Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'État central'
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Revet, Sandrine. "Anthropologie d'une catastrophe : les coulées de boue de 1999 sur le littoral central vénézuélien." Paris 3, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/psn/1173.
Full textOn December 15, 1999, powerful landslides beat down onto the Venezuelan coast, destroying a large part of the State of Vargas’s infrastructure and killing numerous peoples. The analysis of how this event is lived, taken into care, related and interpreted enables to highlight the whole complexity of contemporary Venezuelan society. The disaster is firstly analyzed within the long term history of “natural” disasters on the Littoral. Then, an ethnography essay of the disaster brings out three moments of the urgency - the survival, the rescue operations and the assistance - and the different levels of responses that are displayed, in particular the confrontation between humanitarian actors and “disaster victims”. The third part analyzes how the disaster is untangled, both practically and symbolically. It reveals the political tensions around the reconstruction, as well as the different scenarios that allow giving a meaning to the disaster - religious, naturalist, risk
Signoles, Aude. "Municipalités et pouvoir local dans les Territoires palestiniens : entre domination israélienne et État en formation (1993-2004)." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010266.
Full textIovchenko, Natalia. "Pouvoir central, autorités locales : la construction d'un État moderne : l'exemple du gouvernement de Louis XIII et du Dauphiné (1610-1650)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010632.
Full textCodron, Céline. "Étude des pratiques mortuaires de la civilisation toltèque, région du haut Plateau central mexicain, État d’Hidalgo, Mexique, 750 – 1200 apr. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040229.
Full textRevealed by the mythical epic of its legendary sovereign Quetzalcóatl, the Toltec civilization was recognized during the XIXe century, amid the explorations made by Désiré Charnay, a french traveller and archaeologist. Thereafter, archaeological research lead to the identification of the main site of Tula. The physical data collected were cross-checked with the texts in order to identify cultural features specific to this civilization. Despite these discoveries and numerous exhumed mortuaries, dead Toltec remained in the shadows, hidden in archives. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze mortuaries of the Toltec civilization and to highlight, through a precise and multidisciplinary approach, the continuities and cultural specificities of death in three sites : Tula, Tizayuca and El Refugio. Quantitative and qualitative data from these three examples allowed us to produce a meticulous and systematic analysis of data from A.D. 750 to A.D. 1200. After laying emphasis on a archaeo-anthropological analysis, the study then focused on the definition of the Toltec ideological funeral system through texts and pictures. The acknowledgement of death’s paradigmatic dimension within this Mesoamerican civilization enabled the breakaway of consensual interpretations centred on funeral antinomy – sacrificial, to achieve the rehabilitation of a hidden purpose of death. As a whole, this thesis offers a new reading of the Toltec civilization’s mortuary practices, from an archaeological, ethnohistorical and anthropological insight
Pérez, Xavier. "La raison fiscale : de l’ancienne France à la naissance de l’État décentralisé contemporain." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40039/document.
Full textFrance was created around central values which are symbolized by the fiscal unity and the concentration of power in its capital Paris. It has been contradicting itself since 2003 date of the constitutional reform, which recognizes the decentralized organization, because it claims to be a centralized state while also acknowledging the values of a decentralized state. This is in contradiction with the definition of “decentralization” which defines a state with a division of power between the local and national authorities, and the decentralized state possesses its own logic which is different from the central state. Indeed, it should integrate the civil society into the normal functioning of institutions in order to deliberate together with the elected representatives. To understand this phenomenon and how such “decentralization” has preserved the national unity it is essential to tell the history of the fiscal reason. That is to say, the political, logical contributions from ancient France to the birth of the contemporary decentralized state in order to determine its foundations, to understand the unity of the country, and to conceive the stakes in the beginning of the 21st century: direct payment, to the source, to take into account each person’s income, and to integrate environment protection as well as the development of the local economy
Mvé, ebang Bruno. "Politique étrangère et sécurité nationale d'un petit État : analyse de l'action du Gabon pour la paix et la sécurité en Afrique Centrale, une politique extérieure au service de la construction et de la préservation de l'intérieur." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30018.
Full textAfrica is the region of the world, in which, exists the largest number of bloody armed crises. Since the independences, this region has never really known peace and security in all its regional entities. In this somber african board, Central Africa occupies an unenviable place. Abandoned in its sad fate at the end of the Cold War, countries, such as the Gabon, decided to direct particularly their foreign policy with the aim of helping states in crises, of its immediate environment, to cover a certain stability But especially in a logic of national reassurance. Small country of Central Africa, the Gabon feels the effects of the persistent regional instability. This Gabonese commitment for the peace was not born with its entry in the sovereignty. It built itself over the years. Its action for its building and national security has never aimed at reproducing exactly the same model of stability which it can but only arrive at the silence of weapons. It is obvious that as any political commitment, the gabonese regional action presents certain limits and the state should take measures aiming at a better international assertion. Nevertheless, the action of such country is important because by prioritizing the dialogue, they supply a painstaking job which manages, all the same, to put an end to the bloodsheds and to their tendency to the overflowing
Bucumi, Guy. "Les fondements des Laïcités en Afrique centrale à l'épreuve du protestantisme évangélique : Cameroun, Congo, Gabon et République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS149.
Full textThe Berlin Conference of 1884 laid the foundations for relationship between religions and states in Central Africa by instituting the "civilizing mission". In this region, those relationships have always been ambiguous. According to the periods, there was collaboration, mutual support, coexistence, mutual ignorance, oppositions and even persecutions. The relationship between religious missions and the colonial administration and between the Catholic Church and the young independent nations, were a perfect illustration. The “wave” of democratization of the 90’s allowed the adoption of new fundamentals laws similar with the French constitution of 1958 took as a model. The new central African constitutions introduced a new principle, the secularism of state, in the same spirit of the French constitutions of 1946 and 1958. The democratic process also allowed pluralism both political and religious. About religious field, the consecration of religious freedom has promoted the implantation of evangelical movement which has then, knew a rapid growth. The issue of relationships between Evangelical Churches and States in this region of Africa is becoming increasingly important, because of the growing success of this new religious movement and its proximity with political powers. This is a new, recent, rapidly changing situation that challenges many political, institutional, legal and social situations. At the legal level, the failure of the secular model adopted call for a need to make a large part of African custom in the conception of legal texts, which would then allow the construction of a new "African" secularism
Cascales, Gonzalez Aline. "La compétence enseignement et la libre administration des collectivités territoriales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1059.
