates that EPC may improve early pain relief in patients with advanced pancreatobiliary cancers.

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Li, Hong Sheng, Guang Rong Bian, and Ning Hui He. "Network Design and Implementation of Intelligent Warehouse Based on EPC/RFID and WSN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.338.

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The establishment of intelligent warehouse improves the efficiency of the items storage and realizes the localization and tracking of the various elements of the warehouse. Users can dynamically monitor the location and whereabouts of material, operating machinery and vehicles in warehouse by intelligent terminal. The overall architecture of the intelligent warehouse is built on the Internet and the Internet of Things.With the use of RFID technology, the wireless sensor network technology, the short-range wireless communication technology and automatic identification technology to locate and track the various elements of the warehouse for making warehouse management automatic, intelligent and accurate. The paper first analyzes the basic architecture of the intelligent warehouse system and designs the network architecture of the intelligent warehouse. It also compares the real-time location tracking system based on the RFID with the one based on wireless sensor networks. Therefore it can develop improved method of intelligent location tracking system and apply 8421 coding techniques in the localization and tracking of the intelligent warehouse so as to obtain a satisfactory effect of static and dynamic positioning.

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Sun, Yan, Tin-Yu Wu, Xiaoqiong Ma, and Han-Chieh Chao. "Modeling and verifying EPC network intrusion system based on timed automata." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 24 (December 2015): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2015.06.007.

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Nam, Taewoo, and Keunhyuk Yeom. "Business-aware framework for supporting RFID-enabled applications in EPC Network." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 34, no. 3 (2011): 958–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2010.04.021.

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Shin, Myeong-Sook, Seong-Pyo Hong, and Joon Lee. "Implementation of Tracking and Authentication system for Product using RFID/EPC-IS network." KIPS Transactions:PartA 13A, no. 4 (2006): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipsta.2006.13a.4.317.

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Kelepouris, Thomas, Mark Harrison, and Duncan McFarlane. "Enhanced Supply Chain Tracking Based on the EPC Network: A Bayesian Approach." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 4 (2009): 2071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090603-3-ru-2001.0309.

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Ito, Manabu, Kiyohide Nakauchi, Yozo Shoji, Nozomu Nishinaga, and Yoshinori Kitatsuji. "Service-Specific Network Virtualization to Reduce Signaling Processing Loads in EPC/IMS." IEEE Access 2 (2014): 1076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2014.2359059.

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Kim, Su-Hyun, and Sang-Won Min. "A Route Selection Scheme for WLAN Off-Loading in EPC Network with a Cloud Server." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 17, no. 11 (2013): 2527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.11.2527.

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Jiang, Zhong Qiu. "The Intelligent Quality Control Technology System Based on the Integration Methods of SPC and EPC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.839.

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SPC (statistical process control) and EPC (engineering process control) is the scientific methods of quality quality control and quality improvement. It is the difficult problems of quality control process for network manufacturing enterprise how to effectively solve the dynamic quality fluctuation monitoring and the fluctuation abnormal diagnostic analysis and timely process adjustments, this paper designs the intelligent quality control mode and function system architecture, the modes expatiates quality management network based on quality control network of the workshop level and enterprise class network, and researches the integration applications of statistical process control and enterprise ERP quality system, and applies J2EE technology to achieve the system organic combination of design and development.

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