Full textThis work is a study of the place of local authorities’ educational competence in view of their constitutionally recognised administrative freedom. The first part seeks to demonstrate that, in managing this competence, the local authorities’ administrative freedom is merely an illusion. They are now solely responsible for the administrative and technical management attached to that competence, and we find in particular that their objective in this area is increasingly being reinforced. So many responsibilities have been transferred to them that today we can speak of educational decentralisation. This first part also examines the ins and outs of financial management attached to this competence, particularly in the difficult context of declining State allocations to the local authorities. The second part of the analysis demonstrates that communities are stifled in their local management by, inter alia, activities associated with education, activities that are imposed upon them. This is the case with school transport or the school cafeteria, not to mention the new reforms sought by regulatory agencies, such as the minimum intake service and extracurricular activities, which are very restrictive measures for communities. Finally, we find that the school of the past is evolving. This evolution is characterised primarily by transfer of the community’s educational competence towards intercommunality
Houssard, Patrick. "Variations des concentrations en mercure dans les réseaux trophiques marins de l'Océan Pacifique Sud : état des lieux, caractérisation des sources et relations avec la dynamique trophique et physique du milieu." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NCAL0001/document.
Full textMercury is a naturally distributed heavy metal which is characterized, under its organic form (monomethylmercury; MMHg), by its bioaccumulation in living organisms and its biomagnifications along food chains. Since the awareness of MMHg neurotoxicity, lots of research works have focused on understanding where and how MMHg is formed and transmited to marine food webs. Those questions are keys in order to anticipate how MMHg, in commercially fish species, will respond in a context of increasing mercury emissions and climate change.This work is part of this approach by studying total mercury spatial variations from muscle tissue of three tuna species: bigeye, albacore and yellowfin tuna, captured within the south Pacific Ocean. Every tuna species demonstrated a consistent and similar spatial trend, with higher total mercury concentrations in the southwest and lower concentrations in the western equatorial Pacific. This spatial trend seems to be in accordance with varying tuna diet linked to the thermal features of the water column. By combining archival tagging data and nitrogen stable isotope analysis, we showed that the deepening of bigeye tuna vertical habitat around New Caledonia might allow them to forage on deeper and MMHg enriched preys. Additionnaly, dissolved MMHg profiles in the southwest Pacific suggest higher methylation processes in the epipelagic zone leading, possibly, to higher MMHg bioavailability for marine food chains.This study highlighted the key role of tuna trophic ecology and particularly foraging depth in their MMHg exposure. Those features have to be considered in future studies evaluating food webs contamination at a spatial or temporal scale
Kaupová, Sylva. "Bioarchaeology of the medieval population of central Europe : relationships among health status, social context and nutrition." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0198/document.
Full textIn this study carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic values were measured in a sample of 189 adult individuals of both sexes and 74 animals representing different socio-economic contexts (power centers versus the hinterlands) and chronology: the Great Moravian (9th -10th century AD) versus late Hillfort (11th century AD) period. A sample of 41 sub-adults aged 0–6 years was also selected for isotopic analyses.Isotopic data of the adult sample showed that the Great Moravian population had a terrestrial diet with a substantial proportion of C4 plants. Dietary analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the consumption of animal protein between power centers and the hinterlands. Diachronic changes in the diet were observed: the diet of the 11th century sample was characterized by higher consumption of C4 plants.For sub-adults, the isotopic results suggested there was not solely one established norm for the duration of breastfeeding in the Great Moravian population. These results confirmed that Great Moravia represented a highly stratified society socio-economically. The diachronic change in dietary behavior suggested that even after the apparent recovery in the 11th century, Moravian society did not reach its original level of welfare. The quality of diet significantly influenced dental health in the Great Moravian population sample
Jouzel, Tony. "Pouvoir et responsabilité au sein de l’administration décentralisée." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES5001.
Full textThe democratic principle applied to decentralized administration means that local representatives have decision-making power but also as a consequence, corresponding responsibility. In this framework, a local civil servant can only obey political orders and so cannot be held personally liable. However, this distribution is deeply changing. This evolution derives from an increase in the liability of local representatives which reaches beyond the power they have. They will therefore have to find a way of decreasing their personal liability, whether directly or indirectly, by reducing their own power. Meanwhile, local civil servants who thanks to their status and behaviour enjoyed some freedom will take advantage of the withdrawal of local representatives to further increase their own power. This factor is intensified by behavioural and structural changes of administration in general and of its decentralised version in particular. Administration now focuses on better performance but also on transforming about the network figure. Power and responsibility sharing have therefore been reorganised, giving to each actor, representative and civil servant, a new place
Piedad-Sanchez, Noé. "Prospection des hydrocarbures par une approche intégrée de pétrographie, géochimie et modélisation de la transformation de la matière organique : analyse et reconstitution de l'histoire thermique des Bassins Carbonifère Central des Asturies (Espagne) et Sabinas - Piedras Negras (Coahuila, Mexique)." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0155_PIEDAD_SANCHEZ.pdf.
Full textThe Central Asturian Coal Basin shows that the coals have been formed in a swamp environment with a vitrinite-rich facies, a lower sulfur and ash contents, a high water table and a wet climate. The coal rank, vitrinite reflectance and volatile matter content indicate a N-S trend which is correlated with the calculated paleotemperatures. These data suggest the influence of two thermal gradient. The maceral evolution was observed in the solid residues. METAGAZ-1D was used to simulate the hydrocarbon production. The Sabinas - Piedras Negras Basin shows a measured heat flux decrease. The determined thickness of the deposits indicates a foreland evolution during the Later Cretaceous and Early Paleocene. The simulated thermal history would indicate a thermal anomaly which is linked to the intrusive bodies. The horsts placed toward the east appear to have controlled the sedimentation and diminished the quantities of the deposits. The hydrocarbon generation was provoked by burial, and the thermal anomaly did not induce an increase in the hydrocarbon production
Jésus, Pierre. "Impact de l’état et de la prise en charge nutritionnels dans les maladies neurodégénératives : Approche neuroépidémiologique." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0071/document.
Full textNeurodegenerative diseases (NDD) mainly concern neuromuscular diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease. Due to the multiplicity of factors inducing a weight loss, the NDD are at risk of malnutrition, which can alter the evolution of these diseases and the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this work was to assess the nutritional status and / or the effect of treatment of patients with ALS and cognitive disorders (dementia and / or mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) in France with a health network, but also in Central Africa. The health network Limousin Nutrition (LINUT) realizes assessments and nutritional interventions in ALS patients at home and in residents of nursing homes (NH). The first evaluation by the network of ALS patients found more swallowing disorders than specialized consultation (60.0% vs. 47.5%) and taste disorders (43.8%), not further described in ALS. Improvements of practices were proposed. The network assessed also residents in NH, with or without dementia, initially and after a 4 months follow-up. Malnutrition affected more often demented patients (56.1% vs. 46.4% p=0.004), and energy intakes of all residents (26.4 ± 8.8 kcal/kg/d) were below the recommendations. The network intervention improved the nutritional status of patients with dementia (+0.29 ± 0.07 point of MNA®/month, p=0.003) and energy intake of all residents at 4 months. Two studies named
N'Toutoume-Emane, Vincent. "L'articulation entre la politique monétaire et la politique budgétaire dans les états membres de la banque des états d'Afrique Centrale." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010044.
Full textThe occurence, during the last decade, of high budgetary deficits in certain countries of the bcas has raised the problem of their financing. Traditionally, in manuals of macro-economy, the point of junction between budgetary policy and monetary policy lies in the ways of financing public deficits. This study aims, firstly, at evaluating the effect of various ways of financing the budgetary deficit on the process of monetary creation. Secondly, it endeavours to foresee the consequences of the budgetary deficit on the activity of the private sector. The analysis carried out shows that it is very difficult to ascertain with accuracy the incidence of the financing of the budgetary overdraft in the monetary creation and on the private sector's activities, because of the absence of a monetary and financial market and the low development of the credit market in the issuing zone of the b cas. On the other hand, the econometric analysis has enabled us to show the impact of the monetary and budgetary policies on the economical activity of the states of the bcas. Moreover, it has put in evidence the effect of crowding in of public expenses and the crowding out of imports by the increase of public expenses. Finally, it has enabled us to refute the agreement whereby private expenses are evicted by the increase of public expenses
Nsoga, Robert Ebénezer. "La protection des réfugiés en Afrique centrale : quelle gouvernance des migrations forcées pour les États centre-africains ? : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30011.
Full textIn the past decade, forced migration has been a particular and growing concern in Africa and in many parts of the world, as far as they created many complex challenges. These migrations, very often massive, unexpected, and generally caused by armed conflicts, human rights violations, violence, environmental degradation, have jeopardized the survival of many populations whose proportions reached alarming rates between 2011 and 2017, as it is stated in 2015's Global Annual Report of the UNHCR. But this already vulnerable population often remains, beyond any observation, highly precarious within some host States. The paradox of the failure of forced migrants's protection is maintained by the constancy of the consecration of their rights in international, regional and national legal instruments and the diversity of humanitarian actors at their side. Sub-Saharan Africa, which, according to the report quoted above, has around 4.41 million refugees out of a total of 21.3 million in the world, is no exception to this factual reality. In view of this dramatic and humanely burning situation in Central Africa, which has led to a significant reconfiguration of the humanitarian space due to the exponential increase of forced population displacement, fuelled by recurrent conflict inflation in the Lake Chad Basin, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the South West and North-West Cameroon – to mention only those cases whose echo of the tragedies bear witness to the topicality of this phenomenon in this African sub-region -, and the crossborder threats that weigh within this sub-Saharan african territoriality, my thesis focuses to map the national refugee protection system of the State of Cameroon, historically well known as a welcoming and hospitable country whose geographical position is strategic in the sub-regional area of Central Africa. This exercise allows on the one hand, the analysis of normative, structural and infrastructural framework tools, as well as the various mechanisms of coordination of the actors involved in the protection of forced migrants, to enable a better understanding of their welcome conditions in special areas. on the other hand, the study makes it possible to highlight perspectives of normative, structural and institutional practices capable to curb the important flows of refugees and to regulate their protection on behalf of a dynamic and concerted solidarity, structured around the spatialisation of States within the political-geographical perimeter of ECCAS. Through the systemic approach and the theory of constructivism, I am striving to bring into coherence, from a cross-disciplinary field, factors and actors that seem irreconcilable, but immensely intertwined. From Cameroonian experiences, this thesis opens up finally the perspectives of reflections on the challenges of a relevant geographical asylum's right and an agreed and effective protection of refugees in central Africa which decline to the regionalization of interventions, and concretely, to the urgent need of a centre-africanisation of the protection's response through the creation of a concerted sub-regional framework for governance of forced migration
Landais, Benjamin. "Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG025.
Full textThe Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s
Dikoume, Albert. "La fiscalité pétrolière comparée dans les États membres de la CEMAC." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010271.
Full textLin, Jian-Sheng. "Système histaminergique central et états de vigilance chez le chat." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10001.
Full textCompaore, Jérôme. "La maîtrise et la gestion de l'eau dans un contexte de décentralisation au Burkina Faso depuis 2006 : état des lieux et perspectives dans une dynamique de développement et de communication." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020083/document.
Full textWater is source of life. Longtime ago, water has always been a central and constant concern for people. The issue of water is among the top world hot topics today, following the evidence that the world is experiencing climate change…In Burkina Faso, similarly to Mali and Niger, the constitutions stipulate, "wealth and natural resources belong to people, for their livelihood improvement”. In these countries, the historical context of the Nation-state’s creation was strongly marked by volunteered public actions, under the leadership of the States, strengthened by technical and financial supports from partners to ensure the efficient uses of water resources….The key element of the decentralization is the transfer of powers to local authorities. In all three countries we visited, the principle of progress-based subsidiarity is prevailing. In Burkina Faso, according to the mayor of Gaoua "the transfer should not be done just for fun. The current impression is the denial to transfer everything but I see this as a cautious attitude of the central government. The caution as observed is a good thing, but not a sufficient reason for not transferring all the powers to local authorities"…
Care, Nicolas. "Compétence dans l'élaboration des règles de conflits et forme de l'Etat." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020047.
Full textMazido, Abel. "Le régime monétaire du compte d'opérations et le degré de liberté économique des États de la B. E. A. C. : Banque des États de l'Afrique centrale." Toulouse 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU10021.
Full textModern money is immaterial. It is put into circulation without any counterpart from a bank credit, whatever the economic system considered. Its aim is to favour the production of national wealth. The traditional agricultural sector and the informal sector are excluded from the national monetary and financial circuit. Thus they cannot serve as a basis for the accumulation of capital because money is not integrated into these two sectors. Unable to act efficiently neither on monetary policy, nor on budget policy because of the working regulations of the operation account, the states of the B. E. A. C. Resort to the foreign sector's savings by proposing attractive advantages
Kissambou, M'Bamby Jean Didier. "Décentralisation et fonction publique : essai sur un système applicable dans les états d'Afrique centrale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32081.
Full textThe French system of decentralization was transposed to central Africa after independences in 1960. The confrontation of Western legal data with African sociological realities did not favour the success of a jacobine decentralization. Because of monopartism, absence of financial resources, political instability and of a decades centralized civil service, the application of decentralization concerned the challenge. After four, central Africa experiences a generalized crisis. In parallel, regional solidarities always prevail over the State. They empty it of all its substance. Since 1990, the States of central Africa are directed towards "pseudo-democratic" regimes thanks to the international context. The less original new laws on decentralization, reproduce the French law of March 2, 1982. Owing to sociological realities and international constraints on the "good governance", a regional decentralization could let break out the elements of an authentic African public law. It would oblige the State to transfer its non sovereign competences to local communities, which could use existing solidarities to carry out the socio-economic development. These communities would be based on a local civil service founded on employment. The financial resources would come from a local taxation of share whose rate would be fixed by the local elected representatives
Badziokela, Merlin. "Le droit du travail dans les états d'Afrique centrale : particularités et ressemblances." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0035.
Full textEmployment law in African french speaking countries is very similar and possess the same particularities can be noticed throughout their evolution. Modern Employment law began with the law of 15 december 1952 which instituted a code of employment for french colonies. During the 60s, Equatorial african french colonies became independent states. As a consequence, political leaders and legislators changed. Each state instituted its own national code of employment which incorporated its own economic, political and social realities. During the 90s, economic, political and social evolution forced the governments to adopt democratic institutions and to convert to economic liberalism. They set up legislative and structural reform. Following the example of other african countries, Cameroon, the Central african Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Gabon and Chad, they began the revision of their own code of employment respectively. They created the central african economic and Monetary Commitee (CEMAC) in charge of following the economic reform. Since early 2000, african countries are, in general, more and more concerned with the globalization phenomena. Their marginalisation in the global economy remains worrying. To restrict this marginalisation, african countries have pushed forward with the solution of legal and economic integration at regional level. It is in this context of regional integration that the harmonisation of employment law has been founded. This has taken place within the framework of a treaty of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Buiness Law in Africa (OHADA)
Laurant-Berthoud, Claire. "Les herbes de la vie : entre Tlazotéotl et Hippocrate, plantes médicinales et pratiques thérapeutiques des sages-femmes traditionnelles de l’Altiplano central du Mexique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030022.
Full textIn Mexico, more specifically in the state of Morelos, traditional midwives compose a heterogeneous group with regards to their cultural and ethnic origins, their therapeutic praxis, their individual personalities, their training, their fees, etc. At crossroads of knowledge sources, midwives draw their competence from Náhuatl medical traditions and benefited from an academic training from occidental medicine as well. They resort to a number of diverse techniques belonging to wise and popular medical traditions which often refer to a priori conflicting systems. Midwives from Morelos demonstrate their capacity to integrate the lore from those different traditions. Their interest towards the therapies relating to the sphere of the present so-called alternative medicines also indicates their openness and the flexibility of their praxis. From a therapeutic point of view, the midwives assume aspecific role with clear characteristics in accompanying women all along the maternity process, from conception to puerperal period. Baths, massage, nutrition and herbal remedies constitute their main therapeutical resources; the range of their pharmacopoeia varies from a dozen to about a hundredplants. The therapeutic system of the midwives is based on the invariant dichotomy of hot and cold
Metougue, Nang Prosper. "Entrepreneuriat et croissance économique en Afrique : état des lieux et perspectives de l'entrepreneuriat au Gabon." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0123.
Full textFurther to the failure of what we call "the model of Growth of the first generation", focused on exports of raw materials and supported by foreign financement, the emergence of real market economy can today be considered as one of the possible was to escape the financial crisis of African countries, as Gabon however, economic efficiency, according to the liberal approach, relies on some particular laws. The market is the reference. Competition drives the economic equilibrium, as sumurized in the "laissez-faire" liberal credo. To reach this aim, the improvement of the economic context is the first step which means the state seems then determinin in the countrie where basic needs are not satisfied the state has to define new regulations, implying an assessment, in order to boost a large scale
Lembe, Aline-Joëlle. "Pêches maritimes et développement durable dans les états côtiers d'Afrique centrale : des dysfonctionnements à l'exploitation durable des ressources halieutiques." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3011.
Full textThe aim of this research was to study the maritime fishing in the coastal central african states from the angle of sustainable development. In this viewpoint, the research used a work of observation and of surveys especially thanks to interviews to draw up a diagnosis of the state of fishing in a context marked by important halieutic potentials although the landscape remains not very glossy. Indeed, the area is marked by numerous operational and organizational problems. Problems that materialize among others by proven under-equipped materials, insufficient involvement of political decision-makers, low incomes and to some extent, the lack of coordination between the various entities that reflect the relative vitality of the sector. Through case studies : Sao Tome (Sao Tome and Principe), Komo estuary (Gabon) and Youpwé (Cameroon), the research also enabled to assess the existing environmental risks due to the practices and uses of fishing gears which are dangerous for the marine ecosystems. Moeover, thanks to these case studies, the concept of sustainable development has been questioned in the context and in the sector we refers too. It was about a kind of probation of the concept. And some maladaptation of the international orientations appears clearly, in the context of coastal central africain states due to specific realities which are not taken into account in the international level. In fact, this probation underlines all the difficulty that exists to tie up the popularisation of "right practices" as far as fishing are concerned and the satisfaction of the primary need of food, which is essential to the survival of the players themselves, in a context where food security remains &almost an illusion. So, this analysis tempts to a replacement of the approaches. That the reason why, the study suggests to consider (again) the sustainable development issue in the maritime area by integrating the concept of territory. Actually, it is about conceptualise or consider the layout of halieutic territories and not only about the fishing activity only. All the related activities such as offshore, the maritime transport, tourism, have to be integrated to the analysis. All in all, this study, by questioning the sustainability of the maritime fishing, fuels and repeats a longstanding debate in human geography : that of the relationship between man and environment
Ouapou, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la stratégie d'implantation des entreprises françaises dans les états de l'Afrique centrale : (Cameroun, Centrafrique, Congo, Gabon, Tchad)." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D306.
Full textFrench firmes locations in central africa is usually done by big businesses, whose establisliments, organizations is hylhy contralized, without local capital participations, but a production system well established, the mane objective being to anticipat competitions
Collot, Pierre-Alain. "Le principe de non-discrimination au regard de l'appartenance nationale dans le droit constitutionnel des États tchèque, slovène et hongrois." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20004.
Full textThe non-discrimination principle is one of the most important symbol of the process of constitutional transition as well as of the transormation of the concept of Constitution after the collapse of the socialist conception of rights. Resulting from the rule of law and the democracy principles, the right to non-discrimination is constitutionnaly expressed through a constitutional rule of equality and can be developed as legislative or constitutional form of positive discrimiation (special constitutional rights). Furthemore, if the constitutional formulation of the right to non-discrimination has been realised under the influnce of international and european conventions, its content has to be interpreted in the light of international law as well. Inside the domestic law, the right to non-discrimination is a public subjective right and a status negativus while a special constitutional right is status a positivus. At the same time, the non-discrimination is inseparable from the constitutional case law : a negative discrimination is always an arbitrary distinction and undermine equal dignity. In any case, the criteria of arbitrary or equal dignity require to control the comparability, the rationality and/or the proportionality of the legal distinction. In spite of this universality, the criteria of nationality imposes a form of relativity to the non discrimination principle since each State is able to develop freely its national question, to organise the protection of kin and national minorities. In the same way, the national question has substantially influenced the domestic rules of citizenship. Finally, if the social rights are simply linked to non discrimination and equal opportunity principles, the right to education, as well as the linguistic, cutlural and political rights are protected by the right to non discrimination and special constitutional rights
Kennes, Erik. "Fin du cycle post-colonial au Katanga, RD Congo : Rébellions, sécession et leurs mémoires dans la dynamique des articulations entre l'État central et l'autonomie régionale 1960-2007." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26228/26228.pdf.
Full textLe, Voguer Gildas. "Secret et démocratie dans l'Amérique de l'après-guerre : le contrôle parlementaire de l'activité des services de renseignement, 1947-1987." Orléans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE1012.
Full textMouloundou, Boumba Aimé Claude. "La fonction de prêteur en dernier ressort à la Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale (BEAC)." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40007.
Full textThe concept of PDR appears in the economic literature from 1797 in England to qualify with Baring, injections of liquidity of the Bank Of England to banks in difficulty during the 18th century. The analysis of Thornton (1802) and Bagehot (1873) complement those of Baring and thus constitute right at the end of the 19th century the classical model of PDR. Long contested, this function has come be recognized. Our study is based on the crisis in the banking systems of the 1980s and 1990s, which led to their BEAC inject liquidity as PDR. The banks had solvency problems due to rising risk of default by the borrower who has caused a significant accumulation of compromised loans, and the failure of internal controls of banks and supervision of the community. Sought to rescue the banks, the BEAC has organized an injection of liquidity by role of lender of last resort strict sense, but of "financial last resort" or "provider of funds" of insolvent banks, resulted in the moral hazard and the inflation. This intervention is to be placed as part of its wider responsabilities to prevent systemic risk in its area rather than its monetary function of PDR. The most banks have gone bankrupt because the monetary and prudential policy of CEMAC is full of many problems that the study is to identify and correct for to make them less vulnerable to economic downturns and crisis
Fujihara, Shota. "Le système de gouvernement local dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées sous le Régime napoléonien." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20088.
Full textFor the longest time, Napoleon was the centerpiece of studies concerning the Napoleonic age. However, over the past thirty years, several important studies about the Consulate and the Empire have been shedding a new light on the socio-political history of this era. In this thesis, we review the administrative and centralizing structure established during the Napoleonic era, which represents a key period to discuss and observe the issues about the onset of the Nation-State. In the first part, The Nation-State and the notables, the reality of the local power established during the Napoleonic age is discussed. Initially, we explain the sociology of the local administrators and notables who compose the local power, then we analyse the relations between these notables and the prefectural administration by clearly defining the effective functioning of the councils instituted in each local administrative ward, and of the communal municipalities. In the second part, The Nation-State and the local order, we approach several administrative domains concerning the “security”, matters during the onset of the Nation-State. This thesis will set to define how these administrative domains have led to a three tier exerted power, central power, local power and people, which in turn constructed and gave birth to the local government system under the Napoleonic regime. To answer these questions, we choose the Hautes-Pyrenees department. Indeed, to relativize the territorial evidence of France geographically and psychologically, the border area of the Pyrenees is an interesting case for our study
Belaubre, Christophe. "Elus du monde et élus de Dieu : les familles de pouvoir et le haut clergé en Amérique centrale, 1753-1829." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20055.
Full textDuring two centuries, the Central Americans have tried unsuccessfully to break the chain of disunion. These people are still facing with the consequences of those national identities found out by elites retired within themselves. And yet, these men and women, "Elected of the World", have never been so near to unite the central american peoples into one nation than during the federal experience from 1823 to 1837. They were in a position to realize the full integration of indigenas and ladinos in a homogeneous melting pot that could assure a full independence and a larger prospeity. Why did they fall ? The analysis for the period of a prosopographical corpus of some members of high church, the "Elected of God", shows us that some power families, particularly relying on clerical nets, bear the heavy responsability of this tragic ending. Our methodology led us to reconsider the impact of the "second conquest of America" by the Bourbons administration (the gap between the will to reform and the result of it that, instead of making the Church weaker, would at the contrary have led to its greater centralisation and made easier its control by a few families at the time of Independence). By carefully reconsidering the economic wheels which made possible to the Church to operate, we are trying to explain how an ideologically conservative coalition, in a Gramscian meaning, could appear and produce the fatal use of war by provincial elites in order to dictate their point of view
Ekal, Berna. "L’ État pour parent ? : une anthropologie des violences conjugales et des centres publics d’hébergement en Turquie." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0682.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that a result of the public character of women's shelters in Turkey, their residents consider these institutions as places where state takes charge of them when their families do not or can not. In other words, in line with Bourdieu's definition of state as " a name that we attribute to hidden and invisible principles " - to designate a type of Deus Absconditus - of social order and, at the same time, of the domination that is both physical and symbolic as violence that is both physical and symbolic ", the meanings of this name for the residents and employees of public women's shelters is a " protective family ". In this perspective, the studies on women's shelters which primarily concentrate on the empowerment of women are not sufficient to understand neither the point of view of residents nor the complexity of relations in public women's shelters in Turkey. We demonstrate that an observation of the relations between State, kinship and family is necessary to grasp this complexity
Villard, Duran Camila. "L'encadrement juridique de l'accountability de la politique monétaire : une étude de la Banque centrale brésilienne (Bacen), de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) et de la Réserve fédérale des États-Unis (Fed)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010266.
Full textManatouma, Kelma. "Identifier les individus au Tchad : politiques et pratiques des papiers d'identité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100042.
Full textThis dissertation studies the policies and practices of the identification of individuals in Chad. Based on a fieldwork conducted in the capital N’Djamena and in a small town in the south of the country, Goré, this research examines the procedures, circulation and appropriation modalities of the administrative, political and cultural identification of individuals. This dissertation is divided into three main sections. First, it retraces the history of identification in Chad since the colonial period, while paying a particular attention to civil status registers and identity cards. It shows that the identification and “paperization” of individuals must be analysed at the intersection between the policies of the state, of international organisations and of private companies. Diffused worldwide since the early 2000s, the introduction of biometrics in Chad is a turning point in the history of identification in the country. Based on fieldwork conducted in the civil identity services in N’Djamena and in the camps where Chadian "returnees" who fled the war in the Central African Republic live, identification is approached through concrete "paper" mechanisms. Second, the thesis analysses the practices of administrations and shows how bureaucratic rationality and patrimonial management are intertwined in this public service. Finally, the dissertation focuses on the lived experiences of the people who own the ID papers. Finally, the thesis offers a better understanding of the everyday functioning of the state and shows how individuals are controlled as well as the limits of the control
Szekely, Andrea. "La coopération transfrontalière entre la Hongrie et les états limitrophes." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040158.
Full textCross-border relations are introduced according to different points of view: cultural, educational, local authorities, civil organizations, relations among administrative units, business relations. No preferential treatment of any sort of relations is laid down in the paper. It is the same to say about illegal relations as well, some well-known of which are mentioned but no far-going analisys is included. From 1st. May 2004 Hungary and its two neighbours (Slovenia and Slovakia) will be parts of the European Union. Owing to this act the Hungarian-Slovakian, the Hungarian-Slovenian and the Hungarian - Austrian border sections will make up the internal border of the EU. The enlargement of the European Union will escalate changes on every other border sections
Ndjock, Jean Aimé. "Élections politiques et démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas des États de l'Afrique centrale." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10016.
Full textSince the nineties, democratic elections are brought up to date in Africa. The electoral law of occidental origin still suffers from many imperfections resulting from the locking of electoral processes by their organizers w are also titulars of official authorithy functions in the governments. Only a sound democratic culture will allow the restoration of the african elector in his fundamental political rights
Godame, Michel. "La politique de sécurité de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC) : essai sur le renforcement des mécanismes de coopération entre les États membres." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_godame_m.pdf.
Full textThis thesis wants, in form of essay, to question the strengthening of cooperation's mecanisms among the six memberships (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Chad), in the centre of the current debate on citizenship and exclusion, affirmation of national identities and integration. It emphasizes, in the first part, the failure's factories of the Custom and Economic Union of Central Africa : the difficult equation nation – federation, the unworkable liberalism which have placed its memberships in (the) « midstream » between the marginality following the globalization's increasing and the new desire for union, the current projects. It points, in the second part and through the CEMAC's promise, to give a better future, by the construction of a real fate's Community founded on the economic and institutional peace. By the way, this thesis would like to show also that the national policies have a distant rapport with the nature or the essence of the integration, even if they have their ideological and historical importance, which remain, therefore, a conventional and unstable process. We are going to analyse these arbitrary constructions which are become the popular beliefs in order to show the desirable direction to the memberships. This work wants finally to criticise the national policies which vacillate between the respect of national sovereignties based on a political victory (the decolonization and the independence) and the will to take up the challenge of the economic and social development resulting of this failure's political victory. In other words, the will to found the collective identity as in a meeting place. The CEMAC's promise will be certainly in this overtaking or passing's effort of local and national identities
Boumaad, Abdelhak. "La politique américaine en Amérique centrale, la présidence de Ronald Reagan et le Nicaragua." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040288.
Full textIlboudo, Elisabeth. "L'indépendance de la banque centrale." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090025.
Full textCalderón, Bony Frida. "La maison du migrant : mobilités et identités à Patamban (Michoacan, Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0511.
Full textThis research focuses on the town of Patamban (Michoacan, Mexico) in order to observe the transfer of its population towards different destinations in the U. S. A. The questioning that support our work are the result of the intersection between anthropology and geography, in which the objective is to maintain an ethnographic vision , while questioning the role of space in the social dynamic that sustains the international mobility of the patambeño population. From the circulation point of view, our main question concerns the workings of a place of international movement, from which mobility as well as the places of anchoring give meaning the places that make up this common mobility space. Directly linked to their migrant condition, since, in the town of origin, the construction of new housing is directly linked with the money orders sent by the immigrants from the United States, these houses present a new architecture that clearly shows the spatial transformations that are present in the country of origin. The centrality of the real-estate project - regarding the construction of a house in their town of origin as a priority of the immigrant -serves as an analytical framework for questioning and understanding how the immigrants inhabit the migration space. Our work shows that the living space is a place in which the immigrant defines his relation to the world, while creating new ways of inhabiting, and it is within the complementary aspects of both homes - house in the country of destination and house of origin- in which subjects elaborate a contemplation on their life trajectory, while projecting in the space the transformations of identity that they will confront throughout all their life as immigrants
Contessi, Nicola. "Mackinder reloaded : the emerging role of international security institutions in the global scramble for Central Asia." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29153/29153.pdf.
Full textNumerous regional security organizations have emerged in Central Asia since the end of the Cold War under the leadership of one entrepreneur nation. Whereas multiple security externalities stem from the region, if institutions are really in place to reduce the transaction costs arising from the need to negotiate agreements that guide interstate cooperation, wouldn’t one be sufficient? If, on the other hand, institutions are irrelevant as neorealists argue, why such proliferation of acronyms? Starting from the insight that “it is cooperation that makes the exercise of power possible” (Moe 2003: 12), this thesis assumes that since the end of the Cold War, major powers have been prone to using multilateral intergovernmental institutions as a means of wielding influence in the region. It is suggested that multilateral institutions represent a strategic option that alternative policy instruments, such as bilateral agreements, do not match. Their specific value is that they generate opportunities to legitimize claims, form coalitions, and crystallize power relations. This is quite different from saying that institutions are merely a reflection of existing power relations, as much realist literature does. Rather it suggests that institutions have a role in creating and shaping power relations. But it also differs from the transaction costs approach which neglects the power dimension. The research develops a framework to explain the respective agency of China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russia in the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the United States in NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership. This framework advances two hypotheses which postulate that institutions represent the intervening variable for entrepreneur states to: 1) foster control over the associated member states; and 2) Deny attempts to exercise control to rival institutional projects or major powers. Empirical evidence lends significant support to the mechanism described by the first hypothesis, but is insufficient in the case of the second one, though institutional outputs are consistent with the expectations of the hypothesis.
Manciaux, Sébastien. "Investissements étrangers et arbitrage entre États et ressortissants d'autres États : 25 années d'activité du Centre international pour le règlement des différents relatifs aux investissements." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOD001.
Full textBecause of the object of the convention under the aegis of the which they take place, ICSID awards are likely to contribute to international arbitration law and to the legal framework of foreign investments. The main features of the arbitration proceedings created by the Washington convention did not produce the expected developments. ICSID awards did not sharpen the concept of investment and the numerous rules which regulate the state involvement to arbitration limit the powers of ICSID arbitrators on the subject. The developments devoted to the investor nationality are classical. Nevertheless, some lessons are likely to be drawn from ICSID practice. More interesting are the consent to arbitration and the deciding of applicable substantive law; ICSID practice originates new approaches in the submission process of cases to arbitration and shows a standardization of the applicated rules of law. This last report is particularly interesting in the scope of an ICSID emerging jurisprudence relative to the legal framework of foreign investments. This legal framework reflects the unbalance situation characterizing the investor/state relationship. The state's seeker situation added to its technical inferiority concerning the investment (and its economical environment) are the causes of the protection granted by ICSID arbitrators to the contracting state. Once investments take form, the noticed inferiority reverses to the detriment of the investor. The regulation of the exercise by the state of its sovereign power is then the second trend which emerges from the ICSID arbitral awards. Then, ICSID awards, together with other international awards, contribute towards the elaboration of a legal framework for foreign investments which takes its rules both to (domestic and international) public and private law
Feriel, Cédric. "Piétonniser les centres-villes (1960-1980). États, pouvoirs municipaux et sociétés urbaines face aux mutations des centres urbains au second XXe siècle (Europe, États-Unis)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV008.
Full textPedestrian streets have been regarded as anachronistic urban planning for a long time. Largely absent from french academic works on the evolution of western cities till the Second World War, pedestianisation has no history and is an anonymous phenomenon. It seems that nothing has to be learned from this layout, except it confirms city centers patrimonialization. But, considering pedestrianisation means closing an urban area to automobile traffic and redesigning entirely public spaces for pedestrian only (with uniform pavement), no pedestrian street is to be found in Europe before the second half of the twentieth century. This kind of layout appeared around 1960 in the United States and in Federal Republic of Germany. Our hypothesis is that pedestrianisation does belong to the 1960s-1970s urban planning and has no obvious connection with patrimonialisation.Based on this observation, this dissertation has two aims. The first one is to fill a gap in french historiography. While pedestrian areas are common in European towns, the subject remains a blind spot that prevent analysis of continuity and change with the interest for pedestrian places in present urban planning. The second deals with epistemological issues. It aims to renew the approach of city centers evolution after 1945, breaking with the paradigm of State policies as the sole driving force of urban planning and exploring, in this field, the role of local initiatives, social mobilisations and transnational exchanges. It also aims to deconstruct a mental framework in which innovation belongs to new urbanised areas, whereas city centers are to be dedicated to patrimonalization and heritage conservation. Dealing with the old urban fabric, urban planning has no obvious solution
Colera, Christophe. "L'émergence et les conséquences de la spécialisation juridique dans le champ bureaucratique : le cas des administrations centrales de l'État." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010023.
Full textPinter, Julien. "Essays on two new central banking debates : central bank financial strength and monetary policy outcome : the instability of the transmission of monetary policy to deposit rates after the global financial crisis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E051.
Full textThis thesis deals with the new debates on central banking which arose after the 2008 global financial crisis. More particularly, two of such debates are addressed: the debates on the financial losses in central banks’ balance sheets, and the debates on the high level of bank rates compared to market interest rates following the financial crisis. The two first chapters are related to the first debate. The link between central bank financial strength and inflation is empirically examined in a large sample of 82 countries. Theoretically, this link is potentially present when the government does not fiscally support the central bank, so that the central bank can only rely on itself to improve its financial situation. The results show that in practice central bank balance sheet deteriorations indeed lead to higher inflation when fiscal support is absent. The results, based on a particularly meticulous and consistent sample selection, do not show the presence of a link between the two variables in a general context, as the theory suggests. In the second chapter, I analyze and conceptualize the argument according to which a central bank can end a peg exchange rate regime by fear of making significant losses in the future, and I apply this analysis to the Swiss franc peg between 2011 and 2015. This argument was brought forward by many commentators to explain the Swiss move, while no research before this one did study the relevance of this argument. The empirical estimates in Chapter 2 show that this argument indeed had some credibility: under some credible scenarios the Swiss central bank would have incurred significant losses by breaking its peg 17 months later, with losses exceeding a threshold judged as relevant by many central bankers. The last chapter of this thesis focuses on the spread between deposit rates and market interest rates in the Eurozone (more specifically, the EURIBOR), which became significantly positive after the financial crisis, leading some commentators to claim that deposits were over-remunerated. This chapter upholds that the major part of this spread is not due to an « abnormal » behavior of deposits but is rather due to the fact that the EURIBOR has become irrelevant after the global financial crisis. Building an alternative to the EURIBOR, the chapter concludes that banking risks have been having a major influence on the level of deposit remuneration
Gueslin, Julien. "LA FRANCE ET LES PETITS ÉTATS BALTES :RÉALITES BALTES, PERCEPTIONS FRANÇAISES ET ORDRE EUROPEEN(1920-1932)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126331.
Full textBourrier, Mathilde. "Une analyse stratégique de la fiabilité organisationnelle : organisation des activités de maintenance dans quatre centrales nucléaires en France et aux Etats-unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0039.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to study how plant personnels from four different nuclear power plants, in France and in the U. S manage to perform a huge and complex maintenance revision, called a scheduled outage. The theoretical perspective aims at understanding how and why, in a highly prescriptive and regulated industry, motivated by the intrinsic risks of the technology (nuclear), which tend to be in conflict with the economic and performance requirements, one can observe a diverse range of behaviors : from compliance to deviation. Confronted with this puzzle, the dissertation wants to offer a unique explanation, which allows to knit together actors strategies and "social inventions" (Whyte, 1984), with organizational contexts, which to our opinion determine the circumstances under which the various organizational solutions and options emerge
Alpha, Barry Mamadou. "Demande de monnaie et optimalité de la politique monétaire de la banque centrale des États d'Afrique de l'Ouest (1960-1990)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010019.
Full textThe objective of this Ph. D. Dissertation is to determine, wether there exists a stable money demand function and, the impact of monetary policies of the central bank "bceao" on macroeconomic variables, namely, economic activity, price level, nets foreign assets, in order to define an optimal monetary policy of the central bank. To achieve this objective, an econometric investigation is made, using economic datas for the period 1960-1990. The dissertation is organised in two sections: section 1 reviews the theories of money demand and monetary policy and, section 2 is the empirical evidence of testing for equilibrium relationship between monetary aggregates and economic aggregates. The empirical results indicate : the validity of the quantity theory of money except for the ivory-coast and the benin, the non significance of the exchange rate. The interest rate plays a role, only, for Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast. The money demand is stable for Benin, Mali, Niger; instable for Senegal and, the results are mixte for Burkina, Ivory Coast and Togo. The inflation has a negative impact on economic growth and, finally, the domestic credits have an negative effect on nets foreign assets which are more correlated to the external shocks (i. E. The price level of commodities)